Annual Report 1959

Being the Ninety-third Annual Fisheries Report of the Government of Canada

89633-2-1 ROGER DUHAMEL, F.R.S.C. QUEEN'S PRINTER AND CONTROLLER OF STATIONERY OTTAWA, 1961

Price 50 cents. Cat. No. Fs. 1-1959 To His Excellency Major-General Georges P. Vanier, D.S.O., M.C., C.D., Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada.

May it Please Your Excellency: I have the honour herewith, for the information of Your Excellency and the Parliament of Canada, to present the Annual Report of the Department of Fisheries for the year 1959, and the financial statements of the Department for the fiscal year 1959-1960. Respectfully submitted,

Minister of Fisheries.

89633-2-1f- To the Honourable J. Angus MacLean, M.P., Minister of Fisheries, Ottawa, Canada.

Sir: I submit herewith the Annual Report of the Department of Fisheries for the year 1959, and the financial statements of the Department for the fiscal year 1959-60.

I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant,

eAP • Deputy Minister. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 7 Conservation and Development Service 11 Departmental Vessels 31 Inspection and Consumer Service 34 Economics Service 43 Information and Educational Service 45 Industrial Development Service 50 Fishermen's Indemnity Plan 52 Fisheries Prices Support Board 54 Fisheries Research Board of Canada 55 International Commissions 69 Special Committees 84 The Fishing Industry 86 Statistics of the Fisheries 92

APPENDIX 1. Financial Statements, 1959-1960 2. Fish Culture Development Statements XIX

5 British Columbia salmon fishermen hauling in a purse seine near Alert Bay.

6 INTRODUCTION HE DEVELOPMENT of a primary resource as valuable as the fisheries of TCanada demands a management programme founded on sound scientific research, with constant emphasis on conservation, new and improved fishing and processing methods, and greater diversification of the fishing enterprise as a whole. The work of the Department of Fisheries of Canada in fulfilling its responsibilities in the protection, expansion and general regulation of the immense sea and freshwater stocks of fish during 1959 is contained in this report, together with statistical details of the fishing industry. A leading producer and exporter among fishing nations, Canada has an annual catch of all species of fish and shellfish in the neighborhood of two billion pounds, worth ne,arly $109 million to the fisherman, nearly 10 per cent less than in the record year of 1958 but five per cent above average for the years 1955-59 inclusive. The catch was shared by about 75,000 fishermen. The total value to Canada has been estimated at about $210 million. Of the exports of fishery products, worth nearly $148 million, about 67 per cent went to the United States, 19 per cent to the United Kingdom and continental Europe, and most of the balance to the Caribbean countries. On the Pacific coast production was down from the previous year, but this had been expected, the major cause being a smaller catch of Fraser River sockeye salmon, which in 1959 were at the low point in their four-year cycle. Another factor was a tie-up of the British Columbia salmon industry from July 29 to August 10, caused by a strike of fishernien, tendermen and cannery workers. The fishing industry of the Atlantic provinces achieved a higher production level than ever before, with an increase of 15 per cent in landed value over 1958, and 10 per cent over the 1955-59 average. The year also saw great improvement in catching and processing facilities. In human terms, there was greater loss of life than there had been for over three decades. The two most tragic events were the drowning of 35 fishermen during a storm in Northumberland Strait and the sinking, with all hands, of a deep sea dragger out of Grand Bank, Newfoundland. The responsibilities of the Department were increased in several fields, notably in that phase of its work dealing with the inspection of fishery products as part of the programme to improve quality. Twenty-eight plants in eight provinces were certified during the ye,ar to mark their frozen products "Canada Inspected" and "Processed Under Government Supervision". These emblems are reproduced on the following page. The standards which enable processors to use the foregoing quality designations were set by the Canadian Government Specifications Board, and inspection, on a voluntary basis, was made available by the Department in April 1959. At the same time the Department's inspection service for imports and exports, as well as for the products of plants which requested and qualified for inspection, was made available in the Province of Quebec. By agreements between the federal and provincial goverrunents the administration of the Fish Inspection Act and the Meat

7 and Canned Food Act as it concerns fishery products was transferred from the Government of Quebec to the Government of Canada. (In 1923, the administration of Quebec's fishery resources became the responsibility of the province. Except for inspection, this arrangement continues with respect to the control of the commercial fisheries under the Fisheries Act.)

PROCESSED UNDER CANADA GOVERNMENT INSPECTED SUPERVISION

Another step to establish greater uniformity in the inspection of fish products in Canada was taken in July, when the Fish Inspection Act and the Mea.t and Can- ned Foods Act were proclaimed in Newfoundland. This action followed the proclamation, in 1958, of the Canada Fisheries Act, which covers the powers of the Minister of Fisheries, conservation practices, regulations, and the licensing of fishing vessels and fishermen. In British Columbia an important step was taken in the establishment of a committee to work out the best management practices and procedures for the herring fishery of the Pacific Area. Known as the British Columbia Herring Management Committee, it has an industrial advisory group drawn from fishermen's and trade organizations with which it consults on herring problems. This committee is somewhat similar to that set up in connection with the salmon fishery of the Skeena River, which has functioned successfully for several years. Plans were announced during the year for annual meetings between senior officials of the federal Department of Fisheries and those of the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario in connection with the fisheries of inland lakes. The Department also proceeded with plans for a study of the economy of all Canadian freshwater fisheries. There were important meetings, during 1959, of the Federal-Provincial Committee for Ontario Fisheries and the Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee, both of which are dealt with in this report. Various economic research projects were completed, including studies of assisted fishing enterprises, increasing mechanization of the industry, and the fisheries of Passamoquoddy Bay in relation to the proposed tidal power developments in the Bay of Fundy, and further improvements were made in statistical services. The Department continued its policy of keeping the fish trade and all those directly concerned with the fisheries, as well as the public, informed on all trends

8 and developments in the industry. To do this it utilized all available communications media, mainly press, radio, television, motion pictures, filmstrips, talks and demonstrations, as well as its own publications and pamphlets. Every effort was made, as well, to increase the consumption of fish in Canada by stressing its advantages as a food. Considerable progress was made in establishing working arrangements between the Department on the one hand and the fishing industry, ancillary companies and other fisheries administrations on the other, in an overall modernization programme. Development work was carried out on various new and improved methods of catching and processing fish and shellfish. Operations under the Fishermen's Indemnity Plan were extended during 1959. Under the plan low cost protection against loss of or damage to fishing boats valued at $10,000 or less, and to lobster traps, is provided by the Govemment. Two hundred and six vessels were added to the insured fleet, bringing the total number to 5,278, with a total appraised value of $15,949,150. No direct price support action under the Fisheries Prices Support Act was necessary during 1959. However, most of the 20 community fish processing establishments planned for certain isolated areas of Newfoundland were completed. Construction of these community "stages" had been authorized by the Government, on recommendation of the Board, for the benefit of fishing regions which had been seriously affected by abnormally poor catches in 1958. The Board continued to administer the Fisheries Salt Assistance Programme, which provides fishermen and other processors with a rebate of half the laid down cost of salt used in the curing of fish. The biological, techological and oceanographic work of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, which functions under the authority of the Minister of Fisheries and as such is the scientific arm of the Department, is dealt with in a chapter of this report and, in detail, in the Board's own annual report, published separately. Canada's responsibilities under international conventions for the conservation of the resources of the high seas and fresh waters in which we have common interest with other countries are the special concerri of the Department of Fisheries. This country is represented on seven international commissions operating under such conventions, and the work of these is summarized briefly in a chapter of this report.

10 CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT SERVICE

ATURAL DEPRESSION of certain fish stocks and continued progress in N the improvement of fishing techniques in 1959 clearly indica.ted the need for a continuing effective conservation and development programme. More rigid conservation measures were required to provide the necessary protection for fish populations. The expansion of proven development techniques in certain areas has improved the future prospects where for various reasons runs have been reduced. The total 1959 salmon catch in British Columbia, which was the lowest since 1951, was to some extent due to the two-week strike. However, chum salmon catches continued well below normal, particularly in the north coast areas. Com- mercial salmon fishermen and anglers in many parts of the Atlantic provinces enjoyed a successful fishing season. Above-normal catches of herring and lobster along the Atlantic Coast led to the highest return to the fishermen on record. Protection officers in the Pacific Area were obliged in many instances to recommend special closures in order to prevent serious depletion of spawning escapements to specific areas. Particular attention was given to illegal lobster fishing in the Maritime Provinces and to the enforcement of commercial salmon fishing regulations in Newfoundland to protect these valuable stocks from over-exploitation. Development projects formed a most important part of the year's work in the Pacific Area. One sahnon production channel was put into use and much of the preliminary work was completed on a second. Fisheries problems resulting from hydro-electric developments were fewer in 1959 than in previous years. A sharp rise was reported in the number of industrial development problems caused by pollution or the diversion of water for industrial use. The construction of fishways in rivers on both coasts opened up, to anadromous fish runs, areas previously inaccessible. FISH CULTURE (See also Appendix 2) MARITIMES AREA Reduced salmon catches and the still critical condition of the oyster fishery ? -,: in the Maritime provinces clearly indicated the necessity for the continued rebuilding of stocks in depleted areas and the need for conservation of existing populations through proper management techniques. Efforts are continuing on the Saint John River system to solve the fish-power problems and to rebuild salmon runs that have suffered from this and from years of exposure to forest spray. A large scale programme to rebuild the oyster stocks through transplants is in its

11 89633-2-21 final stages. Hatchery establishments are continuing their high level production of salmon and trout to rebuild and replenish stocks throughout the three provinces.

Oyster Culture The Department of Fisheries and the Fisheries Research Board of Canada continued their co-operative investigations during 1959 to improve the position of the oyster industry in the Maritime Provinces. The Department's unit is responsible to the Maritimes Area Director through the Area Chief of Fish Culture, and the Fisheries Research Board's unit is under the supervision of the Director of the Board's Biological Station at St. Andrews, N.B.

