Creating an Image for Cincinnati Through Tourism
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UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date:___________________ I, _________________________________________________________, hereby submit this work as part of the requirements for the degree of: in: It is entitled: This work and its defense approved by: Chair: _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ U N I F I C A T I O N T H R O U G H T O U R I S M : C I N C I N N A T I ‘ S R I V E R F R O N T R E V I T A L I Z A T I O N A thesis submitted to the University of Cincinnati Division of Research and Advanced Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in the School of Architecture and Interior Design College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning Submitted April 4, 2005 by Jennie Marie Stegeman B.S. Arch., University of Cincinnati, 2003 Committee Chairs: Udo Greinacher Gordon Simmons Michaele Pride-Wells A B S T R A C T Cincinnati has been witnessing a population decline for decades within the central city and needs to overcome this phenomenon that has become so popular in cities across the world. In order to combat this scenario, Cincinnati should be looking at tourism as a way to draw people into the city on a local level and well beyond. Cincinnati needs to take advantage of the growing neighbors in Northern Kentucky and establish a tourism destination that unifies the Cincinnati, Covington and Newport areas. The design will focus on the Ohio Riverfront, which will provide a link between these cities instead of being perceived as a barrier as it does today. The tourist destination will build upon the assets that exist in the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky area. The design will serve as a catalyst of growth and development for the entire region, while also Abstract Stegeman benefiting the local residents with the improved infrastructure that it will create. The tourist destination in Cincinnati will be unique through its varied attractions. The experience of the design itself will be based on the number of venues that it includes within one district. The environment will provide amenities for all to enjoy – young, young at heart, day traveler, families, business traveler – regardless of the activity type that is desired – active, passive, culture, and sports. Abstract Stegeman A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S To my remarkable parents, Thanks for all the support and love throughout the years. I could not have made it this far without you. I love you. To Mike, You may have been the cause of my biggest distraction, but I love you more for it. Thanks for helping me along the way. I look forward to our life together. To my wonderful family and friends, You’ve been by my side the entire time, whether on the weekends or during class, I couldn’t have done it without your support. To the University of Cincinnati, SAID faculty, You’ve guided me for the past six years; especially my thesis committee, Udo Greinacher, Gordon Simmons, and Michaele Pride-Wells, who have shared their expertise and encouraged me through this process. T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S TITLE PAGE List of Illustrations……………………………………….……………… i Introduction ……………………………………………………………... 1 Chapter 1………………………………………………………………… 7 Cincinnati Regional and Downtown Information Chapter 2………………………………..……………………………... 15 The Banks Development Reasons Methods and Proposed Design Critique of The Banks Chapter 3……………………………………………………………… 25 Revitalization Strategies Chapter 4……………………………………………………………… 31 Tourism Strategies Chapter 5………………………………………………………………. 41 Precedents Chapter 6………………………………………………………………..53 Design Tourism Applications Master Plan Program Works Cited……………………………………………………………. 60 Appendix……………………………………………………………….. 63 Stegeman L I S T O F I L L U S T R A T I O N S Figure 0.1 ~ Cincinnati, 2005 http://www.cincinnati.com/postcard/lightup7.html Figure 0.2 ~ Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, Non-stop flights http://www.ersys.com/usa/airport/cvg.htm Figure 0.3 ~ Proposed Design for The Banks http://www.cincinnatiport.org/pa_pg5A.html Figure 1.1 ~ Cincinnati Official Visitors Guide, 2004 Greater Cincinnati Convention and Visitors Bureau. Cincinnati 2004 Official Visitors Guide. (Cincinnati Magazine: Emmis Publishing, 2004): cover. Figure 1.2 ~ Great American Ballpark, Cincinnati http://www.cincinnati.com/reds/wallpaper/800x600/gabp2.jpg Figure 1.3 ~ Paul Brown Stadium, Cincinnati http://www.bengals.com/paulbrownstadium/ Figure 1.4 ~ Tall Stacks Festival, Ohio River, Cincinnati http://www.rivercitycharter.com/rcgraphics/2TStallstacks.jpg Figure 1.5 ~ Newport on the Levee, Newport, Kentucky http://www.staynky.com/toolkit/photos/2/med_1088093541- 2.jpg Figure 1.6 ~ Purple People Bridge Photograph by author Figure 1.7 ~ Roebling Suspension Bridge http://www.covington.k12.ky.us/Pictures/Roebling%20Bridge %20Riverfront.htm Figure 1.8 ~ Population Graphic for Cincinnati Area http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cityfinance/downloads/ cityfinance_pdf 7777.pdf List of Illustrations i Stegeman Figure 1.9 ~ Shillito Lofts, Downtown Cincinnati http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-3901-/ Figure 2.1 ~ Proposed plan for The Banks http://www.cincinnatiport.org/pa_pg5A.html Figure 2.2 ~ National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, Cincinnati http://www.cincinnatiusa.org/photos/freedomctr.jpg Figure 2.3 ~ Proposed Residential Square at The Banks http://www.cincinnatiport.org/APPEND2.PDF Figure 2.4 ~ Proposed Entertainment District at The Banks http://www.cincinnatiport.org/APPEND2.PDF Figure 2.5 ~ Proposed Riverfront Park Design at The Banks http://www.cincinnatiport.org/APPEND2.PDF Figure 2.6 ~ Cincinnati Skyline from Kentucky http://www.cincinnati.com/postcard/lightup1.html Figure 2.7 ~ UDA Street Grid Diagram http://www.cincinnatiport.org/APPEND1.PDF Figure 2.8 ~ UDA Highway Barrier Diagram http://www.cincinnatiport.org/APPEND1.PDF Figure 2.9 ~ UDA Riverfront Park System Diagram http://www.cincinnatiport.org/APPEND1.PDF Figure 2.10 ~ UDA Parking Diagram http://www.cincinnatiport.org/APPEND1.PDF Figure 3.1 ~ Node Diagram Author Figure 3.2 ~ Asset Diagram Author Figure 4.1 ~ Eiffel Tower; Paris, France http://www.atkielski.com/inlink.php?/PhotoGallery/Paris/Eiffel /EiffelNightSmall.html List of Illustrations ii Stegeman Figure 5.1 ~ Baltimore Aerial Photograph http://www.airphotographics.com/new%20images/Balt96920. jpg Figure 5.2 ~ Baltimore Charles Center http://www.spsbe.jhu.edu/professional/archives/fall2003/ima ges/p26.jpg Figure 5.3 ~ Baltimore Inner Harbor, Plaza http://www.airphotographics.com/new%20images/Balt96920. jpg Figure 5.4 ~ Baltimore Inner Harbor http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/i mages/pho/t041/T041042A.jpg Figure 5.5 ~ Baltimore Inner Harbor, Night http://www.mdisfun.org/PostCards/PostCardImages/ecard_bi g_city.jpg Figure 5.6 ~ Montreal World’s Fair, 1967 - Buckminster Fuller’s Geodesic Dome http://www.whiteglovecollection.com/cord/images/gallery/ne w/montreal3.jpg Figure 5.7 ~ Montreal’s Olympic Stadium http://perso.wanadoo.fr/the-bof/specials/sportsevents/ montreal_1998_1.jpg Figure 5.8 ~ Montreal High Lights Festival http://www.montrealenlumiere.com/pdf/FML05_Guide_eng.p df Figure 5.9 ~ Navy Pier, Chicago http://www.enjoyillinois.com/topspots/images/chi_navy.jpg Figure 5.10 ~ Navy Pier – Carousel, Ferris Wheel http://www.navypier.com/SubLink.cfm?Main_ID=15&Sub_ID =60 List of Illustrations iii Stegeman Figure 6.1 ~ Design Concept Diagram Author Figure 6.2 ~ Supporting Attraction Design Diagram Author Figure 6.3 ~ Progression through Site Diagram Author Figure 6.4 ~ Design by Activity Type Diagram Author Figure 6.5 ~ Panoramic Photograph Collage – Cincinnati, Covington, Ohio River Author List of Illustrations iv Stegeman I N T R O D U C T I O N Cincinnati is one of the largest metro areas in the United States, but is witnessing a population decline in the central city which has been happening for a number of years. People that come to Cincinnati are mainly here for their careers in one of the Fortune 500 companies, but they do little else involving the other aspects that influence their lifestyles. Cincinnati should be striving to incorporate all aspects of a person’s lifestyle into the design of the city, including Figure 0.1 Cincinnati 2005 the proposed design for The Banks located along the riverfront. A new identity for the City of Cincinnati can be achieved through the design of a tourism based environment, creating a sense of place as well as bestowing a sense of pride to the residents of the area. The design of a tourist destination will be attained through analyzing the theories used in precedents and establishing a system that can be implemented within Cincinnati. Many cities across the world, including Cincinnati, are experiencing a decline in population due to suburban sprawl. Cincinnati, for example, has seen Introduction 1 Stegeman a decline in its population within the downtown area for the past decade, while the Greater Cincinnati area has seen a continuous increase in population.1 People are leaving the area because the roles that were filled in the central city are now being filled for them in the suburbs. Shopping centers, housing developments and employers have all begun to move to the suburb where the highway system has provided easy access. Cities have to invest in numerous efforts to make their downtown more attractive to end the exodus from downtown. In order to maintain a vibrant urban core, the goal is to have an increase in population of all the areas of the city, as well as an increase in visitors. In promoting tourism, cities across the country are trying to endorse an atmosphere to entice all aspects of lifestyles. While the central city has been dominated by business roles in the past, today’s roles within the core go well 1 The Census Bureau reported earlier this year that Hamilton County’s population had dropped 2.6 percent from April 2000 to July 2003, while the 15-county Greater Cincinnati metropolitan area grew by almost 2 percent to 2,047,333.