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Research Article Volume 6 Issue No. 8 Determination of Water Quality Index of (Wadsa) In District of State () Rewatkar S. B. 1, Doifode S. K. 2, Kanojiya A. B.3 Principal, M. Zaweri College, Desaiganj (Wadsa) Dist. Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India1 Assistant Professor, Govt. Engineering College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India2 Research Scholar, University, Dist. Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India. 3

Abstract: The main aim of this study is to assess the suitability of the water for drinking purpose. A systematic study has been carried out to assess the water quality index of Wainganga river, yearly as well as seasonally. In present study, the physico-chemical parameters of the Wainganga river at Desaiganj (Wadsa) in of Maharashtra state studied for two years during July 2013 to June 2015 from four different sites W 1 to W4. The study area experiences a seasonal climate and broadly divided into three seasons as rainy, winter and Summer. The samples were collected and analysed for two consecutive years. Each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limit for drinking purpose as recommended by WHO. A Water Quality Index (W QI) provides a single number that expresses overall quality at certain location and time based on several water quality parameters. The objective o f WQI is to turn complex quality data into easily understandable and useable by the public. For calculating the WQI following physico - chemical parameters like Water temperature(0C), pH, Electrical Conductivity (µSiemens/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L), Total Alkalinity (mg/L),Total Hardness (mg/L), Calcium Hardness (mg/L), Magnesium Hardness (mg/L), Dissolved Oxygen(mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand(mg/L),Biochemical Oxygen Demand(mg/L), Iron (mg/L),Chloride (mg/L), Fluoride (mg/L), Nitrate(mg/L), Sulphate (mg/L), Phosphate(mg/L). were taken to assess the impact of pollutants due to anthropogenic activities . The water quality index value for the Wainganga river water ranges from. 39.72 to 97.66 during the rainy season, 22.98 to 51.84 during the winter season and 47.04 to 93.73 during the summer season, whereas yearly WQI ranges from 36.55 to 57.62 in the year 2013-14 and from 55.75 to 81.12 in the year 2014-15. In the present investigation the quality of water was found to be good at sampling site W4 and very poor at site W1 of Wainganga river. Seasonally, water is good during winter season and poor to very poor during summer and rainy season. It was also observed that the water in the year 2013-14 was of a better quality than in the year 2014-15.

Ke y words: Desaiganj (Wadsa), Gadchiroli district, Wainganga river water, Water pollution study, Water quality index.

1. Introduction :- proper management of available water resources is essential for the survival of mankind. Interpretation of complex water Water is indispensable and one of the precious quality data is difficult to understand and to communicate natural resource of our planet [1]. Water is vital to the during decision making process. Assembling the various existence of all living organisms, but this valued resource is parameters of the water quality data into one single number increasingly being threatened as human population grows and leads an easy interpretation of data, thus providing an demand more water of high quality for domestic purposes and important tool for management and decision making purposes. economic activities. Water abstraction for domestic use, The purpose of an index is to transform the large quantity of agricultural production, industrial production, power data into information that is easily understandable by the generation, mining, and forestry practices can lead to general public. Water quality index (W QI) exhibits the overall deterioration in water quality and quantity that impact not only water quality at a specific location and specific time based on the aquatic ecosystem but also the availability of safe water several water quality parameters [5]. for human consumption. [2]. The WQI was first developed by Horton in the early Pollution of river is the global problem. In India, it is 1970s, is basically a mathematical means of calculating a reported that about 70 % of the available water is polluted. single value from multiple test results. The index result The chief source of pollution is identified as sewage represents the level of water quality in a given water basin, constituting 84 to 92 percent of the waste water. Industrial such as lake, river or stream. After Horton a number of waste water comprised 8 to 16 percent [3]. Globally, there is workers all over the world developed WQI based on rating of an increasing awareness that water will be one of the most different water quality parameters. Basically a WQI attempts critical natural resources in future. Water scarcity is increasing to provide a mechanism for presenting a cumulatively derived, worldwide and pressure on the existing water recourses is numerical expression defining a certain level of water quality increasing due to the growing demands in several sectors such [6]. The different statistical approaches were followed for as, domestic, industrial, agriculture, hydropower generation, analyzing water quality data based on rank order of etc. Therefore, the evaluation of water quality in various observations and factor analysis [7]. For the evaluation of countries has become a critical research topic in the recent water quality, WQI was applied to river water [8,9,10]. A years [4]. Thus preventing and controlling the overall WQI summarizes large amounts of water quality data into degradation of the quantity and quality of these resources, simple terms (e.g., excellent, good, bad, etc.) for reporting to

