Chapter V PROFILE OF CITY Profile OfPune City

Chapter V PROFILE OF PUNE CITY Map 5.1: Map of Study area

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The Pride * le Regency . ^ . . {>ari Mundfiwa 4 XJ^ Vtrltas Software Corporatioa _ Me*idi«n- - A'„ , ^. , -_^-0 PuneR. S li.GhorpadR? "'••--.. I^ Symbiosis-, WLj,>r ^ « Spymek * Ravir^*^. ^tjWipro Ltd. Central Park *^ ••••-N., SolutionJitti/u\cs ILtd t/4 . f^ O Soma Soft Pvt Ltd. Kinara • ** „ RaM jf * Alka Count "^ 'TN *^ Film&rV Q Paths solutions in«itiifi> Cantt 7 SoUpurRatt , Amar * '""""'* Laxmi *| „J; Hospital * oSwargate \[NM O Marshall IT Narayan .^w^j_, Services Pvt Ltd Neelayam * ]^ Military Hospital Hingna Tilak Parvati WanaiwMli Warj« Vklyapeeth Muktangan ^ Major Roads ,<[»»«*«' O IBNTechnok)gles Limited Ottier Road Cv# Hingne Kh. iZ-i ShivaiM • Rail Line Mohamadwadi * Hotel Wadgaon Bk. DhankawadiO Z Kondhwa Kh. -f hlospital

I •^ Religious Place •1 1^ Education Map not WadgaonKh. a Zoo * Imp. Landmark * Cinema fNH-4| Kondhwa Bk. Copyright S> 2014 www.mapsofindia.C Vegetation (Updated on 5th November 2014) Water Body 5.1 Introduction Pune's origins can be traced to a tiny agricultural settlement called'Punyak' or Punnya-Vishay in the IS"' century A.D. In the mid-18"^ century, Pune came into limelight as it became the seat of the Peshwas. During their rule, the city expanded considerably. Pune's heritage structures-SharHwanvSla, and Parvati Devasthan were established during this period and the various Peths were developed. The Peths were occupied by distinct social and ethnic groups and did not have clearly differentiated land use. Thus the city became predominantly a marketplace and mixed land use prevailed. Pune's an importance as a political capital gradually diminished with the defeat of the Peshwas in 1761 in the third battle of Panipat. Finally, the

67 Profile OfPune City defeat of the Maratha's at the hands of the British in 1818 sealed the political fortunes of the city. / Under the British rule, the railways were established and the Pune Municipality came into existence. Pune became an administrative centre for the army bases set up by the British on the outskirts of the city. Even today, there are three cantonment areas within the geographical limits of the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The city is the headquarters of the Indian Army's Southern Command and plays host to numerous other defence establishments. Besides being known for its military flavor, Pune has gradually evolved into a dynamic city of academic,._cultural and economic an importance. Pune is today acknowledged as the knowledge and cultural capital of Maharashtra. The seed of Pune's an importance as acknowledge capitals were sown in the middle of the 19 century. The Deccan College (one of the oldest in western India), the Engineering college (second oldest in the sub-continent), and the Agricultural College (one of the earliest in the country) have laid the foundations for the city's emergence as one of India's premier cities with academicTearning modem's days Pune is host to several educational institutions of repute like the Fergusson College and Armed Forces Medical College. It also serves as the base for specialized centers for computing (C-DAC and NIC), banking (NIBM), insurance (National Insurance Academy) and astronomy and astrophysics (lUCAA).' ""^ j The city houses also several government run bodies such as the Automotive Research Association and several research institutions of the defence services like the Armament Research and Development College and the College of Military \ Engineering. It is not without reason that Pune is considered the 'Oxford of the East'. The title was first given to the city by Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. One an important event in the Pune city, unprecedented floods due to the breach of-Panshet Dam on 11* July, 1961 affected number of families living in the area on the bank of the river. Rapid expansion of the city has been taking place on all its sides to house the flood affected families as also the increasing population due to the industrialization of the city. The boundaries of Pune Municipal Carporation were fiirther extension in 1962 to include certain additional area with ordinary and planned growth. The Panshet calamity led to a further increase in slums. Now in the present !

