Sir Cynon Called the Knight of the Fountain
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Queen Guinevere
Ingvarsdóttir 1 Hugvísindasvið Queen Guinevere: A queen through time B.A. Thesis Marie Helga Ingvarsdóttir June 2011 Ingvarsdóttir 2 Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Enskudeild Queen Guinevere: A queen through time B.A. Thesis Marie Helga Ingvarsdóttir Kt.: 060389-3309 Supervisor: Ingibjörg Ágústsdóttir June 2011 Ingvarsdóttir 3 Abstract This essay is an attempt to recollect and analyze the character of Queen Guinevere in Arthurian literature and movies through time. The sources involved here are Welsh and other Celtic tradition, Latin texts, French romances and other works from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Malory’s and Tennyson’s representation of the Queen, and finally Guinevere in the twentieth century in Bradley’s and Miles’s novels as well as in movies. The main sources in the first three chapters are of European origins; however, there is a focus on French and British works. There is a lack of study of German sources, which could bring different insights into the character of Guinevere. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the evolution of Queen Guinevere and to point out that through the works of Malory and Tennyson, she has been misrepresented and there is more to her than her adulterous relation with Lancelot. This essay is exclusively focused on Queen Guinevere and her analysis involves other characters like Arthur, Lancelot, Merlin, Enide, and more. First the Queen is only represented as Arthur’s unfaithful wife, and her abduction is narrated. We have here the basis of her character. Chrétien de Troyes develops this basic character into a woman of important values about love and chivalry. -
The Character Model in Le Morte Darthur
The Character Model in Le Morte Darthur Anat Koplowitz-Breier ([email protected]) BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY (RAMAT-GAN) Resumen Palabras clave Los personajes de La muerte de Arturo, La muerte de Arturo de Sir Thomas Malory, no se ajustan a la Malory definición estándar típica de los Caracterización personajes del romance. De hecho, Tipo pueden ser ubicados en una especie de Modelo de personaje estado transitorio que ha sido La dama denominado modelo de personaje. Tras La mujer con poderes mágicos dilucidar la naturaleza de tal concepto, este artículo procede a investigar dos modelos relativos a mujeres en La Muerte de Arturo: «La Dama» y «La Mujer con Poderes Mágicos». Abstract Key words The characters in Sir Thomas ’ Le Morte Darthur La Morte ’ do not conform to Malory the standard definition of Romance Characterization personae. In fact, they can be placed in Type a kind of transitional stage which has ’Model been called a ’ Model. After The Lady elucidating the nature of such a The Woman with Magical Power concept, this paper goes on to investigate two ’ Models of women in the Le Morte Darthur: «The Lady» and «The Woman with Magical AnMal Electrónica 25 (2008) Powers». ISSN 1697-4239 In the memory of my beloved teacher Prof. Ruth Reichelberg, who taught me what it means to be an academic person and a true Character Sir Thomas Malory's Morte is a mixture of at least two genres, Romance and Chronicle (Pochoda 1971). As McCarthy writes, his style is not of one piece: «’ matière is the matière of romance, but the sens, the ‘’ is perhaps not» (1988: 148). -
This Site © 2000, Dustin Evermore. to Navigate This Site, Click the Section
A Fuzion Fantasy role playing game by Dustin Evermore This site © 2000, Dustin Evermore. To navigate this site, click the section you want from the left frame, then select the chapter from the right frame. http://www.actionstudios.com/dol/index.html [4/4/2001 9:35:38 AM] History Religion Druids Saxon Religion Life in Britain The Otherworld http://www.actionstudios.com/dol/settingframe.html [4/4/2001 9:35:40 AM] HISTORY The history of the lands of Dawn of Legends is quite similar to the history of these lands of our world. However, there are some rather critical differences. The following outlines these. Ancient Times In the centuries B.C.E. (Before Common Era), the Celtic peoples populated much of Europe. Although the ancient Celts varied in description, they had a reasonably similar culture. The religion of the Celts in particular helped to unify tradition. The ancient druidic faith held the sum of all the Celt people’s knowledge and laws. The ancient druids generally maintained a neutrality in politics and gained impartiality in as judges of important social matters among the Celtic peoples. It has been said that a druid could stop a battle between warring tribes in these ancient times simply by walking between the armies. None challenged the authority and power of the druids. Coming of the Romans Boudicea, A Bard’s Tale The Romans line every hill, The conquests of Julius Ceasar targeted the druids as the nerve center and unifying force of Spears bright and deadly still, Blood red with silver shields, the Gallic Celts. -
Masaryk University of Brno
