DOCSLIB.ORG

Tate's Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tate's Thesis 学士学位论文 Tate 的论文 作者姓名： 刘浩浩 学科专业： 数学与应用数学 导师姓名： Benoît Stroh 教授 欧阳毅 教授 完成时间： 二〇一九年五月一日 University of Science and Technology of China A dissertation for bachelor’s degree Tate’s Thesis Author: Haohao Liu Speciality: Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Supervisors: Prof. Benoît Stroh, Prof. Yi Ouyang Finished time: May 1, 2019 中国科学技术大学本科毕业论文 Acknowledgements 撰写论文期间，我得到了两位老师的指导，他们是：中国科学技术大学的欧 阳毅教授和巴黎六大的 Benoît Stroh 教授。我感谢欧阳老师所给的选题建议，让 我有机会仔细学习 Tate’s thesis 这一优美而重要的工作。欧阳老师也为我提供了 关于参考资料的宝贵意见，论文修改也花费了他诸多时间。Stroh 老师具体指导 我的学习，他看待问题观点新颖，和他的讨论每每让我眼前一亮。他指出我理解 的不足，并且制定了论文的具体内容。在此对两位老师深表谢意。 Please send me an email if you note any mistakes: [email protected]. 中国科学技术大学本科毕业论文 Contents 中文内容摘要 ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 3 英文内容摘要 ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 4 Chapter 1 简介/Introduction ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 6 Chapter 2 经典理论/Classical Theory ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 7 2.1 Dedekind zeta function ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 7 2.1.1 General Minkowski space ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 7 2.1.2 Functional equation ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 10 2.2 Zeta function of global function field ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 12 2.2.1 Rational expression ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 15 2.2.2 Functional equation ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 16 2.3 Dirichlet L­function ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 18 2.3.1 Number field ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 18 2.3.2 Function field ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 21 Chapter 3 Tate 的方法/Tate’s Thesisꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 24 3.1 The local theory ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 24 3.1.1 Absolute value ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 25 3.1.2 characterꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 25 3.1.3 Measure ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 27 3.1.4 Local zeta function ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 27 3.1.5 Computation for 휌(푐) ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 29 3.2 The global theory ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 32 3.2.1 Quasi­character ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 32 3.2.2 Global zeta functionꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 35 3.3 The classical theory ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 39 3.3.1 Admissibility ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 39 3.3.2 Connection between global, local, classical zeta functionsꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 40 Bibliography ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 44 1 中国科学技术大学本科毕业论文 Appendix A 补充材料/Complementary ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 45 A.1 Dual group ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 45 A.2 Fourier Transformation ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 46 A.2.1 Poisson formula ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 46 A.3 Restricted Productꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 48 A.3.1 Restricted topologyꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 48 A.3.2 Quasi­characterꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 48 A.3.3 Induced measure and integrationꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 49 A.4 Adèle ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 50 A.4.1 Fundamental domain for 픸퐾 /퐾 ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 50 A.5 Idèle ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 51 A.5.1 Fundamental domain for 픸1/퐾∗ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ ꞏ 52 2 中国科学技术大学本科毕业论文 中文内容摘要 这是 Tate 的博士论文的读书笔记。在函数域情形，휁 函数的函数方程的经典 证明用到的 Riemann­Roch 定理，实际上是 퐴푑푒푙푒 上的 Poisson 求和公式的推论。 关键词：Zeta 函数，函数方程，抽象调和分析 3 中国科学技术大学本科毕业论文 Abstract This is a note of Tate’s Ph.D. thesis. The classical proof of the functional equation of 휁 function uses Riemann­Roch theorem, which is a corollary of the adelic Poisson summation formula. Key Words: zeta function; functional equation; abstract harmonic analysis 4 中国科学技术大学本科毕业论文 Notation ℕ The set of natural numbers (containing 0). 