DOCSLIB.ORG

Haiyan Tong & Eugene S. Gaffney, Description of the Skull Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Haiyan Tong & Eugene S. Gaffney, Description of the Skull Of ORYCTOS.Vol. 3 : 9 - 18.Décembre 2000 DESCRTPTIONOF TIIE SKULLOB POLYSTERNON PROVINCTAZE (MATIruRON, 1369) A SIDE.NECKEDTURTLE (PELOMEDUSOIDES : BOTHREMYDIDAE) FROMTHE LATE CRETACEOUS OF VILLEVEYRAC, FRANCE Haiyan TONG'and EugeneS. GAFFNEY, 'ResearchAssociate, Division of Paleontology,American Museum of NaturalHistory. Currentaddress : 16cour du Liégat,15013 Paris, France. '?Curator,Division of Paleontology,American Museum of NaturalHistory USA Abstract z Polysternon is a European side-neckedturtle based only on shell material. A skull found from the Late Cretaceousof Villeveyrac, Herault, France,is referred to this taxon becauseshells clearly belonging to Polysternon provinciale occur in the samebeds. The skull of Palysternon shows that it is a bothremydid with the quadrate-basis- phenoid covering the prootic ventrally, the eustachiantube separatedfrom the stapes,precolumellarfossa absent, condylus occipitalis consisting only of exoccipitals and an exoccipital-quadratecontact. Polysternon lies in the Bothremys-Groupbecause it has triangular, expandedtriturating surfaces,extensive exposure of the palatine on the triturating surfaces,and a supraoccipital-quadratecontact. Polysternon is most closely related to Foxemys. They possessa number of charactersin common including an open incisura columellae auris and a deep pterygoideus muscle concavity. Polysternon differs from Foxemysin having a broader midline, palatal depression,a narrower tri- turating surface with lower labial ridges, and a condylus occipitalis that is placed fanher posterior. Key words: pleurodire, Polystemon, bothremydid, Inte Cretaceous,France Description du crâne de Polysternon provinciale (Matheron, 1869), une tortue pleurodire @elomedusoides : Bothremydidae) du Crétacé supérieur de Villeveyrac (France) Résumé z Polysterno,nest une tortue pleurodire européennedécrite uniquement sur des restes de carapaces.Un crâne trouvé dans le Crétacêsupérieur de Villeveyrac, Hérault, France, est attribué à Polysternonprovinciale, dont des carapacesont été trouvées dans les mêmes niveaux. Le crâne de Polysternonmontre qu'il s'agit d'un bo'thre- mydidé d'après les caractèressuivants: carré-basisphénoidecouvrant le prootique venfralement, tube d'Eustache séparédu stapes,precolumellar fossa absent,condylus occipitalis formé seulementpar les exoccipitaux et contact exoccipital-carré.Polysternon est placé dansle groupe Bothremys à causede la surfacetriturante triangulaire et élar- gie, de la vaste participation du palatin à la surfacetriturante, et du contact supraoccipital-carré.Polysternon est par- ticulièrement proche de Foxemys par la possessionde nombreux caractèresen cofilmun comprenant une incisura columellae auris o'sverteet une dépressiondu pterygoide profonde. Polysternon diffère de Foxemyspar une dépres- sion palatale médiane plus large, une surfacetriturante plus étroite avec une crête labiale plus basse, et:etr-condylus occipitalis placé plus postérieurement. Mots clés : pleurodire, Polysternon, bothremydidé,Crétacé supérieur;France ORYCTOS,Vol.3,2000 INTRODUCTION include both the pleurodiran bothremydid Polysternonprovinciale and the cryptodiranSolemys. The genusPolysternon was erectedby Portis in The palaeoecologyof the vertebrate-bearingLate 1882 on the basisof a posteriorportion of shell from Cretaceousbeds of Villeveyrac has been reconstruc- the Late Cretaceousof the Fuveau basin, southeas- ted on the basis of sedimentologicaland paleontolo- tern France. Portis (1882) referred to the genus gical studies which indicate an estuarinelandscape Polysternonthe material (two shell fragmentsinclu- combining freshwater and brackish environments ding an anterior portion of carapace)from the same (seeBuffetavt et al.,1996). basin described as Pleurosternon provinciale by Although the Bothremydidaewas namedas early Matheron (1869). Unfortunately, Matheron did not as 1891by GeorgeBaur, the term fell into disusefor figure any specimen. The material described by most of this century and the few included taxa, parti- Portis (1882)is now housedin the MuséeCantonal cularly Bothremys and Taphrosphys,were simply de Géologie