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2360 http://ijesc.org/ managers and the public in a consistent manner [11]. The The present work was planned to assess the quality of water standards for drinking purposes as recommended by WHO from four different sites of Wainganga river nearby Desaiganj have been considered for the calculation of WQI (Wadsa) in Gadchiroli district for physico-chemical analysis and the results were compared with the standards given by 2. Materials and Methods :- WHO [13]. To determine the extent of pollution. Water 2.1. Study Area :- samples were collected in the double stoppered polythene Desaiganj (Wadsa) is a town and taluka place of Gadchiroli containers of two liters capacity on the first day of each month district, in the division of the . (once in a month), from the four selected sites at 9.00am to Geographically Desaiganj is situated 200 64’ North latitude 11.00am of Wainganga river for a period of 2 years from July and 790 99’ East longitude. The population of this town is 2013 to June 2015. 83,600. (2011). The town is situated on the left bank of the Table I: Sampling sites of Wainganga River at Desaiganj Wainganga river. The Wainganga originates about 12 km (Wadsa) from Mundara village of in the southern slopes Sampling Place of the of and flows course of sites approximately 360 miles. After joining the Wardha, the W1 Near bridge on Desaiganj- united stream, known as the Pranahita, ultimately falls into the highway at Kaleshwaram, [12]. W2 Virshi Ghat W3 Ghat 2.2. Sampling and Collection of water samples: - W4 Sawangi Ghat

MAP OF WAINGANGA RIVER – DESAIGANJ WADSA AREA (Showing Four Spots)

Sawangi Ghat

Amgaon Ghat

Virshi Ghat

Bramhapuri Wadsa Bridge

Fig I : Map of Wainganga river, Desaiganj (Wadsa) showing four sampling sites denoted by dot

2.3. Methodology :- The physico-chemical analysis of samples of drinking water The water temperature, pH and conductivity of the were carried out according to standard methods of APHA. water samples were determined on the spot using a digital [14]. thermometer, pH meter and conductometer respectively.

Table II :- List of physico-chemical parameters and their test methods S.N. Parameters Unit Test methods 1 Water Temperature 0C Digital thermometer 2 pH - pH meter 3 Electrical Conductivity (EC) µSiemens/cm. Electrical conductivity meter 4 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L Evaporation method 5 Total Alkalinity (TA) mg/L Titration method 6 Total Hardness (TH) mg/L EDTA titrimetric method 7 Calcium Hardness (CaH) mg/L EDTA titrimetric method 8 Magnesium Hardness (MgH) mg/L From the determined total hardness and calcium hardness. 9 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L Winkler method 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L Dichromate Reflux Method 11 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L 5 days incubation at 20° C and titration of initial and final DO. 12 Iron (Fe2+) mg/L Phenanthroline method 13 Chloride (Cl-) mg/L Argentometric titration 14 Fluoride (F-) mg/L Spectrophotometrically - 15 Nitrate (NO3 ) mg/L Spectrophotometrically -- 16 Sulphate (SO4 ) mg/L Turbiditimetric method 3- 17 Phosphate ( PO4 ) mg/L Stannous chloride method