퐺(ℂ|ℝ) 퐺(ℂ|ℝ) = 퐺푎푙(ℂ|ℝ). 푡ℎ 휇푛 The set of 푛 roots of unity in ℂ. 픽푞 The finite field with 푞 elements. 픬퐾 For a global field 퐾, 픬퐾 refers to its ring of integers. ∗ ∗ 푈퐾 , 픬퐾 For a number field 퐾, both 푈퐾 and 픬퐾 refer to the group of units of 퐾. 푊퐾 , 푤퐾 For a number field 퐾, 푊퐾 is the set of roots of unity in 퐾. 푤퐾 denotes its order. 퐶푙퐾 , ℎ퐾 For a global field 퐾, 퐶푙퐾 denotes its class group and ℎ퐾 de­ notes the class number (i.e., the order of 퐶푙퐾 ). 푅퐾 For a number field 퐾, 푅퐾 denotes its regulator.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Algebraic Hecke Characters and Compatible Systems of Abelian Mod P Galois Representations Over Global fields
    Algebraic Hecke characters and compatible systems of abelian mod p Galois representations over global fields Gebhard B¨ockle January 28, 2010 Abstract In [Kh1, Kh2, Kh3], C. Khare showed that any strictly compatible systems of semisimple abelian mod p Galois representations of a number field arises from a unique finite set of algebraic Hecke Characters. In this article, we consider a similar problem for arbitrary global fields. We give a definition of Hecke character which in the function field setting is more general than previous definitions by Goss and Gross and define a corresponding notion of compatible system of mod p Galois representations. In this context we present a unified proof of the analog of Khare's result for arbitrary global fields. In a sequel we shall apply this result to compatible systems arising from Drinfeld modular forms, and thereby attach Hecke characters to cuspidal Drinfeld Hecke eigenforms. 1 Introduction In [Kh1, Kh2, Kh3], C. Khare studied compatible systems of abelian mod p Galois rep- resentations of a number field. He showed that the semisimplification of any such arises from a direct sum of algebraic Hecke characters, as was suggested by the framework of motives. On the one hand, this result shows that with minimal assumptions such as only knowing the mod p reductions, one can reconstruct a motive from an abelian compati- ble system. On the other hand, which is also remarkable, the association of the Hecke characters to the compatible systems is based on fairly elementary tools from algebraic number theory. The first such association was based on deep transcendence results by Henniart [He] and Waldschmidt [Wa] following work of Serre [Se].
    [Show full text]
  • Hecke Characters, Classically and Idelically
    HECKE CHARACTERS CLASSICALLY AND IDELICALLY` Hecke's original definition of a Gr¨ossencharakter, which we will call a Hecke character from now on, is set in the classical algebraic number theory environment. The definition is as it must be to establish the analytic continuation and functional equation for a general number field L-function X Y L(χ, s) = χ(a)Na−s = (1 − χ(p)Np−s)−1 a p analogous to Dirichlet L-functions. But the classical generalization of a Dirich- let character to a Hecke character is complicated because it must take units and nonprincipal ideals into account, and it is difficult to motivate other than the fact that it is what works. By contrast, the definition of a Hecke character in the id`elic context is simple and natural. This writeup explains the compatibility of the two definitions. Most of the ideas here were made clear to me by a talk that David Rohrlich gave at PCMI in 2009. Others were explained to me by Paul Garrett. The following notation is in effect throughout: • k denotes a number field and O is its ring of integers. • J denotes the id`elegroup of k. • v denotes a place of k, nonarchimedean or archimedean. 1. A Multiplicative Group Revisited This initial section is a warmup whose terminology and result will fit into what follows. By analogy to Dirichlet characters, we might think of groups of the form (O=f)×; f an ideal of O as the natural domains of characters associated to the number field k. This idea is na¨ıve, because O needn't have unique factorization, but as a starting point we define a group that is naturally isomorphic to the group in the previous display.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonvanishing of Hecke L-Functions and Bloch-Kato P
