Turk J Zool 27 (2003) 301-317 © TÜB‹TAK
Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Egg Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey*
Erhan KOÇAK Ministry of Agriculture, Central Plant Protection Research Institute, 06172 Ankara - TURKEY Neflet KILINÇER Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 06610 Ankara - TURKEY
Received: 31.12.2002
Abstract: The egg batches with parasitoids of the sunn pest Eurygaster sp. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) were collected to determine the egg parasitoid Trissolcus species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) of the pest from cereal areas in Turkey. In total, eight Trissolcus species, namely T. simoni Mayr, T. vassilievi Mayr, T. semistriatus Nees, T. grandis Thompson, T. manteroi Kieffer, T. pseudoturesis Rjachovsky, T. rufiventris Mayr and T. djadetshko Rjachovsky, are recognized. T. djadetshko Rjachovsky and T. manteroi Kieffer are new species for the Turkish fauna. The species are described and an identification key is provided.
Key Words: Trissolcus, Egg Parasitoid, Taxonomy, Sunn Pest, Turkey.
Türkiye’de Süne (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.) Yumurta Parazitoidi Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Türleri Üzerinde Taksonomik Çal›flmalar
Özet: Süne (Eurygaster sp.) yumurta parazitoidi Trissolcus türlerini belirlemek amac› ile Türkiye genelinde parazitlenmifl olan Süne yumurta paketleri toplanm›flt›r. Toplam olarak sekiz adet Trissolcus türü belirlenmifltir: T. simoni Mayr, T. vassilievi Mayr, T. semistriatus Nees, T. grandis Thompson, T. manteroi Kieffer, T. pseudoturesis Rjachovsky, T. rufiventris Mayr ve T. djadetshko Rjachovsky. Bu türlerden T. djadetshko Rjachovsky ve T. manteroi Kieffer Türkiye faunas› için yeni kay›tt›r. Bu türlerin tan›mlar› yap›lm›fl ve teflhis anahtar› haz›rlanm›flt›r.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Trissolcus, Yumurta Parazitoidi, Taksonomi, Süne, Türkiye
Introduction are not for clarifying identification, but are just The sunn pest is the most destructive pest in the descriptions. According to Masner (1958), the main part cereal fields in Turkey. Against the pest, the most of Telenominae was described in the 19th century but the effective biological control agents are egg parasitoids, descriptions reported by Walker, Westwood, Haliday, Trissolcus spp. (Brown, 1962; Safavi, 1968; Yüksel, Nees, Ratzeburg, Foerster and Thomson are not 1968; Barbulescu, 1971; Popov and Paulian, 1971; completely correct. In addition, studies publish at the Lodos, 1982). same time caused many synonyms to be created. Additional studies have made this subject wery Many studies have been carried out worldwide about complicated. Kononova (1995) stated that T. grandis and the systematics and taxonomy of parasitoids (Masner, T. semistriatus had the same morphological characters. 1958; Delucchi, 1961; Masner, 1964; Voegele, 1965; With this study, which first focused on the sister species Javahery, 1968; Kozlov, 1968; Safavi, 1968; Masner, T. grandis and T. semistriatus , certain differences 1976; Kozlov and Kononova, 1983; Johnson, 1985a, b; between these and other species are presented along with Kononova, 1995). However, their titles reveal that they an identification key.
* Based partly on the PhD thesis of Erhan Koçak, completed in 2001 and supervised by Neflet K›l›nçer.
