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ASIH at 100 Symposium, Salon D, Saturday 9 July 2016 Mark Sabaj the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Phenomenological Monsters

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ASIH at 100 Symposium, Salon D, Saturday 9 July 2016 Mark Sabaj the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Phenomenological Monsters 0732 ASIH: ASIH at 100 Symposium, Salon D, Saturday 9 July 2016 Mark Sabaj The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Phenomenological Monsters According to Big Bang theory, the universe originated approximately 13.8 billion years ago during the Planck Epoch, an acutely brief period of time that stretched from zero to 10-43 seconds. Coincidentally, some molecular clock estimates date the origin of the Percomorpha towards the end of the Planck Epoch. The ASIH Epoch began 100 years BP. Alternative molecular clock estimates date the origin of percomorphs significantly closer to the founding of the society by three organismal biologists: John Treadwell Nichols, Henry Weed Fowler and Dwight Franklin. The true origin of the Percomorpha lies somewhere between those two subjective estimates. Such truths can be hypothesized, tested and falsified, but only arrogantly treated as unassailable. Our society is bound in large part by a dogged pursuit of elusive truths via multiple lines of research that iteratively build on historical evidence, and the application of our findings to real world issues concerning the classification and conservation of fishes, amphibians and reptiles. ______________________________________________________________________________ 0217 Herp Conservation, Galerie 2, Sunday 10 July 2016 Allison Sacerdote-Velat, Charles Calafiore, Lisa Raimondi Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, USA Nest survival of Smooth Greensnakes, Opheodrys vernalis, in Illinois Grasslands Smooth Greensnakes, Opheodrys vernalis, are declining range-wide and are designated as State Endangered or Species in Greatest Conservation Need in many states. As part of an ongoing conservation assessment, wild nests were monitored to determine survival rates in several Illinois counties. Only five nests with 29 eggs were encountered in 2014, with 58% hatching success. 194 eggs from 24 nests were monitored in 2015, and we confirmed fates of 141 eggs. The remaining 53 eggs were in various states of decay at the final check, making it challenging to ascertain whether or not hatching occurred. Of the eggs with known fates, 19% hatched and 81% failed. Had the 53 eggs with uncertain fates been successful, hatching success would reach 41%. Had the 53 eggs failed, hatching success would decrease to 14%. We documented several incidences of nest failure attributable to invertebrates, including predation by ants and ground beetles, and burying by crayfish. Nest failure also resulted from a plant germinating through a clutch, eggs becoming moldy in poorly drained nest sites, or eggs desiccating as the substrate dried in August. For Opheodrys vernalis, reproductive output is limited compared to the viviparous snakes of the region with similar body size. From sensitivity analyses, we determined that survival from egg to one year old has the greatest effect on the population growth rate as compared to other life stages. Through ex situ incubation, we are increasing hatching success as part of a headstarting program, expected to improve population growth. ______________________________________________________________________________ 0501 Poster Session II, Acadia/Bissonet, Saturday 9 July 2016 Allison Sacerdote-Velat, Mary Beth Manjerovic, Rachel Santymire, Lisa Raimondi Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA Understanding the relationship among Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, stress physiology and land use in amphibians in the Chicago, IL region We examined variation in incidence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and stress physiology in amphibians in 40 sites, spanning 10 watersheds within the Chicago, IL region. Sampling sites were forest preserves classified as urban, suburban, industrial, or rural. We used a novel, non-invasive technique to sample cortisol via dermal swabs while collecting Bd samples. Our Bd sampling focused on American bullfrogs, green frogs, and northern leopard frogs. However, additional species were opportunistically sampled, including red-spotted newts, spotted, tiger, and blue-spotted salamanders, American toads, western chorus frogs, spring peepers, and wood frogs. Positive Bd swabs were collected from 13 of 40 sites (32.5%), with positive sites in all land use categories. Of 466 samples, 7.2% tested positive for Bd but few were symptomatic for chytridiomycosis. We validated our non-invasive glucocorticoid sampling technique with wild and zoo-housed amphibians which will allow us to examine variation in cortisol in relation to Bd status, species, and land use category in the future. ______________________________________________________________________________ 