178 I TRL/CJNI3 BAI HOC THU BO HA NOI

QUA TRINH BJNH THUdNG HOA QUAN HE NGOAI GIAO THAI LAN - TRUNG QUOC

Ngo TuSn Thang Tnrdng Dgi hoc Khoa hgc Xd hgi vd Nhdn vdn - Dai hgc Quoc gia Hd Noi

Tom tdt Ndm 1975, Thdt Lan vd Trung Quoc thiit lap binh thudng hoa quan he ngogt giao Viic thiet ldp quan he ngogi giao giiia hai nuac da chdm dut gdn ba thdp ki thu dich va nghi ki Idn nhau. ma ra mot chirang moi Irong quan he hai nuac Thdi - Trung Tuy nhien. qud trinh do khong den mot cdch di ddng bdi giiia hat mrac con nhiiu vdn di cdn phdi gidi qig el truac khi binh thuong hoa quan hi. Bdi viit ndy se nhin lgi quan hi That Lan vd Trung Quoc trong lich sti dong thai ldp trung nghien ciiv lien trinh binh thirang hoa quan hi ngogi giao giiia Thdi Lan vd Trung Quoc

Tir khoa. Chinh tri, quan hi Thdi Lan - Trung Qudc. ddm phdn, binh thuong hoa quan hi ngogi giao. 1975.

1. fi.AT \ AN D£

Ngay 1/7/1975, Thai Lan va Trung Quoc da kf kit Tuyen b6 chung \h viec binh thuong hoa quan he ngoai giao. Viec binh thucmg hoa quan he ngoai giao giua hai nuoc da cham dut gan ba thap ki hai nuoc thii dich va nghi ki lln nhau, ma ra nhung trang moi trong quan he giua Thai Lan va Trung Qu6c. Tuy nhien, thanh cong do khong dkn mot each de dang, Sau khi Thai Lan cong nhan nuoc Cong hoa nhan dan Trung Hoa, quan he hai nuoc da trai qua nhung khiic quanh, trSc tra. Truac iihmig thay doi cua tinh hinh Xhk giai va noi tinh moi nuac, trong xu thi hoa binh, 6n dinh va hgp tac dk phat triSn, muc tieu ca ban cua chinh sach d6i ngoai Thai Lan hay Trung Qu6c d^u mong mu6n tao ra moi truang hoa hao, ihuan Igi cho su nghiep xay dung, bao ve t6 qu6c, gop phk vao cuoc dau tranh vi hoa binh, doc lap, dan chii va tiln bo xa hoi ciia nhan dan thi giai. Ca hai nuoc deu nhan thay rang, viec binh thuang hoa quan he va phat triSn quan he huu nghi vai nhau la het sire can thilt

Nhan bai ngay 12 11.2016. gir, phan bien va duvet dang ngaj 25 P 2016 L.en he lac gia- \go Tuan Thang. Email liianthang2231986@giTiaiI com TAP CHi KHOA HOC - SO TT/ZCTB i

2. KHAI QUAT QUAN HE THAI LAN - TRUNG QUOC TRONG LICH SU^

Sgi day kit n6i giiia Thai Lan va Trung Qu6c da co tir lau trong lich sit hai nuac: tir thai Tay Han (nam 206 Truac cong nguyen tai nam 24 Sau cong nguyen) va trong suot thai ki Han Vu Dl. Minh chirng ro rang hon cho mdi quan he nay la thong qua con dudng buon ban thucmg mai va su chuyin giao cong nghe dd gom sii tu Trung Quoc. Trung Qu6c la mpt cuong qu6c trong khu vuc vai cac tiem lire ve dan so dong, bien gicri lanh th6 rgng Ion va co vi tri dja li kha gin voi Thai Lan. Do do, Trung Quoc luon la mgt nhan to co anh hudng to Idn din viec toan tinh chien luge trong hoach dinh chinh sach cua lanh dao Thai Lan. Trai qua cac giai doan tir thai Sukhothai (1237-1350), Ayuthaya (1350-1767), Thonburi (1767-1782) va (1782-hien nay), cac nha vua Thai Lan diu duy tri hgp tac thuang mai va hiiu nghj, than thien voi Trung Quoc. Duai thdi Vucmg quoc Ayutthaya (1350-1767), trao doi buon ban va van hoa giira Thai Lan va Trung Qudc da trd nen thudng xuyen hem. Trudc the ky XVI, Siam va Trung Quoc da thiet lap quan he chinh thiic. Khi Chu Nguyen Chuang (1368-1398) sang lap ra trieu dai mdi - trieu Minh va len ngdi hoang de, Chu Nguyen Chucmg da giii ban tuyen ngon den cac nude de loan bao ve su kien nay (1368). "nude Siam gan nhu la nude diu tien phai sii than tdi Trung Qudc, mac dii viing Tay Nam Trung Qudc cho den nam 1382 van con nam trong tay MongCd"'. Nam 1371, doan sii than ciia Siam da den kinh ddNam Kinh, mang theo tang pham va cdng vat rat phong phii vdi ldi cong nhan Chu Nguyen Chuang la Tdn chu ciia nude Siam Mdi quan he trieu cdng dd da dien ra thudng xuyen d thdi nha Minh va dugc tiep tuc d thdi nha Thanh.