301 Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Egg Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey
Materials and Methods (Figure 1h). Femur dark brown or black, except The main material for this study is Trissolcus spp., the apical, which is yellow. External side of which are egg parasitoids of the sunn pest. In order to posterior tibiae of male dark brown . . . . . . . . . obtain the parasitoids, 2493 egg batches with parasitoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. simoni Mayr of the sunn pest were collected from the cereal areas of - Surface of scutellum smooth and shiny (Figure 39 provinces between April and June in Turkey in 1998- 2d). First flagellar segment of male 2.5 times 1999. A total of 24,210 samples (4576 and 19,628¶) longer than its width and 1.3 times longer than were supplied. pedicel (Figure 2h). Coxae black, other A Leica MZ 9.5 stereomicroscope was used to identify segments reddish yellow. Wings of male the specimens and take wing photographs. A Leo 435 extremely long . . . . . . . . . T. vassilievi Mayr scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to take 3 Femur dark brown or black . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 photographs of the body organs having taxonomic importance such as the head, antennae, thorax and - Femur reddish yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 abdomen. 4 Postmarginal vein 2 times longer than stigmal vein For the identification, Kieffer (1926), Masner (1958), . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Delucchi (1961), Safavi (1968), Kozlov and Kononova - Postmarginal vein 1.2 times longer than (1983) and Kononova (1995) were followed. For the stigmal vein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 synonyms, hosts and world distribution, Kozlov and 5 First flagellar segment of male 2 times longer than Kononova (1983) were used, and for the terminology its width and 1.5 times longer than pedicel (Figure and morphological characters, with slight modifications, 3h). First flagellar segment of female 4 times Masner (1980) was used. In addition, the identification longer than its basal width and 3 times longer than studies were carried out personally together with Prof. its apical width (Figure 3b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dr. Svetlana Kononova (Institute of Zoology of the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. semistriatus Nees National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine) and the results were checked. - First flagellar segment of male 1.5 times longer than its width and slightly longer than pedicel (Figure 4h). First flagellar segment of Results female 2-2.5 times longer than its width Eight Trissolcus species, T. simoni Mayr, T. vassilievi (Figure 4b) . . . . . . . . . T. grandis Thomson Mayr, T. semistriatus Nees, T. grandis Thompson, T. 6 Coxae, trochanters and femurae black, tibiae manteroi Kieffer (new species for Turkey), T. brownish yellow. Longitudinal striates on second pseudoturesis Rjachovsky, T. rufiventris Mayr and T. tergit of abdomen as long as 1/3 of tergit (Figure djadetshko Rjachovsky (new species for Turkey), were 5h). First flagellar segment of female 1.8 times determined. The identification key, descriptions, longer than its width but equal to pedicel (Figures synonyms, and worldwide and Turkish distributions are 5c, d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. manteroi Kieffer as follows: 7 Scutum roughly punctuated and reticulated with longitudinal striates (Figure 6c). First flagellar Key to Trissolcus species segment of male 2 times longer than its width and 1.5 times longer than pedicel but equal or shorter 1 Notauli present and lower part of metapleuron than second flagellar segment (Figure 6h). Coxae pubescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 black, other segments reddish yellow . . . . . . . . - Notauli absent and lower part of metapleuron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. pseudoturesis Rjachovsky not pubescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 - Scutum punctuated and reticulated, without 2 Surface of scutellum finely reticulated (Figure 1e). longitudinal striates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 First flagellar segment of male 2.2 times longer 8 Thin and longitudinal striates on second tergit of than its width and 1.5 times longer than pedicel abdomen as long as 1/4 of tergit (Figure 7g). First