MASARYK UNIVERSITY OF BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Bachelor thesis Brno 2015 Martina Eklová Masaryk University Faculty of Education Department of English Language and Literature Concept of Love Triangle in Medieval Romance Bachelor thesis Brno 2015 Thesis supervisor: Author: Mgr. Jaroslav Izavčuk Martina Eklová Anotace Příběhy, jejichž hlavním tématem je milostný trojúhelník a nevěra, zažily ve středověké literatuře velký rozvoj. Mezi nejznámější patří příběh Tristana a královny Isoldy, stejně jako vyprávění o královně Guinevře a Lancelotovi. Bakalářská práce analyzuje a porovnává tyto dva milostné trojúhelníky a zároveň zkoumá možný vliv Tristanova příběhu na vznik legendy o Lancelotovi. První část bakalářské práce se týká žánru středověké romance a jejích prvků. Další kapitoly zahrnují analýzu milostných trojúhelníků na pozadí středověké společnosti a tehdejšího pojetí manželství a nevěry. Annotation The stories with a love triangle and adultery as its main theme developed significantly during the Middle Ages. Among the most popular ones belong the story of Tristan and Queen Iseult as well as the tale about Queen Guenever and Launcelot. The bachelor thesis analyses and compares these two love triangles and it examines the possible influence of Tristan‟s story on the legend about Launcelot. The first part of the bachelor thesis comprises the genre of medieval romance and its elements. The next chapters involve the analysis of the love triangles against the background of medieval society and its concept of marriage and adultery. Klíčová slova Středověká romance, milostný trojúhelník, manželství, nevěra, Román o Tristanovi a Isoldě, Artušova smrt, Malory, Bédier Keywords Medieval romance, love triangle, marriage, adultery, The Romance of Tristan and Iseult, Le Morte d‟Arthur, Malory, Bédier 1 Affirmation I hereby declare that I have worked on the bachelor thesis independently, using only the sources which are listed in the Bibliography. -
King Arthur and Medieval Knights
Renata Jawniak KING ARTHUR AND MEDIEVAL KNIGHTS 1. Uwagi ogólne Zestaw materiałów opatrzony wspólnym tytułem King Arthur and Medieval Knights jest adresowany do studentów uzupełniających studiów magisterskich na kierun- kach humanistycznych. Przedstawione ćwiczenia mogą być wykorzystane do pracy z grupami studentów filologii, kulturoznawstwa, historii i innych kierunków hu- manistycznych jako materiał przedstawiający kulturę Wielkiej Brytanii. 2. Poziom zaawansowania: B2+/C1 3. Czas trwania opisanych ćwiczeń Ćwiczenia zaprezentowane w tym artykule są przeznaczone na trzy lub cztery jednostki lekcyjne po 90 minut każda. Czas trwania został ustalony na podstawie doświadcze- nia wynikającego z pracy nad poniższymi ćwiczeniami w grupach na poziomie B2+. 4. Cele dydaktyczne W swoim założeniu zajęcia mają rozwijać podstawowe umiejętności językowe, takie jak czytanie, mówienie, słuchanie oraz pisanie. Przy układaniu poszczegól- nych ćwiczeń miałam również na uwadze poszerzanie zasobu słownictwa, dlatego przy tekstach zostały umieszczone krótkie słowniczki, ćwiczenia na odnajdywa- nie słów w tekście oraz związki wyrazowe. Kolejnym celem jest cel poznawczy, czyli poszerzenie wiedzy studentów na temat postaci króla Artura, jego legendy oraz średniowiecznego rycerstwa. 5. Uwagi i sugestie Materiały King Arthur and Medieval Knights obejmują pięć tekstów tematycznych z ćwiczeniami oraz dwie audycje z ćwiczeniami na rozwijanie umiejętności słucha- nia. Przewidziane są tu zadania na interakcję student–nauczyciel, student–student oraz na pracę indywidualną. Ćwiczenia w zależności od poziomu grupy, stopnia 182 IV. O HISTORII I KULTURZE zaangażowania studentów w zajęcia i kierunku mogą być odpowiednio zmodyfiko- wane. Teksty tu zamieszczone możemy czytać i omawiać na zajęciach (zwłaszcza z grupami mniej zaawansowanymi językowo, tak by studenci się nie zniechęcili stopniem trudności) lub część przedstawionych ćwiczeń zadać jako pracę domo- wą, jeżeli nie chcemy poświęcać zbyt dużo czasu na zajęciach. -
Family Tree Maker
Descendants of Beli Mawr Beli Mawr LLud Caswallon [1] [2] [2] [1] Penardun Llyr Adminius Llyr Penardun [3] Bran the [3] Bran the Blessed Blessed [4] [4] Beli Beli [5] [5] Amalech Amalech [6] [7] [6] [7] Eudelen Eugein Eudelen Eugein [8] [9] [8] [9] Eudaf Brithguein Eudaf Brithguein [10] [11] [10] [11] Eliud Dyfwyn Eliud Dyfwyn [12] [13] [12] [13] Outigern Oumun Outigern Oumun [14] [15] [14] [15] Oudicant Anguerit Oudicant Anguerit [16] [17] [16] [17] Ritigern Amgualoyt Ritigern Amgualoyt [18] [19] [18] [19] Iumetal Gurdumn Iumetal Gurdumn [20] [21] [20] [21] Gratus Dyfwn Gratus Dyfwn [22] [23] [22] [23] Erb Guordoli Erb Guordoli [24] [25] [24] [25] Telpuil Doli Telpuil Doli [26] [27] [26] [27] Teuhvant Guorcein Teuhvant Guorcein [28] [29] [28] [29] Tegfan Cein Tegfan Cein [30] [31] [30] [31] Guotepauc Tacit Guotepauc Tacit [32] Coel [33] [34] [32] Coel [33] [34] Hen Ystradwal Paternus Hen Ystradwal Paternus [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] Gwawl Cunedda Garbaniawn Ceneu Edern Gwawl Cunedda Garbaniawn Ceneu Edern [40] Dumnagual [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [36] [35] [40] Dumnagual [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [36] [35] Moilmut Gurgust Ceneu Masguic Mor Pabo Cunedda Gwawl Moilmut Gurgust Ceneu Masguic Mor Pabo Cunedda Gwawl [46] Bran [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] Tybion ap [58] Edern ap [59] Rhufon ap [60] Dunant ap [61] Einion ap [62] Dogfael ap [63] Ceredig ap [64] Osfael ap [65] Afloeg ap [46] Bran [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] Tybion ap [58] Edern ap [59] Rhufon ap [60] Dunant -
