DOCSLIB.ORG

A. Joy Demoskoff

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A. Joy Demoskoff Penance and Punishment: Monastic Incarceration in Imperial Russia by A. Joy Demoskoff A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics University of Alberta © A. Joy Demoskoff, 2016 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the practice of public penance as a way of thinking about the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian state during the imperial period. Public penance has a long tradition in the history of the Eastern Church and often took the form of performing monastic labour while undergoing seclusion in a monastery. In imperial Russia, this religious practice became conflated with the state’s incarceration of individuals in monastery prisons for the purpose of social control. The sources for this dissertation include imperial and canon law, the teachings on penance in the church journals and newspapers of the time, and the correspondence between the monastery abbot, the local bishop, the Holy Synod and the provincial and imperial state authorities. Focusing on the Nicolaevan era (1825-1855) as the period in which the practice peaked, a case study of the prison facility at Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery in Vladimir Diocese demonstrates the variety of circumstances to which public penance was applied. Religious dissidents from among the peasantry were confined at Spaso-Evfimiev in the hopes that they could be converted. Noblemen guilty of violent murders or crimes against the state were incarcerated there instead of being exiled to Siberia. Priests and monks who were considered insane were confined among the prisoners as well, along with those who had dishonoured their clerical position in some way. Monastic incarceration was a disciplinary measure applied to unusual incidents and the Russian Orthodox Church cooperated with the imperial state in the care and treatment of these individuals. By exploring the material conditions of life in a monastery prison, this dissertation reveals the extent to which authority over church affairs was worked ii out in day-to-day negotiations. Sometimes the church served the state’s goals, sometimes it acted in accordance with its own teachings and values, and much of the time the church and state had a shared understanding of the close relationship between sin and crime. Neither side consistently dominated the other, but rather, they cooperated in the process of imposing penance and punishment on the offending individuals. iii DEDICATION For Jeremy Thanks for making this possible. I am glad we walked this way together. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is a great pleasure to recognize the debts of gratitude I have acquired over the course of this work. Heather Coleman is an outstanding supervisor. Her guidance has been thoughtful and thorough, her scholarship inspiring, and her generosity of spirit unstinting. I am deeply grateful. My defence committee also shaped my experience at the University of Alberta in meaningful ways. My thanks to Ryan Dunch, John-Paul Himka, David Marples, and Natalie Kononenko for engaging this work and also to Roy Robson at Penn State Abington for serving as external reader. Willi Braun, Dennis Sweeney, Frances Swyripa, Scott Kenworthy and Gregory Freeze also offered questions and criticisms that shaped my methodology. Over the course of my educational journey I have had more than my fair share of excellent teachers. In addition to Heather Coleman, Ryan Dunch, John-Paul Himka and David Marples at the University of Alberta, Beverly Lemire’s course on the rise of a consumer culture stimulated my interest in material history and laid the groundwork for much of this project. At Queen’s University, Christine Johanson introduced me to Russian history and Robert Shenton and Timothy Smith helped me to think about it comparatively. At Crandall University, Daniel Goodwin and Dennis Bustin introduced me to historical thinking and set me on this path. I thought then and I think now, “I want to do what they do!” I am also indebted to the expertise (and kindness!) of librarians and archivists in Canada, the United States and Russia. Particularly deserving of mention are the wonderful staff of the Slavic Library at the University of Illinois, Urbana- Champagne, Marina Viacheslavovna Talbaeva at the State Archive of Vladimir v Province, and the amazing services for distance students at the University of Alberta libraries. Aleksandr and Elena Kalmykov made me feel at home in St. Petersburg and Galina and Anya Korovko did the same in Vladimir. Funding was provided by the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, the Faculty of Arts and Science and the Department of History and Classics at the University of Alberta and by the Briercrest Faculty Competitive Research Fund at Briercrest College and Seminary. The administration at Briercrest has consistently supported my somewhat clumsy efforts to balance the preparation of new courses, a dissertation and the life