Occupational Exposure Associated with Reproductive Dysfunction
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Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.071: Human Reproductive Biology Course Director: Professor Henry Klapholz IN SUMMARY INFERTILITY INFERTILITY Defined as 1 year of unprotected intercourse during which a pregnancy is not achieved • United States - 15% to 20% of all couples are infertile • Higher in older couples • Rate has remained relatively stable since the early 1980s • Primary - neither partner has achieved a successful pregnancy • Secondary - couples who have achieved a pregnancy previously but are having difficulty currently with conception Estimated 25% of women will experience infertility during their childbearing years • Societal trend toward delayed marriage and childbirth • Greater awareness of treatment options • Increased societal acceptance of infertility as a medical condition Fecundability is the probability of achieving a pregnancy within 1 menstrual cycle • Fecundability of a “normal” couple (<35 years) is approximately 25% • 3 months, 57% of couples achieved pregnancy • 6 months, 72% • 12 months, 85% • 24 months, 93% Initial assessment - thorough patient history and physical examination Evaluate for evidence of systemic disease, genetic abnormalities, or androgen dysfunction. Female partner - specific areas requiring extra attention • Body mass index • Distribution of body fat • Breast formation and galactorrhea, • Hair pattern (hirsutism or virilization) • Focal neurologic findings (anosmia, visual field impairments) • Assessment of the pelvis o Anomalies of the external genitalia, vagina, or -
Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Male Infertility in Thies, Senegal
Open Journal of Urology, 2019, 9, 1-10 http://www.scirp.org/journal/oju ISSN Online: 2160-5629 ISSN Print: 2160-5440 Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Male Infertility in Thies, Senegal Yoro Diallo, Modou Diop N’diaye, Saint Charles Kouka, Mama Sy Diallo, Mehdi Daher, Amy Diamé, Modou Faye, Néné Mariama Sow, Ramatoulaye Ly, Cheikh Diop, Seydou Diaw, Cheickna Sylla Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thies, Thies, Senegal How to cite this paper: Diallo, Y., N’diaye, Abstract M.D., Kouka, S.C., Diallo, M.S., Daher, M., Diamé, A., Faye, M., Sow, N.M., Ly, R., Objective: To evaluate the clinical and therapeutic aspects of male subfertility Diop, C., Diaw, S. and Sylla, C. (2019) in the Region of Thies. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective and Clinical and Therapeutic Management of analytical study involving patients followed for subfertility over a period of 4 Male Infertility in Thies, Senegal. Open Journal of Urology, 9, 1-10. years from January 2013 to November 2017 at the level of 3 health structures https://doi.org/10.4236/oju.2019.91001 in the region of Thies. Results: During the period, we collected 201 patients. The average age was 38 ± 8.4 years with a greater distribution in the age Received: November 5, 2018 Accepted: January 11, 2019 group 30-39 years. Primary subfertility was predominant with 81.1% of cases. Published: January 14, 2019 The average duration was 5 years. We found a history of urethritis (4%) and orchiepididymitis (2.5%). Thirty-three percent of patients presented a vari- Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and cocele (67 cases). -
Original Article Severe Teratozoospermia Associated with Severe Oligospermia Affects Clinical Outcome in Human ICSI Cycles
Int J Clin Exp Med 2019;12(7):9324-9334 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0094152 Original Article Severe teratozoospermia associated with severe oligospermia affects clinical outcome in human ICSI cycles Yuan Xu1*, Di Sun1*, Wei Chen1, Jian Sun1, Yi-Xia Yang1, Yu Wu1, Zheng Li1, Zhen-Bo Zhang1,2 1The Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Baoshan Branch, Shanghai 201900, China. *Equal contributors. Received March 20, 2019; Accepted May 13, 2019; Epub July 15, 2019; Published July 30, 2019 Abstract: This study retrospectively investigated the effects of obvious head shape defect in sperm on embryo development and pregnancy outcome. Couples with severe oligospermia (total sperm count was less than several hundred, thus not enough for morphological assessment) were divided into two groups based on morphological ob- servation of sperm head. Group 1 (N=45): sperm with obvious head shape defects (large or small, tapered, pyriform and amorphous head defects). Group 2 (N=166): sperm with “good looking head shape”. The parameters of em- bryo development and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups. There were lower fertilization rates, availablity rate, high-quality embryo rate and cumulative live birth rate and higher miscarriage rate in Group 1 when compared with Group 2. No birth defects in the two groups were reported in the clinic. Embryo development and pregnancy outcome with fresh versus frozen-thawed sperm were similar in two groups. However, poor embryo development and pregnancy outcome were found in the obvious head shape defect sperm group regardless of us- ing fresh or frozen-thawed sperm. -
Handbook of Urology Urology Edited by J