Nennius' Historia Brittonum
Nennius’ ‘Historia Brittonum’ Translated by Rev. W. Gunn & J. A. Giles For convenience, this text has been assembled and composed into this PDF document by Camelot On-line. Please visit us on-line at: http://www.heroofcamelot.com/ The Historia Brittonum Table of Contents Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................................4 Preface........................................................................................................................................................5 I. THE PROLOGUE..................................................................................................................................6 1.............................................................................................................................................................6 2.............................................................................................................................................................7 II. THE APOLOGY OF NENNIUS...........................................................................................................7 3.............................................................................................................................................................7 III. THE HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................8 4,5..........................................................................................................................................................8 -
An Arthurian Drama
EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA RALPH ADAMS CRAM EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA Table of Contents EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA...........................................................................................................1 RALPH ADAMS CRAM..............................................................................................................................1 Advertisement:...............................................................................................................................................1 Prologue.........................................................................................................................................................2 Act I................................................................................................................................................................6 ACT II..........................................................................................................................................................44 i EXCALIBUR: AN ARTHURIAN DRAMA RALPH ADAMS CRAM This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online. http://www.blackmask.com • Advertisement: • Prologue • Act I • ACT II Advertisement: Excalibur is the introductory drama of a contemplated trilogy founded on the Arthurian legends as the perfect embodiment of the spirit and impulse of that great Christian epoch we call Mediævalism. The attempt is again madehowever inadequately to do for the epic of our own race, and in a form adapted to dramatic presentation, a small measure of that which -
The Matter of Britain
THE MATTER OF BRITAIN: KING ARTHUR'S BATTLES I had rather myself be the historian of the Britons than nobody, although so many are to be found who might much more satisfactorily discharge the labour thus imposed on me; I humbly entreat my readers, whose ears I may offend by the inelegance of my words, that they will fulfil the wish of my seniors, and grant me the easy task of listening with candour to my history May, therefore, candour be shown where the inelegance of my words is insufficient, and may the truth of this history, which my rustic tongue has ventured, as a kind of plough, to trace out in furrows, lose none of its influence from that cause, in the ears of my hearers. For it is better to drink a wholesome draught of truth from a humble vessel, than poison mixed with honey from a golden goblet Nennius CONTENTS Chapter Introduction 1 The Kinship of the King 2 Arthur’s Battles 3 The River Glein 4 The River Dubglas 5 Bassas 6 Guinnion 7 Caledonian Wood 8 Loch Lomond 9 Portrush 10 Cwm Kerwyn 11 Caer Legion 12 Tribuit 13 Mount Agned 14 Mount Badon 15 Camlann Epilogue Appendices A Uther Pendragon B Arthwys, King of the Pennines C Arthur’s Pilgrimages D King Arthur’s Bones INTRODUCTION Cupbearer, fill these eager mead-horns, for I have a song to sing. Let us plunge helmet first into the Dark Ages, as the candle of Roman civilisation goes out over Europe, as an empire finally fell. The Britons, placid citizens after centuries of the Pax Romana, are suddenly assaulted on three sides; from the west the Irish, from the north the Picts & from across the North Sea the Anglo-Saxons. -