Khi tinh hinh Trung Qudc trd nen hdn loan tir trieu dai nha Nguyen (1271-1368) din nha Minh (1368-1644) khien cho nhieu ngudi dan Trung Qudc phai li hucmg. Ngudi ta tin rang, quan he huyet thdng chat che giua hai nude cd ngudn goc tir chinh nhCrng ngudi di cu Trung Qudc nay. Nhd su lien lac thudng xuyen gitra hai nude, nhieu ngudi Trung Qudc tir cac tinh phia Nam \a cac khu vuc nhu Quang Ddng, Hai Nam, Phiic Kiln. Quang Ta> da tdi Thai Lan de lap nghiep, bat dau xay dung cudc sdng mdi. Minh sir cd ghi r5ng: '"Cac phien bang to nhd cd tdi 149 nude, nude Siam gan va quan trgng ban ca'". Ro rang, khdng chi cd Siam chii trgng mdi quan he cua minh vdi Trung Qudc, ma nha nude phong kien Trung Qudc cting rat coi trong mdi quan he nay. Day la mot trong nhung h' do giai thich mdi quan he mat thiet ciia Siam vdi Trung Qudc sudt thdi k> can dai D4U thi ky XVI. Siam van tiep luc quan he vdi Trung Qudc dudi hinh thiic trieu cdng. phat hu> hon nira

Le Thi Anh Dao. Duong Thi .Anh Tujet (2012). "Siam trong moi quan he v th£ k> XVI-XVll". Tap chi khoa lioc (Dat hoc Hui) tap 72A. so 3. ti ^9 180 B TRUdNG BAI HOC THU BO HA Npi

mdi quan he da dugc djnh hinh tnrdc dd. Theo G. W. Skinner thi "tir nam 1500 den nam 1579, trong vdng 80 nam cd 9 lan Ayutthaya sang trieu cdng Trung Qudc"'. Budc vao the ky XVII. dudi sutri vi ciia vua Narai (1656-1688) quan he Siam vdi Trung Qudc van tiep tuc duy tri. Siam da 5 lin cii phai doan sang Trung Qudc mang theo dd cdng nap dang len hoang dl nude nay. Cd thi ndi, quan he chinh tn-ngo^l giao, chinh sach thuan phuc, "than Trung Quoc" da trd thanh net noi bat trong chi'nh sach ddi ngoai ciia Siam the ky XVI - XVII. Chinh dilu nay da dem lai nhieu Igi ich ca ve chinh tri va kinh te cho Siam va Trung Qudc. Nhung nam 40 ciia the ky XVII, Trung Qudc d vao thdi ky chuyen giao giCra hai trieu dai Minh va Thanh, dieu nay khiln cho viec budn ban cua Siam vdi Trung Qudc chiu anh hudng it nhieu Den cudi thdi nha Thanh, Tdn Trung Son da tdi tham Thai Lan hai lan vao cac nam 1903 va 1908. thanh lap ra "Hiep hdi bao chi Trung Hoa" chi nhanh Bangkok (China Press Society) nhd sir iing hd eiia cac doanh nghiep va kieu bao Trung Hoa tai Thai Lan. Sau cudc each mang Tan Hgi 1911, hai nude da cd nhtmg thao luln ve viec thilt lap quan he ngoai giao.

Trong the chien thir hai. Thai Lan budc phai diing ve phia Nhat Ban khi quan dpi ciia Nhat dd bd vao nude nay va qua canh ngay 7/12/1941. Sau vai tran danh ylu dt, chinh phii Thai Lan budc phai chap nhan yeu chu cua Nhat Ban. Tuy nhien, kit thiic thi chiln thii hai. Thai Lan lai thiet lap quan he vdi chinh quyen Tudng Gidi Thach vao nam 1945. Thang 10/1949, Dang Cgng san Trung Qudc gianh thing lgi d dai luc va thanh lap nude Cdng hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa, quan he huu nghj truyin thdng gitra Thai Lan va Trung Qudc dugc tai khang djnh. Cd mdt thuc tl dac biet. Thai Lan khdng phai la mdt trong nhung nude dku tien cdng nhan nude Cdng hda nhan dan Trung Hoa nam 1949 bdi da cd han 100 qudc gia cong nhan Trung Qudc trudc Thai Lan. Tuy nhien, viec Thai Lan cdng nhan nude CHND Trung Hoa lai dugc danh gia la mot budc dot pha Idn. danh dSu su kit thue cua mot thdi ki rat khd khan Irong quan he hai nude. Cac cudc chiln tranh Ddng Duong, chiln tranh lanh va nhung lo ngai vl su phat triln cua Chu nghia cgng san da thSp len nhtmg cang thing nhieu mat. Thai Lan da tir chdi Idi dl nghj ciia Trung Qu6c vl viec thilt lap quan he. Nam 1947, Thai Lan tham gia Lien hgp Qudc. hai nude ki kit Hiep udc huu nghi Thai Lan- Trung Qudc. Tuy nhien, cac nha lanh dao quan su Thai Lan da cd su e ngai vi'mdi de doa CO the den tir phfa Trung Qude, ho cho rJng y thirc he edng san cua ngudi Trung Qudc khdng the tuang hgp vdi he tu tudng "Dan toe, Dao Phat va Nha vua" cua Thai Lan. Them nua, Trung Qudc cho thanh lap kliu tu Iri Thai d phia nam tinh Van Nam duac gidi lanh dao Tha, Lan coi nhu co sd boat ddng chdng pha chinh phu Thai Lan ciia Trung Qudc. Ddi TAP CHI KHOA HCC - SO n/ZOtB