Mortalities in the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia oyster populations The epidemic oyster disease which for the past five years has been causing drastic mortalities in the oyster populations of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia appears to have checked its spread for the time being. No new outbreaks of any appreciable size occurred during 1959 to the time of ice formation. Up to this time the spread of the epidemic appears to have limited itself to that area bounded on the north by Caraquet Bay in New Brunswick and on the south by Cape George T1 re] in Nova Scotia. Within that area a few unaffected spots still exist such as Miscou su Harbour and Tabusintac in New Brunswick and Pugwash in Nova Scotia. It is di anticipated that these isolated areas will become infected within a short time since the epidemic appears to have many forms of transmission. it At this time current reports would indicate that unusual mortalities are occurring in the Bras d'Or Lakes in Nova Scotia and in Miscou Harbour in New gi Brunswick. These mortalities could conceivably be resultant from the epidemic disease and indicate its spread to those waters. 13]

Rehabilitation of disease stricken areas The 1959 transplant of 4,000 barrels of disease-resistant oysters from Prince Edward Island to depleted mainland areas, which was the final phase of the Depart- ment's three-year programme to transplant 10,000 barrels, commenced on May 11 and was terminated on June 19. The programme fell short by 745 of the 4,000- barrel objective. The operation progressed favourably during the early stages when fine weather prevailed. Difficult weather conditions in early June caused serious delays to the operation. A severe storm that swept the Northumberland Strait area on June 20, causing heavy loss of life and fishing gear, resulted in the diversion of the oyster transport vessel Lamna to "Search and Rescue". As a result the operation was brought to a premature conclusion. The emergency revision of the transplant programme resulted in a loss to the Department of 745 barrels of oysters destined for Merigornish Harbour. The distribution of the transplants over the three-year period of the 10,000 barrel objective was as follows: 12

DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSPLANTED OYSTERS

Area 1957 1958 1959 Total NEW BRUNSWICK bbls. bbls. bbls. bbls. Shippegan District 1,000 100 1,100 Caraquet Bay 1,075 1,075 Lameque Bay 300 300 Miramichi Bay 2,800 200 3,000 1,500 300 1,800

NOVA SCOTIA 7,275 Wallace Malagash 500 500 Caribou Harbour 55 380 435 Pictou Harbour 45 45 Amet Sound 1,000 1,000

1,500 4,500 3,255 1,980

9,255

*Mortality studies of spat believed to have been produced by stocks transplanted to the Wallace, and the Shippegan District were made by the Fisheries Research Board during 1959. Malagash Area These studies indicated a high mortality and a somewhat discouraging picture from the standpoint of rehabilitation (see F.R.B. Summary Report: "Malpeque Disease"). However, it should be noted that sufficient evidence has not yet been observed to state conclusively that this spat is not resistant to the disease. In view of the fact that the three-year operation did not reach the objective it was planned to continue the operation into 1960 to complete the 10,000 barrels. A small transplant of 10 barrels of "bedding size" disease-resistant seed stock grown on the Department's oyster seed farm in Prince Edward Island, was made to Cara.quet Bay in New Brunswick to test the suitability of this seed stock for trans- plantation. Examinations were made in early August of 1959 of disease resis tant oysters transplanted in 1957, 1958 and 1959. The following is a summary of progress in the transplant areas as indicated by the August survey.

Location — Planted Growth Mortality Spawning Spat Set St. Louis de Kent 1958 average 7-8% heavy good Baie du Vin 1958 & average 7-8% 1959 extensive (1958) good • Miramichi Bay 1958 average 7-8% indicated not observed Caraquet Bay 1959 average 9-10% indicated not observed Shippegan Area 1957 zero indicated 1958 heavy 1958 zero indicated 1959 heavy Kent Co. Area N.B. 1959 light indicated not observed Wallace Maiagash* 1957 10-20% heavy (1958) Shortage of seed stock and oyster seed farming programme Second to the epidemic oyster disease, the Maritime oyster industry's greatest problem is a serious shorta.ge of seed. Oyster farmers on Prince Edward Island continue to depend on the picking of "wild" oysters as the main source of seed for their oyster farms. In this connection, 378 permits to pick oysters by hand were issued in 1959. 13 Spat Collection In an effort to supplement the drastic oyster seed shortage the Department greatly expanded its oyster seed farming operations. Over 42,000 egg-case-filler type spat collectors were set out in the Maritimes. It will be noted in the following tabulation of spat collection that the major portion of the collectors were set out in Prince Edward Island where the seed farming operations are being carried on. The remainder were set out in other parts of the Maritimes to observe the set. generally and especially in the areas of transplants.

OYSTER SPAT CATCH

Average Catch Number of Location Collectors Per Piller Per Sq. In. Prince Edward Island Bideford River 28,452 38,000 55.0 Freeland River 1,056 1,500 2.0 Conway River 10,560 3,605 5.0 New Brunswick Shippegan 120 196 0.3 Richibucto 6 700 1.0 Nova Scotia Malagash 1,024 4,340 6.2 Gillis Cove 540 5,670 8.1 Crowdis Bridge 540 28,400 40.3

It should be pointed out that the 1959 oyster spat set, which produced a catch of up to 55 spat per square inch in Prince Edward Island and up to 40.3 spat per square inch in Nova Scotia, was the heaviest in the past 20 years. Not only did 1959 produce a heavy set but in addition it was a year of excellent growth and a very low spat mortality. Due to this high survival and rapid growth all collectors set out in Prince Edward Island had to be thrashed by September 30. The thrashing of these 40,000 collectors produced 476 barrels of separated spat which were planted on the Department's seed farrn in Conway Narrows. With only normal mortality during the rearing stage to "bedding size- it is estimated that the 1959 spat catch should produce approximately 4000 barrels of seed oysters by 1961. Development of this phase of the work has been more favourable than was anticipated at the outset in 1958. In an effort to find a cheaper collector material a small test lot of 500 concrete coated trap laths was set out in the same general location in Prince Edward Island waters as the egg-case type collectors. These laths also received a heavy catch which would indicate that they are good collector material from the standpoint of catching. However, the separation of the spat from the lath presented a considerable problem which has not as yet been overcome. It is interesting to note that the heavy spat sets in 1958 and 1959 revived the interest of the individual oyster farmers in spat collection. A considerable number of oyster farmers in Prince Edward Island set out various materials for "cultch -. It is expected that there will be a marked increase In this activity in 1960.

14 Mechanical shellfish harvesting The mechanical shellfish harvester "Cyprina", which was constructed by the Industrial Development Service in co-operation with the Fisheries Research Board, primarily for clam harvesting, was found to be a suitable means of harvesting small "bedding size" oysters. When in 1958 the Fisheries Research Board's investigations in clam harvesting were completed, the "Cyprina" was turned over to the Conser- vation and Development Service for oyster work. It was apparent that the digging head designed for clam harvesting would not be suitable for oyster work since by its digging action it would destroy the oyster beds. A new head, designed by Fisheries Research Board personnel at the St. Andrews Biological Station, acted as a scoop rather than a digger. This new design of head was tested on trial plantings of "bedding size" oysters set out in Conway Narrows near the Department's oyster seed farm. These trials were most successful. For instance, while travelling at a speed of from two to three feet per second over plantings of a density of one oyster per square foot the "Cyprina." harvested 90 per cent. Skin divers following the harvester in operation could not find any trace of bottom damage either from the hydrojets or the scoop. Further tests of the "Cyprina's" capabilities in harvesting market size oysters were carried out during the fall of 1959 on priva.te oyster farms in the Malpeque Bay area. In this operation the "Cyprina" again proved to be a most efficient and effective means of harvesting oysters. Although this new method created considerable interest, the high initial cost of the equipment did not make it attractive to the individual oyster farmer. However, it was considered that co-operative action [11 could overcome this difficulty. From the Department's standpoint the "Cyprina" is particularly valuable for harvesting "bedding size" oysters from seed farms, which would be a very costly and lengthy operation if done by hand. Although its uses are limited by depth of in water it is most effective in cleaning beds of silt, etc. se Oyster leasing )1-1 As of December 31, 1959, there was a total of 1,308 oyster leases in effect in the three Maritime Provinces, on a total of 3,358.2 acres under cultivation. The following is a breakdown of these figures.

OYSTER LEASES IN EFFECT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1959 te Number of Number of Average Location Leases Acres Acreage

-1 Prince Edward Island nt Malpeque Bay Area 274 1,047.20 3.82 d- Other P.E.I. Areas 447 1,124.05 2.51 P.E.I. Totals 721 2,171.25 3.01 he , Nova Scotia ■er Bras d'Or Lakes Area 78 164 .31 2.10 " Other N.S. Areas 78 183.40 2.30 L • ; N.S. Totals 156 347.71 2.20

OYSTER LEASES IN EFFECT AS OF DECEMBER 31, .1959—Concluded

Number of Number of Average Location Leases Acres Acreage New Brunswick Gloucester County 427 827.27 1.90 Westmorland County 3 12.00 4.00

N.B. Totals 430 839.27 1.90

MARITIMES TOTAL 1,307 3,358.23 2.60

It is now apparent that the epidemic oyster disease which wiped out the oyster fishery in New Brunswick and in parts of Nova Scotia has been responsible to a large extent for the marked increase in oyster leasing activity during 1959. With the elimination of public fisheries by the epidemic disease and the effect of the rehabilitation transplants made by the Department, Maritime oyster fishermen now are realizing that the rehabilitation of disease devastated areas can be accom- plished most quickly by cultivation. As of December 31, 1959, approximately 700 applications for oyster leases which have been received during the past year are awaiting examination and survey. Seventy per cent of the applications are from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Oyster lease surveys During the year ending March 31, 1959, a total of 180 surveys of areas for oyster leases was completed, as well as other work pertaining to these surveys and the maintenance of oyster lease boundaries in Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Other surveys and examinations The resurvey of former provincial leases and the survey of new applications in the Neguac section of the Miramichi Bay Area necessitated a complete shoreline survey from Burnt Church to the upper end of Neguac Lagoon including the islands. This survey was completed along the main shore section during November 1959 so that lease surveys could be made on the ice during the winter. Boundaries ,of areas closed to the taking of shellfish for direct marketing as defined by the 1959 meeting of the Interdepartmental Shellfish Committee were located and marked on the following waters: Hunter River, P.E.I.; Darnley Basin, P.E.I.; Nebraska Creek, P.E.I.; Boughton River, P.E.I.; and Hillsborough River, P.E.I. The Maritime oyster industry Again during 1959 the Maritime Oyster industry continued to feel the effects of the epidemic oyster disease. Landings in New Brunswick dropped to an all time low of 377 barrels. Nova Scotia landings were up by 3383 barrels to a total of 3883 barrels. This increase was the direct result of the intensive fishery in Aspy Bay.

16 The Prince Edward Island fishery showed a marked increase in activity as oyster fishermen took advantage of the market demand for disease-free Prince Edward Island oysters. The two excellent growing seasons in 1958 and 1959 greatly increased the amount of marketable stocks on the Island. Prince Edward Island landings were up by 3700 barrels to a total of 15,134 barrels. With the increase in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia landings, the total Maritime landings for 1959 were 19,394 barrels, an increase of 5114 barrels over 1958. The landed value of the total Maritime crop is estimated at $472,894.