Pune city development plan 2011-12

68 Profile OfPune City days, Pune is an important industrial center in the Maharashtra State, next to Bombay, / manufacturing a variety of industrial and customer goods. The city which as known as/ f cultural, educational. Political center in ancient days continued to be as so and ii^' additional now it is also known as an important industrial center in the Maharashtra, State. Just as the manufacturing process of Pune is well documented and acknowledged, it is difficult to ignore that the first Software Technology Park (STP) of India had its home in Pune. Pune has emerged at the forefront of the Indian I software technological revolution that has changed the business dynamics of the service industry of developed economies. As industry developed and the employment base widened, migrant population from all over flocked to Pune. Pune witnessed two types of immigration - that of impoverished rural labourers and highly qualified professionals from other states. Pune is now no longer regarded as a pensioners' or just an administrative and educational centre as before; it has transformed into a young city with more and more professionals flocking into the city. These changes led to urban development in a ribbon form around the city along its peripheries. The demographic profile of Pune too acquired a cosmopolitan touch as the city's am.bience changed from sedate to upbeat. It is not surprising that in the early 18* century, when Pune was under British control, the city was barely five square kilometres in size. Today, it has catapulted to emerge as the eighth largest city in the nation. In 2005, the city measured 243.9 square kilometers with a population of close to 30 lakhs. Pune has had a glorious past and has been successfiil in developing a good balance between industry, services, education and cultural activities. Few cities can boast of such an eminent positioning in diverse aspects of modem day life 5.2 The culture of Pune Pune is known as the 'Queen of Deccan' on account of its historical cultural, educational and political an important in the deccan. Pune city celebrate many festivals and cultural events in every year. Every year, city celebrates festival like Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali etc. Marathi theatre also an integral part of the culture of Pune city. Experimental as well as professional theatre attracts a large number of spectators. Some theatres such as Tilak Smarak Mandir, Bala Gandharva Rangmandir,

Bharat Natya Mandir and Yashwantrao Chavan Natyagriha continue to serve these art / forms. Pune city is not only attracting domestic but also foreign tourists. City close

69 Profile OfPune City ^^^^ village Aland! to which Sant Dnyaneshwar and Sant Tukaram. Every year thousands of pilgrims from all over Maharashtr father there and organize "Wari, Wari" is a procession in which palkhis of Sant^nyaneshwar and Sant Tukaram are carried to Pandharpur. 5.3 Heritage of Pune - > Pune was under the rule of the Peshwas as well as the Britishers for a long time. Thus the Heritage structures in Pune can be broadly divided into those of the Peshwa period and the british period, giving a unique character and identity to the city. A majority of the heritage structures is that they are not unused or abandoned monuments, but form an integral part of citizens' social, cultural and economic lives. The four major administrative bodies in the Pune metropolitan area i.e. the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), the Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC), the Pune Cantonment Board (PCB) and the Cantonment Board (KCB) are housed in buildings of unique styles and architecture. While examples of the architecture of the peshwas (i.e. Maratha style) can be seen in the area under PMC, mainly in the wadas and temples, numerous examples of colonial architecture are visible in the area of the cantonments. Within the PMC area, the core city is dominated by heritage precincts. A heritage precinct is a distinct urban pattern consisting of open spaces, streets, trees, platforms, shrines, groups of buildings etc. A few an important heritage precincts are Tulshibagh, Shaniwarwada, Tambat Ali, Shimpi Ali, Parvati, Mahatma Phule Mandai, Gosavipura, parts of Sadashiv Peth and Ravivar Peth.The individual buildings of heritage an importance fall into varied categories such as wadas (Vishrambaug, Nana,), temples (Tulsibagh Ganapati,, Kasba Ganapati, Bhavani). Institutions (Panch Houd Mission, Kanya shala,) and public utilities (City Post Office. The various natural or manmade streams (Ambil Odha,), water supply systems (Katraj, Raste, aqueduct) and the rivers Mutha form an intrinsic part of the heritage. ^ The rich heritage of Pune goes beyond buildings and structures. Several arts and professions which have been passed from generation to generation give uniqueness and add to the heritage of the city. These include various crafts and professions, institutions of learning, customs and traditions, exquisite pieces of woodwork, brickwork, paintings, ornaments as well as rich literature, cuisine and drapery.