de Lausanne,Switzerland. In 1931, included in the Pelomedusidae.Antunes and Broin Nopcsa studied four turtle shells from the Late (1988) and Broin (1988) revived Bothremydidae, Cretacousof southernFrance in the Muséed'Histoire provided a new diagnosis and added taxa, such as Naturellede Marseille, andreviewed Matheron's and Rosasia, based on skulls. Recent papers on fossil Portis' material.He recognized Po ly s t e rnon ander ec- pleurodires such as Meylan (7996), Lapparent de ted a new genus,Elochelys, including two species,E Broin andWerner (1998), and Tong et aI. (1998),use major and E. perfecta (Nopcsa, l93I). Later, de the Antunes and Broin (1988) terminology in which Broin (1977). studied the Late Cretaceous and Bothremydidae,Podocnemididae, and Pelomedusidae Tertiary continental turtle faunas of France, and (restrictedto Pelusiosand Pelomedusa) are contained synonymizedElochelys major Nopcsa, 1931 and in the Pelomedusoides(which equalsPelomedusidae Polysternonprovinciale (Matheron, 1869).All these in the classicsense). Bothremydids are now realized are basedon shell material, the skull was, until very to be a more widespreadand diversegroup than pre- recently, unknown, Foxemys mechinorum (Tong et viously considered. al., 1998) was the first pleurodiran turtle from the Useful reviews of the literatureon bothremydids Late Cretaceousof southernFrance described on the can be found in Broin (1988) andAntunes and Broin basisof both skull and shell material.The turtle skull (1988). Previously describedbothremydid skulls are describedhere was collected by Mr Guy Costa. It as follows: Bothremys(Gaffney and Zangerl. 1968; was figured and referred to Polysternonprovinciale Gaffney, 1977), Taphrosphys (Gaffney, 1975), in Buffetaut et al. (1996) andLapparent de Broin and Rosasia(Antunes and Broin, 1988), Foxemys(Tong Werner(1998, fig. a). The identification of this skull et al., 1998), Zolhafa (Lapparent de Broin and as Polysternon provinciale is based solely on the Werner, 1998), Arenila (Lapparent de Broin and occurrenceof the skull in the same formation and rù/erner, 1998), and Nigeremys (Bergounioux and 'Werner, geographicregion as shells of P. provinciale. It is Crouzel, 1968; Lapparent de Broin and possiblethat further discoverieswill alter this provi- 1998).A generaltreatment and descriptionof pleuro- sional identification. Nonetheless,we feel that this dire skulls, turtle skull morphology and terminology, courseis preferableto naming a new taxon or to not and a literaturereview is in Gaffney (1979). identifying the skull at all.In any case,both skull and shellsare bothremydids. SYSTEMATICS The Villeveyrac quarriesare located about 20 km south-westof Montpellier (Hérault,France). The ver- Order TESTLJDINESLinnaeus tebrate fauna comes from the lower seriesof the Late SuborderPLEURODIRA Cope Cretaceousbeds, which are Lower Campaniandark Hyperfamily PELOMEDUS OIDES Cope clays. It includes fishes (Ginglymodi and Teleostei), Family BOTHREMYDIDAE B aur frogs, turtles, lizards, crocodilesand dinosaurs(the- POLYSTERNONPortis 1882 ropods, iguanodonts and ankylosaurs). Turtle Poly sternon provinciale (Matheron,1 869) remains are mainly abundant shell fragments ; they (Fig. 1-2) 10 TONG & GAIIFNEY - DESCRIPTIONOF TIM SKIJLL OF POLYSTERNONPROVINCIALE RevisedDiagnosis: Bothremydid pleurodire with pterygoideusmuscle concavity; differs from F oxemys the following bothremydidsynapomorphies: quadra- in having a broadermidline, palataldepression, a nar- te-basisphenoidcovers prootic ventrally, eustachian rower triturating surface with lower labial ridges, a tube separated from stapes, precolumellar fossa shallower pterygoideusmuscle concavity, a shorter absent,condylus occipitalis consistingonly of exoc- exoccipital midline contact, a wider and longer cipitals and exoccipital-quadratecontact; differs from basioccipital,and a more posteior condylusoccipita- all other bothremydids except Foxemys in having an /is; smoothtriturating surfaceas in Foxemysbut dis- open rather than closed incisura columellae auris; tinct from the pits seenin Bothremys,Rosasia, and skull agreeswith F oxemysbut differs ftom Ni geremy s Zolhafa: shell similar to Foxemysbut having a nuchal and Taphrosphysin being wedge-shapedwith a pos- emargination,a small intergular scale, and an acute teriorly