Biological Engineering Programme The largest commercial salmon catch for many years in Saint John Harbour and the tidal river section was recorded in 1959, but was not reflected in the upper Saint John River angling catches nor in the fishery counts at Beechwood and Tobique dams. This strengthens a premise suggested in 1958, that the bumper commercial salmon catch may have been largely from stocks originating in the tidal basin tributaries of the lower Saint John River. The drainage area involved is 5600 square miles and up to 1958 was totally unsprayed. The low counts at Tobique and Beechwood fishways suggest reductions primarily from D.D.T. forest spraying operations on the Tobique watershed (1700 sq. miles) in 1953, 1955, 1957 and 1958. Further reductions to the Tobique run are forecast to continue until 1961, but it is expected that these will in part be offset by large plantings of yearling salmon initiated in 1958. The first returns from these releases are expected in 1960. The exception to the generally low return pattern at Beechwood fishway was a relatively good run of early fish in May and early June. The main summer run was much reduced over 1958 and characterized by a marked decrease in the angled grilse catch. The total run through Beechwood amounted to 2588 fish, down 1977 from 1958. The Tobique River received a total of 1691 fish, 949 through the fishway and 742 transferred by truck from the Beechwood facilities. Efforts to determine the migration time between Beechwood and Tobique were badly disrupted as a result of the salmon transfer project. No observations could be made on the early run which normally is of a fast migration pattern. Obser- vations on tagged fish from the main summer and fall runs were made and results showed a decrease in average migration time from 1958. Salmon movement in the whole system virtually ceased during the last few days in July and the first ten days in August when low flows and high temperatures predominated. Three years of early spring netting operations in the lower flowage showed evidence of a buildup of smolt (3 + years), peaking in late May and disappearing in late June, but no evidence of a normal spring migration into the Tobique flowage or out of tributary streams. In 1959 pre-smolt and parr captured by test traps were found to be moving out of tributaries during the period October 12 to November 19 (when gear had to be removed). These data appear to substantiate the theory of a dominant late fall downstream movement of pre-smolt to the Tobique flowage, an overwintering there, and a normal spring smolt migration from the flowage to the sea. 17 Observations made at Beechwood since 1957 have indic,ated the presence of smolt in the headgate enclosure located in the powerhouse. Studies carried out in the spring of 1959 indicated that approximately 11 per cent of the -smolt passing through the forebay may enter the turbine headgate enclosure and experience a period of delay. Carefully controlled tests were run at Tobique Dam in July to determine the percentage mortality that could occur from the passage of yearling salmon through the power plant turbines. A number of operating difficulties were encountered in preliminary tests before any reliable results were obtained. Tests are to be repeated in 1960, doubling the number of fish and the amount of collecting gear in an effort to obtain larger samples to increase the reliability of the calculated mortality. A salmon nursery area assessment of the Saint John River below Beechwood was attempted in 1959 but 'difficulties attributable to over-crowded programmes, high water and late equipment delivery prevented the intended progress. Basic data collected in 1959 will assist with the assessment programme to be undertaken in 1960. As a result of the proposed Lequille River Hydro development in Nova Scotia further studies were undertaken in this river system. High water restricted the amount of information collected in 1959. Fish passage facilities agreed to by the Department have been incorporated in the Annapolis River aboideau dam located at Annapolis Royal. Basic information on the extent and timing of fish runs to the Annapolis River and its tributaries was gathered in 1959 by Protection Branch personnel in conjunction with the fish passage assessment programme being developed by the bio-engineering staff. The operation of the experimental predatory bird control programme on the Miramichi River was completely revised in 1959. Wardens and guardians, under the supervision of their District Protection Officers, undertook patrols formerly assigned to seasonal hunters. A two-man advisory crew provided by the Fish Culture Branch was responsible for estimating bird populations, compiling field data and assisting the patrols when required. The revised programme will be continued in 1960 with further modifications and refinements to increase the general efficiency of the operation. The St. Mary's River merganser control programme was continued on the same basis as in previous years, employing one guide and one warden under the supervision of the fishery officer. Returns from the early-late run experiment on River Philip were discourag- ingly low in 1959. The experiment has been overhauled and the venue shifted from its present site to the Big Salmon River, N.B. Pollution checks, continued at several locations in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, indicated the existence of serious conditions in the Cornwallis and Canard Rivers, N.S. Negotiations were conducted to abate the potential pollution from Irving Refinery in East St. John, N.B. and from the Nova Scotia Pulp Mill at Point Tupper. Three lakes in Nova Scotia were surveyed. The Comeauville River system, including its five lakes, was examined preparatory to possible poisoning in 1960 to

18 destroy chain pickerel. The success of brown trout introduction into the Waugh River, N.S., was investigated. Certain transfers of smallmouth black bass and of smelt ova were completed. During the year the Engineering Division investigated alleged obstacles to fish passage in several rivers in Nova Scotia and advised the Protection Branch concerning them. It also co-operated with the Department's Biological Division in the construction and installation of fishway traps and in construction of downstream migrant traps. A considerable amount of time was spent on maintenance and extension of various hatchery facilities, ranging from repair of rearing ponds to construction of a new dwelling at the Cardigan Fish Culture Station. The Fish Culture Branch offices were transferred from Saint John to the Area Director's headquarters at Halifax. Hatchery and pond establishment The fifteen hatcheries, four rearing ponds, and four salmon-retaining ponds functioned quite efficiently throughout the year. In addition to the collection of eggs at the four salmon retaining ponds, two river collections were carried out successfully, on the Restigouche River in New Brunswick and on the Margaree River in Nova Scotia. The annual landlocked salmon egg collections were also made at Clinch Brook and Chamcook Lake. The total collection of eggs from all species for the year amounted to 57,647,880; the total distribution of fish of all ages and species for the year amounted to 33,288,860. With very few exceptions the growth rate and survival of fish was above normal, due mainly to the cool, wet summer experienced in most areas. The out- standing exception to these conditions was the very low water, along with high temperatures, which occurred at Charlo Station in northern New Brunswick where the water temperature would have reached the lethal point had it not been for the auxiliary water supply pumped in from a spring-fed area of the Charlo River. To make full use of a spring-fed water supply, 80,000 Atlantic salmon fingerlings were held through the 1959-60 winter at Coldbrook Station. The results of this experiment were very encouraging, as well over 50 per cent of the yearlings reached the smolt stage before being liberated in the spring. A similar number is to be held through the 1960-61 winter, as it is considered to be a worthwhile effort in connection with the stepped-up Atlantic salmon programme. A considerable amount of construction and repair work has been completed at a number of stations during the year. The larger projects included three sets of long ponds, a new dwelling, and several new pipelines. The major repair jobs con-

7 sisted of facing and rebuilding dams, and the lesser jobs were repairs and alterations to buildings and pipelines.

1 NEWFOUNDLAND AREA In 1959 the Department's Fish Culture Development Branch was concerned with (a) problems related to hydro-electric development (Little Rattling Brook, Middle Brook, etc.), and (b) investigative and developmental programmes directed

19 towards maintenance, and increase of existing stocks (Exploits River development programme, fishery construction, etc.). The transfer of the annual run of Atlantic salmon from Rattling Brook to Great Rattling Brook was continued in 1959. Two more years will be required to complete the project, which was initiated in 1957 after power development of the system had been commenced. In the three years of operation a total of 1770 salmon have been transferred to Great Rattling Brook with a known loss of less than three per cent. As a result of an announcement by the Newfoundland Light and Power Company of the possible development of Middle Brook, near Gambo, a preliminary survey was undertaken. Results of these studies indicated the presence of an annual run of from 500 to 1000 Atlantic salmon. The feasibility of including fish passage facilities in the development was carefully considered during discussions with this company. The Exploits, Newfoundland's largest river, is for the most part inaccessible to anadromous fish. During the past two years biological and engineering surveys have been initiated to determine the feasibility of opening up additional areas in this system. Studies were initiated in 1959 to provide information on the magnitude of the salmon run proceeding beyond Bishop's Falls and on delay experienced by the migrants at this point. The programme will be continued in 1960. Topogra- phic surveys were completed at Bishop's and Grand Falls on the Exploits River by an engineering survey crew. These data are being collected in connection with improving access to lower tributaries and possible future development of the upper river system. The 1959 construction programme included the fabrication of a concrete fishway at Camp No. 1 Dam and consultation on the construction of a timber fishway at the outlet of Tote Lake, both on the Great Rattling Brook system. These structures will permit the ascent of raigratory fish species to previously inaccessible reaches of the river. A number of minor stream improvement projects were also completed during the year. The engineering field crew completed surveys at two locations on the Lomond River in preparation for the construction of a fishway and other improvement work at two points of difficult passage. Analysis of field data and preparation of detailed drawings of a suitable fishway will be completed by the engineering staff during the winter months. PACIFIC AREA The work of the Fish Culture Branch in the Pacific Area continued to expand in 1959. While some types of industrial problems such as those created by hydroelectric developments decreased in immediate intensity, others such as pollution problems and water diversions for industry increased. This appeared to be the result of a slackening in primary development accompanied by an increase in secon industry to overtake the primary expansion of the last few years. The programme aimed at developing and expanding the fishery was increased during the year and further larger increases were in the planning stages for implementation in the future. 20 The main large industrial problems dealt with were the Whitehorse Rapids hydroelectric development on the Yukon River and the Ash River development on Vancouver Island. The Whitehorse Rapids development was completed early in the year, and the fish facilities were placed in operation in July. Grayling, lake trout, whitefish and suckers used the fishway to pass over the 60 ft. dam, in addition to the main run of Yukon River spring salmon. By the end of August a total run of 1040 spring salmon had been counted through the fishway. Studies of the Ash River diversion project were continued but no satisfactory solution had been arrived at by the end of the year. Biological and engineering surveys were continued on a number of other river systems which have potential hydroelectric sites such as the Nass River, Sproat and Stamp Rivers, Clearwater River, Chilko River, and Nanika River. In addition studies were continued on several river systems which have been developed for power including Jones Creek, the Puntledge River, the Cheakamus River, and three diversions into the Campbell River. The Fraser River Board was reconstituted during the year and studies were immediately commenced of the fisheries problems associated with the proposals for flood control made in the Board's Preliminary Report. Screening problems were investigated and adequate methods were devised to screen the water intakes for the Burrard thermal plant of the B.C. Electric Co., which would have a capacity of about 1000 cfs of seawater, and several smaller intakes including a water supply from the Somass River for the city of Alberni and an irrigation and domestic supply for B.C. Fruitlands from the Thompson River at Kamloops. A water supply project for the city of Vancouver on the Seymour River was also intensively studied during the year and progress made toward a solution of the problem of the residual flow to be left in the river for fish propagation below the dam. During the year a large number of pollution problems were studied in collaboration with the owners of the source of the pollutants, and satisfactory solutions were worked out to protect the fishery. Several domestic sewage projects were exa.mined and recommendations made. The effluent from five mines was studied, induding two base metal and three iron mines, and suitable arrangements made for disposal. Studies of pulp mill effluents were also continued although no new mills were constructed during the year. Other problems solved included effluent from a fine paper mill on the Fraser River, several electroplating plants in Vancouver, a new distillery and two acetylene plants in the lower mainland area. A recurring problem during the year was that created by the use of pesticides for control of mosquitoes in urban areas, and for control of infestation of timber by several types of pests both in the forests and in the water. Benzene hexachloride is used for spraying felled logs in the water to control the ambrosia beetle, and these operations were carefully studied to prevent harm to fish life from this highly toxic chemical. Spraying of logs and structures in salt water with sodium arsenite to discourage teredo growth was also carefully controlled during the year to prevent harm to fish life. 21 Barrier dam and fishway at the Whitehorse Rapids Power Development in the Yukon Territory. Many minor problems were also dealt with during the year such as screens for small irrigation and domestic water supply projects, new road culverts which would permit access by migrating salmon, clearance of logging slash from streams, etc. These were taken care of in many cases by fishery officers of the Protection Branch, but technical assistance was supplied where required. Several new projects for development of the fishery were started during the year and some were completed. The clearance of an obstruction by excavation of loose rock was undertaken during the winter in Hagwilget Canyon on the Bulkley River. During the following summer the pink salmon runs to this system encountered little difficulty in ascending through the canyon, where they had been obstructed at certain water levels in previous years. Construction of the final two fishways on the Indian River near Butedale was commenced by contract, but work was not completed by the end of the year. These fishways are expected to cost more than $120,000 by the time they are coin- pleted. Construction of a new spawning channel at Robertson Creek, Vancouver Island, marked a new departure for the Department since this is the first channel constructed for the purpose of developing the fishery. Channels previously constructed were associated with hydroelectric projects. The new channel is over a half-mile in length, will accommodate flows up to 250 cfs, and eventually will have cost over $200,000. While not completed in 1959, the channel was sufficiently advanced to accommodate a planting of 1.6 million eyed pink salmon eggs in the fall of the year. It is planned to establish larger runs of coho and spring salmon to the channel in addition to the pink salmon. The channel is also designed to permit study of new fish culture techniques, including the rearing of young coho to migrant stage. A test flume was also constructed at Robertson Creek in conjunction with the channel, to permit studies of hydroelectric problems in the area and elsewhere. Studies of a louver diverter were planned for the first project in it. The flume was partially financed by the Fisheries Research Board which will use it for studies on swimming performance of adult salmon. During the year surveys were undertaken and planning started on the largest development project ever undertaken by the Department—the establishment of a controlled flow over a seven-mile section of the Big Qualicum River on Vancouver Island. Planning was started by a firm of consulting engineers working under direction of the Department's engineers on the project to control the outflow from Horne Lake, and prevent local flooding in the seven-mile reach from Horne Lake to the sea. Indications were that the project was both feasible and economical, and would greatly increase runs of all species of salmon except sockeye to the river. In addition to the foregoing, preliminary surveys and planning proceeded on other development projects such as elimination of the obstruction at Meziadin Falls on the Nass system, at Verney Falls on the Lowe Inlet system, and at the falls on the Maggie River on Vancouver Island. Other obstructions were studied on various river systems in the province. As in previous years, many small obstructions were removed by local fishery officers but once again technical assistance was provided where needed.