vdi Thai Lan, sir nghi ngd vl y dd banh trudng cua Trung Qudc Iai cang ndi len sau khi nude nay tham gia cuoc chiln tranh Trilu Tien (1950-1953), ung hg Vi?t Nam trong cuoc khang chiln chdng thirc dan Phap. Trudc tinh hinh dd, de ngan chan mdi de doa tir Trung Qudc, Thu tudng Thai Lan Phibul Songkram da chuyin sang chinh sach phdng thu tap the do M> va cac nude ddng minh phmmg Tay lanh dao, ki Hiep udc Manila va tham gia khdi SEATO (Td chiic hiep udc Ddng Nam A) vao thang 9 nam 1954. Din thang 1/1955, hoi nghi diu tien ciia SEATO dugc td chuc d Bangkok va Bangkok cung dugc chgn lira lam tru sd cua khdi nay. Chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Thai Lan dugc cho la da "budc han vao quy dao ciia My" va ''nga hin vao sieu cudng My de ngan chan nggn lira chien tranh va kiem lay nhimg Igi igc ve cac mat kinh te, quan su, ngoai giao"'.

3. QUA TRINH BINH THRONG HOA QU.AJS HE NGOAI GIAO

Hgi nghi A-Phi td chuc d Bandung (hidonesia) thang 4/1955 la mdt co hoi hilm cd cho mdi lien he ngoai giao giua Trung Qudc va Thai Lan ndi rieng va quan he Trung Qudc vdi cac nude d chau A ndi chung. Phia da thuyit phuc chinh phii Thai Lan nen giam cang thang vdi Trung Qudc. Tuy nhien. bd trudng ngoai giao Thai Lan !a Hoang tir Wan Waithaya Kom van td ra kha than trgng bdi ba van de: lo ngai Trung Qudc ung hd phong trao Ngudi Thai tu do d Van Nam; van de hai qude tich ciJa ngudi 3 trieu ngudi Trung Qudc dang sinh sdng d Thai Lan va sir hien dien cua 50 ngan quan than vdi Viet Minh d phia Ddng Bac Thai Lan'. Thai Lan khang dinh viec tham gia khdi SEATO vdi muc dich tu ve bdi !o ngai "su lat dd eua the gidi cdng san""'. Ngudi diing dau phai doan Trung Qudc thdi diem dd la Chu An Lai da lam rat tdt vai trd eiia ngudi hda giai. Chu An Lai dam bao vdi Hoang tii Wan Waitha>a Kom ve y djnh hda binh cua minh va ed ging gat bd nhung nghi ngd ciia Thai Lan bang viec giai thich khu tu tri ngudi Thai d Van Nam chi la mgt bd may hanh chinh cua Trung Qudc, Trung Qudc khdng cd y dinh banh trudng d Ddng Xam A \a eung khdng img hd vat chat cho eae hoat dgng lat do ciia phong trao ngudi Thai tu do d Van Nam. Chu An Lai dua ra nhtrng de xuat va nhirng cau tra idi eho nhung ban khoan ciia phia Thai Lan bang viee mdi Thai Lan cu mdt phai doan sang Van Nam de "'dieu tra tinh hinh trudc khi thiet lap quan he ngoai giao". Nhd quan diem cd linh hda giai va cd tinh thu>et phuc dya iren nam nguyen tae ehung sdng hoa binh ciia Chu An

N'2u\^n Tuong Lai (2005). "Chinh sach doi ngoai cua Thai Lan dircri che do quan chu lap hiin (1932- 2000V". Tap chi khoa hoc Dai hpc Qu6c gia Ha Noi. so ' |2005). ir 37.38. "Chou En-Lai ai Bangdung". hnp. w-v^-n ic« a org «p-content uploads/2015 08 .ADB-77 pdf Da\-id A.Wilson 1196"l. "China. and ihe Spirit of Bandung (Pan II)". The China quartern>.96 1196'). p 98 ... II TRUaNB BAI MOC THU BD HA Ngj