expanded triturating surface; agrees with anal notch. Arenila and Foxemys in having a relatively deep Measurements: seeTable 1. Figure 1 Polysternon provinciale, Late Cretaceous, Mlleveyrac, France. Skull, A - dorsal view, B - ventral view, C - right lateral view, D - anterior view, E - Ieft lateral view, F - occipital view. 11 ORYCTOS,Vol.3,2000 DESCRIPTION ly. In ventral view, a small part of the medial process of the jugal is visible contactingthe maxilla anterior- Material : an isolated and nearly complete skull ly and the palatinemedially. without lower jaw (AE28, Costa Collection), collec- The right quadratojugalin AE28 is mostly mis- ted by Guy Costa in one if the Villeveyrac quarries. sing but the remaining portion shows its contacts SeeBuffetaut et al. (1996) for further locality data. with the postorbital,jugal, and maxilla. The left qua- Preservation : The skull is almost complete but dratojugal is completebut much of it is broken and slightly crusheddorsovenffally; the right otic region disturbed by cracks. As preserved it agrees with and the middle of the palate are damaged.Al1 the Foxemys in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Membros Da Comissão Julgadora Da Dissertação
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Evolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventes Guilherme Hermanson Souza Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, obtido no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Comparada Ribeirão Preto - SP 2021 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Evolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventes Guilherme Hermanson Souza Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, obtido no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Comparada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Max Cardoso Langer Ribeirão Preto - SP 2021 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. I authorise the reproduction and total or partial disclosure of this work, via any conventional or electronic medium, for aims of study and research, with the condition that the source is cited. FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Hermanson, Guilherme Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles, 2021. 132 páginas. Dissertação de Mestrado, apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto/USP – Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional Del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche
    Universidad Nacional del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Título de la Tesis Microanatomía y osteohistología del caparazón de los Testudinata del Mesozoico y Cenozoico de Argentina: Aspectos sistemáticos y paleoecológicos implicados Trabajo de Tesis para optar al Título de Doctor en Biología Tesista: Lic. en Ciencias Biológicas Juan Marcos Jannello Director: Dr. Ignacio A. Cerda Co-director: Dr. Marcelo S. de la Fuente 2018 Tesis Doctoral UNCo J. Marcos Jannello 2018 Resumen Las inusuales estructuras óseas observadas entre los vertebrados, como el cuello largo de la jirafa o el cráneo en forma de T del tiburón martillo, han interesado a los científicos desde hace mucho tiempo. Uno de estos casos es el clado Testudinata el cual representa uno de los grupos más fascinantes y enigmáticos conocidos entre de los amniotas. Su inconfundible plan corporal, que ha persistido desde el Triásico tardío hasta la actualidad, se caracteriza por la presencia del caparazón, el cual encierra a las cinturas, tanto pectoral como pélvica, dentro de la caja torácica desarrollada. Esta estructura les ha permitido a las tortugas adaptarse con éxito a diversos ambientes (por ejemplo, terrestres, acuáticos continentales, marinos costeros e incluso marinos pelágicos). Su capacidad para habitar diferentes nichos ecológicos, su importante diversidad taxonómica y su plan corporal particular hacen de los Testudinata un modelo de estudio muy atrayente dentro de los vertebrados. Una disciplina que ha demostrado ser una herramienta muy importante para abordar varios temas relacionados al caparazón de las tortugas, es la paleohistología. Esta disciplina se ha involucrado en temas diversos tales como el origen del caparazón, el origen del desarrollo y mantenimiento de la ornamentación, la paleoecología y la sistemática.