23 Robertson Creek, near Port Alberni, B.C., on which was built the largest salmon spawning channel constructed to date in Canada or the United States.

In dealing with the industrial problems described earlier, excellent co-operation and collaboration was enjoyed with other fisheries agencies. Among these were the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, the Fish and Game Branch of the British Columbia Department of Recreation and Conservation, and the Fisheries Research Board. In addition much valuable technical data and information was exchanged with state and federal fisheries agencies in the United States. Protection MARITIMES AREA In addition to maintaining the law with regard to the fisheries, protection officers of the Maritimes Area are also responsible for the collection of statistical data for the Economics Service and are important sources of information for other services of the Department. Close contact is maintained with fishermen in the overall work of protection. A total of 27,878 licenses of all kinds were issued, in addition to 7,000 special rer, mostly for angling. Of the commercial licenses, 20,099 were for lobster fishing. mits, During 1959 there were 681 prosecutions for various breaches of the Fisheries Act and Regulations. These resulted in 622 convictions which brought nine jail terms to offenders and $12,291.50 in fines. Illegal lobster fishing was responsible for 431 of the prosecutions and accounted for five of the jail terms and $8,490.50 of the fines. In addition, there were 2206 confiscations, 1705 of them in the lobster

24 fishery. The confiscations induded 16,771 lobster traps and 140,083 lobsters. A special force of protection officers, drawn from the regular staff, was organized to combat illegal lobster fishing. The total landings of fish and shellfish in the Maritimes Area amounted to 689.4 million pounds during 1959, valued to the fishermen at $39.1 million. This was the highest return yet recorded. The increase was due mainly to heavier landings of herring and lobsters. Herring showed an increased value of approximately $500,000. Lobster landings increased from 35.5 million pounds in 1958 to 38.7 million pounds in 1959, with the value increasing from $13.2 million to $15.6 million. In the 1929 collection of statistical data, a special survey was carried out during the year, in which approximately 24,000 separate enumerations of fishing enterprises were listed. In addition, many surveys of proposed harbour and vessel berthing facilities were made for the benefit of the Department of Public Works, and protection officers assisted in work connected with the administration of the Fishermen's Indemnity Plan. Considerable attention was given to the enforceraent of regulations of the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, governing the size of nets used by trawlers and draggers operating from Maritimes Area ports. Protection officers checked 174 vessels and inspected 244 nets. There was no evidence of any vessels making a continued practice of violating the regulations. A survey of the fleet of trawlers and draggers showed that 351 of these vessels operated from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island ports during the year. Of these 307 were small draggers, up to 65 feet in length; 11 were medium, between 66 and 100 feet in length, and 33 were large, 100 feet or more in length. A number of small draggers and longliners in Nova Scotia engaged in Danish seining. With the co-operation of the Fisheries Research Board, 14 fishery officers were given a short course in applied biology at the Board's biological station at St. Andrews, N.B. The addition of a new, 146-foot vessel, the Cygnus, brought the protection fleet in the Maritimes Area to a strength of 27. NEWFOUNDLAND AREA Salmon anglers enjoyed a very successful season in 1959, although the catch of 19,814 fish was approximately 2,000 fewer than the record year of 1958. The average weight of the salinon taken was 4.8 pounds, and the largest recorded, taken at Crabbe's River, weighed 30 pounds. Water levels were extremely low in practi- call), all areas for most of the season, with the result that salmon encountered considerable difficulty in migrating to spawning areas. There were 78 prosecutions for breaches of the salmon and trout regulations, one more than in the previous year. In the majority of cases, offences were of a minor nature and fines ranging from $5.00 to $50.00 were imposed. 1 In the commercial salmon fishery, field officers made an intensified effort to enforce regulations. The majority of infractions involved the use of undersized

25 mesh. It was found in a number of instances, also, that fishermen were not observing the regulation governing the tying-up of nets over weekends. A protection officer was assigned to full-time duty inspecting fishing gear affected by the regulations of the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, which specify minimum mesh sizes. In addition, other officers checked the nets of trawlers at the plants where they land their catches. Twenty-three officers were assigned to lobster protection duties, stationed at 19 lobster "pools" and at other strategic points. In all districts the usual co, respect to the regulations operation was received from fishermen, especially with governing the taking of berried (spawn bearing) and/or undersized lobsters. There were 18 prosecutions, compared with 53 in the previous year. Fines totalled $154.50. The Department continued to pay bounties of $10 for each adult harbour or bay seal killed and $5 for each young one, in its effort to alleviate the depredations of this species. Bounties paid amounted to nearly $10,000. Nine coastal patrol boats were operated in various areas of the province, and two river craft were assigned to river protection duties. Patrols were made in areas where foreign fishing vessels operated, and there were winter patrols with the local fishing fleet along the western part of the southwest coast. A number of disabled vessels were assisted where circumstances dic- tated and no commercial salvage was available. Critically ill persons were taken to hospital from isolated communities along the coast when the use of the Depart- ment's services was deemed necessary and expedient. The regular fisheries patrol fleet was supplemented by 40 small-powered boats chartered for varying periods, for use mainly in protection work on inland waters.

PACIFIC AREA There was no let-up during 1959 in the trend of recent years towards greater efficiency and mobility of fishing units on the Pacific coast, particularly in the salmon fishery, the regulation and management of which is of prime concern. This continuing development requires the close attention of fishery officers in the various districts in the Area who, with their knowledge Of local conditions, are required to recommend special closures, extended weekly closed times and other conservation measures. Regulatory policies with regard to salmon fishing were the most stringent and restrictive on record, due to the aforementioned high degree of skills being maintained by the fishing fleets and the fact that at best only moderate returning salmon runs were expected. Landings of salmon in 1959 were in fact lower than in any year since 1951. However, when comparing the 1959 totals with those of previous years, consideration must be given to the fact that a two-week strike tied up the entire fishing industry from July 25 to August 9. Developments or trends of special interest associated with the 1959 salmon migration and escapement are the cause of satisfaction in some cases, dissatisfaction in others. The low returns of chum salmon to northern coastal areas are of major concern. In some cases they were the poorest on record. Despite an almost complete

26 ban on fishing, chum escapement to the Queen Charlotte Islands was very light, generally less than the weak brood year and only slightly better than the light runs of 1955 on the east coast and a portion of the west coast of Moresby Island. Escape- ment to streams of the Butedale area was the poorest on record, and in the Bella Bella area where fairly good runs were experienced four years ago a decline in the number of spawners was evident. On the other hand, some improvement in chum runs to the southern areas of the province over the weak 1955 cycle year was generally in evidence. The volume of catch reflected this improved state and spawning ground supplies were much more satisfactory, including Harrison and Chehalis Rivers at the head of Howe Sound and Puntledge, Big Qualicum and Cowichan Rivers on the east coast of Vancouver Island. Pink salmon runs generally were substantially below expectations based on the good spawning escapements of two years before. The Fraser pink run was the second smallest in the history of the fishery, and where a return aggregating some four million fish was looked for on the Skeena River, the actual run was 2,200,000 fish. The lesser returns are attributed to adverse survival conditions at sea. The volume of catch at some points was curtailed because of the two-week- tie-up of fishing gear during the strike. The coho and spring salmon runs were of good average volume. This is reflected by catch statistics and spawning ground escapements. Both of these varieties continue as a major attraction in the province's rapidly expanding tourist and recreational fields in the southern coastal areas. No large sockeye run was in prospect and returns were much of the order anticipated, with the exception of the Fraser River, where improved runs prevailed. The aggregate catch was appreciably reduced in volume by the strike action at the end of July and the beginning of August. A significant development was the substantial catch gain in pinks made by trollers, particularly along the west coast of Vancouver Island, where the fish were still long distances from their spawning streams, and in the Alert Bay sub-district. The trollers took 809,000 pinks or 11.9 per cent of the total pink catch. In the Alert Bay sub-area the troll pink catch comprises 20 per cent of the sub-area catch of this species. Because of the successful competitive effort with purse-seines and gill-nets in the Alert Bay area, trollers were required to observe special weekly closed seasons for a three-week period at the height of the pink run, in common with the net fishermen. An improved volume of chum salmon escapement to the spawning streams on the mainland and the eastern part of Vancouver Island from Johnstone Strait south, and to the Harrison-Chehalis streams on the Fraser, is directly attributable to the -four-ten" conservation formula, i.e., four days' fishing followed by ten days' closure, during the fall fishing season, in all areas between Vancouver Island and the mainland, induding Johnstone Strait, the Gulf of Georgia and the Fraser River. A regular, progressive influx and distribution from the Johnstone Strait migration towards the many streams draining into the Strait of Georgia was