Ui da khiJn phia Thai Lan quan tam hon tdi vin dJ quan he giOa hai nuoc. Tir nua sau nhang nam 1955, mot chiSu huong moi rjt quan trong xuat hien trong quan he Thai Lan voi . Quae cho toi truoc cupc dio chinh nam 1957 o Thai Lan do chinh la v,ec thao luan chinh sach d6i ngoai rong mo vS thuong mai giira Thai Lan va Trung Quoc da, luc. Thang 12/1955. chinh pha Thai Lan cit mpt phai doan bi mat toi Bac Kinh de thamdo y dinh cua Trung Qu6c. TCr nua diu nam 1956 toi nam 1958, khach du ljch Thai Lan van to, Trung Quae: cac t6 chirc cua Trung Quae sip xSp nhiSu chuyen di it bi mat hon cua cac phai doan khang chinh thuc (nhu cac doan thuoTtg nghiep, doan cua cac vu cong, ca s, va diJn vien hai doan phong vien va mpt dpi bong ra). NhCmg chuyen di nay dupe co, nhu la mot phin ciia chinh sach ngoai giao nhan dan, dupe Vien cac van de doi ngoai nhan dan Trung Quae lai trg. Chu dj cua cac chuyin di dSu la hoa binh va hiiu nghj, gioi thieu ban chit nin hoa binh cua Trung Quae, ca ngpi nhirng thuan lpi khi Thai Lan co quan he tot voi Trung Quae va len an m8i quan he cua Thai Lan voi My. Cac phai doan nay deu dugc Chu An Lai tijp don. Tham chi, thang 1/1956, chu tjch Mao Trach Dang trong cupc tilp xuc vol mpt phai doan Thai Lan toi tham Bic Kinh da phat bilu ring "Chimg toi hi vpng CO thi thuc diy nhanh chong quan he giCra hai nuoc, sau do hai niroc co the thiet lap binh thuong hoa quan he ngoai giao. Dilu nay co thi thuc hien dugc khi cac dieu kien trong chimg ta dupe chip thuan. chung ta co thi chet dgi. Nguyen vpng cua chimg toi la mong hai nuoc tro thanh ban be cua nhau" va Trung Qudc dang y mua 20 trieu USD thuac la cua Thai Lan dl thi hien thien chi hCai nghi cita minh .

Tai Thai Lan, cupc ting tuyIn cir dupe tl chirc vao thang 2/1957 tai Thai Lan. Tuy nhien, nhimg cao huge trong gian lan biu cir nhim giup Phibunsongkhram tiep tuc nam quyin din toi bilu tinh o Bangkok. Vua Bhumibol cQng khang hai long vl tinh hinh chinh truong. Nguyen soai phat dgng mpt cupc dao chinh lat dl chinh phu duong nhiem vao thang 10/1958 va dua tro thanh thii tucmg lam thdi. Phan img ciia Trung Qulc trudc dao chinh d Thai Lan dugc coi la "'cong khai bd qua"^, tham chi "dai phat thanh va bao chi ciia Trung Qudc sau nhieu tuan im lang. tiep tuc viet ve cac su kien dien ra g Thai Lan gidng nhu nhirng each ma hg da tuyen truyen trong sudt hai nam", "cac su kien d mirc do nggai giao nhan dan van tiep tuc dien ra". Nhung nhCmg nd luc ciia ctia Trung Qudc nham tranh thii su iing ho ciia Thai Lan da cham dirt vao cuai niim i 958 khi ma chinh sach ngoai giao cua chinh quyen quan su d Thai

Michael R Cliambers (2005). "The Chinese and the Thais are Brothers; the evolution of Ihe Sino-Thai intniship". Journal of Contemporary Ciiina. 14(45). November 2005. p604 David A Wilson (1967). ' China. Thailand and the Spirit of Bandune (Part 111". Tlie China quarlerfly.96 (1967). p.IOO 11 183 TAP CMI KHOA HOC - 3D Tl/ZOIB "