    [Show full text]
  • An Early Bothremydid from the Arlington Archosaur Site of Texas Brent Adrian1*, Heather F
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN An early bothremydid from the Arlington Archosaur Site of Texas Brent Adrian1*, Heather F. Smith1, Christopher R. Noto2 & Aryeh Grossman1 Four turtle taxa are previously documented from the Cenomanian Arlington Archosaur Site (AAS) of the Lewisville Formation (Woodbine Group) in Texas. Herein, we describe a new side-necked turtle (Pleurodira), Pleurochayah appalachius gen. et sp. nov., which is a basal member of the Bothremydidae. Pleurochayah appalachius gen. et sp. nov. shares synapomorphic characters with other bothremydids, including shared traits with Kurmademydini and Cearachelyini, but has a unique combination of skull and shell traits. The new taxon is signifcant because it is the oldest crown pleurodiran turtle from North America and Laurasia, predating bothremynines Algorachelus peregrinus and Paiutemys tibert from Europe and North America respectively. This discovery also documents the oldest evidence of dispersal of crown Pleurodira from Gondwana to Laurasia. Pleurochayah appalachius gen. et sp. nov. is compared to previously described fossil pleurodires, placed in a modifed phylogenetic analysis of pelomedusoid turtles, and discussed in the context of pleurodiran distribution in the mid-Cretaceous. Its unique combination of characters demonstrates marine adaptation and dispersal capability among basal bothremydids. Pleurodira, colloquially known as “side-necked” turtles, form one of two major clades of turtles known from the Early Cretaceous to present 1,2. Pleurodires are Gondwanan in origin, with the oldest unambiguous crown pleurodire dated to the Barremian in the Early Cretaceous2. Pleurodiran fossils typically come from relatively warm regions, and have a more limited distribution than Cryptodira (hidden-neck turtles)3–6. Living pleurodires are restricted to tropical regions once belonging to Gondwana 7,8.
    [Show full text]
  • Testudines: Bothremydidae) from the Cenomanian of Morocco
    ISSN: 0211-8327 Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, 46 (1): pp. 47-54 TURTLE SHELL REMAINS (TESTUDINES: BOTHREMYDIDAE) FROM THE CENOMANIAN OF MOROCCO [Restos de quelonios (Testudines: Bothremydidae) del Cenomaniense de Marruecos] Hans-Volker KARL (*) (**) (*): Thüringisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie. Humboldtstraße 11, D-99423 Weimar, Germany. Correo-e: [email protected] (**) Geoscience Centre of the University of Göttingen. Department Geobiology. Goldschmidtstrasse 3. D-37077 Göttingen. [email protected] oder [email protected] (FECHA DE RECEPCIÓN: 2009-08-27) (FECHA DE ADMISIÓN: 2009-09-20) BIBLID [0211-8327 (2009) 46 (1); 47-54] RESUMEN: Se describen un lóbulo delantero y una placa periferal aislada procedentes del Cenomaniense del sur de Marruecos. Se discute su determinación como Galianemys, de los estratos Kem Kem, pero este género se basa predominantemente en caracteres craneales. No es posible ubicarlos dentro de las dos especies conocidas hasta ahora, Galianemys emringeri o Galianemys whitei. También es imposible una comparación con los géneros Hamadachelys (Podocnemidade) y Dirquadim (Euraxemydidae), conocidos esclusivamente por su cráneo. Palabras clave: Testudines, Bothremydidae, Galianemys sp., Cenomaniense, estratos Kem Kem, S. Marruecos. ABSTRACT: From Cenomanian sediments of South Morocco a frontal plastron lobe and an isolated peripheral might become discussed with Kem Kem members of Galianemys (Bothremydidae), but that genus is based predominantly on cranial characteristics. A more detailed assignment to the two previously known species Galianemys emringeri or Galianemys whitei using carapace features is not possible. A comparation with the only skull taxa Hamadachelys (Podocnemididae) and Dirqadim (Euraxemydidae) is impossible also. Key words: Testudines, Bothremydidae, Galianemys spec., Cenomanian, Kem Kem beds, South Morocco.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of the Side Necked Turtle [I]Bothremys[I] (Pleurodira
    5th Turtle Evolution Symposium Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil | July, 2015 New species of the side necked turtle Bothremys (Pleurodira: Podocnemidoidea: Bothremydidae) from the upper Cretaceous of Morocco Masataka Yoshida*1, Ren Hirayama 2 (1) Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (2) School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. * [email protected] Background. Moroccan phosphates bed includes fossils of Sauropterygia, Testudines and mosasaurs from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichitian) to Eocene. Family Bothremydidae s t (Podocnemidoidea), an extinct side-necked turtle group, has broad diversity in cranial n i morphology as shown by the genus Bothremys (Bothremydini). This genus is known from the r P Cretaceous and Paleogene of North America, Europe, Africa and middle east Asia, uniquely e r characterized by a pair of pits on the triturating surface of upper and lower jaws. Hitherto, P four species have been recognized in Bothremys ; B. cooki , B. kellyi , B. maghrebiana , and B. arabicus . Compared to the diversity of cranial morphology, little difference is known in the shell morphology in bothremydids. Also little is known about the limb morphology of bothremydini turtles, because of poor association of skull and postcranial skeleton. A new excellently preserved specimen of Bothremys is reported from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. Methods. The WSILS-RHg519 specimen stored in Waseda University is a large bothremydid skull associated with lower jaw and several postcranial elements including left humerus and peripherals. Results. The pair of pits on the triturating surfaces of upper and lower jaws in WSILS- RHg519 specimen is a distinct autoapomorphic characters of the genus Bothremys .