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2 flagellar segments of male equal to each other pubescent (Figure 1e). Length of forewing 2.2 times and 1.5 times longer than their width (Figure 7h). more than its greatest width. Postmarginal vein 2 times Postmarginal vein 1.7 times longer than stigmal longer than stigmal vein. Submarginal and marginal veins vein (Figure 7f) . . . . . . . . . . T. rufiventris Mayr together 1.4 times longer than postmarginal (Figure 1f). - Strong and longitudinal striates on second Abdomen wider than thorax. First and second abdominal abdominal tergit as long as 3/5 of the tergit tergits strongly striated longitudinally. Striates on second (Figure 8g). First 2 flagellar segments of male tergit as long as 4/5 of the tergit (Figure 1g). equal to each other and 2 times longer than their Male: Very similar to female but differs in having 12- width (Figure 8h). Postmarginal vein 2 times segmented antennae and posterior and scarcely median longer than stigmal vein (Figure 8e) . . . . . . . . . tibiae, of which external sides are dark brown. First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T.djadethsko Rjachovsky flagellar segment 2.2 times longer than its width and 1.5 times longer than pedicel. Second flagellar segment 2.5 times longer than its width and slightly longer than first Species’ Descriptions flagellar segment (Figure 1h). Trissolcus simoni Mayr Length: 1.1-1.3 mm Synonyms: Material examined: Adana 62 , 204 ¶; Afyon 34 , Telenomus simoni Mayr, 1897 176¶; Aksaray 29 , 63 ¶; Ankara 2 , 6 ¶; Antalya 14 , Asolcus scutellaris Masner, 1958 96¶; Ayd›n 6¶; Bal›kesir 30, 196¶; Burdur 33, 113¶; Bursa 53 , 148 ¶; Çanakkale 23 , 110 ¶; Çank›r› 10 , Microphanurus vassilievi Viktorov, 1960 86¶; Çorum 1 , 17 ¶; Denizli 22 , 174 ¶; Edirne 19 , Microphanurus simoni subsp. reticulatus Delucchi, 69¶; Hatay 141, 768¶; Isparta 2, 20¶; ‹çel 64, 335¶; 1961 ‹zmir 8, 82¶; Kahramanmarafl 7, 124¶; Karaman 9, Asolcus reticulatus Delucchi, 1963 89¶; K›rklareli 30 , 22¶; Konya 11 , 62¶; Mu¤la 37 , 92¶; Sakarya 38, 108¶; Tekirda¤ 9, 21¶; Tokat 11, Female: Body black. Antennae dark brown except 54¶; Uflak 13, 135¶; and Yozgat 17, 34¶. radicle, which is reddish brown. Coxae and femora dark brown. Femora yellow at apical. Trochanters, tibiae and World Distribution: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Morocco tarsi yellow but tarsi dark brown at apical. Wings hyaline. and Syria. Head transverse, approximately 3 times wider than its Other Hosts: Dolycoris baccarum L., Carpocoris length and 1.5 times wider than its height and wider than pudicus Poda, Aelia acuminata L., A.rostrata Boh., A. thorax. Frons strongly punctuated (Figure 1a). Frontal virgata Klug, Graphosoma lineatum L. and Ventocoris view of the area between posterior ocellus and vertex fischeri Hahn. slightly convex. The area between eyes and base of antennae transversely striated. Outer distance between eyes approximately 2.5 times more than distance of Trissolcus vassilievi Mayr anterior ocellus to uporbit. Vertical diameter of eye 1.5 Synonyms: times more than length of gena (Figure 1b). Antennae 11 Telenomus vassilievi Mayr, 1903 segmented (Figure 1c). Scapus 6 times longer than its greatest width and approximately 5 times longer than Microphanurus vassilievi Kieffer, 1926 radicle. First flagellar segment approximately 3 times Dissolcus rufiventris Rubstov, 1944 longer than its greatest width and slightly longer than Asolcus scutellaris Masner, 1958 pedicel. Second flagellar segment shorter than pedicel and first flagellar segment, third to eighth segments Asolcus vassilievi Delucchi, 1961 transverse, last segment longitudinal. Thorax as long as Assolcus rufiventris Viktorov, 1967 wide. Notauli present on scutum, which is longitudinally Female: Body black. Antennae dark brown except striated (Figure 1d). Scutellum more finely reticulated radicle and basal part of scapus, which are yellow or light than scutum (Figures 1d, e). Lower part of metapleuron brown. Trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow but
303 Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Egg Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey
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Figure 1. Trissolcus simoni Mayr., (a, b) head from in front, x250 and x104; (c) antenna of female, x129; (d) thorax from above, x215; (e) thorax from lateral, x176; (f) right forewing; (g) abdomen from above, x144; (h) antenna of male, x74.