    NONVANISHING OF HECKE L{FUNCTIONS AND BLOCH-KATO p-SELMER GROUPS ARIANNA IANNUZZI, BYOUNG DU KIM, RIAD MASRI, ALEXANDER MATHERS, MARIA ROSS, AND WEI-LUN TSAI Abstract. The canonical Hecke characters in the sense of Rohrlich form a set of algebraic Hecke characters with important arithmetic properties. In this paper, we prove that for an asymptotic density of 100% of imaginary quadratic fields K within certain general families, the number of canonical Hecke characters of K whose L{function has a nonvanishing central value is jdisc(K)jδ for some absolute constant δ > 0. We then prove an analogous density result for the number of canonical Hecke characters of K whose associated Bloch-Kato p-Selmer group is finite. Among other things, our proofs rely on recent work of Ellenberg, Pierce, and Wood on bounds for torsion in class groups, and a careful study of the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory for imaginary quadratic fields. 1. Introduction and statement of results p Let K = Q( −D) be an imaginary quadratic field of discriminant −D with D > 3 and D ≡ 3 mod 4. Let OK be the ring of integers and letp "(n) = (−D=n) = (n=D) be the Kronecker symbol. × We view " as a quadratic character of (OK = −DOK ) via the isomorphism p ∼ Z=DZ = OK = −DOK : p A canonical Hecke character of K is a Hecke character k of conductor −DOK satisfying p 2k−1 + k(αOK ) = "(α)α for (αOK ; −DOK ) = 1; k 2 Z (1.1) (see [R2]). The number of such characters equals the class number h(−D) of K.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Riemann Hypothesis Ricardo Pérez-Marco
    Notes on the Riemann Hypothesis Ricardo Pérez-Marco To cite this version: Ricardo Pérez-Marco. Notes on the Riemann Hypothesis. 2018. hal-01713875 HAL Id: hal-01713875 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01713875 Preprint submitted on 21 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NOTES ON THE RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS RICARDO PEREZ-MARCO´ Abstract. Our aim is to give an introduction to the Riemann Hypothesis and a panoramic view of the world of zeta and L-functions. We first review Riemann's foundational article and discuss the mathematical background of the time and his possible motivations for making his famous conjecture. We discuss some of the most relevant developments after Riemann that have contributed to a better understanding of the conjecture. Contents 1. Euler transalgebraic world. 2 2. Riemann's article. 8 2.1. Meromorphic extension. 8 2.2. Value at negative integers. 10 2.3. First proof of the functional equation. 11 2.4. Second proof of the functional equation. 12 2.5. The Riemann Hypothesis. 13 2.6. The Law of Prime Numbers. 17 3. On Riemann zeta-function after Riemann.
    [Show full text]
  • Algebraic Hecke Characters Motivation
    Algebraic Hecke Characters Motivation This motivation was inspired by the excellent article [Serre-Tate, x 7]. Our goal is to prove the main theorem of complex multiplication. The Galois theoretic formulation is as follows: Theorem (Main Theorem of Complex Multiplication). Let (A; α) be a CM abelian variety over a number field K ⊂ Q; and let (L; Φ) be its CM-type. (i) The reflex field E ⊂ Q is contained in K: × (ii) There exists a unique algebraic Hecke character : AK ! L such that for each `; the continuous homomorphism ab × φ` : Gal(K =K) ! L` −1 φ`(a) = (a)alg(a` ) ab is equal to the `-adic representation of Gal(K =K) on the `-adic Tate module V`(A): (iii) The algebraic part of is alg = NΦ ◦ NmK=E; where NΦ : ResE=QGm ! ResL=QGm denotes the reflex norm. (v) If v is a finite place of K where A has good reduction, say A/κv; then for any uniformizer πv of OKv ; we have (πv) = F rA;qv ; where #κv = qv: Let's meditate on this statement to understand the need for algebraic Hecke characters. We start with (v): Because A=K has CM by L; we have a diagram 0 redv 0 i : L,! End (A) −−! End (AL) where the second map is the reduction at v map. The second map is injective. Indeed, for any m prime to qv;A[m] is a finite etale group scheme over OKv ; for such group schemes, the reduction map is always isomorphism. Now F rA;qv commutes with every kv endomorphism of A: In particular, it centralizes the image of i in End0(A): But because A is CM, so in particular, [iL : Q] = 2 dim(A); we must have 1 0 F rA;qv 2 im(i): Let πv 2 L denote the unique preimage of F rA;qv : All Galois representations φ` on 0 V`(A) are completely encoded in the collection fπvg; by the Chebotarev density theorem.