    [Show full text]
  • The Turtles from the Upper Eocene, Osona County (Ebro Basin, Catalonia, Spain): New Material and Its Faunistic and Environmental Context
    Foss. Rec., 21, 237–284, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-237-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. The turtles from the upper Eocene, Osona County (Ebro Basin, Catalonia, Spain): new material and its faunistic and environmental context France de Lapparent de Broin1, Xabier Murelaga2, Adán Pérez-García3, Francesc Farrés4, and Jacint Altimiras4 1Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P: MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris 6), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 38, 75231 Paris CEDEX 5, France 2Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, UPV/EHU, Sarrienea s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain 3Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain 4Museu Geològic del Seminari de Barcelona, Diputacio 231, 08007 Barcelona – Geolab Vic, Spain Correspondence: France de Lapparent de Broin ([email protected]) Received: 8 November 2017 – Revised: 9 August 2018 – Accepted: 16 August 2018 – Published: 28 September 2018 Abstract. Eochelone voltregana n. sp. is a new marine 1 Introduction cryptodiran cheloniid found at the Priabonian levels (latest Eocene) of the Vespella marls member of the Vic–Manlleu 1.1 The cycle of Osona turtle study marls formation. It is the second cheloniid from Santa Cecília de Voltregà (Osona County, Spain), the first one being Os- The present examination closes a study cycle of turtle ma- onachelus decorata from the same formation. Shell parame- terial from the upper Eocene sediments of the area of Vic ters indicate that the new species belongs to a branch of sea in the Osona comarca (county) (Barcelona province, Catalo- turtles including the Eocene Anglo–Franco–Belgian forms nia, Spain) (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Bone Histology of the Turtle Shell (Carapace and Plastron)
    Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn Vorgelegt von Dipl. Geol. Torsten Michael Scheyer aus Mannheim-Neckarau Bonn, 2007 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1 Referent: PD Dr. P. Martin Sander 2 Referent: Prof. Dr. Thomas Martin Tag der Promotion: 14. August 2007 Diese Dissertation ist 2007 auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver der ULB Bonn http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Januar 2007 Institut für Paläontologie Nussallee 8 53115 Bonn Dipl.-Geol. Torsten M. Scheyer Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich an Eides statt, dass ich für meine Promotion keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt habe, und dass die inhaltlich und wörtlich aus anderen Werken entnommenen Stellen und Zitate als solche gekennzeichnet sind. Torsten Scheyer Zusammenfassung—Die Knochenhistologie von Schildkrötenpanzern liefert wertvolle Ergebnisse zur Osteoderm- und Panzergenese, zur Rekonstruktion von fossilen Weichgeweben, zu phylogenetischen Hypothesen und zu funktionellen Aspekten des Schildkrötenpanzers, wobei Carapax und das Plastron generell ähnliche Ergebnisse zeigen. Neben intrinsischen, physiologischen Faktoren wird die
    [Show full text]
  • Proganochelys Quenstedti, to Investigate the Early Evolution of the Adductor Chamber and the Sensorial Anatomy in This Taxon
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FFCLRP - DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Patterns of morphological evolution in the skull of turtles: contributions from digital paleontology, neuroanatomy and biomechanics Padrões de evolução morfológica no crânio das tartarugas: contribuições da paleontologia digital, neuroanatomia e biomecânica Gabriel de Souza Ferreira RIBEIRÃO PRETO - SP 2019 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FFCLRP - DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Patterns of morphological evolution in the skull of turtles: contributions from digital paleontology, neuroanatomy and biomechanics Padrões de evolução morfológica no crânio das tartarugas: contribuições da paleontologia digital, neuroanatomia e biomecânica Gabriel de Souza Ferreira Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Max Cardoso Langer Co-supervisor: Profa. Dra. Madelaine Böhme Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da USP, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências, Área: BIOLOGIA COMPARADA. RIBEIRÃO PRETO - SP 2019 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Ferreira, Gabriel de Souza Patterns of morphological evolution in the skull of turtles: contributions from digital paleontology, neuroanatomy and biomechanics. 