of a young mother. Special thanks to Don Taylor, Cal Macfarlane, Wes Olmstead, and Brian Gobbett for assisting me in this process. Finally, there are many people who have invested in my sanity throughout this process. Rhoda Cairns, Barb Elich, Alan Guenther, David and Tenyia Miller, Lori Peters, Grant Poettcker, Glenn Runnalls, Susan Wendel, and Matthew Zantingh were participants in critical conversations that shaped my work. I am so thankful for their collegiality and friendship. My thanks also to the Miller, Poettcker, Wiensz, and Zantingh clans for sharing this stage of life with our family. Rebecca Carter-Chand, Deborah Shadd and Giselle Tranquilla have made my life look normal even though it may not technically be so. My in-laws, Fred and Eileen Demoskoff, have been loving and supportive and have provided much-needed childcare at crucial moments! My parents, Mark and Bonnie Jamer, and my brother, John Jamer, have shaped and nourished my happiness more than they could ever realize. Jeremy, Samuel and Alexander Demoskoff are great adventurers. I am delighted to journey with them. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................ ii Dedication ........................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. v Table of Contents ............................................................................................... vii Tables ................................................................................................................ viii Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: Church and State in Imperial Russia: Living the Relationship ....... 17 Church and State .......................................................................................... 17 Methodology ................................................................................................ 32 Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery ......................................................................... 47 Chapter II: To Heal or Punish: Prescribing Penance in Church and State Law ................................................................ 61 Monastic Authority in Russian History ...................................................... 63 Canon Law ................................................................................................... 74 State Law ..................................................................................................... 85 Chapter III: Writing Penance: Negotiating Authority in the Confessional State ............................................................ 107 The History of Penance ............................................................................. 109 The Pastoral Literature .............................................................................. 116 Managing the Clergy ................................................................................. 137 Chapter IV: State Criminals in the Monastery ................................................ 162 Controlling Crime ...................................................................................... 163 Penance in the Army and Navy ................................................................. 177 Incarcerating Violent Criminals ................................................................ 179 Crimes Against the State ........................................................................... 180 Chapter V: Cooperation between Church and State ....................................... 190 Religious Dissent ....................................................................................... 192 Caring for the Insane ................................................................................. 201 Confining Violence.................................................................................... 212 Chapter VI: Complaints and Concerns in a Monastery Prison....................... 221 Historiography ........................................................................................... 222 Material Goods .......................................................................................... 225 Food Consumption .................................................................................... 236 Deprivations ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Monasteries
    Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Monasteries Atlas of Whether used as a scholarly introduction into Eastern Christian monasticism or researcher’s directory or a travel guide, Alexei Krindatch brings together a fascinating collection of articles, facts, and statistics to comprehensively describe Orthodox Christian Monasteries in the United States. The careful examina- Atlas of American Orthodox tion of the key features of Orthodox monasteries provides solid academic frame for this book. With enticing verbal and photographic renderings, twenty-three Orthodox monastic communities scattered throughout the United States are brought to life for the reader. This is an essential book for anyone seeking to sample, explore or just better understand Orthodox Christian monastic life. Christian Monasteries Scott Thumma, Ph.D. Director Hartford Institute for Religion Research A truly delightful insight into Orthodox monasticism in the United States. The chapters on the history and tradition of Orthodox monasticism are carefully written to provide the reader with a solid theological understanding. They are then followed by a very human and personal description of the individual US Orthodox monasteries. A good resource for scholars, but also an excellent ‘tour guide’ for those seeking a more personal and intimate experience of monasticism. Thomas Gaunt, S.J., Ph.D. Executive Director Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) This is a fascinating and comprehensive guide to a small but important sector of American religious life. Whether you want to know about the history and theology of Orthodox monasticism or you just want to know what to expect if you visit, the stories, maps, and directories here are invaluable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Issue of Antitrinitarianism in the Fifteenth-Century Novgorod- Moscow Movement: Analysis and Evaluation
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2000 The Issue of Antitrinitarianism in the Fifteenth-Century Novgorod- Moscow Movement: Analysis and Evaluation Oleg Zhigankov Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the History of Christianity Commons, Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Zhigankov, Oleg, "The Issue of Antitrinitarianism in the Fifteenth-Century Novgorod-Moscow Movement: Analysis and Evaluation" (2000). Dissertations. 172. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/172 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMi films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • I Merry Christmas Happy Dew Year
    THE LOWELL LEDGER. fNDEI TOL. XII, NO. 27 LARGEST CIRCULATION. LOWELL, MICHIGAN, THURSDAV. DECEMBER 32, 1904 BEST LOCAL PAPER. OFFICIAL PAPER BLUED THE ROAD WILL GIVE AWAY VEK DICT OF TilK COKON EH S A FINE $35 00 CHAMPION Its Financial Strength Jl'llY OS THE ELMDALE SEWING MACHINE WRECK- Only Two Days More To the Lady Who (lets the Most Your attention li dlrocted to tht* UHmpR of tho Votes In This Cosiest. follovtlng well known lniRiiu'ttfi men who conduot Person RcapouslMe for Wreck Wot Mamed. V''8, THE LKDOKK IK going to om- "Imi another voting content, and To make your Christmas shopping the last few The coroner's Jury which Investi- tliin time the prize will be a CIIMIII- The City Bank, Hill, Watts A Co. gated the lOlmdale wreck rendered t'L"ii No. I'o sewing machine, IIIHII^ days are so filled with hurry aud excitement that shop- the following verdict: •'That the said by IIH* New Home Sewing Machin.' ping- is not so pleasant as early buying-. John L. Siulth'adeath, who died at ••ompany. OKTON HII.L, Proslilent, Lowell. Midi. * the Butterworth hospital Nov. 17, I • has a full sW of attachmentx. We shall have our stock well arranged, plenty of W. A. WATTS, Owhler. Lowell. Mich. 1!HM, at Grand KapIdH, county of fom-Hldedrawein, large center draw, help, and shall endeavor to make yoiir buying at our T. H. GlI.KBY. CnpitHlisl, Klehlnnil. Mich. Kent, Michigan, wan the result ofan ••r. ilrop leaf and cover; and the re^. store pleasant and renumerative.
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Woolf's Reading Notes on Russian Literature
    APPENDICES Virginia Woolf’s Reading Notes on Russian Literature Transcribed and Edited by Roberta Rubenstein APPENDIX A Reading Notes on Dostoevsky’s The Possessed1 31 Dostoevsky. The Possessed 8 violence 9 ‘hate’ & love.2 the love of revelation & confession; 25 a society as the God.3 Ideas that strike them on the head. 1 Reading Notebook 14. Holograph. RN1.14. The Berg Collection. Contents of the notebook relate to what was eventually published as the essay, “Phases of Fiction” (1929). Pages numbered by Woolf, are 31, 32, 33, and 34. Transcription published with permission of the Estate of Virginia Woolf and the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. A single loose, unnumbered page of Woolf’s notes on The Possessed, which overlaps significantly with page 31 of Reading Notebook 14, appears in Reading Notebook 46. At the top of the page is a crossed-out heading, “Turgenev— Lear of the Steppes,” beneath which Woolf wrote, “Dostoevsky The Possessed.” Holograph MH/ B2.n, Monks House Papers. Transcription published with permission of the Estate of Virginia Woolf and Monks House Papers, University of Sussex. As Brenda Silver observes, “Given the large amount of reading, rereading, writing, and revising that Woolf did for [The Common Reader, Second Series, “Phases of Fiction,” and several other projects], it is not surprising that her notes from this period are scattered among several notebooks . .” (Virginia Woolf’s Reading Notebooks 215–16). Passages cited in Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Possessed: A Novel in Three Parts, are from Constance Garnett’s translation from the Russian (New York: Macmillan, 1916).