Lan tra nen than thien hon voi My va lanh nhat voi Trung Qu6c. Trong nhOng nam 1960, quan he Thai Lan va Trung Qu6c giam xudng toi muc thip nhit boi Trung Quoc ung ho va thuc diy nhiing cuoc n6i day do Dang cpng san Thai Lan lanh d^o, trong khi do Thai Lan thi n6 Iuc dk than thiSt hon voi My nhim chdng iai m6i de doa tir Trung Quoc. Bcri vi My lOc nay dang tham chign tai Dong Ducmg va de dpa tdi Icri ich an ninh cua Trung Qu6c trong khu virc cho nen Tnmg Quoc da gia tang ling hp Dang cpng san Thai Lan khi chien tranh Viet Nam dang leo thang va su hop tac ciia Thai Lan vcri My cung da dugc cung co. Nam 1962, Hiep djnh Rush-Thanat giOa My va Thai Lan duoc ki ket thi cung la thai diSm Dai tiSng ndi nhan dan Thai Lan (VOPT) dugc khai truang d phia Nam Trung Quoc. Khi chien tranh leo thang d Viet Nam nam 1964-1965 vdi vai tro va su iing hp cua Thai Lan cho My. cung da dan tdi su ndi day vu trang cila luc lugng Dang cpng san Thai Lan nam 1965 dudi sir iing hd cua Trung Quoc va de dpa Thai Lan cd the trd thanh mot "'Viet Nam thli hai" neu nhu Thai Lan khdng dimg hgp tac vdi My'. Phia Trung Quoc cho rang viec ling hd su ndi day cua Dang cdng san Thai Lan chi nham muc dich de de dpa, trimg phat chinh phii Thai Lan vi vai tro ciia hp iing hd My trong cudc chien d Ddng Duong chir khong nham muc dich lat dd chinh phii Thai Lan. Su nghi ngd giti-a hai nude ve moi de dpa an ninh khu vuc tiep tuc tiep dien cho tdi nam 1969. Nam 1969, bdi canh the gidi va khu vuc Ddng A cd su thay ddi, tao ap luc khien cho Thai Lan phai danh gia lai quan he vdi Trung Quoc. Thay doi quan trgng nhat la su dieu chinh chien luge trong tam giac My-Trung Qudc-Lien Xd. Thay ddi dau tien la xung dot Trung Quoc va Lien Xd leo thang thanh dung dd vu trang. Tir nam 1965. Trung Qudc va Lien Xd da lien tuc md rdng luc lugng quan sir cua minh dpc theo dudng bien gidi chung. Cang thang giira hai nude gia tang trong giai doan Cach mang Van hda: den nam 1968-69. mdi ben da bd tri vai tram ngan quan dgc bien gidi. Dau nam 1968, mau thuan Trung-Xd bimg nd quanh cii lao Qilixin. d phia Trung Qudc cua ddng chinh song Ussuri, md man cho nhung xung dot vu trang dien rdng trong nam sau dd.Viec Lien Xd dua quan vao Tiep Khac vao thang 8-1968 da lam gia tang quan ngai ciia lanh dao Trung Qudc \e cac y do ciia Lien Xd. Khi nhtmg xung dot \u trang cang thang giiia cac luc lugng bien phdng Trung Qudc va Lien Xd bung nd vao thang 3/1969 tren cii lao Tran Bao (Lien Xo ggi la Damansky) gan bd sdng Ussuri. tinh hinh an ninh ciia Trung Qudc xau di thay rd Chang may chdc, xung dot bien gidi lan ra cac khu vuc khac khi cang thang gia tang dgc theo chieu dai bien gidi. Nhtmg vu viec do day Trung Qudc va Lien Xd tdi bd vuc ddi dau quan sir nghiem trgng. Sau su kien nay. Lien Xd dugc cho la mdi de dpa trudc mat ddi vdi

Michael R.Chambers (2005). "The Chinese and ihe Thais are Brothers the evoiuuon of the Sino-Thai fc'ieudship". Journal of Contemporary China. I4i45) \iuember 2005. p 605 ,gj II TRUiaNt; BAI HPC THLI BD HA NP^

Tran- Qudc chi khdng phai My. TiSp <16n la tai My, Richard Nixon da thing cir va trd thanh tdng thdng. Richard Nixon da cd nhung y dinh de tiep can vdi Trung Qudc nham no Iuc dua hai nude ciing budc vao mot mat tran thdng nhat nham chdng 1?, mo, de doa tu Lien Xd. Ddng thdi, tdng thdng Nixon trong tuyen bd thang 7/1969 khi tdi dao Guam da ii cap tdi viec rut quan khdi Viet Nam da lam diy len nhiing su khdng chac chan trong quan he an ninh ciia Thai Lan vdi My. Ngoai trudng Thai Lan Thanat Khoman da keu gpi nude nay giam su phu thudc vao My va tinh djn chuyen can bang quan he vdi cac cuong qudc khac, trong dd cd Trung Qudc va Lien Xd. Sau Dai hoi Dang cdng san Trung Quoc lin thli 9 vao thang 4/1969, giai doan can ban nhit ciia Cach mang Van hda cham dut. Chu An Lai quay trd lai vdi vi tri lanh dao chinh sach iJdi ngoai ciia Trung Qudc va viec danh gia lai quan he Trung Qudc - Thai Lan eung bit diu. Mdt mat, Trung Qudc bat tay vdi My, mat khac hp cung tim each thiic diy quan he cip nha nude vdi cac nude trong khu virc Dong Nam A: -Trung Qudc da nim liy ca hoi, xda di nhung bit ddng trong chinh sach doi ngoiii ciia minh do tu hrdng "cue ta" ciia each mang van hda gay ra, Trung Qudc danh gia lai chinh sach ciia minh vdi ASEAN...va theo dudi su phat trien trong quan he lang gieng va hiru nghi vdi cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A dua tren nam nguyen tic co ban vl chung sdng hda binh"'. Chi'nh sach nay ciia Trung Qudc sau do da giiip ho khdng chi binh thudng hda quan he vdi Thai Lan ma cdn thiSt lap dugc quan he ngoai giao vdi va .