190 p. : il. ; 30cm Tese de doutorado, apresentada ao Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto/USP – Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada. Orientador: Langer, Max Cardoso. Co-orientadora: Böhme, Madelaine 1. Computed tomography. 2. Digital endocast. 3. Finite-Element Analysis. 4. Testudinata. 5. Skull. Name: Ferreira, Gabriel de Souza Title: Patterns of morphological evolution in the skull of turtles: contributions from digital paleontology, neuroanatomy and biomechanics.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Long-Necked Turtle, Laganemys Tenerensis (Pleurodira: Araripemydidae), from the Elrhaz Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Niger
    Chapter 14 A New Long-Necked Turtle, Laganemys tenerensis (Pleurodira: Araripemydidae), from the Elrhaz Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Niger Paul C. Sereno and Sara J. ElShafie Abstract An articulated skull and postcranial skeleton of a Introduction pelomedusoid turtle, Laganemys tenerensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) Pleurodires are less speciose than cryptodires among living Elrhaz Formation in Niger. Laganemys has a proportion- turtles and are restricted in geographic range to freshwater ately long skull, which increases in depth anteriorly, from habitats in the southern hemisphere. Pleurodiran diversity, the occiput to the snout. The thin flat carapace and plastron habitats, and geographic range, however, were considerably are covered with fine sulcus-and-ridge texture. The carapace greater in the past and appear to have peaked from the has a deep nuchal embayment anteriorly, a small mesopl- Late Cretaceous (ca. 100 Mya) through the Paleocene (ca. astron laterally, and three median fenestrae. The cervical 55 Mya) (Gaffney et al. 2006). Preceding this rich record of series is nearly as long as the carapace with specialized pleurodiran diversity, however, is the first half of pleurodiran joints to enhance lateral flexion between cervicals 2 and 3 history. About 200 million years ago, pleurodires and cryp- and cervicals 6 and 7. The relatively long tail is composed todires diverged from a common casichelydian ancestor, and of at least 26 vertebrae. Forelimbs and hind limbs have long for the ensuing 100 Mya the pleurodire fossil record is and relatively straight unguals. Discovered in a fluvial comparatively thin (Gaffney et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 APPENDIX S1 to Evers, Barrett & Benson 2018
    APPENDIX S1 to Evers, Barrett & Benson 2018: Anatomy of Rhinochelys pulchriceps (Protostegidae) and marine adaptation during the early evolution of chelonioids Table of Contents ADDITIONAL CT DATA INFORMATION p. 2 ADDITIONAL ANATOMICAL ILLUSTRATIONS p. 3 CHARACTER MODIFICATIONS p. 24 SCORING SOURCES p. 46 CHARACTER OPTIMIZATION p. 51 Methods p. 51 Results p. 52 PCA DATA p. 80 PCA USING MEASUREMENTS OF COLLINS (1970) p. 83 Methods p. 83 Results p. 83 INSTITUTIONAL ABBREVIATIONS p. 85 REFERENCES p. 86 1 ADDITIONAL CT DATA INFORMATION TABLE S1.1. Information about Rhinochelys specimens that were CT scanned for this study. Taxonomy (sensu Voxel size Specimen number Holotype Scanning facility CT Scanner Data availability Reference Collins [1970]) (mm) NHMUK Imaging and Nikon XT H MorphoSource Media CAMSM B55775 R. pulchriceps R. pulchriceps 0.0355 This study Analysis Center 225 ST Group M29973 NHMUK Imaging and Nikon XT H MorphoSource Media NHMUK PV R2226 R. elegans R. elegans 0.0351 This study Analysis Center 225 ST Group M29987 NHMUK Imaging and Nikon XT H MorphoSource Media NHMUK PV OR43980 R. cantabrigiensis R. cantabrigiensis 0.025 This study Analysis Center 225 ST Group M29986 NHMUK Imaging and Nikon XT H MorphoSource Media Evers & Benson CAMSM B55783 - R. cantabrigiensis 0.0204 Analysis Center 225 ST Group M22140 (2018) NHMUK Imaging and Nikon XT H MorphoSource Media CAMSM B55776 - R. elegans 0.0282 This study Analysis Center 225 ST Group M29983 NHMUK Imaging and Nikon XT H MorphoSource Media NHMUK PV OR35197 - R. elegans 0.0171 This study Analysis Center 225 ST Group M29984 2 ADDITIONAL ANATOMICAL ILLUSTRATIONS The following illustrations are provided as additional guides for the description provided in the main text of this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 86-Itapecuruemys.Pdf