Malory to Milton. In: Demaria, Robert, Chang, Heesok and Zacher, Samantha (Eds.) the Blackwell Companion to British Literature: Early Modern Literature 1450-1660
Maley, Willy, and Swann, Adam (2014) The fortunes of Arthur: Malory to Milton. In: DeMaria, Robert, Chang, Heesok and Zacher, Samantha (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to British Literature: Early Modern Literature 1450-1660. Series: Blackwell companions to literature, 2. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Oxford, pp. 16-28. ISBN 9780470656044 Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) When referring to this work, full bibliographic details must be given http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/70567/ Deposited on: 10 June 2014 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk The Fortunes of Arthur: Malory to Milton Willy Maley and Adam Swann David Matthews, in his contribution to this volume, identifies a tension between veneration of significant figures from the past and scepticism surrounding their authorship, their arguments, and in some cases their existence. Elsewhere, Paul Stevens has shown the extent to which Milton was in a similar predicament, wanting to find in England’s history a subject worthy of epic, but torn between the rigorous revisionism of the likes of Camden and Selden and ‘the patriotic [tradition] mediated through Spenser, Shakespeare, and Drayton’ (Stevens 2012: 157). Between Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur, completed by 1470, and published by Caxton – with carefully qualified scepticism about Arthur’s existence – in 1485, and Milton’s History of Britain (1670), we can follow the fortunes of Arthur as a figure contested and celebrated in equal measure. -
The Early Arthur: History and Myth
1 RONALD HUTTON The early Arthur: history and myth For anybody concerned with the origins of the Arthurian legend, one literary work should represent the point of embarkation: the Historia Brittonum or History of the British . It is both the earliest clearly dated text to refer to Arthur, and the one upon which most efforts to locate and identify a histor- ical fi gure behind the name have been based. From it, three different routes of enquiry proceed, which may be characterised as the textual, the folkloric and the archaeological, and each of these will now be followed in turn. The Arthur of literature Any pursuit of Arthur through written texts needs to begin with the Historia itself; and thanks primarily to the researches of David Dumville and Nicholas Higham, we now know more or less exactly when and why it was produced in its present form. It was completed in Gwynedd, the north-western king- dom of Wales, at the behest of its monarch, Merfyn, during the year 830. Merfyn was no ordinary Welsh ruler of the age, but an able and ruthless newcomer, an adventurer who had just planted himself and his dynasty on the throne of Gwynedd, and had ambitions to lead all the Welsh. As such, he sponsored something that nobody had apparently written before: a com- plete history of the Welsh people. To suit Merfyn’s ambitions for them, and for himself, it represented the Welsh as the natural and rightful owners of all Britain: pious, warlike and gallant folk who had lost control of most of their land to the invading English, because of a mixture of treachery and overwhelming numbers on the part of the invaders. -
THE HISTORY of the KINGS of BRITAIN by GEOFFREY of MONMOUTH Edited and Translated by J.A
THE HISTORY OF THE KINGS OF BRITAIN by GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH Edited and Translated by J.A. Giles, D.C.L. BOOK VI. CHAP. I.--Gratian, being advanced to the throne, is killed by the common people. The Britons desire the Romans to defend them against Guanius and Melga. But Gratian Municeps, hearing of the death of Maximian, seized the crown, and made himself king. After this he exercised such tyranny that the common people fell upon him in a tumultuous manner, and murdered him. When this news reached other countries, their former enemies returned back from Ireland, and bringing with them the Scots, Norwegians, and Dacians, made dreadful devastations with fire and sword over the whole kingdom, from sea to sea. Upon this most grievous calamity and oppression, ambassadors are despatched with letters to Rome, to beseech, with tears and vows of perpetual subjection, that a body of men might be sent to revenge their injuries, and drive out the enemy from them. The ambassadors in a short time prevailed so far, that, unmindful of past injuries, the Romans granted them one legion, which was transported in a fleet to their country, and there speedily encountered the enemy. At last, after the slaughter of a vast multitude of them, they drove them entirely out of the country, and rescued the miserable people from their outrageous cruelty. Then they gave orders for a wall to be built between Albania and Deira, from one sea to the other, for a terror to the enemy, and safeguard to the country. At that time Albania was wholly laid to waste, by the frequent invasions of barbarous nations; and whatever enemies made an attempt upon the country, met with a convenient landing-place there.