0874 ASIH STOYE AWARD CONSERVATION, SALON E, Thursday 7 July 2016 Heather Saco, Ginny Adams, Reid Adams University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, USA Changes in Land Use and Fish Assemblages in Four Ozark Highland Streams over Four Decades Long-term studies evaluating land use and fish assemblage structure are often lacking but necessary to further understanding of anthropogenic influence on local fish assemblages. Land use is known to influence aquatic ecosystems and the aquatic biota. Sylamore, Piney, Jane's and Big creeks are in the White River drainage in north central Arkansas. During summers 2014 and 2015, we sampled fishes at 39 sites across the four drainages. Sites, dates, and sampling methodology were consistent with previous data collected during the 1970's. We used the NWALT dataset to determine historic (1974) and current (2012) land use for all systems. Fish assemblage persistence and stability were calculated for each site sampled and analyzed in relation to catchment land use. Persistence was highly correlated with percent land use across all systems (forest rho=0.46, pasture -0.45, urban -0.52). In addition, stability was significantly correlated with percent forest (0.43) and pasture (-0.41) across all systems. Seven species showed significant range expansions across all four systems, and one range reduction was detected in Micropterus dolomieu (reduced from 20 to four sites). At sites where Micropterus dolomieu was missing in the current collection, we observed colonization of Micropterus punctulatus and M. salmoides. An apparent downstream shift of headwaters species, Semotilus atromaculatus and Chrosomus erythrogaster, was detected in two of the systems and suggests a change in upstream hydrology. In-stream habitat reflected changes in land use and may provide proximate factors that explain the correlation between assemblage shifts and land use. ______________________________________________________________________________ 1063 Poster Session II, Acadia/Bissonet, Saturday 9 July 2016 Cyrus Sadeghian, Chad Hargrave Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA Comparative Effects of High & Low Quality Allochthonous Input on Stream Food Webs The study of conservation biology has primarily focused on the rapid decline of biodiversity over the past few centuries. Invasive species seem to be the most impactful on species at the community level. Native to eastern Asia, the Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera or Sapium sebifera) has negatively affected local organisms since its large-scale introduction in the early 1900s for wax-based products and herbal medicine. Previous studies regarding tallow leaves in freshwater bodies of water have typically focused on ephemeral ponds where leached tannins are essentially recycled and the contents are maintained. We intend to focus on a stream ecosystem where the movement of water allows us to maximize leaching and truly test the quality of tallow leaves as a food source. We will expose flowing mesocosms to Chinese tallow leaves versus the leaves of a native tree: the American Sycamore tree (Platanus occidentalis). We would expect microbial respiration, fish growth, and invertebrate density to be hindered by the presence of a poor food quality. However, with the temporal variable associated with leaf decomposition, we would likely observe overall production to be more complex. The response variable data can be combined and scaled to represent total stream production and compared to time. Sycamore leaves will decompose much slower than tallow leaves. Therefore, the response from the tallow treatments will likely be catalyzed and peak much faster than the sycamore treatments. ______________________________________________________________________________ 1033 Poster Session II, Acadia/Bissonet, Saturday 9 July 2016 David Saenz, Kirk Winemiller Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA Electric fishes of the Amazon: preliminary field work on signaling adaptations Gymnotiform fishes are a diverse and widely distributed order of Neotropical fish frequently studied for their ability to generate and detect electric fields. These nocturnal fish use electrolocation as a means of navigating and foraging in dark turbid waters. The waveforms and frequencies of their electric organ discharges (EODs) are species specific, allowing them to use electrocommunication for identifying and signaling conspecifics during social interactions. A number of studies suggest that the efficiency of the EODs varies significantly with the habitat's water chemistry. In fact, it has been well characterized that species using different types of EODs (pulse vs. wave) are for the most part found in different habitats. This preliminary study focuses on the evolution of signaling adaptations and how they might be related to the ecology of these fish. Specifically, we investigated the evolution of a mechanism
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