    Journal of South American Earth Sciences xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames A new Cretaceous Pleurodira Pelomedusoides from the Lower Cretaceous of Parnaíba Basin, Brazil Diogo Lins Batista a,b,*, Ismar de Souza Carvalho b, Marcelo S. de la Fuente c a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pos-Graduaç´ ao~ em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Interbloco B/C, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitaria,´ Ilha do Fundao,~ Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil b Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geoci^encias, Departamento de Geologia, Laboratorio´ de Estudos Paleontologicos,´ Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, Cidade Universitaria,´ Ilha do Fundao,~ Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil c Instituto de Evolucion,´ Ecología Historica´ y Ambiente (IDEVEA-CONICET-Universidad Tecnologica´ Nacional, Facultad Regional San Rafael, Calle Urquiza 314, 5600, San Rafael, Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The new Pleurodira turtle Itapecuruemys amazonensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Itapecuru Formation (Parnaíba Pleurodira Basin, Brazil) is described. The new species is represented only by its holotype, which consists of an almost Pelomedusoides complete carapace and plastron, with an oval-shaped outline. The most peculiar characters of Itapecuruemys Lower Cretaceous amazonensis are: neural plates six and seven are separated by costal six, and the seventh neural plate contacts the Parnaíba basin sixth, seventh and eighth costal plates and a suprapygal. The phylogenetic hypothesis proposed in this paper Brazil suggests that Itapecuruemys amazonensis, together with Cearachelys and Galianemys spp., form a monophyletic assemblage and also widen the paleoherpetological diversity of the Itapecuru Formation in the Parnaíba Basin (Brazil).
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Morphological Evolution in the Skull of Turtles: Contributions from Digital Paleontology, Neuroanatomy and Biomechanics
    Patterns of morphological evolution in the skull of turtles: contributions from digital paleontology, neuroanatomy and biomechanics Dissertation der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von M.Sc. Gabriel S. Ferreira aus Santa Bárbara d’Oeste/ Brasilien Tübingen 2019 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. Tag der mündlichen Qualifikation: 27.05.2019 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Rosenstiel 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Madelaine Böhme 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Max C. Langer In nature we never see anything isolated, but everything in connection with something else which is before it, beside it, under it and over it Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd François Voltaire i Ferreira – Patterns of morphological evolution in the skull of turtles Acknowledgements I am very grateful to my supervisor Max Langer, who offered me a space in his lab for the past ten years and immensily contributed to shape my career path until now. Max not only helped me think through paleo-problems, but also about career options and personal matters, always being present and giving support when I needed. I also thank my PhD co- supervisor in Tübingen, Prof. Dr. Madelaine Böhme, who accepted and welcomed me at the Senckenberg Institute and Universität Tübingen for a whole year, offering me not only a space to work, but also interesting discussions on various subjects. I am very grateful to my “unofficial” co-supervisor, PD Dr. Ingmar Werneburg, who has supported me from the beginning of my PhD, helping already when I was writing my doctoral research project and now, during this agitated last year.
    [Show full text]