27 attained, and the enhanced spawning escapements should bear fruit in four years' time. The fishery officers assigned to protection work issued 20,131 commercial fishing licenses and 1960 Indian Food Permits. In addition 1118 angling permits were issued for sport fishing in tidal areas, where such permâs are required, namely Rivers Inlet, Phillips Arm and Muchalat Inlet. The sport fishing effort continued to rise during the year, but landings showed a small decline from 408,900 fish in 1958 to 396,000 in 1959. Departmental officers are continuing to give more attention to this phase of their duties than in the past, as the demands of the fishery increase. During the year there were 236 prosecutions for violations of the various Acts and Regulations for the enforcement of which the Department is responsible. Revenue amounted to $8048 from fines and $9115.13 from the sale of confiscated articles and fish. Predator control, stream clearance work and fry salvage are included in the duties of the fishery officers. In this work 193 hair seals and 2462 sea lions were destroyed, 2309 of the latter being killed on special hunts conducted by departmental boat crews and fishery officers in the Scott Island group off the northwestern tip of Vancouver Island. The summer was cooler and wetter than it normally is and as a result the need for salvage of salmon fry was not as pressing as usual. However, 400,245 fry were saved, chiefly along the lower east coast of Vancouver Island. The number of departmental vessels on patrol duty in the Pacific Area was maintained at 40. The construction of two wooden craft, a 51-foot vessel to replace FPL Clupea and a 45-footer to replace FPLePursepa, which have seen long service in the Skeena River and Pender Harbour sub-districts, was commenced late in the year for completion early in 1960. Re-engining of the Department's 125-foot steel protection cruisers Laurier and Howay with twin 500 hp diesel propulsion plants was undertaken during the year. This was completed on the Laurier early in May and the Howay was scheduled to return to service early in 1960 with new engine and extensive refitting. The policy of equipping fishery officers in certain areas with fast, seaworthy speedboats was continued, adding greatly to the efficiency of the protection fleet in supplementing the services of the patrol vessels and carrying out many duties associated with the ever-increasing sport fishing in tidal waters. Efforts were con, tinued to increase the efficiency of radio telephones and other electronic equipment on departmental vessels and in shore establishments by replacing obsolete units with equipment of modern design. Major rebuilding of hull and deck structure was carried out on the FPC Atlin Post, FPC Clavella and FPL 102. The number of motor vehicles operated by the Protection Branch in the Pacific Area increased from 25 to 27. The fishery officer who was permanently stationed at Whitehorse, in the Yukon Territory, in the fall of 1958 was occupied during 1959 with surveys of the potential of lakes in the territory from the standpoint of freshwater fisheries. He also checked on the rapidly increasing sport fishery, reviewed the existing coin, mercial fishery and reported on the pollution of waters by industry.

28 CENTRAL AREA The trend toward a smaller average number of commercial fishermen each year on Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories is continuing, with 181 men operating during the calendar year 1959, compared with 260 the previous year and about 300 five years previously. The decrease in numbers is more marked in the winter fishery than in the summer. However, with only 159 fishermen starting the winter season in December 1959, the catch per man and subsequent cash return for that month was an improvement on the previous year, when the catch was divided among 263 fishermen. Improved operational and organizational methods, developed through experience, would appear to have brought about a higher degree of catching efficiency. The year 1959 commenced with furious blizzards on Great Slave Lake, which hampered operations for a considerable period, and continued bad weather resulted in a decreased catch. To make up for this, a previously unfished portion of the lake was opened for commercial fishing for one year only, with a quota of 200,000 pounds. The commercial fishing season was also extended for one week, March 31 to April 7. After the spring closure, fishing is not generally resumed until the ice goes out, but in 1959 it was started by a few venturesome fishermen through treacherous ice on the opening day of the summer season, May 16, for a 10-day period. Other fishermen, when some open water appeared at the east end of the lake early in June, trucked their boats 85 miles to reach it. Because of comparatively low production during the summer, the season was extended to September 25 from the usual closing date of September 15. Five fishing companies operated from the beginning of the ye,ar until the end of summer, but in December only two companies had entered the winter fishery. The 1959 catch in Great Slave, January 1 to December 31, amounted to 5,586,924 pounds, with poundage for each species as follows: whitefish, 3,437,517; lake trout, 1,702,543; inconnu, 214,252; jackfish, 210,525; pickerel, 19,587; mullets, 2500. Four smaller lakes in the territory were fished, but the total catch from these of all species was only 242,064 pounds. The lakes are Tathlina, Nonacho, Kakisa and Stark. Four fishery officers and two guardians meet the requirements of the Depart- ment's management programme in the Northwest Territories. During the winter they carry out patrols of Great Slave Lake with three bombardiers, or snowmobiles, and in the summer they operate two 15-foot craft, the Mareca and the Mania. A light aircraft is used in both winter and summer. Constant patrols aided the enforcement of regulations, particularly those governing mesh sizes, and as a result there were only four prosecutions, all of which resulted in convictions for breaches of the Fisheries Act and Regulations. The previous year there had been more than a score of prosecutions and convictions. During the year, the matter of opening additional lakes of the Northwest Territories to commercial fishing was under active consideration. Before any decisions of this nature can be finalized, a period of test fishing and analysis of data

29 is necessary to ensure that potential is adequate and within safe limits. Consideration must also be given to any possible effect on the maintenance of availability of fish for Indian domestic use. The nuinber of sport fishing licenses issued during the year was double tha t of the previous year. This fact, with the formation of tourist associations in such places as Yellowknife, emphasizes the interest in and growth of angling in the territories. The beluga, or white whale, fishery at Churchill on the west shore of Hudson Bay has been steadily declining, from a kill of 596 belugas in 1954 to 268 in 1959. This reduction is not due to decline in stocks, but to the employment situation at Churchill, where the Eskimo and Indian hunters can secure well paid work. These hunters now take part in the white whale fishery mainly for additional income and recreation. The meat and liver produced from the catch found a market with northern mink ranchers, and the oil extracted was sold readily. An aerial survey made on the west shore of Hudson Bay from York Factory to Eskimo Point showed a count of 3230 beluga sighted, indicating no serious depletion of the species. Protection Fleet Constant patrols of commercial fishing areas in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and on certain inland waters are made by the Department's protection fleet of 80 vessels, which are listed in the next section of this report. The offshore fleet operates in support of both Canadian and international regulations. Smaller patrol craft are used on inshore and inland waters to protect the fisheries. The Department's vessels in all areas form part of the group of ships in readiness when the overall Search and Rescue Plan of co-ordinated assistance calls on them for help. During the year there was participation in numerous incidents of this type on both coasts. The following section of the report lists the fleet by areas and services.

30 DEPARTMENTAL VESSELS

URING 1959 the Cygnus, a 146-foot steel vessel, entered the Protection D Service off the Atlantic coast, and the large vessel which previously bore that name was re-named Lamna. The addition of the Cygnus brought the strength of the Protection Fleet to 80, but in addition the Department maintains a floating bait depot, the Arctica, for the Newfoundland Bait Service, a floating fish inspection laboratory, the Belle Bay, in Newfoundland, and a smaller craft, the Ostrea, for oyster culture work. The Fisheries Research Board of Canada has a fleet of 18 vessels of varying sizes. The makeup of the fleets is as follows : Protection Service

Name Tonnage Length Crew

Maritimes Area- Acartia 7.16 37' 2 Alosa 52 62.5' 5 Cardita 15 45' 3 Cratena 56 65' 5 Crumella 65 65' 6 Cygnus 524 146.3' 29 Diala 16 42' 3 Fabia 12 37' o Gull Light 3.08 39.4' 2 Hyperia 11.39 40' 2 Ilea 10 40' 2 Lacuna 61 64.5' 5 Lamna 581 155.4' 32 Limanda 61 64.5' 5 Macoma 13 34' 3 Marcia 15 45' 3 Modiolus II 13 38.7' 2 Mya II 13 38. 7' 2 ObeLia 8 36' 2 Osmerus 25 40' 3 Paphia 15 45' 3 Prim Light 3.11 39.5' 3 Rossia 12 38' 2 Sabella 58.28 65' 5 Serpula 13 42' 2 Tegula 15 45' 3 Yorke Point — 26' 1

Newfoundland Area — Aurelia 29 48' 3 Badger Bay 48 57' 3 Boltenia 29 48' 3

31 Name Tonnage Length Crew

Newfoundland Area--Concluded Cinderella 28 56.5' 3 Crago 13 36' 1 Eastern Explorer 58 73.5' 8 Louise Ruth 20 41 . 8' 2 Nebalia 29 48' 3 Pecten 13 36' 2 Point May 31 53' 3 Porella 20 48' 3 Sabinea 15 40' 2

Central Area- Mareca (Great Slave Lake) 15 32.7' 9 .7q Mania (Great Slave Lake) 15 45' 2

Pacific Area- Agonus 19 37' 2 Ardea 10 36' 1 Arrow Post 44 54.6' 4 Atlin Post 45 61.5' 5 Atolla 16 37.3' 1 Babine Post 52 55.7' 4 Beldis 21 47' 3 St. Black Raven II 25 46.5' 3 Bonila Rock II 23 47' 3 Brama 19 42' 1 Branta 10 36' 1 Chile° Post 48 63' 5 Ciona 14 34.5' 3 Clavella 38 52' 4 Clupea 25 46.2' 3 Comox Post 45 54.2' 4 Daphnia 13 34' 1 - Diaphus 16 39.6' 1 - Egret Plume II 25 46.5' 3 F.D. 102 11 34.1' 1 F.D. 201 10 33.3' 2 F.D. 202 18 38.2' 2 Gavia 17 40.7' 2 Howay 198 115.7' 15 Kitimat ... 79 79.7' 9 Laurier 201 113' 15 North Rock 19.67 45' 1 Nicola Post 48 63' 5 Onerka II 25 . 46.5' 3 Pholis 16 37 . 3' 1 Pursepa 21 47' 3 Rissa 10 36' 1 Sarda 8 31.9' 1 Sooke Post 52 55.7' 4 Star Rock 18 39 . 9' 2