    [Show full text]
  • Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture in the Complex Multiplication Case
    BIRCH AND SWINNERTON-DYER CONJECTURE IN THE COMPLEX MULTIPLICATION CASE AND THE CONGRUENT NUMBER PROBLEM KAZUMA MORITA Abstract. For an elliptic curve E over K, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture predicts that the rank of Mordell-Weil group E(K) is equal to the order of the zero of L(E/K ,s) at s = 1. In this paper, we shall give a proof for elliptic curves with complex multiplications. The key method of the proof is to reduce the Galois action of infinite order on the Tate module of an elliptic curve to that of finite order by using the p-adic Hodge theory. As a corollary, we can determine whether a given natural number is a congruent number (con- gruent number problem). This problem is one of the oldest unsolved problems in mathematics. 1. Introduction A natural number N is called a congruent number if it is the area of a rational right-angled triangle. To determine whether N is a congruent number is a difficult problem which can be traced back at least a millennium and is the oldest major unsolved problem in number theory. For example, it is easy to verify that 6 is a congruent number since the sides lengths (3, 4, 5) give the right-angled triangle whose area is 6. Furthermore, 5 and 7 are shown to be congruent numbers by Fibonacci and Euler. On the other hand, Fermat showed that the square numbers are never congruent numbers and, based on this experience, led to the famous Fermat’s conjecture. In modern language, a natural number N is a congruent number if and only if there exists a rational point (x, y) with y =6 0 on the elliptic arXiv:1803.11074v3 [math.NT] 30 May 2019 curve y2 = x3 − N 2x.
    [Show full text]
  • L-Functions and Non-Abelian Class Field Theory, from Artin to Langlands
    L-functions and non-abelian class field theory, from Artin to Langlands James W. Cogdell∗ Introduction Emil Artin spent the first 15 years of his career in Hamburg. Andr´eWeil charac- terized this period of Artin's career as a \love affair with the zeta function" [77]. Claude Chevalley, in his obituary of Artin [14], pointed out that Artin's use of zeta functions was to discover exact algebraic facts as opposed to estimates or approxi- mate evaluations. In particular, it seems clear to me that during this period Artin was quite interested in using the Artin L-functions as a tool for finding a non- abelian class field theory, expressed as the desire to extend results from relative abelian extensions to general extensions of number fields. Artin introduced his L-functions attached to characters of the Galois group in 1923 in hopes of developing a non-abelian class field theory. Instead, through them he was led to formulate and prove the Artin Reciprocity Law - the crowning achievement of abelian class field theory. But Artin never lost interest in pursuing a non-abelian class field theory. At the Princeton University Bicentennial Conference on the Problems of Mathematics held in 1946 \Artin stated that `My own belief is that we know it already, though no one will believe me { that whatever can be said about non-Abelian class field theory follows from what we know now, since it depends on the behavior of the broad field over the intermediate fields { and there are sufficiently many Abelian cases.' The critical thing is learning how to pass from a prime in an intermediate field to a prime in a large field.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1604.08551V6 [Math.NT] 23 Feb 2019 field Conductor 1.1