d Thai Lan, trong khi ngoai trudng Thanat Khoman thiic giuc chinh phu Thai Lan giam cang thing trong quan he vdi Trung Qudc thi nhimg ngudi khac trong chinh phii, dimg diu la thii tudng Thanom Kittikachom va phd thu tudng Prapat Charusathien cho ring viec Trung Qudc vin iing ho Dang cdng san Thai Lan ndi day se de doa tdi an ninh Thai Lan. vii hai dng se chdng lai viec giam cang thing vdi Trung Qudc vi tin rang nhirng cam kit cua My van se danh cho Thai Lan mdt su dam bao ve an ninh trong nude cOng mdi de doa tir chil nghTa cdng san. Chinh su chia re nay trong ndi bd Thai Lan da khien cho lien trinh binh thucmg hda quan he Thai-Trung bi kim ham. Nhung rdi, su bien chuyen cua bdi canh the gidi dii thiic day Thai Lan hudng tdi viec thiel lap quan he vdi Trung Qudc. Dd la chuyen tham bi mat tdi Bac Kinh ciia ngoai trudng My Henry Kissinger vao thang 7/1971, la viec Lien hgp qudc ddng y bd phieu chap nhan Cdng hda nhan dan Trung Hoa thay the Dai Loan va chuyen tham ciia tong thdng Nixon tdi Bac Kinh vao thang 2/1972. Nham kiem soat lai chinh sach doi ngoai ciia Thai Lan, Ihii tudng Thanom Kittickachom da lien hanh cudc dao chinh. lat dd chinh phii cCia chinh minh vao giQa thang 11/1971, thiet

Michael R Chambers (2005). 'The Chinese and llie Thais are Brothers- the evolulion of the Sino-Thai friendship". Journal of Contemporary China 14(45). November 2005, p.606 II IBS TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SD H/ZPIB , U

quan luat .di dit nude va tu bd nhi«n minh giir vi tn" Bd tnrdng ngoai giao. Du Trung Qudc ichdng hai Jong voi su thay ddi nay d TTiai Un. nhung hg van tiep tuc giri di nhung thdng diep tich cue tdi Thai Lan, mpt trong sd do la viec Trung Quoc mdi Thai Lan cir mot doan van dong vien tdi tham dir giai bong ban chau A duyc td chtic a Bac Kinh vao thang 9 1972. Nhan thiic duoc vai trd to !dn ciia "ngoai giao bdng ban" trong viec md rdng quan he Tnmg Qudc-My, Thai Lan da chip nhan Idi mdi va cu Prasit Kanchanawat lam tnrdng doan. Prasit la mot quan chuc cap cao ciia Hpi ddng hanh phap qudc gia do quan dpi kiem soat phu trach van de kinh te. Trong cac cudc gap vdi lanh dao ctia Tmng Qudc gdm Thii trudng ngoai giao Han Niem Long va Thii tudng Chu An Lai, doan dai bieu cua Thai Lan do Prasit din dku da dupe thdng bao rang Trung Qudc ludn cd gang de tim kiem mdt mdi quan he hda binh vdi Thai Lan. \a. neu nhu Thai Lan chira san sang cho viec binh thudng hda quan he thi Tnmg Qudc ciing hoan toan thdng cam \ a hai nude van cd the thuc day trao doi \"an hoa \k thuang mai song pbuong . Lien quan tdi viec Tmng Qudc iing hg cac phong trao ndi da> do Dang cgng san Thai Lan lanh dao. phia Trung Qudc dam bao vdi Prasit rang phong trao ndi da\' la cdng viec ngi bp ciia Thai Lan, do chinh TTiai Lan giai quvet va Tnmg Quoc tdn trpng chu qujen, toM \"en lanh thd va khdng can thiep. Neu Dang cpng san Thai Lan yeu cau su trg giiip tiJ Dang cdng san Tmng Qudc. Tmng Qudc cd the ling hg \e mat tinh thin \a chi'nh tri ma thdi. Chinh quyen quan su Thai Lan chua san sang binh thudng hda quan he ngoai giao vdi Tnmg Qudc bdi \i hp van n^i ngd va chua thuc su tin tudng Trung Quoc nhung hp vin cho phep cac mdi quan he kinh te. van hda va the thao. Tnmg Qudc sau dd da mdi Thai Lan tdi tham du hdi chg thuang mai Canton va Prasit Kanchanawat dg din diu mdt phai doan doanh nhan Thai Lan tdi Canton (Quang Chau) vao thang 10/19~2. Hai thang trudc do, vao thang 8/1972. S5c lenh each mang sd 53 ma ban hanh lenh cam budn ban thuong mai \ di Trung Qudc tir nam 1959 da dugc sua ddi de cho phep budn ban thuang mai gitra hai chinh phu. Ciing thdi diem do. doan dai bieu Thai Lan tai Lien hgp qudc do Pot Sarasin din diu da gap Kieu Quin Hoa la Thli trudng ngoai giao \a trudng doan flat bieu Tmng Qudc tai Lien hgp qudc - da\ ia cudc gap dau tien giua quan chtic ciia hai bd ngoai giao Thai Lan \ a Tmng Qudc. Cudi cimg vao nam 19"'3. bang gia trong quan he hai nude da bi pha vd bdi chu\en tham ciia cac dgi ui\ en bdng ban Trung Qucc. Thang 6 1973. mdt doan the thao bdng ban cua Tnmg Qudc do Cheng Rui-sheng - .TI micmg \'u Ddng Nam A. ciia bg ngoai giao Tnmg Qudc- phu trach da tdi tham Thai Lan. Dieu nay da dugc chao ddn nong nhiet ciia ngudi Thai, dac biet la nhumg vi^^ri con chaj gcc Trjn^ Ouoc. Su than thien va than mat