32 Name Tonnage Length Crew

Pacific Area—Concluded Statistic 10 30' 2 Stema 10 36' 2 Stuart Post 44 54.6' 4 Swantail II 19 40.3' 3 Bait Service Newfoundland Area- Arctica 313 135.6' 15 Inspection Service Newfoundland Area- Belle Bay (laboratory vessel) 38.96 63.5' 4 Fish Culture Service Maritimes Area- Ostrea 7.67 35' 2 (when required) Fisheries Research Board St. John's, Nfld.— A. T. Cameron 330 167.5' 25 Investigator II 52 78.4' 9 Marinus 35 58.5' 6 Parr 18 44.4' 2

St. Andrews, N.B.— Harengus 48 77.6; 9 J. J. Cowie 22 56.3' 5 Mallotus 13 53.8' 4 Pandalus II 20 46.3' 3 Clupea 11 30.2' 1 Cyprina 10 34.3' 2

Montreal, P.Z. (Arctic Unit)— Calanus 5 47' 2 Salvelinus 13 35'

London, Ont.— Cottus (Great Lakes) 10 41.9' 2 Stenodus (Great Slave Lake) 10 42.8' 2

Nanaimo, B.C.— A. P. ICnight 78 72.5' 6 Investigator I 36 54.3' 4 Alta 13 38.9' 2 Noctiluca 8 30.1' 1

33 89633-2-3 INSPECTION AND CONSUMER SERVICE

N APRIL 1959, the Depaliment made systematic inspection available, on a I voluntary basis, for fresh and frozen fishery products and the plants that process them. The standards adopted were the result of discussions between governnient and industry and were set by the Canadian Government Specifications Board. Processors meeting these standards are now permitted to use quality designations on their products. Certification for plants to pack fish under the Specification is granted if the plants comply with the high standards designated for construction, sanitation, equipment, handling and processing. The frozen products of these plants may be marked "Canada Inspected'', and fish sold fresh may be marked "Processed Under Government Supervision - . In each case the emblem consists of the words enclosed in the outline of a maple leaf. At the end of the year, the total number of plants certified was 28, distributed provincially as follows: Newfoundland, 2; Nova Scotia, 8; New Brunswick, 1; Quebec, 2; Ontario, 1; Saskatchewan, 5; Manitoba, 1; British Columbia, 8. Another important development during 1959 was the transfer of the Quebec inspection service to federal administration, to provide uniformity of inspection on a national basis. The transfer was effected by agreement between the federal and Quebec governments and returned to the Department the administration of in the provincial government. spection which had been delegated years earlier to Most of the employees of the Quebec inspection service were transferred to the federal Department of Fisheries. Maritimes Area

During 1959 the inspection officers of the field service in the Maritimes Area carried out 12,147 separate inspections for quality and grade of salted, dried, smoked and pickled fish and other products under the Fish Inspection Act and Regulations, involving 84,088,585 pounds, including fresh and frozen lobster meat and Irish moss. This was an increase of 3,628,288 pounds over the previous year. These inspections did not include those conducted under the C.G.S.B. Specification, which approved 15,695,940 pounds of fishery products between April 1 and the end of the year. Of this quantity all except about 200,000 pounds was in the fillet or the processed form, and cod and haddock fillets and blocks accounted for over of the total. 11,000,000 pounds A comparison of the totals of the salted and dried fish inspected in 1959 and 1958 shows an increase in 1959 of over two million pounds in the quantity inspected. This is accounted for by an increase in the amount of dry pollock. There was some

34 decrease in the total amount of hake inspected and a slight increase in the amount of boneless fish. The higher production of cod reflects the ever-increasing quantities of green salted fish going from Newfoundland to Nova Scotia in bulk. An increase is also noted in the total amount of pickled, smoked and other types of fish inspected. The greatest variables in this class of fish are mackerel and herring. In some districts the mackerel catch was a failure. An increase in the quantity of oysters was noticeable and is accounted for partly by new beds which were found in Aspy Bay in Cape Breton. Lobster meat production showed a slight a increase, but smelts were down almost 40 per cent from 1958. .s During the year, 403,051 containers were inspected, with bloater boxes ac- counting for the largest proportion of the total. • . The quantities of various kinds of fish reinspected under the Fish Inspection Act during 1959 amounted to 2,103,546 pounds. This total is almost identical with the quantity reinspected the year before, and represents almost 2.5 per cent of the original inspections. Only a small quantity, 63,204 pounds of fish, was con- n, sidered as unfit for food and this reflects well on the educational work whkh Fishery e Officers continually carry out with fish plant operators and workers. er ed A total of 3,376,000 pounds of lobster meat was inspected during 1959, an increase of about 355,000 pounds over 1958. :ed Two thousand and sixty-two lots of imported canned fish were submitted to 1; the inspection laboratories for inspection, representing 132,952 cases of 50 cans to the case of sardines and 335,186 cases of 48 cans to the case of other types of fish. Dec These did not constitute all imports of canned fish, but the number is indicative on of a very considerable increase during 1959 in the total number of cases imported Lnd into Canada. in- Of the lots inspected, 1571 were released as satisfactory and 258 were released with warnings regarding labelling, weight and low quality. A total of 132 lots was the placed under detention until corrections had been made on the labels for short weight or other inaccuracies. In some instances, lots were detained until culling recommended by the laboratory was carried out. Of the remainder, 77 lots and part of 12 others were recommended for rejection because of low quality or the use of chemical preservatives or colouring agents, which are not permitted in ca.nned Lrea fish in Canada. ied, The main fish inspection laboratory is situated and in Halifax. There are regional laboratories in St. Andrews and Shediac, New Brunswick, and Charlottetown, aeat Prince Edward Island. The Halifax laboratory serves Nova 'ear. Scotia; the Shediac laboratory the southeast coast of New Brunswick; the St. Andrews laboratory the south coast the of New Brunswick, and the Charlottetown laboratory, Prince Edward Island. fillet Dver In addition to the regional Laboratories, one large mobile laboratory is operated on a year-round basis and two small ones on a seasonal basis. The work of these and establishments is to carry out water surveys, sanitation inspection in fresh fish plants :ted. and canneries, lobster control work, bacteriologic,a1 analyses of plant water supplies and ;om e sanitary surveys of shell-fish waters, in addition, of course, to inspection 35 89633-2-3; of fishery products. In the latter connection, the officers of the fish inspection laboratories are responsible for the grading and inspection of domestic canned fish; the inspection of imported canned fish; the re-grading and re-inspection of these products when necessary; the determination of quality of routine samples of fishery products; the examination and quality analyses of salted, smoked, fresh, frozen and marinated fishery products; the bacteriological examination of the quality of fresh and frozen lobster meat, and the chemical and bacteriological analyses of the quality of groundfish fillets. Among the duties of the field force of the Inspection and Consumer Service are the inspection and grading of salted and dried cod, pollock, hake, haddock and cusk (including boneless fish prepared from these species); pickled herring, ale- wives, mackerel (split and fillets) and sahnon; smoked herring (bloaters, boneless and mild cured); oysters; frozen smelts; lobster meat (fresh and frozen); Irish moss; inspection of containers (barrels, pails and boxes); the inspection and grading of canneries, shellfish shucking plants and fish plants. In 1957 a voluntary system of inspection of fresh fish at dockside was introduced. The inspectors are also required to check the weight of numerous fishery products to prevent the marketing of "short weight" packs; to see that container markings and descriptions meet requirements; to check labels and labelling requirements for canned fish, fresh and frozen fish, and shucked shellfish products; to maintain a constant check on sanitary conditions and operating methods in canneries, shellfish shucking plants and fish plants; to be responsible for withdrawals of routine samples of canned fish for grading and inspection purposes and imported fish products, both canned and frozen, for inspection, and to issue inspection and grading certificates for all types of inspected and graded fish products. They are also available for advice to the industry and to fishermen and in addition they assist the Protection Branch in the issuance of fishing licenses, the taking of bounty claims, and patrol work. Many officers collect statistics, give price reports, and assist in the Salt Assistance Programme and in the work of the Fishermen's Indemnity Plan. The tremendous increase in landings of scallops from offshore boats in recent years is worthy of note. These landings are largely confined to Nova Scotia. There are now 23 scallop draggers carrying crews of from 15 to 20 men each, equipped for fishing scallops on such offshore banks at Georges and St. Pierre. At the request of scallop packing plant owners, inspectors are grading these scallops at dockside and, although this was started late in the year, over one and three-quarter million pounds were inspected and graded by year's end. An inspector is required to be on duty at a clam shucking plant at least once a day whenever it is operating. This is to make certain that sanitary practices re , the International Shellfish Agreement between Canada and the United quired by States are effectively maintained at all times. Daily sa,mpling procedures, weight and sanitation checks are also made at lobster meat packing plants. Bacteriological and organoleptic examinations are made regularly to meet the requirements of the State of Massachusetts and the City of New York for imports of lobster meat. Training courses were given to fishery inspectors from time to time in various parts of the Maritimes Area to make uniform application of quality standards

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Some of the fish cookery books and pamphlets published by the Department. ■nce TC' possible. These courses are also helpful to the officers because of the educational ited work they carry on in their day to day contacts with fishermen and members of ight the fishing industry. The field officers also gave a number of demonstrations to ;ical groups of fishermen of the cutting of boneless cod, and helped train plant personnel the when requested in the various operations involved in canning, salting, drying and smoking fish, and in the making of marinated products. A course for cannery fore- ious men was held at Charlottetown in April. This was sponsored jointly by the federal , 1 arcls Department of Fisheries and the Government of Prince Edward Island. I 37 ï

] Pacific Area During 1959 the Fish Inspection Laboratory at Vancouver inspected 2,456 parcels of British Columbia canned salmon, totalling the equivalent of 1,096,433 48-pound cases. This represents a decrease from the previous year of 147 parcels and 803,793 cases. There was no inspection of British Columbia canned herring during 1959. Markets for this product have fallen off badly of late years, but 1959 was the only year that there was no production since compulsory inspection of British Columbia canned herring was provided by regulation in 1941. Because of shortages in staff as a result of the inauguration of the fresh, frozen and processed fish inspection programme under Canadian Government Specifications Board Specification, the inspection of imported canned fish was suspended between June 15 and October 1. Consequently the number of canned fish inspections covering imports into Canada through Ports of Entry west of the Great Lakes was reduced to 796, as compared with 1691 in 1958. These inspections represented imports of 200,265 cases of canned fish and shellfish. Of these, 18 lots, comprising 3600 cases, were refused entry because of unsound quality, and 44 lots, comprising 2700 cases, were detained for labelling changes to comply with provisions of the Meat and Canned Food Act. Inspection of imports of fresh, frozen and cured fish also had to be curtailed during part of 1959 because of staff shortages. However, during part of the year 65 inspections were made of imports entering through the Greater Vancouver area. These covered some 95,000 pounds of fresh, frozen and cured fish. During 1959, inspections were made in three lot shipments of 1025 boxes, amounting to approximately 205 tons of dry salted herring, produced and shipped to the Orient. The inspection of fresh and frozen fish plants under the voluntary inspection programme began in April, and between that time and the end of the year a total of 18,173,700 pounds of fresh and frozen fish were inspected under the C.G.S.B. Specification. Work was continued during the year at the Vancouver Inspection Laboratory on the development of permanent reference colour standards for possible use in the grading of canned salmon into Fancy and Standard grades within the Certificate Quality Classification. A great deal of work was completed on design and specifications for nelx, premises for the laboratory, which were ready for occupancy by the end of 1959. Newfoundland Area The main factor affecting the Inspection Service in Newfoundland during 1959 was the proclamation of the Fish Inspection Act and the Meat and Canned Food Act. Regulations under both these Acts were also made effective. These regulations were patterned on those which existed in Newfoundland prior to union. Only a small quantity of the 1958 production of salted fish was carried over into 1959, as a result of marked demand. For that reason, salted fish inspection was