    [Show full text]
  • Summer-Folk : Datchniki, Scenes from Life
    oet Hore ipiaps; SUMMER FOLK (DATCHNIKI) MAXIM GORKI Richard G. Badger, Publisher, Bosto n LIBRARY 'INIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE VOLUME XVI AUTUMN 1905 NUMBER III ^SUMMER-FOLK* [DATCHNIKI] Scenes from Life By Maxim Gorki Translated from the Russian by Aline Delano DRAMATIS PERSON/E Serguey Vassilievitch Bassoff, Lawyer, 40. Varvara Michailovna, his wife, 27. Kaleria, his sister, 29. Vlass, brother of Bassoff's wife, 25. Piotr Ivanovitch Sussloff, Civil Engineer, 42. Yulia Fillipovna, his wife, 30. Kyrill Akimovitch Dudakoff, Physician, 40. Olga Alekseyevna, his wife, 35. Iakov Petrovitch Shalimoff, Author, 40. Pavel Sergueyevitch Rumin, 32. Marya Lvovna, Physician, 37. Semion Semionytch Dvoetchie [Colon], Susslofs uncle, 55. Nikalay Petrovitch Zamysloff, Bassofs junior partner, 28. Zimin, a student, 23. Pustobaika [Talker], First Watchman, 50. Kropilkin, Second Watchman. Sasha, Bassoff' s Maid-Servant. * Copyright, 1905, by Aline Delano (0 SUMMER-FOLK A woman with a bandaged cheek. Mr. Seminoff. A lady in a yellow gown A young man in a plaid suit ( Theatrical in blue A young lady ( Amateurs A young lady in pink A Cadet A gentleman in a tall hat Scene : A Country place near St. Petersburg. Time : The Present. Act I. A Summer room in Bassofli's country-house. Act II. A Field in front of the house. Act III. A Glade in the Forest. Act IV. Same as Act II. ACT I Bassofs' Country-house. A large room which is both parlor and dining-room. In the rear, to the left, an open door leading to Bassoff's study, to the right, a door into his THEwife's bed-room.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Standardized Chapel Library Project' Lists
    Standardized Library Resources: Baha’i Print Media: 1) The Hidden Words by Baha’u’llah (ISBN-10: 193184707X; ISBN-13: 978-1931847070) Baha’i Publishing (November 2002) A slim book of short verses, originally written in Arabic and Persian, which reflect the “inner essence” of the religious teachings of all the Prophets of God. 2) Gleanings from the Writings of Baha’u’llah by Baha’u’llah (ISBN-10: 1931847223; ISBN-13: 978-1931847223) Baha’i Publishing (December 2005) Selected passages representing important themes in Baha’u’llah’s writings, such as spiritual evolution, justice, peace, harmony between races and peoples of the world, and the transformation of the individual and society. 3) Some Answered Questions by Abdul-Baham, Laura Clifford Barney and Leslie A. Loveless (ISBN-10: 0877431906; ISBN-13 978-0877431909) Baha’i Publishing, (June 1984) A popular collection of informal “table talks” which address a wide range of spiritual, philosophical, and social questions. 4) The Kitab-i-Iqan Book of Certitude by Baha’u’llah (ISBN-10: 1931847088; ISBN-13: 978:1931847087) Baha’i Publishing (May 2003) Baha’u’llah explains the underlying unity of the world’s religions and the revelations humankind have received from the Prophets of God. 5) God Speaks Again by Kenneth E. Bowers (ISBN-10: 1931847126; ISBN-13: 978- 1931847124) Baha’i Publishing (March 2004) Chronicles the struggles of Baha’u’llah, his voluminous teachings and Baha’u’llah’s legacy which include his teachings for the Baha’i faith. 6) God Passes By by Shoghi Effendi (ISBN-10: 0877430209; ISBN-13: 978-0877430209) Baha’i Publishing (June 1974) A history of the first 100 years of the Baha’i faith, 1844-1944 written by its appointed guardian.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside and Around the Kremlin's Black Box