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2361 http://ijesc.org/ 2.4. Water quality Index (WQI):- In this study, the computed levels of WQI values are categorized into five types of human consumption according Water quality index (WQI) may be defined as, the to [19,20] as they are reveal in table 2. rating that reflects the composite influence of a number of water quality factors on the overall quality of water. It reduces Table II : Water Quality Index (WQI) range and status of the large amount of water quality data to a single numerical water quality. value[15]. WQI is one of the most effective expressions which reflect a composite influence of contributing factors on WQI levels Description status the quality of water for any water system [16]. To determine 0-25 Excellent water quality suitability of the water for drinking purpose and indexing system is used. A WQI summarizes information by combining 26-50 Good water quality several sub-indices of constituents (quality variables) into a 51-75 Poor water quality univariate expression. The group should contain the most significant parameters of the dataset, so that the index can 76-100 Very Poor water quality describe the overall position and reflect change in a > 100 Water unsuitable (unfit) for drinking representative manner [17]. (Saxena, 2015) 2.5. Calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI):- 3. Results and Discussion :-

The values of seventeen physico-chemical In current study, Water Quality Index (W QI) was parameters of Wainganga river water at four different sites calculated by using the Weighted Arithmetic Index method (W1, W2, W3 and W4) were collected for two years from July [18,19,20]. In this method, different water quality 2013 to June 2015 and subjected for determination of Water components were multiplied by a weighting factor and were Quality Index (W QI), which were water temperature(0C), pH, then aggregated using simple arithmetic mean. For assessing electrical conductivity (micro-Siemens/cm), total dissolved the quality of water in this study, firstly, the quality rating solids (mg/L), total alkalinity (mg/L),total hardness (mg/L), scale (Qi) for each parameter was calculated by using the calcium hardness (mg/L), magnesium hardness (mg/L), following equation; dissolved oxygen(mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (mg/L), Qi = {[(V actual – V ideal) / (V standard – V ideal)] x100} biochemical oxygen demand (mg/L), iron (mg/L), chloride Qi = {[(Va – Vi) / (Vs – Vi)] x100} (mg/L), fluoride (mg/L), nitrate(mg/L), sulphate (mg/L), Where, th phosphate(mg/L). in different seasons (rainy, winter and Qi = Quality rating of i parameter for a total of n water summer). WQI was calculated yearly and seasonally at four quality parameters sampling sites in order to assess the suitability of Wainganga Va = Actual value of the water quality parameter obtained river water body for different purposes by comparing the from laboratory analysis several values with WHO standard. Vi = Ideal value of that water quality parameter can be WQI values for two years were calculated and obtained from the standard tables. represented with the quality ratings in tables 3.11 and figures V ideal for pH = 7 and for other parameters it is equaling to 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. The present investigation, seasonally the zero, but for DO V ideal = 14.6 mg/L WQI values for Wainganga river water ranges from 39.72 to Vs = Recommended WHO standard of the water quality 97.66 during rainy season, 22.98 to 51.84 during winter season parameter. and 47.04 to 93.73 during summer season. Seasonally, minimum value of WQI were recorded during winter season at After calculating the quality rating scale (Qi), the all sampling sites, whereas maximum value of WQI were relative (unit) weight (Wi) was calculated from standard value recorded during rainy season at all sampling sites except at (Si), where relative weight (Wi) is inversely proportional to site W4. Maximum value of WQI at site W 4 were recorded standard values. during summer season for the year 2013-14. Winter minima Wi 1/ Si might be due to less pollution load during winter season. Wi = p/ Si Rainy maxima might be due to sediment load that was Where, transported from the watershed during rainy season. Whereas Wi = Relative (unit) weight for nth parameter th summer maxima at site W4, might be due to reduced flow of Si = Standard permissible value for n parameter river water, increased concentration of dissolved solids and p = Proportionality constant. electrical conductivity due to increased evaporation rate during summer season. That means, the Relative (unit) weight (Wi) to various water As per WQI, annually for the year 2013-14 the site quality parameters are inversely proportional to the W2, W3 and W4 assessed as good quality sites, whereas site recommended standards for the corresponding parameters . W1 showed poor quality of water. Similarly for the year 2014-