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55 2. Part of the Department's canned fish inspection Liboratory in Vancouver. ed not necessary until new production became available around mid-August. Light salted production was down somewhat when compared with that of 1958, with the majority of fishermen preferring to heavy salt, mainly because of the ready outlet tal for this product. Considerable quantities of saltbulk fish requiring inspection were .B. shipped both from Labrador and Newfoundland proper, chiefly to Portugal and Italy. Although the quality showed some improvement, the warm weather experi- )r). enced during the summer months presented a problem. "Pink- bacteria became ir prevalent in some areas, and preventive and corrective measures had to be taken. A large quantity of sunburnt fish also resulted from the very hot weather. Despite these drawbacks, however, there were only a few complaints from the markets. European and other buyers were generally pleased with the quality. The exclusive right of export for salted fish held by the Newfoundland Asso- ciated Fish Exporters Limited was withdrawn July 31, 1959, and the Exportation of Salted Fish Permits Act (No. 10) 1942, was repealed at the same time. A total of 2138 salted fish inspections were carried out, covering 164,581 ing quintals of light salted fish and 20,945 quintals of heavy salted. ied The services of qualified inspection officers were provided for fresh and frozen :gu- fish filleting and freezing plants to ensure quality production. [on. An important development in Newfoundland, as in other Areas, was the ver voluntary adoption of inspection under the C.G.S.B. Specification. was 39 In order to ensure satisfactory water supplies for use in filleting and freezing plants, arrangements were made to carry out joint water surveys by- qualified officials of the Inspection Branch and the Public Health Engineering Division of the Department of National Health and Welfare. Training courses were conducted for all inspection personnel in the New- foundland Area during the year, and the educational programme for fishermen was continued. The latter course is conducted mainly for the encouragement of producing a good quality product. Inspection Officers visited fish producing areas and held "on-the-spot" discussions on methods of operation. The production of pickled herring was not of any consequence during 1959, due to a scarcity of the species. Pickled turbot output compared favourably with that of other years and a good quality product was exported. One hundred and eighty-five herring packing licences were issued, as compared with 180 for 1958. Approximately 5000 samples of fish products were received at the Fish In- spection Laboratory for analysis during the year. They were from different sources, the four main ones being the federal Department of Fisheries, commercial firms, the provincial Government and the Depaitinent of National Health and Welfare. Members of the laboratory staff carried out more extensive testing than in previous years; for example, over 700 samples from filleting plants were cooked and examined organoleptically, as well as chemically, in addition to routine bacteriological examination. The Service's floating laboratory, the M/V Belle Bay, visited all fish freezing plants on the south and southeast coasts at least once and checked processing operations for total bacteria and bacteria indicating pollution. Remedial measures were taken where necessary. The Belle Bay was also used in water surveys. The laboratory conducted the usual by-product analyses and sampled and analysed all fishery salt cargoes entering the province. Technical assistance was provided for the industry, both through laboratory and field service work. In addition, the staff assisted in training programmes for Fishery Officers. Central Area The number of whitefish inspections of fish from the Central Area, made under the Whitefish Export Inspection Regulations, continued to increase during 1959, as it has for the past five years. A total of 17,540 shipments, of 20,729,000 pounds was inspected. The chief reason for the increase was the high production in Manitoba during the summer months. The voluntary inspection of other species of fish, made at the request of the industry, resulted in 5010 inspections, involving 6,958,755 pounds of pike, pickerel; and other varieties. lake trout, tullibee As the Department assumes increasing responsibility for the quality of fish, and the trade and public become aware of the service available, producers are requesting more inspections to give their product better status.

40 Annual samplings of imported canned fish have increased steadily during the past five years; in 1959 there were 3121 such samplings in the Central Area, excluding those of shipments imported through Montreal, involving 465,811 cases. Canned fish, coming from many countries where standards may not be as high as those of Canada, are frequently rejected for various reasons in order to afford effective protection for the consumer. Importations of fresh, frozen and processed fishery products are also inspected, a total of 1914 inspections involving 5,518,000 pounds having been made during the year. The inspection staff of the Central Area made surveys of plants in connection with the new C.G.S.B. standards and the Toronto and Winnipeg laboratories reported, when required, on products conforming with the C.G.S.B. Specification. a Assistance was also provided by laboratory personnel at the Fishery Training Course given during the year at South Bay Mouth, Ont., through the kindness of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests. Quebec A.rea Prior to 1959, the inspection of fish for export was carried out in Quebec by the provincial Government, under the terms of agreements made in 1922 and 1943, • by which the federal Government delegated its administrative duties in this field. :n The adoption, on a voluntary basis, of a C.G.S.B. Specification for fishery products, :c1 and the increasing diversification of the industry resulted in a third agreement which restored the administration of inspection to the federal Government in 1959. This agreement resulted in the transfer of the provincial inspection service to the federal Department of Fisheries, since the latter was also empowered to administer the Quebec fish inspection regulations. es A Inspections during 1959 covered 30,861,405 pounds of fresh, frozen and salted fish; 341,119 cases of canned fish, and 28,800 gallons of cod and seal oils. A total ill of 675,534 pounds of whitefish was inspected for export to the United States, an average of 102.5 inspections being carried out each month. Several lots of canned rY and frozen fish were destroyed or returned to the shippers because of inferior Or quality or improper labelling. Consumer Branch There was an increase in the use of mass media, particularly television, in de the Branch's consumer work during 1959. Advances were also made in co-operation ng with the industry in promotional efforts. Further progress along these lines is planned, 00 as well as a continuation of the educational policy. on Two home economists were taken on staff in September as replacements, one for the Maritimes Area and one at headquarters. A bilingual home economist in he Ottawa was available when necessary for the province of Quebec. el, A comprehensive new cookbook, titled "The Canadian Fish Cookbook," was prepared in co-operation with the Information and Educational Service. Details sh. about this publication are outlined under the latter service. A supplement to the re Department's Quantity Recipe booklet was produced, and other existing booklets were reprinted as needed. About 100,000 booklets of all kinds were distributed free.

41 89633-2---4 Three hundred and fifteen demonstrations, 49 radio talks, 13 illustrated lectures and 27 television shows were given by members of the staff. Demonstra.tions were given to such groups as high school home economics students, university s-tudents, teachers, women's groups, hospital and restaurant cooks and 4-H Club members. A number of radio announcements were recorded for use during Fish 'n' Seafood Week. The co-operation of the fishing industry was enlisted successfully in pro- moting use of these spot announcements. Six of the radio talks given by the home economist in British Columbia were used on the CBC'S national programme "For Consumers'''. Other talks were broadcast on regional CBC programmes, "Food Facts" in particular. Workshops were conducted for home economics teachers and cooks of small hospitals. This approach has proved successful and will be used more extensively in the future. Co-operation with the industry included retail store demonstrations and displays as well as advice and work on recipes to go on labels for individual companies. A series of public cooking demonstrations was organized in southern Saskatchewan. There is an increasing demand from secondary schools for showings of the Department's filmstrips and a new one, "How to Buy Fish," was prepared in co- operation with the Information and Educational Service for use in classroom and other group meetings. Five special fish luncheons were given at the test kitchen in Ottawa for promotional purposes, and at a special luncheon for the Queen in British Columbia during the Royal Tour, the Department's home economists had charge of the sea- foods featured on the menu. Assistance also was given in catering for special events such as the opening of the new Vancouver Technological Station of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Tested recipes for use in newspaper, radio and television releases written by the Information Service were produced by the Ottawa test kitchen, and food photographs were taken there for use in connection with the releases and for filmstrips. Large-quantity recipes were tested for institutional use, and a basic experimental programme on fish cookery was continued. Two new kitchens were completed, one in Vancouver and one in Edmonton, and plans were made for a new test kitchen in Ottawa, to include facilities for both small and large scale testing. Other test kitchens are in Vancouver, Winnipeg and Halifax. The Consumer Branch participated in the following conventions and exhibitions during the year: The Canadian Restaurant Convention; the Canadian Dietetic Association Convention; the Hotel and Restaurant Suppliers' Show; the Nova Scotia Fisheries Exhibition; the Lobster Carnival at Summerside, P.E.I.; the Newfoundland Agricultural and Home Crafts Exhibition at St. John's; an Open House at the University of Toronto; the Retail Merchants' Association Convention; the Western Suppliers' Exhibition and the Canadian Institute of Food Technologists' Convention.