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tarsi at apical dark brown. Wings hyaline. Head Other Hosts: Dolycoris baccarum L., Carpocoris transverse, approximately 3 times wider than its length pudicus Poda, Aelia acuminata L., A. rostrata Boh., A. and 1.6 times wider than its height and wider than virgata Klug, Graphosoma lineatum L. and Ventocoris thorax. Frons slightly concave from frontal view but, fischeri Hahn. because of frontal depression, profile seems convex. Face reticulated except shiny middle part of frons and its basal part transversely striated (Figure 2a). Concave Trissolcus semistriatus Nees construction, along internal orbits, gives side part of face Synonyms: more roughly and strongly punctuated aspect than other Teleas grandis Nees, 1834 parts of head. Outer distance between eyes approximately 2.5 times more than distance of anterior ocellus to Telenomus grandis Mayr, 1897 uporbit. Vertical diameter of eye 1.7 times more than Aphanurus grandis Kieffer, 1912 length of gena (Figure 2b). Antennae 11 segmented. Microphanurus grandis Kieffer, 1926 Scapus 6 times longer than its greatest width and approximately 5 times longer than radicle. First flagellar Asolcus grandis Delucchi, 1961 segment approximately 3 times longer than its greatest Female: Body black. Antennae brown or black. Coxae width, 2.5 times longer than second flagellar segment and trochanters black, femora dark brown or black. Fore and slightly shorter than pedicel. Third flagellar segment tibiae yellow, middle and hind tibiae change from yellow like a square, fourth to eight segments transverse, last to dark brown or black. If tibiae brown, then knees segment longitudinal (Figure 2c). Thorax as long as wide. yellow or light brown. All tarsi yellow except at apical, Notauli present on scutum, which is longitudinally dark brown. External side of hind femora generally not striated. Surface of scutum punctuated and reticulated. pubescent, rarely pubescent but not covering all this area. Scutellum smooth and brilliant (Figure 2d, e). Lower part Wings hyaline. Head transverse, approximately 3 times of metapleuron pubescent (Figure 2e). Length of wider than its length and 1.5 times wider than its height forewing 2.4 times more than its greatest width. and slightly wider than thorax. Frons concave from Postmarginal vein 2 times longer than stigmal vein. frontal view. The area between eyes and base of antennae Submarginal and marginal veins together 1.4 times transversely striated. Outer distance between eyes longer than postmarginal vein (Figure 2f). Abdomen approximately 2.5 times more than distance of anterior wider than thorax. First and second abdominal tergits ocellus to uporbit. Vertical diameter of eye 1.5 times strongly striated longitudinally. Striates on second tergit as long as 2/3 of the tergit (Figure 2g). more than length of gena (Figure 3a). Antennae 11 segmented. Scapus 5.3 times longer than its greatest Male: Very similar to female but differs in having 12- width and approximately 3.5 times longer than radicle. segmented antennae. First flagellar segment 2.3 times First flagellar segment approximately 4 times longer than longer than its width, shorter than second flagellar its basal width and 3 times longer than its apical width, segment and approximately equal to third flagellar and equal to pedicel. Second flagellar segment shorter segment. (Figure 2h). Forewings at least 3 times longer than pedicel and first flagellar segment. Third segment than thorax and also much longer than in other Trissolcus like square, fourth to eighth segments transverse, last species described here. segment longitudinal (Figure 3b). Thorax as long as wide. Length: 1.0-1.3 mm Notauli absent on scutum, but scutum longitudinally Material examined: Adana 1 , 9 ¶; Ad›yaman 64 , striated (Figure 3c). Scutellum more finely reticulated 162¶; Aksaray 2, 2¶; Çank›r› 18¶; Diyarbak›r 55, 33¶; than scutum (Figure 3d). Lower part of metapleuron not Elaz›¤ 20 , 22 ¶; Gaziantep 2 , 26 ¶; Hatay 26 ¶; pubescent (Figure 3e). Length of forewing 2.3 times Kahramanmarafl 1 , 3 ¶; Kayseri 14 ; Malatya 8 , 3 ¶; more than its greatest width. Postmarginal vein 2 times Mardin 3, 17¶; fianl›urfa 11, 22¶; fi›rnak 13, 4¶; and longer than stigmal vein. Submarginal and marginal veins Yozgat 10¶. together 1.3 times longer than postmarginal vein (Figure World Distribution: Moldavia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, 3f). Abdomen wider than thorax. First and second Armenia, Iran, Mongolia, Ukraine, and Middle Asia. abdominal tergits strongly striated longitudinally. Striates on second tergit as long as 3/4 of the tergit (Figure 3g).
305 Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Egg Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey
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Figure 2. Trissolcus vassilievi Mayr., (a, b) head from in front, x208 and x95; (c) antenna of female, x94; (d) thorax from above, x190; (e) thorax from lateral, x151; (f) right forewing; (g) abdomen from above, x88; (h) antenna of male, x85.