HANDBOOK OF Urology Urology Edited by J. Kellogg Parsons, John B. Eifler and Misop Han Handbook of Urology Handbook of Urology Edited by J. Kellogg Parsons, MD, MHS, FACS Associate Professor of Urology Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center UC San Diego Health System La Jolla, CA, USA John B. Eifler, MD Resident, Urological Surgery The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA Misop Han, MD, MS Associate Professor of Urology and Oncology The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered office: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. -
Role of Male Partners in 100 Infertile Couples
Original Paper Role of Male Partners in 100 Infertile Couples 2 3 Ara MJ1, Hussain SMB , Rashid MU Abstract Introduction: Approximately 15% of couples are Key-words: Normozoospermia, Oligozoospermia, infertile. Male infertility plays an important role in Azoospermia, infertile couple, subfertile couple. about half of these couples. This study has been done to determine whether sperm morphology and Introduction motility do really affect sperm count or Infertility is a significant medical problem that affects spermatogenesis and at the same time causes a many couples. Infertility is a disease of the problem with fertility. reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of Objectives: The objective of this study was to 1 regular unprotected sexual intercourse . Male evaluate a male’s inability to cause pregnancy in a infertility refers to a male’s inability to cause fertile female. pregnancy in a fertile female2. Approximately 15% of couples are infertile1,2,3. Male infertility plays an Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study 1 important role in about half of these couples . Male of 100 diagnosed infertile and subfertile couples in infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the the age group of 23-58 yrs old male. They were semen and semen analysis is a vital part of selected from 01 March 2013 to 28 Feb 2014 diagnosing male infertility2,4. The volume of the undergoing treatment for infertility in Dhaka CMH. semen sample, approximate number of total sperm On the basis of sperm count the cases were grouped cells, sperm motility/forward progression and percent as follows: Normozoospermia, oligozoospermia & of sperm with normal morphology are measured. -
Medicinal Plants As Potential Male Anti-Infertility Agents: a Review Les Plantes Médicinales Dans Le Traitement De L’Infertilité Chez Le Mâle : Mise Au Point
Androl. (2009) 19:148-158 DOI 10.1007/s12610-009-0030-2 REVIEW Medicinal plants as potential male anti-infertility agents: a review Les plantes médicinales dans le traitement de l’infertilité chez le mâle : mise au point E.A. Nantia · P.F. Moundipa · T.K. Monsees · S. Carreau © Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract For millions of couples, the inability to have a child Résumé Pour des millions de couples à travers le monde, is a personal tragedy and a large proportion of childless l’incapacité d’avoir un enfant est vécue comme une tragédie people are confronted with social stigmatization (blame) and personnelle. Une large proportion d’entre eux est confrontée personal frustration. Formerly assigned to women, infertility à des stigmatisations sociales dont les conséquences sont of a couple is nowadays equitably distributed between the multiples. Jadis attribuées à la femme, les causes de two sexes. Among the methods used to treat male infertility l’infertilité d’un couple sont pratiquement équitablement problems, medicinal plants have been used empirically as partagées par des facteurs liés aux deux sexes. Parmi les extracts, decoctions, fractions or semi-purified compounds. différentes méthodes de traitement de l’infertilité masculine These herbal products are used in the treatment of a figurent les plantes médicinales qui sont utilisées parfois dysfunctioning of the libido, sexual asthenia, erection, and empiriquement sous forme d’extraits, de fractions ou de sperm disorders. Pharmacological activities of many of these composés partiellement purifiés dans le traitement des plants have been shown in vitro using cells, in vivo (on difficultés de libido, d’asthénie sexuelle, d’érection et laboratory animals) and human studies. -
Screening Targeted Testis‑Specific Genes for Molecular Assessment of Aberrant Sperm Quality
1594 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 14: 1594-1600, 2016 Screening targeted testis‑specific genes for molecular assessment of aberrant sperm quality XUE XIA LIU*, XIAO FANG SHEN* and FU-JUN LIU Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China Received July 4, 2015; Accepted May 9, 2016 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5434 Abstract. Teratospermia is a heterogeneous and complex ejaculated spermatozoa are usually observed to have reduced disorder, which is closely associated with male fertility. Genes quantity or poor quality. Diagnosis of male infertility predomi- and gene products associated with teratospermia may serve nantly relies on the traditional evaluation of semen parameters, as targeted biomarkers that help understand the underlying whereas genetic factors are often overlooked. Previous studies mechanisms of