    BURGESS-LIKE SUBCONVEXITY FOR GL1 HAN WU Abstract. We generalize our previous method on subconvexity problem for GL2 × GL1 with cuspidal representations to Eisenstein series, and deduce a Burgess-like subconvex bound for Hecke characters, 1/4−(1−2θ)/16+ǫ i.e., the bound |L(1/2,χ)|≪F,ǫ C(χ) for varying Hecke characters χ over a number field F with analytic conductor C(χ). As a main tool, we apply the extended theory of regularized integral due to Zagier developed in a previous paper to obtain the relevant triple product formulas of Eisenstein series. Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Statement of Main Result 1 1.2. Discussion on Method 3 1.3. Notations and Conventions 4 2. Miscellaneous Preliminaries 5 2.1. Extension of Zagier’s Regularized Integral 5 2.2. Regularized Triple Product Formula 7 2.3. Extension of Global Zeta Integral 12 2.4. Classical Vectors in Spherical Series 15 3. Local Estimations 18 3.1. Non Archimedean Places for Exceptional Part 18 3.2. Non Archimedean Places for L4-Norms 19 4. Proof of Main Result 20 4.1. Reduction to Global Period Bound 20 4.2. Reduction to Bound of Truncated Integral 21 4.3. Interlude: Failure of Truncation on Eisenstein series 22 4.4. Regroupment of Generalized Fourier Inversion 23 4.5. Bounds for Each Part 24 5. Complements of Global Estimations 25 5.1. Estimation for Exceptional Part 25 5.2. Estimation for Regularized L4-Norms 28 arXiv:1604.08551v6 [math.NT] 23 Feb 2019 6. Appendix: Dis-adelization in a Special Case 32 Acknowledgement 37 References 37 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Algebraic Number Theory — Problem Sheet #3
    Algebraic Number Theory — problem sheet #3 1. (i) Show that AQ = R × (Zb ⊗ Q). (ii) Use Theorem 5.4 to show that for any extension L=K of number fields AL ' AK ⊗K L. (iii) Let L=K be a finite extension of number fields, Show that the trace maps trLw=Kv : Lw ! Kv define a continuous additive homomorphism trL=K : AL ! AK , whose restriction to L is the trace map L ! K. (iv) Repeat (iii) for the norm map and the idele group. 2. (i) Let F be a local field. If f 2 S(F ) and g(x) = f(ax + b), compute gb in terms of fb. n (ii) Let F=Qp be finite. Compute the Fourier transform of the characteristic function of b+πF oF . Deduce that the Fourier transform maps S(F ) to itself, and that the Fourier inversion formula holds for S(F). (iii) Verify that if F = R or C then ζ(f; s) = ΓF (s), where ( 2 e−πx if F = f(x) = R −2πxx¯ e if F = C 3. Let F=Qp be finite, and f 2 S(F ). s −s (i) Show that if f(0) = 0, then ζ(f; s) 2 C[q ; q ], hence is analytic for all s 2 C. (ii) Show that in general ζ(f; s) is analytic except for a simple pole at s = 0 with residue f(0)= log q. If you like analysis, investigate the analyticity of ζ(f; s) for an arbitrary f 2 S(F ) when F is archimedean. 4. Let L=K be an extension of number fields of degree n.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1707.01770V2 [Math.HO] 21 Feb 2018 4.2
    NOTES ON THE RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS RICARDO PEREZ-MARCO´ Abstract. Our aim is to give an introduction to the Riemann Hypothesis and a panoramic view of the world of zeta and L-functions. We first review Riemann's foundational article and discuss the mathematical background of the time and his possible motivations for making his famous conjecture. We discuss some of the most relevant developments after Riemann that have contributed to a better understanding of the conjecture. Contents 1. Euler transalgebraic world. 2 2. Riemann's article. 8 2.1. Meromorphic extension. 8 2.2. Value at negative integers. 10 2.3. First proof of the functional equation. 11 2.4. Second proof of the functional equation. 12 2.5. The Riemann Hypothesis. 13 2.6. The Law of Prime Numbers. 17 3. On Riemann zeta-function after Riemann. 20 3.1. Explicit formulas. 20 3.2. Poisson-Newton formula 23 3.3. Montgomery phenomenon. 24 3.4. Quantum chaos. 25 3.5. Statistics on Riemann zeros. 27 3.6. Adelic character. 31 4. The universe of zeta-functions. 33 4.1. Dirichlet L-functions. 33 arXiv:1707.01770v2 [math.HO] 21 Feb 2018 4.2. Dedekind zeta-function. 34 Key words and phrases. Riemann Hypothesis, zeta function. We added section 3.2 and 3.5 (February 2018). These notes grew originally from a set of conferences given on March 2010 on the \Problems of the Millenium\ at the Complutense University in Madrid. I am grateful to the organizers Ignacio Sols and Vicente Mu~noz. I also thank Javier Fres´anfor his assistance with the notes from my talk, Jes´usMu~noz,Arturo Alvarez,´ Santiago Boza and Javier Soria for their reading and comments on earlier versions of this text.