15 site W2, W3 and W4 determined under poor water quality, Where p = whereas W1 under very poor water quality, indicating that the pollution of industrial effluent, agricultural waste, domestic

sewage and anthropogenic activities are more at site W As For the present calculations, the value of p is 1 . far as the spatial variation, water quality was good at the calculated to be 0.06863. Finally, the overall WQI was upstream site (W ) throughout the study period. A general calculated by aggregating the quality rating with the unit 4 progressive increase in the W QI values along the downstream, weight linearly by using the following equation indicated as increase in pollution due to the discharge of

various domestic and industrial waste water and also other WQi = ΣQiW i/ Σ Wi anthropogenic waste along the stretch.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2362 http://ijesc.org/ Table III : WQI value for all the sampling sites of Wainganga river at Desaiganj (Wadsa)

sampling sites WQI for the year 2013-14 WQI for the year 2014-15

Rainy Winter Summer Annual Rainy Winter Summer Annual

W1 76.23 44.10 53.30 57.62 97.66 51.84 93.73 81.12

W2 63.44 28.97 51.30 48.15 90.27 49.20 73.38 70.97

W3 56.63 23.60 49.23 42.67 81.56 45.80 68.32 65.22

W4 39.72 22.98 47.04 36.55 68.27 41.58 57.36 55.75

min 39.72 22.98 47.04 36.55 68.27 41.58 57.36 55.75

max 76.23 44.10 53.30 57.62 97.66 51.84 93.73 81.12

Fig II: Seasonal variations in WQI at all sites for year 2013-14 100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00 rainy 13-14 winter 13-14 summer 13-14 annual 13-14

WQI at site W1 WQI at site W2 WQI at site W3 WQI at site W4

Fig II: Seasonal variations in WQI at all sites for year 2013-14

Fig III : Seasonal variations in WQI at all sites for year 2014-15 . 150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00 rainy 14-15 winter 14-15 summer 14-15 annual 14-15

WQI at site W1 WQI at site W2 WQI at site W3 WQI at site W4

Fig III : Seasonal variations in WQI at all sites for year 2014-15

Fig IV: Spatial variations in WQI for year 2013-15. 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 WQI at site W1 WQI at site W2 WQI at site W3 WQI at site W4

annual 13-14 annual 14-15

Fig IV: S patial variations in WQI for year 2013-15.

4. Conclusion :- increases as we go towards the downstream from the site W 4 From the results, it has been concluded that, the water of to W3, site W3 to W2 and site W2 to W1. Water quality of Wainganga river during the study period was showing the Wainganga river was comparatively poor during rainy and variations from good quality to poor quality and the pollution summer season than winter season, (where the water quality