    Inside and Around the Kremlin’s Black Box: The New Nationalist Think Tanks in Russia Marlène Laruelle STOCKHOLM PAPER October 2009 Inside and Around the Kremlin’s Black Box The New Nationalist Think Tanks in Russia Marlène Laruelle Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden ww.isdp.eu Inside and Around the Kremlin’s Black Box: The New Nationalist Think Tanks in Rus- sia is a Stockholm Paper published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy. The Stockholm Papers Series is an Occasional Paper series addressing topical and timely issues in international affairs. The Institute is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and cooperates closely with research centers worldwide. The Institute is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy- watchers, business leaders, and journalists. It is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion. This publication is kindly made possible by support from the Swedish Ministry for For- eign Affairs. The opinions and conclusions expressed are those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute for Security and Development Policy or its sponsors. © Institute for Security and Development Policy, 2009 ISBN: 978-91-85937-67-7 Printed in Singapore Distributed in Europe by: Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden Tel. +46-841056953; Fax.
    [Show full text]
  • Church Bulletin Russian Orthodox Church “St
    “КРАСНОЕ СОЛНЫШКО” “SUNSHINE” CHURCH BULLETIN RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH “ST. VLADIMIR”, HOUSTON MAY, 2009 BELIEVE AND REJOICE! Feast of the Sunday of Thomas (Thomas Sunday) The Sunday after Pascha is the Sunday of St. Thomas, also known as Second Sunday or Antipascha ("opposite" Pascha, i.e., at the other end of Bright Week). Historically, this day in the early Church was the day that the newly-baptized Christians removed their robes and entered once again into the life of this world. The Orthodox Church dedicates every Sunday of the year to the Lord's Resurrection starting on this Sunday, the eighth day of the paschal celebration, the last day of Bright Week. Biblical Story The events commemorated on the Sunday of Thomas are recorded in the Gospel of Saint John 20:19-29. Following the crucifixion and burial of Christ, the disciples were gathered in a room with the doors closed and locked for fear of the Jews. On the evening of the Sunday after Passover, Jesus Christ entered the room and stood in their midst, greeting them with the words, “Peace be with you.” (v. 19) He showed the disciples his hands, feet, and side. (v. 20) Thomas was not present with the disciples when Jesus appeared, and he did not accept the testimony of the other disciples concerning Christ’s Resurrection. He stated, “Unless I see the mark of the nails in his hands and put my finger in the mark of the nails and my hand in his side, I will not believe.” (v. 24-25) Eight days later, the disciples were gathered together again with Thomas present, and the Lord appeared in the same manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Italians and the New Byzantium: Lombard and Venetian Architects in Muscovy, 1472-1539
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2014 Italians and the New Byzantium: Lombard and Venetian Architects in Muscovy, 1472-1539 Ellen A. Hurst Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/51 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] ITALIANS AND THE NEW BYZANTIUM: LOMBARD AND VENETIAN ARCHITECTS IN MUSCOVY, 1472-1539 by ELLEN A. HURST A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Art History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 ELLEN A. HURST All Rights Reserved This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Art History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor James M. Saslow Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Claire Bisop Date Executive Officer Professor James M. Saslow Professor Jennifer Ball Professor Warren Woodfin Supervision Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Italians and the New Byzantium: Lombard and Venetian Architects in Muscovy, 1472-1539 by Ellen A. Hurst Advisor: Professor James M. Saslow This dissertation explores how early modern Russian identity was shaped by the built environment and, likewise, how the built environment was a result of an emerging Russian identity.