Ndchisl R.Chamber5 (2005^ "J^.i Chir.^s.' and -j-t Ths.is are Brodiers ihe e\olii!ion of ihe Sino-Thai 6ieTnhhip~. Journal of Corjsrrrc-ar;. China. 1--^5 l."^o^en-.^l:^ 2005. p 60" .jj II TRUdNB B/M HOC THlIl Ba HA Nfll eOa cac v| khach Trung Qudc dS giup xoa diu nhitag lo ng^ v6 phia Thai Lan. Cae nha ngoai giao Thai Lan tilp tuc thao luta khong chinh thuc vci Cheng Rui-sheng, tham chi sau do, thii tmdng ngoai giao Thai Lan da mdi Cheng Ri^-sheng 5n tdi cimg Vdng dam phan tilp theo gifta Phan Wannamethi, Cue tnrimg eye chinh tn, ngucn da timg di cCmg doan cSu long tin Tnmg Qu6c thang 8/1973 ciing vdi ngu6i d6ng cSp la Cue tmtag cue Chau A ciia Bp ngoai giao Tnmg Qu6c. Cu«c khung hoang dau mo nam 1973 cung gop phJn tac dong t« quan h6 Thai Lan-Tnmg Qudc. Thai Lan la nu*: can hm ngu6n cung cip dJu m6, Tmng Qu6c d6ng y ban cho Thai Lan 50.000 tons v« gia hthi nghi. Phan ling tich eye nay cOa Tning Qulc da cSi thien Wnh inh cila nuoc niy vdn Thai Lan'trong giai doan chiln tranh liinh. Cac cuOc tilp xiic va trao dai dJ dupe n6i l?i va ti6n hanh thuimg xuyen hon trong nta 1974 va 1975. Ngay 16/2/1974, Tmng Quoc don tiep chuyin thta Clla bp tmtag qu6c phong Thii Lan trSii cuong w li chil tich Ciy ban Olympic cila Thai Lan. Tuy nhien, muc dich thitc su cua chuyen thta nay 14 M thao luln cac vin dl an ninh va chinh tti c6 lien quan din tinh hinh bin dao D6ng Duong. Dawee cQng thiia nhin ring ang ta "danh nhilu th&i gian thao lujn vl chinh tn hon la thio lujn vl thi thao"' vi thu tuong Chu An Lai di dam bio v6i Sng ting "Tmng Qulc da dtmg viic ung hp dii vdi cic phong trio n8i djy cua Ding cpng sin * Thdi Lan, Lao, vi cac nude Dang Nam A khac"^.

Cu0c bilu tinh thing 10/1973 ciia sinh vien Thai Lan da din t(W su sup da ciia chinh quyin quin su Thii Lan vi nuoc niy phai tl chile ting tuyIn cOr. Nam 1975, Thii Lan CO mOt chinh quyin din su mdi duoc thanh Up, ding diu li thu tirong . Chinh phti m6i tuyta be se n8 luc dl thilt lap quan he ngoji giao voi Tnmg Qu8c. Chmh Thii tu6ng Pramoj da dl nghi H^l vien Thii Lan ring Thii Lan n8n ma rpng quan h§ dii ngoai v6i Trung Qulc dl "cin bing inh huong giira cic si6u cucmg". Dilu nay da duQfC H? vien chip nh$n. DI chuan hi cho vi^c thiet lap quan h| ngoiii giao, mpt phii doin do d£li dien cua Thii Lan cr Lien hpp qulc va la d?i s6 ciia Thii Lan tai My da dupe phii sang Trung Qulc dl dam phin vl cang nh§n ngoai giao vao thing 6/l'975. Sau rit nhilu nd iuc vi ca ging cOa hai nude, h-ong chuyin thta clla thii tu6ng Thai Lan Kukrit Pramoj tdi Trung Qulc, ang ciing thu tucmg Tmng Quae Chu An Lai da ki kit tuySn bl chung giira hai nude vl thilt lip quan hS ngogi giao ngiy 1/7/1975. "TuySn bl chung vl thilt l|p quan h% ngoai giao Thii Lan-Tmng Qulc" dugc ki kit khang chi cang nhin nim nguygn tic co bin ve ctmg tin tai h6a binh, mi cdn t^io ra m^t su dta bio cd y nghia vl nhihig Ipi ich cit loi