    [Show full text]
  • Fourier Analysis on Number Fields, by D. Ramakrishnan and R. J. Valenza
    BULLETIN (New Series) OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 37, Number 3, Pages 373{377 S 0273-0979(00)00872-7 Article electronically published on April 7, 2000 Fourier analysis on number fields, by D. Ramakrishnan and R. J. Valenza, Springer, New York, 1999, xxi + 350 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-387-98436-4 Dinakar Ramakrishnan and Robert J. Valenza's recent book Fourier Analysis on Number Fields ([RV]) is an introduction to number theory organized around John Tate's 1950 Princeton Ph.D. thesis [T]. Less comprehensive than Weil's famous book Basic Number Theory ([W]), Ramakrishnan and Valenza's book is notable for the thoroughness with which it treats the analytic background necessary to fully appreciate the technicalities of Tate's methods. Tate's thesis, \Fourier Analysis in Number Fields and Hecke's Zeta-Functions", combined techniques of abstract Fourier analysis with the valuation-theoretic ap- proach to algebraic number theory developed by Chevalley and Artin and Whaples to obtain an extremely powerful and elegant approach to the theory of zeta func- tions. The approach pioneered by Tate in his thesis has proved to be extremely in- fluential in many later developments in number theory. Ramakrishnan and Valenza convey an appreciation for the depth of the analysis underlying Tate's work and the power and clarity of Tate's methods. The reader who masters the material in Ramakrishnan and Valenza's text will have no trouble going on to read the more general results, including the proofs of the main theorems of Class Field Theory, as given in Weil's book.
    [Show full text]
  • Math 620 Home Work Assignment 3 1. Let K Be an Imaginary Quadratic
    Math 620 Home Work Assignment 3 1. Let K be an imaginary quadratic field. For every z K with Im(z) > 0, let Lz be the 2 lattice Z + Z z C, and let Ez be the elliptic curve C=Lz. Denote by j(z) = j(Ez) · ⊂ the j-invariant of Ez. (i) The ring of endomorphisms End(Ez) of Ez is an order of OK , necessariy equal to Z+fOK for a unique f N>0. Show that K(j(z)) is the ring class field of K with conductor f, i.e. the abelian2 extension of K which corresponds to the subgroup × (Z + fOK ) Z Z (K× K×)=(K× K×) AK× =(K× K×) ⊗ · 1 · 1 · ⊂ 1 · b under class field theory. cycl (ii) Let Ky be the extension field of K generated by Q and all elements of the form j(z), with z K, Im(z) > 0. Describe the abelian extension Ky of K using class 2 ab field theory, and show that Gal(K =Ky) is a product of groups of order 2. k 2. Let k be an number field. Denote by S the quotient of k× = Resk=QGm such that k X∗( S) = χ X∗(k×) (1 σ)(1 + ι) χ = (1 + ι)(1 σ) χ = 0; σ Gal(Q=Q) 2 j − − 8 2 where ι denotes a complex conjugation. Prove that there exists a subgroup Γ O× of ⊂ K finite index such that for every subgroup Γ1 Γ of finite index, the quotient of k× by k ⊂ the Zariski closure of Γ1 is equal to S.
    [Show full text]