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2363 http://ijesc.org/ was good). On the basis of experimental findings it can be [8] Kumar A. and Dua A., (2009), Water quality index for concluded that site W1 has higher pollution index than other assessment of water quality of River Ravi at Madhopur. sites, it may be attributed due to increased intensity of EC, Global Journal of Environmental Sciences 8 (1), 49-57. pH, TDS, TA, TH, chloride, sulphate and phosphates compare to other sites .Wainganga river water is used for [9] KumarR.N., et al., (2011), An assessment of seasonal drinking, fishing, irrigation and other domestic purposes. This variation and water quality index of Sabarmati River and study would help the water quality monitoring and Kharicut canal at Ahemadabad, Gujarat; Electronic journal of management in order to improve the quality of water with environmental, agricultural and food chemistry, 2248-2261 maintaining better sustainable management. Based on WQI values, it could be inferred that the water [10]Singkran N., et al., (2010), Determining water conditions quality at the sampling sites were good, poor, very poor and in the Northeastern rivers of Thailand using time series and can only be used for drinking after convential treatment and water quality index models, Journal of Sustainable Energy & disinfection mostly during rainy and summer season. Further Environment , 47-58 it was concluded that, the water quality was better during first year than second year of investigation. [11] Hulya B. (2009), Utilization of the water quality index The above analysis is very useful, cost effective and time method as a classification tool. Environmental Monitoring and saving method to get accurate idea of quality of Wainganga Assessment. river water. The analysis give us tool to predict the level of pollution by investigating the water parameters and take [12]Wainganga River- Wikipedia, the free enclopedia preventive measures prior to the detailed pollution monitoring http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wainganga- river. of river Wainganga. [13] WHO, Guidelines for Drinking water Quality, (2011), Acknowledgement- 4th Ed, World Health Organization, Geneva. Authors are thankful to the Principal, Government Engineering College, Amravati for providing laboratory [14] APHA, (2005), Standard Methods for the Examination of facilities to conduct the present work. Water and Wastewater; APHA, AWWA and WEF, 21st Edition, 2005. References [1] Sirajudeen J.,Manikandan S.A. and Manivel V., (2013), [15] Tiwari T.N. and Mishra M. (1985) A preliminary Water quality index of ground water around Ampikapuram assignment of water quality index of major Indian rivers, area near Uyyakondan channel Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil IJEP.;5, 276-279. Nadu, India Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 5 (3), 21-26 [16]Sonawane G.H. and Shrivastava V.S., (2010), Ground Water Quality Assessment Nearer to the Dye user Industry. [2].UNEP/GEMS, United Nations Environment Scholars Res. Lib., 2 (6), 126-130. Programme Global Environment Monitoring System/ Water Programme (2006). Water Quality for Eco-system [17] Kulkarni U.D.,Sangpal R.R., (2014) Surface Water and Human Health. UN GEMS /Water Programme Office c/o Quality Index of Ujjani Reservoir and its Assessment, Solapur National Water Research Institute 867 Lake -shore Road District, India International Journal of Recent Trends in Burlington, Ontario, L7R 4A6 CANADA available on-Line. Science And Technology, 13( 2), 379-385 http://www.gemswater.org/. [18] Cude C., (2001), Oregon water quality index: A tool for [3] Joshi D.M., Kumar A. and Agrawal N.,(2009), Studies evaluating water quality management effectiveness. Journal of on physico-chemical parameters to assess the water quality of the American Water Resources Association, 37, 125–137. river Ganga for drinking.purpose in Haridwar District Rasayan J chem. 2(1), 195-203. [19] Ahmad I. Khwakaram, S alih N. Majid, Nzar Y. Hama, (2012), Determination of Water quality index [4] OngleyE.D., (1998), Modernization of Water Quality (WQI) for Qalyasan stream in Sulaimani City/Kurdistan Programs in Developing Countries Issues of Relevancy and region of Iraq. 2 ( 4) , IJPAES ISSN 2231-4490. Cost Efficiency, Water Quality International, 37-42. [20] Saxena S., (2015), Studies on the water quality [5] Akkaraboyina M.K. and Raju B.S.N., (2012), A parameters and development of nano-composites for water Comparative Study of Water Quality Indices of River treatment at Bassi area in Jaipur, Rajasthan, Ph.D thesis Godavari International Journal of Engineering Research and submitted to Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Development eISSN : 2278-067X, pISSN : 2278-800X, Rajasthan, India. www.ijerd.com 2( 3), 29-34. [21] Singh M. and Singh S. K., (2014),Water Quality Index [6] Miller, Joung W.W., et al., (1986). Identification of water of Mansi Ganga, Radha and Shyam, Kunds of Govardhan, quality differences in Nevada through index application. Mathura GJRA –Global Journal for Research Analysis , 3 ( 6). J.Environ Quality 15, 265-272. [22] Choudhary P. et al., (2014), Studies on the [7] Shoji. H, et al., (1966), Factor analysis of stream pollution Physico-Chemical Parameters of Bilawali Tank, Indore (M.P.) of the Yodo River Sysytem. Air Water Pollut. Inst J. 10,291- India IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology 299. And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 8, ( 1 )Ver. I, 37-40

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2364 http://ijesc.org/ Table V : Determination of water quality index (WQI) of physico- chemical parameters of sampling site W1 of