70 Profile OfPune City

5.4 Climate, temperature and rainfall The climate is typical monsoonal, with three distinct seasons-summer, rains and winter, as elsewhere in India. The height above sea level and the leeward location with reference to the Western Ghats have made the city climate moderate and salubrious. The mean daily maximum and the mean minimum for the hottest month May are 37° Celsius and 23° Celsius respectively. The evening sea breeze from west or northwest keeps the city summer nights at bearable levels. The same for the coldest month of December are 30^ Celsius and, 12° Celsius respectively. There is humidity ranges from 36 per cent in March to 81 per cent in August. Three fourths of the >^ ^*^ annual rainfalFof 70 cm occurs in just four months from June to September. Temperature and Rainfall of Pune City is shown in map 5.2.^ Map.5.2: Temperature and rainfall of Pune city Topography and Climate R^tio : 1:1,000,000 • 1^^ Distribution(Pune Cit>)^„„„^,,^.^p^^^,„„26"( ^•^ Annual Rainfali500m.n

WM Ver>' High Rainfall •i High Rainfall ^^^•t^ •IMedium Rainfall ^^^^ •1 Low Rainfall

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Source: Pune city sanitation plan -2011-12

5.5 Geographical area The total areas under Pune Municipal Corporation in 1951 was only 125.00 sq and population was 4, 88,419 people. But in 2001 Pune Municipal Corporation covered area of 243. 96 sq. and population was 2538473. Under Pune Municipal Corporation divided 144 electoral wards. And in 2011 Pune Municipal Corporation covered area of also 243.96 sq. and population was 3115431.

Pune city sanitation plan -2011-12.

71 Profile OfPune City

5.6 Population and decadal growth rate area (Sq km) In Pune city population, decadal growth rate and areas (Sq.km) has increased from 1951 to 2011.This is shown in table 5.1 Table 5.1: Population and growth rate area (Sq km)^ Census Year Population Decadal Growth Rate Area (Sq km) 1951 488419 /" 19.26 ^ 125.00 1961 606777 24.23 ' 125.00 1971 856105 41.09 < 138.7 1981 1203363 40.56 ' 146.00 1991 1691430 40.56 146.00 2001 2538473 50.08 243.96 2011 3115431 / 22.73 243.96 Source: Pune city sanitation plan 2011-12. Table 5.1 Shows that Pune city has a population and decadal growth rate and area (Sq km) of Pune city. In 1951 population was 488419, in 1961 there was 606777, in 1971 there was 856105, in 1981 there was 1203363, in 1991 there was 1691430, in 2001 there was 2538473 and in 2011 there was 3115431 increased respectively. In this above table decadal population growth in 1951 was 19.26 per cent, in 1961 there was 24.23 per cent, in 1971 there was 41.09 per cent, in 1981 there was 40.56 per cent, in 1991 there was 40.56 per cent, in 2001 there was 50.08 per cent and in 2011 there was 22.73 per cent respectively. Above respective table shows that population and decadal growth pattern of area in Sq. Km. In 1951 was 125.00 Sq. Km. , in 1961 there was 125.00 Sq. Km. , in 1971 there was 138.7 Sq. Km., in 1981 there was 146.00 Sq. Km., in 1991 there was 146.00 Sq. Km., in 2001 there was 243.96 Sq. Km. And in 2011 there was 243.96 Sq. Km. respectively. The dynamic process of population growth is beyond the control of the authorities; it is actually a function of land prices and ease of accessibility to work place and availability of basic services. As a result, population growth is being witnessed in the slum areas of the city and just outside the PMC limits, especially in the southwest direction. 5.7 Population projection A study on demographic projections done by Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune in 2008. It has estimated the population of the city to reach 55 to 60

' Pune city sanitation plan 2011-12

72 Profile OfPune City lakhs by year 2026. A detailed analysis is given in the graph 5.3 population projection. ^ Graph 5.1: Population projection