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Male: Very similar to female but differs in having 12- Asolcus semistriatus Masner, 1958 segmented antennae. First flagellar segment 2 times Asolcus nixomartini Javahery, 1968 longer than its width, 1.5 times longer than pedicel and slightly longer than following segment (Figure 3h). Asolcus silwoodensis Javahery, 1968 Length: 0.8-1.3 mm Female: Body and antennae black. Coxae, trochanters, femora dark brown or black. Fore tibiae Material examined: Adana 45 , 146 ¶; Ad›yaman yellow. When fore tibiae yellow, sometimes its external 48, 204 ¶; Afyon 166 , 578 ¶; Aksaray 72 , 358 ¶; sides dark brown. Middle and hind tibiae brown or black. Ankara 80 , 250 ¶; Antalya 205 , 824 ¶; Ayd›n 16 , Apical of middle and hind tibiae yellow, brown or black. 162¶; Bal›kesir 103, 391¶; Burdur 183, 892¶; Bursa External side of hind femora generally pubescent, but 88, 323 ¶; Çanakkale 76 , 475 ¶; Çank›r› 68 , 354 ¶; rarely with a small opening. Wings hyaline. Head Çorum 53, 339¶; Denizli 126, 690¶; Diyarbak›r 25, transverse, approximately 3 times wider than its length 132¶; Edirne 160, 704¶; Elaz›¤ 49, 184¶; Hatay 41, and 1.5 times wider than its height and slightly wider 50¶; Isparta 64 , 181 ¶; ‹çel 13 , 111 ¶; ‹zmir 34 , than thorax. Frons concave from frontal view. The area 275¶; Kahramanmarafl 8 , 61¶; Karaman 109 , 285¶; between eyes and base of antennae transversely striated. Kayseri 72 , 295 ¶; K›rklareli 285 , 937 ¶; K›rflehir Outer distance between eyes approximately 2.5 times 212, 835 ¶; Konya 74 , 540 ¶; Malatya 17 , 60 ¶; more than distance of anterior ocellus to uporbit. Vertical Mardin 5 ¶; Mu¤la 36 ¶, 354 ; Nevflehir 90 , 293 ¶; diameter of eye 1.5 times more than length of gena Sakarya 81, 201¶; fianl›urfa 4¶; Tekirda¤ 185, 787¶; (Figure 4a). Antennae 11 segmented. Scapus Uflak 243, 954¶; and Yozgat 86, 495¶. approximately 6 times longer than its greatest width and World Distribution: Palearctic region. radicle. First flagellar segment 2-2.5 times longer than its Other Hosts: Carpocoris pudicus Poda, Palomena width but equal to pedicel. Second flagellar segment prasina L., Aelia acuminata L., A. rostrata Boh., A. shorter than pedicel and first flagellar segment. Third cognata Fieb, A. furcula Fieb, A. germari Kuester, segment like square, fourth to eighth segments Eurydoma ornata L., Graphosoma lineatum L. and transverse, last segment longitudinal (Figure 4b). Thorax Graphosoma semipunctatum F. as long as wide. Notauli absent on scutum, which is longitudinally striated. Scutellum more finely reticulated than scutum (Figures 4c, d). Lower part of metapleuron Trissolcus grandis Thomson not pubescent (Figure 4e). Length of forewing 2.2 times Synonyms: more than its greatest width. Postmarginal vein 2 times longer than stigmal vein. Submarginal and marginal veins Telenomus grandis Thomson, 1860 together 1.3 times longer than postmarginal vein (Figure Aphanurus grandis Kieffer, 1912 4f). Abdomen wider than thorax. First and second Microphanurus grandis Kieffer, 1926 abdominal tergits strongly striated longitudinally. Striates on second tergit as long as 3/4 of the tergit (Figure 4g). Asolcus grandis Delucchi, 1961 Male: Very similar to female but differs in having 12- Telenomus frontalis Thomson, 1860 segmented antennae and middle and hind tibiae, which Aphanurus frontalis Kieffer, 1912 are sometimes yellow or light brown. First flagellar Microphanurus frontalis Kieffer, 1926 segment 1.5 times longer than its width, slightly longer than pedicel and approximately equal to following Telenomus nigripes Thomson, 1860 segment (Figure 4h). Microphanurus nigripes Kieffer, 1926 Length: 1.0-1.3 mm. Telenomus nigritus Thomson, 1860 Material examined: Adana 6¶; Ad›yaman 17 , 27¶; Aphanurus nigritus Kieffer, 1912 Afyon 37, 177¶; Aksaray 5, 83¶; Antalya 26, 128¶; Microphanurus nigritus Kieffer, 1926 Ayd›n 19, 59¶; Bal›kesir 34, 13¶; Burdur 14, 123¶; Bursa 4, 26¶; Çanakkale 12 , 38¶; Çank›r› 13 , 10¶; Microphanurus semistriatus Nixon, 1939 Çorum 1 , 3 ¶; Denizli 33 , 149 ¶; Diyarbak›r 1 , 8 ¶;
307 Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Egg Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey
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Figure 3. Trissolcus semistriatus Nees, (a) head from in front, x83; (b) antenna of female, x134; (c, d) thorax from above, x85 and x400; (e) thorax from lateral, x167; (f) right forewing; (g) abdomen from above, x84; (h) antenna of male, x108.
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Figure 4. Trissolcus grandis Thomson, (a) head from front, x88; (b) antenna of female, x137 (c, d) thorax from above, x75 and x250; (e) thorax from lateral, x148; (f) right forewing; (g) abdomen from above, x75; (h) antenna of male, x136.