Wainganga river at Desaiganj (Wadsa) for 2013-15(Annual) 2013-14 (Annual) 2014-15 (Annual) parame (Va) (Si) (Wi) (Vi) (Vs) (Qi) (WiQi) (Va) (Qi) (WiQi) ter a b c=p/b d e f={[(a-d)/(e-d)]x100} g=cxf h i={[(h-d)/(e-d)]x100} j=cxi Temp 25.33 40 0.00172 0 40 63.321 0.109 25.93 64.825 0.111 pH 7.99 8.5 0.00807 7 8.5 66.000 0.533 8.14 76.000 0.614 EC 282.08 600 0.00011 0 600 47.013 0.005 257.67 42.945 0.005 TDS 159.53 600 0.00011 0 600 26.588 0.003 172.17 28.695 0.003 TA 140.41 200 0.00034 0 200 70.205 0.024 153.68 76.840 0.026 TH 117.33 500 0.00014 0 500 23.466 0.003 117.47 23.494 0.003 CaH 79.61 100 0.00069 0 100 79.610 0.055 75.77 75.770 0.052 MgH 37.72 75 0.00092 0 75 50.293 0.046 41.70 55.600 0.051 DO 5.65 6 0.01144 14.6 6 104.070 1.190 4.26 120.233 1.375 COD 6.29 10 0.00686 0 10 62.900 0.432 6.84 68.400 0.469 BOD 2.25 10 0.00686 0 10 22.500 0.154 2.46 24.600 0.169 ++ Fe 0.04 0.3 0.22877 0 0.3 13.333 3.050 0.13 43.333 9.913 Cl - 15.06 250 0.00027 0 250 6.024 0.002 28.80 11.520 0.003 - F 0.40 1.5 0.04575 0 1.5 26.667 1.220 0.57 38.000 1.739 - NO 3 2.70 50 0.00137 0 50 5.400 0.007 3.74 7.480 0.010 2- SO 4 13.87 250 0.00027 0 250 5.548 0.002 17.66 7.064 0.002 3- PO 4 0.074 0.1 0.68630 0 0.1 74.000 50.786 0.097 97.000 66.571 Total 1.00001 57.622 81.117 WQI WQI = WiQi/Wi 57.62 WQI = WiQi/Wi 81.12 (p=0.06863) , (Va)=actual mean of measured value obtained from laboratory analysis, (Si)= water quality standard value ,(Wi)=relative weight, (Vi)= ideal value obtained from standard table ,(Vs))=standard permissible value by WHO , (Qi)=quality rating ,(WiQi)=weighted value the year average. The standard values of WHO for parameters like temperature and TA were taken from Singh M.and Singh S.K.,( 2014)[21], whereas EC,DO,COD,BOD were taken from Sirajudeen et.al., (2013) [1]while phosphate was taken from Choudhary et.al., (2014)[22] and the remaining parameters were taken from WHO 2011.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2365 http://ijesc.org/