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tt M 1M1 1M« 200i 20M 2011 £01« 2021 M79 ZM1 YMr 1 —•—*«»ni»Oy»l —m- AltamtUv a A Cor* Pun* 1 Source: Draft Pune city sanitation plan 2011-12. Graph 5.3 indicates that population projection, can be derived that the population growth rate would remain around four per cent till 2016 and after that till 2026 would be around 2.27 -3.04 percent taking in to consideration the two alternatives.'* 5.8 Population characteristics Pune was well known as pensioner's paradise, with people moving in to the city after retirement. But the excellent educational opportunities and rapid industrial growth has changed these basic characteristics of the city. A socio-economic study of the city conducted in 2008 reflects that 40 per cent of the total population falls in the age group of 21-40 years, while another 32 per cent falls in the age group of below 20 years. Around 20 percent of the total population is 40 plus and senior citizens constitute around 8 per cent of the total population. The sex ratio as per census 2001 is 921 only. But according to the study on demographic projections done by Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune in 2008, the sex ratio may decline fiarther on account of the male-oriented migration to the city in future. 5.9 Migration A study on demographic projections done by Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, firstly, Pune in 2008 reflected that the amount of in migration towards the city has increased significant. Secondly, the migration has become more male- oriented. Thirdly the proportion of migrants fi'om Uttar Pradesh or Bihar is increasing

Pune city sanitation plan 2011 -12.

73 Profile Of Pane City but Still is at a lower level. Fourthly, the proportion of a migrant with personal reason is declining. The past trends imply that the migration is mainly due to economic reasons. During 1981-91, there were 3.1 lacs in migrants in Pune city, while during 1991-2001, the figure went up to 7.4 lacs, amounting to about 13 and 20 per cent of] the total population respectively. It should be noted that this difference could partly hi due to the different coverage in the two census studies. Nevertheless, the stepping uf is remarkable. The study reveals that the share of within the state' migrants to the total in migration was quite significant with 73 and 65 per cent respectively. 5.10 Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and functioning committee Established in 1950, PMC is governed by the Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation (BPMC) Act, 1949.^ As per this Act, PMC is obligated to provide basic infrastructure like water supply, drainage, s"ewerage, and roads and services such as conservancy, fire fighting, streetlights, education and primary health. The deliberative wing of the PMC is the general body, consisting of 146 elected members and five appointed members.Assisting the general body in its functioning is various committees, the chief being the standing committee and the ward committee. The standing committee, as specified under the BPMC Act, is the most important committee of the corporation. The standing committee consists of 16 corporators and is elected by the corporators from among themselves at their first meeting after the general elections. The standing committee or general board essentially governs the functioning of the corporation and makes all decisions with respect to the establishment and finances of the corporation. The standing committee has unlimited financial powers and is subject to supervision by the state Government. The ward committee consists of corporators representing the electoral wards within the territorial areas of the ward committees. The main Sanctions of the committee are to approve the cost of works for the wards, incorporate the expenses in the budget, etc. The Municipal Commissioner is the key figure in local self-government and is the administrative head of PMC; the commissioner is assisted by senior officials in discharging his fiinctions. The commissioner manages the day to day affairs of the corporation subject to approvals

^ (BPMC) Act, 1949

74 Profile OfPune City and sanctions from the standing committee and the corporation. Whenever required, the entire executive powers to carry out the provisions of the BPMC are vested in the commissioner. The map of Pune Municipal Corporation is shown in map 5.4 Map 5.4: Pune Municipal Corporation^

PUNE MIUNICIPAL CORPORATION

mi RIver.shp Wards_2007.shp ^1 Aundh BSDhde-PatilRo BhavaniPeth Bibvewadi ^ Ohankawadi ^ Ghole Road Hadapsar m[ KarveRoad K KasbaVishrambagw

B Sahakamagar SangamwadI • TilakRoad H Waije-Karvenagar Yeiwada PMC WARD OFFICES INDICATIVE MAP

' Pune Municipal Corporation report-2011-12

75 Profile OfPune City

References 1 Pune city development plan 2011-12

2 Census-2001, census-2011.

3 Pune city sanitation plan 2011-12

4 Pune city sanitation plan 2011-12.

5 (BPMC) Act, 1949.

6 Pune Municipal Corporation report-2011-12.

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