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Edirne 4, 51¶; Elaz›¤ 15, 71¶; Hatay 3, 20¶; Isparta 5g). Abdomen as wide as thorax. First and second 17, 84¶; ‹çel 5 , 28¶; ‹zmir 6 , 57¶; Kahramanmarafl abdominal tergits short striated longitudinally. Striates on 1, 20¶; Karaman 23, 135¶; Kayseri 9, 5¶; K›rklareli second tergit as long as 1/3 of the tergit (Figure 5h). 4, 24¶; K›rflehir 9, 30¶; Konya 14, 30¶; Malatya 9, Male: Male could not be obtained. 33¶; Mardin 12, 63¶; Mu¤la 3, 25¶; Nevflehir 2, 25¶; Length: 1.1-1.2 mm. Sakarya 1 , 10 ¶; fianl›urfa 1 , 6 ¶; fi›rnak 8 , 79 ¶; Tekirda¤ 6, 31¶; Uflak 17, 129¶; and Yozgat 6, 53¶. Material examined: Çank›r› 11¶ World Distribution: Palearctic region. World Distribution: Moldavia, Armenia, Turkmenistan and Russia. Other Hosts: Dolycoris baccarum L., Carpocoris pudicus Poda, Palomena prasina L., Aelia acuminata L., A. Other Hosts: Dolycoris sp., Carpocoris sp. and Staria cognata Fieb, A. furcula Fieb, A. germari Kuester, lunata Hahn. Eurydoma ornata L., E. ventralis Kol., E. oleraceae L., Graphosoma lineatum L., G. semipunctatum F., Trissolcus pseudoturesis Rjachovsky Holcestethus vernalis Wolff., H. sphacelatus F., Piezodorus lituratis F. and Eysarcoris inconspicuus H.S. Synonyms: Microphanurus pseudoturesis Rjachovsky, 1959 Trissolcus manteroi Kieffer Asolcus pseudoturesis Viktorov, 1964 Synonyms: Microphanurus rossicus Rjachovsky, 1969 Telenomus manteroi Kieffer, 1909 Female: Body black. Sometimes only basal part of scapus or both basal and apical parts or completely Aphanurus manteroi Kieffer, 1912 reddish brown. Other antenna segments dark brown or Microphanurus manteroi Kieffer, 1926 black. Coxae black, other leg segments reddish yellow Female: Body, antennae, coxae, trochanters and except tarsi, which are at apical brown. Wings hyaline. femora black. Tibiae brownish yellow. Tarsi yellow except Head transverse, approximately 3.2 times wider than its at apical, where they are dark brown. Wings hyaline. length and 1.5 times wider than its height and slightly Head transverse, approximately 3 times wider than its wider than thorax. Frons strongly punctuated. Frontal length and 1.5 times wider than its height and slightly view of frons concave. The area between eyes and base of wider than thorax. Frons concave from frontal view. The antennae slightly convex and transversely striated. Outer area between eyes and base of antennae slightly convex distance between eyes approximately 2.2 times more and transversely striated (Figures 5a, b). Outer distance than distance of anterior ocellus to uporbit. Vertical between eyes approximately 2.5 times more than diameter of eye 1.4 times more than length of gena distance of anterior ocellus to uporbit. Vertical diameter (Figure 6a). Antennae 11 segmented. Scapus 6 times of eye 1.5 times more than length of gena (Figure 5b). longer than its greatest width and 4 times longer than Antennae 11 segmented. Scapus 4 times longer than its radicle. First flagellar segment 2.5 times longer than its greatest width and radicle. First flagellar segment 1.8 width and slightly shorter than pedicel or equal to it. times longer than its width but equal to pedicel. Second Second flagellar segment shorter than pedicel and first flagellar segment shorter than pedicel and first flagellar flagellar segment, but longer than third flagellar segment, fourth to eighth segments transverse, last segment, fourth to eighth segments transverse, last segment longitudinal (Figures 5c, d). Thorax longer than segment longitudinal (Figure 6b). Thorax wider than its its width. Notauli absent on scutum, but scutum strongly length. Notauli absent on scutum that is longitudinally striated longitudinally. Scutellum more finely reticulated striated. Scutellum more finely reticulated than scutum than scutum (Figure 5e). Lower part of metapleuron not (Figures 6c, d). Lower part of metapleuron not pubescent pubescent (Figure 5f). Length of forewing 2.4 times more than its greatest width. Postmarginal vein 1.2 times (Figures 6e). Length of forewing 2.4 times more than its longer than stigmal vein. Submarginal and marginal veins greatest width. Postmarginal vein 2 times longer than together 2.5 times longer than postmarginal vein (Figure stigmal vein. Submarginal and marginal veins together 1.4 times longer than postmarginal vein (Figure 6f).
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Figure 5. Trissolcus manteroi Kieffer, (a, b) head from front, x82 and x148; (c, d) antenna of female, x94 and x122; (e) thorax from above, x102; (f) thorax from lateral, x122; (g) right forewing; (h) abdomen from above, x144.
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Figure 6. Trissolcus pseudoturesis Rjachovsky, (a) head from front, x90; (b) antenna of female, x115; (c, d) thorax from above, x273 and x152; (e) thorax from lateral, x237; (f) right forewing; (g) abdomen from above, x82; (h) antenna of male, x136.