Table VI : Determination of water quality index (WQI) of physico- chemical parameters of sampling site W2 of Wainganga river at Desaiganj (Wadsa) for 2013-15(Annual) 2013-14 (Annual) 2014-15 (Annual) paramet (Va) (Si) (Wi) (Vi) (Vs) (Qi) (WiQi) (Va) (Qi) (WiQi) er a b c=p/b d e f={[(a-d)/(e-d)]x100} g=cxf h i={[(h-d)/(e-d)]x100} j=cxi Temp 25.17 40 0.00172 0 40 62.925 0.108 25.78 64.450 0.111 pH 7.82 8.5 0.00807 7 8.5 54.667 0.441 8.04 69.333 0.560 EC 271.57 600 0.00011 0 600 45.262 0.005 246.21 41.035 0.005 TDS 149.17 600 0.00011 0 600 24.862 0.003 166.78 27.797 0.003 TA 133.21 200 0.00034 0 200 66.605 0.023 143.44 71.720 0.025 TH 109.39 500 0.00014 0 500 21.878 0.003 110.92 22.184 0.003 CaH 74.83 100 0.00069 0 100 74.830 0.051 71.73 71.730 0.049 MgH 34.56 75 0.00092 0 75 46.080 0.042 39.19 52.253 0.048 DO 5.85 6 0.01144 14.6 6 101.744 1.164 4.59 116.395 1.331 COD 5.86 10 0.00686 0 10 58.600 0.402 6.31 63.100 0.433 BOD 2.05 10 0.00686 0 10 20.500 0.141 2.24 22.400 0.154 ++ Fe 0.06 0.3 0.22877 0 0.3 20.000 4.575 0.15 50.000 11.438 - Cl 13.22 250 0.00027 0 250 5.288 0.001 27.04 10.816 0.003 - F 0.45 1.5 0.04575 0 1.5 30.000 1.373 0.62 41.333 1.891 - 2.44 50 0.00137 0 50 4.880 0.007 3.25 6.500 0.009 NO 3 2- 12.30 250 0.00027 0 250 4.920 0.001 16.24 6.496 0.002 SO 4 3- 0.058 0.1 0.68630 0 0.1 58.000 39.805 0.080 80.000 54.904 PO 4 Total 1.00001 48.146 70.9683 WQI WQI = WiQi/Wi 48.15 WQI = WiQi/Wi 70.97 (p=0.06863) , (Va)=actual mean of measured value obtained from laboratory analysis, (Si)= water quality standard value ,(Wi)=relative weight, (Vi)= ideal value obtained from standard table ,(Vs))=standard permissible value by WHO , (Qi)=quality rating ,(WiQi)=weighted value the year average. The standard values of WHO for parameters like temperature and TA were taken from Singh M.and Singh S.K.,( 2014)[21], whereas EC,DO,COD,BOD were taken from Sirajudeen et.al., (2013)[1]while phosphate was taken from Choudhary et.al., (2014) [22]and the remaining parameters were taken from WHO 2011.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2366 http://ijesc.org/

Table VII : Determination of water quality index (WQI) of physico- chemical parameters of sampling site W3 of

Wainganga river at Desaiganj (Wadsa) for 2013-15(Annual) 2013-14 (Annual) 2014-15 (Annual) parame (Va) (Si) (Wi) (Vi) (Vs) (Qi) (WiQi) (Va) (Qi) (WiQi) ter a b c=p/b d e f={[(a-d)/(e-d)]x100} g=cxf h i={[(h-d)/(e-d)]x100} j=cxi Temp 24.98 40 0.00172 0 40 62.450 0.107 25.49 63.725 0.109 pH 7.69 8.5 0.00807 7 8.5 46.000 0.371 7.64 42.667 0.344 EC 260.19 600 0.00011 0 600 43.365 0.005 230.04 38.340 0.004 TDS 139.72 600 0.00011 0 600 23.287 0.003 155.16 25.860 0.003 TA 123.74 200 0.00034 0 200 61.870 0.021 128.00 64.000 0.022 TH 102.12 500 0.00014 0 500 20.424 0.003 102.42 20.484 0.003 CaH 67.77 100 0.00069 0 100 67.770 0.047 66.76 66.760 0.046 MgH 34.35 75 0.00092 0 75 45.800 0.042 35.66 47.547 0.044 DO 6.24 6 0.01144 14.6 6 97.209 1.112 5.36 107.442 1.229 COD 5.31 10 0.00686 0 10 53.100 0.364 5.28 52.800 0.362 BOD 1.84 10 0.00686 0 10 18.400 0.126 1.87 18.700 0.128 ++ Fe 0.07 0.3 0.22877 0 0.3 23.333 5.338 0.16 53.333 12.201 - Cl 11.32 250 0.00027 0 250 4.528 0.001 24.66 9.864 0.003 - F 0.49 1.5 0.04575 0 1.5 32.667 1.495 0.65 43.333 1.983 - NO 3 1.66 50 0.00137 0 50 3.320 0.005 2.31 4.620 0.006 2- SO 4 11.180 250 0.00027 0 250 4.472 0.001 14.700 5.880 0.002 3- 0.049 0.1 0.071 PO 4 0.68630 0 0.1 49.000 33.629 71.000 48.727 Total 1.00001 42.67 65.22 WQI WQI = WiQi/Wi 42.67 WQI = WiQi/Wi 65.22 (p=0.06863) , (Va)=actual mean of measured value obtained from laboratory analysis, (Si)= water quality standard value ,(Wi)=relative weight, (Vi)= ideal value obtained from standard table ,(Vs))=standard permissible value by WHO , (Qi)=quality rating ,(WiQi)=weighted value the year average. The standard values of WHO for parameters like temperature and TA were taken from Singh M.and Singh S.K.,( 2014)[21], whereas EC,DO,COD,BOD were taken from Sirajudeen et.al., (2013)[1] while phosphate was taken from Choudhary et.al., (2014)[22] and the remaining parameters were taken from WHO 2011.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2367 http://ijesc.org/ Table VIII : Determination of water quality index (WQI) of physico- chemical parameters of sampling site W4 of