male infertility; however, systematic infor- have reported that genetic factors are frequently associated mation on the subject remains to be elucidated. The present with male fertility, and may provide novel insights into the study performed a comparative bioinformatics analysis to understanding of male infertility and the assessment of sperm identify biomarkers associated with sperm quality, particular quality (4-6). focusing on testis‑specific biomarkers. A stepwise screening Spermatozoa are produced in the testes, and their mRNAs approach identified 1,085 testis/epididymis-specific genes maturate during the spermatogenesis process (7). Sperm and 3,406 teratospermia-associated genes, resulting in mRNAs are believed to be silenced following the release of 348 testis-specific genes associated with aberrant sperm sperm from the testes; therefore, changes in the expression quality. These genes were functionally associated with the levels of sperm mRNAs may reflect abnormal spermatogen- reproduction process. -
Diagnosis and Management of Infertility Due to Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction: Summary Evidence ______
Vol. 47 (4): 868-881, July - August, 2021 doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0536 EXPERT OPINION Diagnosis and management of infertility due to ejaculatory duct obstruction: summary evidence _______________________________________________ Arnold Peter Paul Achermann 1, 2, 3, Sandro C. Esteves 1, 2 1 Departmento de Cirurgia (Disciplina de Urologia), Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil; 2 ANDROFERT, Clínica de Andrologia e Reprodução Humana, Centro de Referência para Reprodução Masculina, Campinas, SP, Brasil; 3 Urocore - Centro de Urologia e Fisioterapia Pélvica, Londrina, PR, Brasil INTRODUCTION tion or perineal pain exacerbated by ejaculation and hematospermia (3). These observations highlight the Infertility, defined as the failure to conceive variability in clinical presentations, thus making a after one year of unprotected regular sexual inter- comprehensive workup paramount. course, affects approximately 15% of couples worl- EDO is of particular interest for reproduc- dwide (1). In about 50% of these couples, the male tive urologists as it is a potentially correctable factor, alone or combined with a female factor, is cause of male infertility. Spermatogenesis is well- contributory to the problem (2). Among the several -preserved in men with EDO owing to its obstruc- male infertility conditions, ejaculatory duct obstruc- tive nature, thus making it appealing to relieve the tion (EDO) stands as an uncommon causative factor. obstruction and allow these men the opportunity However, the correct diagnosis and treatment may to impregnate their partners naturally. This review help the affected men to impregnate their partners aims to update practicing urologists on the current naturally due to its treatable nature. methods for diagnosis and management of EDO. -
Hypospermia Improvement in Dogs Fed on a Nutraceutical Diet
Hindawi e Scientific World Journal Volume 2018, Article ID 9520204, 4 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9520204 Research Article Hypospermia Improvement in Dogs Fed on a Nutraceutical Diet Francesco Ciribé,1 Riccardo Panzarella,2 Maria Carmela Pisu,3 Alessandro Di Cerbo ,4,5 Gianandrea Guidetti,6 and Sergio Canello7 1 Ambulatorio Veterinario CittadiFermo,ViaFalconesnc,Fermo,Italy` 2Ospedale Veterinario Himera, Via Antonio de Saliba 2, Palermo, Italy 3Centro di Referenza Veterinario, Corso Francia 19, Torino, Italy 4Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy 5Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy 6Sanypet Spa, Research and Development Department, Bagnoli di Sopra, Padova, Italy 7Research and Development Department, Forza10 USA Corp., Orlando, FL, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Alessandro Di Cerbo; [email protected] Received 6 June 2018; Accepted 16 October 2018; Published 1 November 2018 Academic Editor: Juei-Tang Cheng Copyright © 2018 Francesco Cirib´e et al. Tisis an open accessarticle distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Male dog infertility may represent a serious concern in the canine breeding market. Te aim of this clinical evaluation was to test the efcacy of a commercially available nutraceutical diet, enriched with Lepidium meyenii, Tribulus terrestris, L-carnitine, zinc, omega-3 (N-3) fatty acids, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and folic acid, in 28 male dogs sufering from infertility associated with hypospermia. All dogs received the diet over a period of 100 days. -
Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Sperm Parameters with a Focus on DNA Fragmentation: a Literature Synthesis
Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Sperm Parameters with a Focus on DNA Fragmentation: A Literature Synthesis A Capstone Project Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine By Virginia C. Prior, MATCM, L.Ac., Dipl.O.M. Yo San University Los Angeles California December, 2011 3 Abstract This project is a literature synthesis of research done on the possible effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on sperm parameters with a focus on DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) in an effort to treat male infertility. Research studies and articles were gathered, summarized and qualitative data were extracted for analysis in order to investigate how acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine may affect sperm, DFI and male infertility. Background and etiologies of DNA fragmentation, poor sperm quality and male infertility were examined. TCM was found to have a positive effect on semen parameters, hormone levels, immune markers and antioxidant levels, potentially facilitating fertilization, pregnancy and live birth rates in both natural conception as well as with the use of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Larger, more controlled studies need to be done. Currently, there are no studies published on the potential effect of TCM on DFI, which might be a valuable investigation to pursue. 4 Table of Contents Title Page ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 Approval Signature Page………………………………………………………………. 2 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………. 4 List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………... 8 Chapter One: Introduction…….…………………………………………………….. 9 Background and Need for the Project …………………………………………. 9 Male Factor Infertility …………………………………………………. 9 Semen Analysis ………………………………………………………... 9 Sperm DNA Integrity …………………………………………………. 10 Measurement of DNA Damage: Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) ………………………………………………………….. -
Effects of Methanolic Extract of Citrullus Lanatus Seed on Experimentally Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia
European Journal of Medicinal Plants 1(4): 171-179, 2011 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Effects of Methanolic Extract of Citrullus lanatus Seed on Experimentally Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia Adesanya A. Olamide 1*, Olaseinde O. Olayemi 1, Oguntayo O. Demetrius 1, Otulana J. Olatoye 1 and Adefule A. Kehinde 1 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria. Received 22nd June 2011 th Research Article Accepted 18 July 2011 Online Ready 4th October 2011 ABSTRACT Aims: To investigate the effects of methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seed (MECLS) on experimentally induced benign prostate hyperplasia. Study design: Animal model of experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ikenne Campus, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria, between May 2010 and August 2010. Methodology: Twenty adult male Wistar rats weighing about 135-180g were randomly divided into four groups of five animals each. Group I, Normal control (NC) was given corn oil as placebo 1g/Kg BW ; Group II, Hormone treated control (HTC), Groups III, and IV hormone and extract treated (HTEC), received continuous dosage of 300µg and 80µg of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E 2) respectively on alternate days for three weeks subcutaneously in the inguinal region while the extract treated received an additional 2g/Kg BW (low dose) and 4g/Kg BW (high dose) of extract orally for 4 weeks after the successful induction of prostate enlargement. Immediately after induction some animals were randomly selected and sacrificed for gross inspection of prostate enlargement and sperm count evaluation, these procedures were repeated again after four weeks of extract treatment. -
The Effect of COVID-19 on Spermatogenesis
The effect of COVID-19 on spermatogenesis Mostafa Kamel ( [email protected] ) Assiut University Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-4957 Abdel Moniem Assiut University Hospital Mohamed Zarzur Assiut University Hospital Adel Kurkar Assiut University Hospital Hosny Behnsawy Assiut University Hospital Research Article Keywords: Covid-19 , Semen analysis , spermatogenesis . Posted Date: February 9th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-201151/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/14 Abstract Background : The viral pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious worldwide public health emergency, evolving exponentially. While the main organ targeted in this disease is the lungs, other vital organs may be implicated. The main host receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The ACE2 is also involved in testicular male regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. A recent report published in JAMA Network revealed that in an analysis 38 semen samples from COVID‐19 patients pcr +ve. As the SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to infect the testis via ACE2 and adversely affect male reproductive system. From this point the purpose of this study is how covid-19 affect spermatogenesis. methods: Aim: how covid-19 affect spermatogenesis. Design and setting of the study: a100 patients had been enrolled in the study by a criteria suggesting good semen analysis. two sets of semen analysis done, the rst after 72days of rst positive swab for covid-19 to show changes in semen analysis from normal values in the cycle of spermatogenesis during infection, the other sample after 72 days from the rst sample to show if the changes regress to normal and to compare it with the rst sample.