MiciiacI R.Chanibers (2005), "The Chinese and flic Tiiais are Brothers; die evolulion of tlie Sino-Tliai iriendsllip", Journal of Contemporary China, 14(45). November 2005, p.608 "Thai Aide Reports China's Assurance On Red Insurgents", (17/2/1974) TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SD V/ZOtS J cua hai qudc gia, lam dgng luc cho xu hudng phat tri^n ciia quan he song phuang. Trong ldi md dau ciia ban thdng cao, hai nude khing djnh "mong mudn lam sdng lai va tang cudng hon nfla cac quan he hihi nghi va hc^ tac truyen thdng giua nhan dan hai nude, phii hgp vdi lgi ich va nguyen vgng chung ciia hai dan tgc", hai nude da "quyet dinh cdng nhan lln nhau va thi^t lap quan he ngoai giao ke tir ngay 1/7/1975". Thai Lan cam ket cdng nhan chinh sach "mgt Trung Quoc", coi Dai Loan chi la mgt phan lanh thd cua Trung Qudc va khing dinh rang "se nit tat ca nhan vien dai dien khdi Dai Loan trong vdng mgt thang ke tir ngay ki kit tuyen bd chung" vdi Trung Qudc. Ve phia Trung Qudc, nude nay tuyen bd khdng cdng nhan che do hai qudc tich va khang dinh rang "Hoa Kieu hoac nhirng ngudi Trung Qudc da cd qudc tich Thai Lan se tu dgng bi mat qudc tich Trung Qudc". Nhu vay. vdi 10 dieu khoan dugc ki ket trong Tuyen bd chung ve thiet lap quan he ngoai giao, ca Thai Lan va Trung Qudc da deu dat dugc muc tieu ciia minh. Ddi vdi Thai Lan. dd la su cdng nhan cua Trung Qudc ve cac cam ket ton trgng dgc lap, chu quyen va toan ven lanh thd, khdng xam luge va can thiep vao cdng viec ndi bg ciia Thai Lan. Van de qudc tich cCia ngudi Hoa cung da giiip Thai Lan gd bd dugc mdi lo ngai ve kha nang can thiep ciia Trung Qudc ddi vdi nhimg thay ddi trong chinh sach ve Hoa Kieu cd hai qudc tich. Ddi vdi Trung Qudc, su thira nhan "mdt Trung Quoc" cua Thai Lan se giiip hg cd dieu kien de thay the anh hudng ciia Dai Loan. Dac biet, ddi vdi hai nude khi tuyen bo "hai chinh phii ddng y rang tat ca nhimg am muu xam luge hoac lat dd ciia nude ngoai, hay nhimg nd luc ciia bat ki nude nao nham kiem soat nude khac ho§c can thiep vao cdng viec ngi bg ciia hg la khdng dugc phep va bi len an", va "hai chinh phti chdng lai toan tinh cua bat ki nude nao hoac mgt nhdm nude de thiet lap ba quyen hoac khu vuc anh hudng trong bat ki phan nao ciia the gidi" , ham y cua tuyen bd de 'Tan de" Lien Xd va Viet Nam - nhirng nude ma Trung Qudc tuyen truyen ta dang thuc hien chinh sach banh trudng d Ddng Duong va Ddng Nam A. Chinh dieu khoan nay se cung cap cac ca sd phap ly cho su hgp tac chat che giiia Thai Lan va Trung Qudc trong sudt qua trinh tdn tai cua van de Campuchia sau naj

4. KET LUAN

Cd the ndi, viec thiet lap quan he ngoai giao vao nam 1975 da duoc Thai Lan va Trung Qudc chao ddn rat nhieu va hai nude coi su kien nhu la su chia lia trong quan he gia dinh nay da dugc han gan trd lai. Su kien nay da md ra mgt trang mdi trong quan he giiia Thai Lan va Trung Qudc, cham dut gan ba thap ki ve co ban la ddi dau va thii dich giua hai

Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Reialions Between the Kingdom of Thailand and the People's Republic of China (1975). http'/203.146.18.33.'getdoc a6e2ef2d-491c-48b5-8994- fr75809054e: FN-page-3_l-7-1975.aspx 188 TRUdNlj BAI HOC THIj BO HA NOI

nude. Thli tuong Kukrit Pramoj ciing chinh phu cua ong chi t6n tai trong 272 ngay ngSn ngui nhimg di san ngoai giao trong viec thiSt lap va that chat quan he vai Trung Quoc la mot thanh qua vo cung y nghia. Ke tir sau Ichi thi8t l|p quan he ngoai giao, hang loat nhiing chuyen tham vieng lan nhau ciia lanh dao hai nude, nhung moi lien he va sir tham van than tinh gitra hai nude d cac dien dan da phirong dS dam bao cho tien do on dinh va dai h^n trong quan he giua Thai Lan va Trung Quoc.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1 Le Thi Anh 0ao, Duong Thi Anh Tuyet (2012), "Siam uong m6i quan he vdi Trung Qu6c va Nhat Ban thi l

THE PROCESS OF NORMALIZATION OF THE DIPLOMATIC RELATION BETWEEN THAILAND AND CHINA

Abstracl The year 1975 Is marked as the year of establtshmeni formal diplomatic re mon between Thailand and China The establishment of dlplomaltc relation ended almost three decades of hostility and antagonism, and opened a new chapter in Thai- Chinese relation. However this process did not come easily because there had been ZllT "T """ T" '" *" '•"'"'""' '•""''" "" ""> governments before the normalLation. Thts articles reviews Ihe relationship between Thailand and China ,n

,»o7ou°!ne!°'""' °" "" """''' «t»»<«"ll--ation of diplomatic relation between Ihe

tit'nJ/f""- '"'••"'"•'-'"""" '"""""• "«'"""'°''. tortnall.atlon of diplomatic