Wainganga river at Desaiganj (Wadsa) for 2013-15(Annual) 2013-14 (Annual) 2014-15 (Annual) param (Va) (Si) (Wi) (Vi) (Vs) (Qi) (WiQi) (Va) (Qi) (WiQi) eter a b c=p/b d e f={[(a-d)/(e-d)]x100} g=cxf h i={[(h-d)/(e-d)]x100} j=cxi Temp 24.81 40 0.00172 0 40 62.025 0.106 25.10 62.750 0.108 pH 7.56 8.5 0.00807 7 8.5 37.333 0.301 7.52 34.667 0.280 EC 245.52 600 0.00011 0 600 40.920 0.005 212.53 35.422 0.004 TDS 129.77 600 0.00011 0 600 21.628 0.002 149.22 24.870 0.003 TA 112.75 200 0.00034 0 200 56.375 0.019 113.53 56.765 0.019 TH 93.42 500 0.00014 0 500 18.684 0.003 91.52 18.304 0.003 CaH 62.44 100 0.00069 0 100 62.440 0.043 59.81 59.810 0.041 MgH 30.98 75 0.00092 0 75 41.307 0.038 31.71 42.280 0.039 DO 6.51 6 0.01144 14.6 6 94.070 1.076 5.79 102.442 1.172 COD 4.83 10 0.00686 0 10 48.300 0.331 4.31 43.100 0.296 BOD 1.60 10 0.00686 0 10 16.000 0.110 1.41 14.100 0.097 Fe ++ 0.08 0.3 0.22877 0 0.3 26.667 6.100 0.17 56.667 12.963 Cl - 9.31 250 0.00027 0 250 3.724 0.001 22.99 9.196 0.003 F - 0.54 1.5 0.04575 0 1.5 36.000 1.647 0.75 50.000 2.288 - NO 3 1.39 50 0.00137 0 50 2.780 0.004 1.95 3.900 0.005 2- SO 4 9.55 250 0.00027 0 250 3.820 0.001 13.18 5.272 0.001 3- PO 4 0.039 0.1 0.68630 0 0.1 39.000 26.766 0.056 56.000 38.433 Total 1.00001 36.554 55.754 WQI WQI = WiQi/Wi 36.55 WQI = WiQi/Wi 55.75 (p=0.06863) , (Va)=actual mean of measured value obtained from laboratory analysis, (Si)= water quality standard value ,(Wi)=relative weight, (Vi)= ideal value obtained from standard table ,(Vs))=standard permissible value by WHO , (Qi)=quality rating ,(WiQi)=weighted value the year average. The standard values of WHO for parameters like temperature and TA were taken from Singh M.and Singh S.K.,( 2014)[21], whereas EC,DO,COD,BOD were taken from Sirajudeen et.al., (2013)[1] while phosphate was taken from Choudhary et.al., (2014)[22] and the remaining parameters were taken from WHO 2011.

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016 2368 http://ijesc.org/