312 E. KOÇAK, N. KILINÇER
Abdomen approximately as wide as thorax. First and times more than length of gena (Figure 7b). Antennae 11 second abdominal tergits strongly striated longitudinally. segmented. Scapus 5 times longer than its greatest width Striates on second tergit as long as 3/4 of the tergit and 4 times longer than radicle. First flagellar segment (Figure 6g). approximately 1.7 times longer than its width, but Male: Very similar to female but differs in having 12- shorter than pedicel. Second flagellar segment shorter segmented antennae. Also colors of antenna segments than pedicel and first flagellar segment, third to eighth different. In some specimens scapus reddish yellow, segments transverse, last segment longitudinal (Figure pedicel and first 3 flagellar segments light brown; in 7c). Thorax wider than its length. Neither notauli nor other specimens scapus, pedicel and first 4 flagellar longitudinal striates on scutum. Surface of scutum segments yellow, following segments brown; in other roughly punctuated and more reticulated than scutellum specimens scapus yellowish brown, other segments dark (Figure 7d). Lower part of metapleuron not pubescent brown. First flagellar segment 2 times longer than its (Figure 7e). Length of forewing 2.4 times more than its width and 1.5 times longer than pedicel, but slightly greatest width. Postmarginal vein 1.7 times longer than shorter than second flagellar segment or equal to it stigmal vein. Submarginal and marginal veins together (Figure 6h). 1.5 times longer than postmarginal vein (Figure 7f). Abdomen wider than thorax. First abdominal tergit Length: 1.0-1.2 mm shortly striated longitudinally. Striates on second tergit Material examined: Afyon 9 , 17 ¶; Aksaray 3 ¶; very weak and only as long as 1/4 of the tergit (Figure Burdur 12¶; Çanakkale 3¶; Hatay 1, 3¶; ‹çel 5¶; Mu¤la 7g). 14; and Tekirda¤ 2 4¶. Male: Male differs from female in having 12- World Distribution: Moldavia, Romania, Bulgaria, segmented antennae and always black body. First and Iran, Mongolia, Ukraine, Middle Asia, Slovenia, Lithuania, second flagellar segments equal to each other. These Estonia and Russia. segments 1.5 times longer than their width and also Other Hosts: Only Eurygaster sp. longer than pedicel and third flagellar segment (Figure 7h). Length: 1.0-1.1 mm. Trissolcus rufiventris Mayr Material examined: Gaziantep 11¶; Kayseri 2, 13¶; Synonyms: K›rflehir 1, 10¶; and Yozgat 1, 11¶. Telenomus rufiventris Mayr, 1908 World Distribution: Moldavia, Iran, Mongolia, Prophanurus vasillievi Kieffer, 1912 Ukraine, Caucasus, Middle Asia and North Africa. Microphanurus stshepetilnikova Pubstov, 1944 Other Hosts: Dolycoris baccarum L., Carpocoris Dissolcus vassilievi Meier, 1949 fuscispinuss Boh., C. purpureipennis Deg., Aelia acuminata L., A. rostrata Boh., A. virgata Klug, A. furcula Asolcus vassilievi Masner, 1958 Fieb., A. germari Kuester, Graphosoma lineatum L., Telenomus rubriventris Szabo, 1959 Odontotarsus grammicus L. and Ventocoris fischeri Hahn. Female: Head always black. Scapus completely yellow or only basal side yellow. Middle and apical parts of Trissolcus djadetshko Rjachovsky pedicel yellow. Coxae black, other leg segments reddish yellow but tarsi brown at apical. Wings hyaline. Head Synonyms: transverse, approximately 3 times wider than its length Microphanurus djadetshko Rjachovsky, 1959 and 1.5 times wider than its height and wider than Asolcus djadetshko Viktorov, 1967 thorax. Frontal view of frons at vertex convex. Except for brilliant part of frons, face reticulated and its basal part Female: Body black. Scapus yellowish brown, other transversely striated (Figure 7a). Outer distance between antenna segments dark brown or black. Coxae black, eyes approximately 2.5 times more than distance of other leg segments reddish yellow but tarsi dark brown anterior ocellus to uporbit. Vertical diameter of eye 1.4 at apical. Wings hyaline. Head transverse, approximately
313 Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Egg Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey
a b
c d
e f
g h
Figure 7. Trissolcus rufiventris Mayr, (a, b) head from front, x152 and x77; (c) antenna of female, x117 (d) thorax from above, x164; (e) thorax from lateral, x120; (f) right forewing; (g) abdomen from above, x132; (h) antenna of male, x130.
314 E. KOÇAK, N. KILINÇER
a b
c d
e f
g h
Figure 8. Trissolcus djadetshko Rjachovsky, (a) head from front, x149; (b) antenna of female, x82; (c) thorax from above, x240; (d) thorax from lateral, x201; (e) right forewing; (f, g) abdomen from above, x90 and x172; (h) antenna of male, x84.