    [Show full text]
  • January 1941 Our • 0- Erna Lona WORLD WAR 11-1940-41 1
    =========== January 1941 our • 0- erna lona WORLD WAR 11-1940-41 1. Collapse of Bourgeois Democracy By George Stern 2. March of Military Events By Joseph Hansen 3. U.S. Imperialism Grasps Its Destiny By William F. Warde 4. The Crisis in the Soviet Union By John G. Wright A NEW GREAT WRITER • . By Leon Trotsky OUR LENIN . • . The Editors .================Twenty Centl weeks - of - the - APPEAL - and - a. - copy - of - F,. I. - for - 250. Manager·s Column FOURTH INTERNATIONAL campaign. That way we get the I vblished by the F01trth InternationaZ Publishing Association F. I. into APPEAL buyers' hands. We hope to build up a We hope the speed and reg­ Volume II January 1941 No.1 (Whole No.8) F. 1. sale that way." Montana writes: "Had good luck this time ularity with which recent suc­ 116 University Place, New York, N. Y. Telephone: .AilI'ODQUI.n "854.1. cessive issues of FOURTH IN. Subaorlption rates: $2.00 per year: bUDdIes, 14e for 5 coptee and up. selling the F. 1. It was very Canada and Foretan: '2.110 per year; bood1. 160 for IS copies and up. good. Sold three to Stalinists; TERNATIONAL have come off Entered as second-clasa matter Kay 20, 19,m, at the post oflfice at New the press haVEl not been lost upon York, N. Y., under the Act of Marcb 8. 1879. one of them said the APPE'AL our reading public. The deter­ Editorial Board: and F. 1. were the only revolu­ .TAMES P. CANNON .TOSEPH HANSEN mination of the staff to stabilize ALBERT GOLDMAN FELIX MORROW tionary papers that were left." the publication dates of the ma­ WILUAM F.
    [Show full text]
  • THE FALL of ORTHODOX ENGLAND the Spiritual Roots of the Norman Conquest, 1043-1087
    THE FALL OF ORTHODOX ENGLAND The Spiritual Roots of the Norman Conquest, 1043-1087 Vladimir Moss © Vladimir Moss, 2007 FOREWORD ................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION: ENGLAND AND THE CONTINENT ...................................6 The Beginning of the End .......................................................................................6 The Rise of the Heretical Papacy .........................................................................8 The Growth of Feudalism....................................................................................11 The English Monarchy..........................................................................................16 Rome and the Holy Roman Empire....................................................................20 The Papal Reform Movement .............................................................................24 The Rise of the Normans......................................................................................28 The Challenge Facing the English.......................................................................30 1. SAINT EDWARD THE CONFESSOR (1043-1066)...........................................31 Early Years.............................................................................................................31 Years in Exile .........................................................................................................34 Edward the King....................................................................................................36
    [Show full text]
  • From Fact to Farce
    FROM FACT TO FARCE THE REALITY BEHIND BULGAKOV’S BLACK SNOW A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Erin K Kahoa December, 2015 FROM FACT TO FARCE THE REALITY BEHIND BULGAKOV’S BLACK SNOW Erin K Kahoa Thesis Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor School Director Mr. James Slowiak Dr. John Thomas Dukes _______________________________ _______________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the College Mr. Adel Migid Dr. Chand Midha _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Mr. Durand Pope Dr. Chand Midha _______________________________ Date ii DEDICATION To Kate, who knew who Bulgakov was before I got the chance to hurl my knowledge at her. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work would not exist without my Advisor, James Slowiak, members of my committee, Durand Pope and Dr. Don “Doc” Williams, my faculty reader, Adel Migid, and those I tirelessly harangued for edits and revisions: Dr. Steven Hardy, Linda L Kahoa, Becky McKnight and Emily Sutherlin. Also, a special thank you to Mikhail Bulgakov for being so dang interesting. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. PURPOSE AND METHODS OF RESEARCH ...............................................................1 II. THE HISTORY OF THE MOSCOW ART THEATRE .................................................4 III. THE LIFE OF BULGAKOV .......................................................................................20
    [Show full text]