315 Taxonomic Studies on Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Egg Parasitoids of the Sunn Pest (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Eurygaster sp.), in Turkey
3 times wider than its length and 1.4 times wider than its times longer than its width, equal to second flagellar height and slightly wider than thorax. Frons slightly segment (Figure 8h). concave from frontal view but, because of frontal Length: 1.0-1.1 mm. depression, basal part of antenna makes profile seem convex. Except for brilliant part of frons, face reticulated Material examined: Aksaray 2¶; Hatay 1, 10¶; and and its basal part with short striates transversely (Figure K›rflehir 1, 7¶. 8a). Outer distance between eyes approximately 2.5 World Distribution: Palearctic region. times more than distance of anterior ocellus to uporbit. Other Hosts: Dolycoris baccarum L., Carpocoris Vertical diameter of eye 1.5 times more than length of pudicus Poda, Eurydema ventralis Kol., E. ornata L., E. gena. Antennae 11 segmented. Scapus 6 times longer oleracea L., Aelia rostrata Boh., Graphosoma lineatum L., than its greatest width and 4 times longer than radicle. G. semipunctatum F., Holcostethus vernalis Wolff and H. First flagellar segment 2.4 times longer than its width, sphacelatus F. but slightly shorter than pedicel or equal to it. Second flagellar segment shorter than pedicel and first flagellar segment, third segment like square, fourth to eighth Acknowledgments segments transverse, last segment longitudinal (Figure It is a pleasure to express our gratitude to Dr. L. 8b). Thorax slightly wider than its length. Neither notauli Masner (Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Agriculture Center, nor longitudinal striates on scutum. Surface of scutum Ottawa, Canada) for his helpful literature and valuable and scutellum punctuated and reticulated (Figure 8c). suggestions, and to Prof. Dr. S. Kononova (Institute of Lower part of metapleuron not pubescent (Figure 8d). Zoology of the National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Length of forewing 2.4 times more than its greatest Kiev, Ukraine) for her supervision and advice on width. Postmarginal vein 2 times longer than stigmal identification. vein. Submarginal and marginal veins together 1.4 times longer than postmarginal vein (Figure 8e). Abdomen We wish to thank TÜB‹TAK (The Scientific and approximately as wide as thorax. First and second Technical Research Council of Turkey) for supporting us abdominal tergits strongly striated longitudinally. Striates with a NATO A2 fellowship to study for 2 months in on second tergit as long as 3/5 of the tergit (Figures 8f, Ukraine in 2000 and the Turkish Agriculture Ministery g). for all its support. We also thank M. Özdemir (Central Plant Protection Research Institute, Ankara). Male: Male differs from female in having 12- segmented yellow antennae. First flagellar segment 2
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Kozlov, M.A. and Kononova, S.V. 1983. Telenominae of the fauna of Masner, L. 1980. Key to genera of Scelionidae of the holarctic region, the USSR (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Telenominae), No: 136; with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: 336 pp. Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, No: 113, 54 pp. Lodos, N. 1982. Türkiye Entomolojisi, Cilt II (Genel, Uygulamal› ve Faunistik). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat fakültesi Yay›nlar›, No: 429, Popov, C. and Papulian, F. 1971. Present possibilities of using parasites 580 s., ‹zmir. in the control of cereal bugs. Probleme-Agricole, 23: 53-61 (CAB, 1971). Masner, L. 1958. Some Problems of the Taxonomy of the Subfamily Telenominae (Hymenoptera., Scelionidae). Trans. I. Int. Conf. Safavi, M. 1968. Etüde Biologique et Ecologique des Hymenopteres Parasites des Oeufs des Punaises des Cereales. Entomophaga, 13: Insect Pathology and Biol. Control, Prague, 375-381. 381-495. Masner, L. 1964. A Comparison of Some Nearctic and Palearctic Genera Voegele, J. 1965. Contribution a l`etude des Asolcus du Maroc especes of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) with Revisional Notes. Acta a sillons parapsidaux. Al Awamia, 16: 99-122. Societatis Entomologicae Cechosloveniae, 61: 123-155. Yüksel, M. 1968. Güney ve Güneydo¤u Anadolu`da Süne Eurygaster Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of integriceps Put`un Yay›l›fl›, Biyolojisi, Ekolojisi, Epidemiyolojisi ve Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Zarar› Üzerinde Arast›rmalar. T.C. Tar›m Bakanl›¤› Zir. Müc. Ve Entomological Society of Canada, No: 97, 87 pp. Zir. Karantina Gn. Md. Yay›nlar›. No: 46, Teknik Bülten, 255 s.
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