42 ECONOMICS SERVICE HE WORK of this Service during 1959 continued to be restricted by staff Tshortages, particularly at headquarters and in the Newfoundland Area. The Assistant Director and a senior economist, seconded to the Royal Commission on Price Spreads of Food Products over a period of two years, returned to duty with the Service at the end of 1959. This made it possible to proceed with plans for a study of the economy of the Canadian freshwater fisheries, requested some- time previously by the international Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Reports on two research projects undertaken earlier were published during the year: one on costs-and-earnings in assisted fishing enterprises in the Atlantic provinces and one on the costing of mechanized fish-curing operations. The study of the fisheries of Passamaquoddy Bay, referred to in last year's annual report, was completed in the fall of 1959 and a report, analyzing the implications for these fisheries of the proposed tidal-power development in the district, was submitted to the International Joint Commission. Field work for the investigation of the salmon and halibut fisheries of the Pacific coast, under the direction of a consultant from the University of Manitoba, was also completed in 1959. A report of findings, relating to the possibility of controlling investment and employment in these fisheries, was being prepared at the end of the year. Two other projects had to be deferred for the time being. These were a) an investigation of the financial position of enterprises engaged in deep-sea dragger fishing and b) a study of the economic aspects of the regulatory problem in the lobster fishery of the Atlantic coast. In preparation for the latter project, data d for a registry of fishing enterprises in the Maritime provinces were collected in 1959. It is expected that analysis of these data will throw light on such questions as the interdependence among the several fisheries of the region, and between fishing and other sectors of the economy, and thus permit accurate sampling for detailed case studies. h As indicated in earlier reports, considerable progress has been made in recent d years in the improvement of statistical services for the Canadian fisheries. These services in the Maritimes Area having been brought to a reasonably satisfactory stage of development, attention in 1959 was directed to the Pacific Area where expanding requirements had begun to put a strain on staff and equipment. Assess- ment of the situation by a team representing the Economics Service and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics resulted in a decision to install punch-card tabulating equip- • ; ment at the earliest possible date, to provide for the compilation of statistical information In on the British Columbia fisheries in the detail and with the speed that of appears imminently necessary. A good deal of work remains to be done in this field in the Atlantic provinces, especially in the co-ordination of services for Quebec and Newfoundland with those of the Maritimes and in the reconciliation of the rather diverse needs of

43 89633-2-4-1 biological research, economic intelligence and administration. A meeting, representative of the several Services of the Department, the Fisheries Research Board and DBS, was convened at Halifax in the fall of 1959 for the discugsion of this and related matters. Meetings of this kind have been held each autumn in recent years, have proved to be very useful, and seem likely to become an annual event. The Department of Public Works has become one of the major users of fishery statistics and special provision for its needs is necessary. During the summer of 1959, a survey of the harbour requirements of the fishing industry along a selected section of the coast in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was carried out jointly by the Economics Service, the Department of Public Works and officials of the province of New Brunswick—the third such joint survey in the Atlantic region. In the field of statistical development, an international group sponsored by FAO, ICNAF and ICES met at Edinburgh in the fall of 1959 to consider the whole field of fishery statistics. This country was represented by senior officers of the Economics Service and the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Substantial progress was made toward the clarification of concepts and the co.ordination of reporting by national agencies to the bodies mentioned. The results of the conference are being followed up by a committee on which Canada is also represented. Certain miscellaneous activities of the Service, including various liaison duties with other federal government departments, with provincial administrations and with the fishing industry and trade, have been referred to in previous annual reports and although they account for a very large share of staff time, do not merit detailed description in the space available here. INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICE HE FUNCTIQN of the Information and Educational Service, stated in very Tgeneral terms, is to assist in furthering Canadian fisheries progress by increasing knowledge and interest in this primary industry, in the responsibilities and activities of the Department in administering the fisheries, in trends in fisheries technology and development, and in programmes designed to promote proper conservation practices and increased consumption of Canadian fish products. To fulfil these objectives, the Service through its hea.dquarters unit in Ottawa and Information Officers stationed at Vancouver, B.C., Halifax, N.S., and St. John's, Nfld., main commercial coastal fishing centres, utilizes all appropriate news media. The many revolutionary changes introduced to the operation of the fishing industry in recent years have resulted in a greater public awareness of this primary industry, and accordingly thè Information and Educational Service, by the dissemination of information has been able to draw these developments to the attention of a large segment of the Canadian public. Coupled with this information on accomplishments of scientists and those concerned with fisheries management in modern- izing and improving the efficiency of the fishing industry and perpetuating fish stocks, the Service maintains a steady flow of material which is designed to impress upon Canadians the value of the fisheries to our economy and of the nutritional value of fish products. Each year numerous requests for information on the fishing industry are handled through the offices both in Ottawa and in the field. These inquiries come mainly from those interested in education and from the fishing industry, but there are also a great many individual requests. In 1959, the Ottawa office alone handled over 2,200 individual requests for information on all aspects of the fisheries. In order to keep the public informed on the latest developments in the fishing industry, the Service maintains a steady flow of information on a wide range of fisheries topics of regional, national and international interest. This involves the preparation of informational sheets, pamphlets, booklets, films, and filmstrips, as well as releases and articles especially prepared for newspapers, various trade and other magazines, radio and television. Information Officers, one with home economics training, work closely with the Inspection and Consumer Service in the preparation of food releases for the press, radio and television. In this connection, a monthly press release is distributed in French and English to food editors who have requested the service. Editors who have asked for illustrative material receive glossy prints or mats of fish dishes along with the press release. This release is sent regularly to 59 daily newspapers and 131 weekly papers. Fish recipes on a particular theme, food photographs, and feature articles are also supplied on request to newspaper and magazine food editors. A series of scripts of consumer interest is supplied in

45 English and French to radio and TV food commentators. These are distributed, on request, to 111 radio and TV stations. For "Fish 'n' Seafood Week" sets of matte finish food photographs with accompanying spot announcements on a featured recipe booklet were supplied to 33 TV stations. One of the year's most popular government publications on food was produced in 1959 by the Information and Educational Service in co-operation with the Department's home economists. The Department's "Canadian Fish Cook Book" is the most comprehensive cook book of its kind, and as the first run of 10,000 English copies and 3,000 French copies was quickly sold, a second printing was made to meet the demands. The fish cookbook sells for $1.00 a copy through the Queen's Printer, Ottawa. The Department's monthly magazine, "Trade News", which carries infor- mative articles on the Canadian fishing industry, as well as describing the Depart- ment's operations and policies, entered its llth year of publication in 1959. The first issue appeared in July, 1948, and as it has now completed a decade of uninter- rupted publication, this is possibly an opportune time to review the history of the magazine as well as noting several recent developments. Prior to its inception, Department officials concerned with information work felt that there was a definite need for a publication which would expedite the dissemination of information on various fisheries topics which were of most vital interest to Departmental officials, fishermen, and industry personnel. To meet this end, a monthly magazine which would contain feature length articles on the fisheries and sections on current fisheries news, both Canadian and foreign, was envisioned. This goal was realized with the publication of the first edition of "Trade News" in 1948. Feature length articles are contributed by Information Officers both at headquarters and in the field as well as by other departmental and Research Board officials who prepare articles on specialized topics from time to time. The great majority of photographs which illustrate "Trade News" articles are provided by our own Information Officers, and throughout the years these have covered the fishing operations from Newfoundland - to British Columbia. "Trade News" is distributed on request only and goes to individuals, groups and institutions not only throughout Canada but in many parts of the world. Articles appearing in it are frequently printed in full by other magazines and news media; in addition, many writers use the material as a basis for features concerning the fisheries. The circulation of "Trade News" has shown a steady increa.se and in the year under review was in excess of 3,500. The Service is also responsible for the publication of another magazine, "The Canadian Fish Culturist". Canadian scientists in the fish culture and related fields contribute papers for inclusion in this magazine, which is issued periodically to interested persons and organizations in Canada and other countries. The Information Service is customarily called upon to prepare a great number of articles on the fisheries for trade and other magazines. Once again last year, the Service wrote the fisheries chapter of both the Canada Year Book and the Canada Hand Book, provided a year-end review of the fisheries for the Financial Times 46 e4stemg Irmo 1111 e. In re rra;ra 111-- fif IUT 11 1:0CrAIIII3GRAPHIE ILN.( Ca et..1.-ta /

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and the Monetary Times, as well as preparing articles of both national and regional Ls interest for various trade magazines. In this connection, the Service also carries out liaison work with other Government Departments, supplying background information on the fisheries for dissemination through their publications. :r During the past year, the Service continued to work closely with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and private broadcasting stations. The Radio Information la Officer made numerous taped interviews with Departmental and Fisheries Research Board officials for the CBC's -Fishermen's Broadcast'', which is aired over stations

47 in the Newfoundland, Maritimes, and Pacific areas. Tapes were also made for use by independent radio stations. As a result of this, a wide range of fisheries topics was brought to the attention of many Canadians through the medium of radio. Taking advantage of the visual appeal of television, the Service also arranged for home economists both in Ottawa and in the field to show the viewing audience attractive ways to prepare fish dishes. The educational duties of the Service consist of the preparation and distribution of pamphlets on the fisheries, the preparation and screening of films and filmstrips, and the designing of displays for fisheries exhibitions. "Fisheries Fact Sheets- are the most widely distributed of the informational material, providing background information on fish and fishing and many other related topics. There is a heavy demand for these pamphlets from school teachers and organizers of adult study groups each year. Although primarily designed for these groups, fact sheets have proved to be popular with many others who are anxious to increase their knowledge of the fishing industry. Last year, a start was made on revising those "Fact Sheets" which had become dated, as well as the preparation of additional fact sheets on subjects which had not been covered in the past. As in previous years, the Department provided an exhibit for the Nova Scotia Fisheries Exhibition and Fishermen's Reunion, held in Lunenberg, N.S. The display consisted of scale models of fishing boats used in the various Canadian fishing regions. In the Pacific area, the Department participated in one major fisheries exhibition during the year. In Kitimat, British Columbia, with the co-operation of the Nanaimo Biological Station of the Fisheries Research Board, the Service prepared an exhibit for the Convention of Associated Boards of Trade. As in other years, the Information and Educational Service did public relations work for the annual meeting of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada and for various national and international fisheries commissions meeting in Canada, and also made press and broadcasting arrangements for these meetings, as well as under- taking other information functions at various "Open House" programmes conducted at the Board's biological and technological stations. The work of the Information Service in the field extends and supplements that carried on at headquarters; however, because of the diversified nature of the fisheries in the various areas and the problems peculiar to each the framework of operations has of necessity to be sufficiently flexible to deal with local situations. The fact that they come into close contact with the commercial fishing force provides the Area Chiefs, Information Service, with an opportunity to carry out educational work among the fishermen, as well as other interested groups, on a personal level through meetings and group discussions. An example of this was the programme of meetings held in the Maritimes Area with fishermen during the year which had as its theme conservation of the fishery resources, especially the lobster stocks. Emphasis was placed on the long range advantages which would accrue to the fishermen by following proven conservation procedures. The importance of visual aids cannot be too highly stressed in this work; for instance in the Depart- ment's Lobster conservation work, such items as the feature length film, "Lobsters Are A Coramunity Affair", and the film strips, "Lobsters Are A Crop'', "Why

48 The Lobster Catch Varies" and "How Lobsters Grow'', were used to good advantage. Information Officers in the field maintain close liaison with the various news media of their areas, and as a result fishermen, the industry and the general public were informed of developments concerned with the fisheries in their particular locations. The Information Officer in Vancouver, with the co-operation of the Economics and Protection Branches, issued a sport fishing bulletin throughout the season. The Halifax officer provided a weekly review of the fisheries for the CBC's "Fishermen's Broadcasts", the Halifax daily newspapers, and local radio stations. The Newfoundland Information Officer carried out similar duties, and was the Department's representative on a committee organized by officials of the provincial Department of Education to guide the 4-H Clubs of the province in special projects dealing with the catching and processing of cod and lobsters.

49 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT SERVICE

HE ACTIVITIES of the Department's Industrial Development Service are Tprimarily related to the modernization of the fishing industry, and the year under review saw a considerable expansion and diversification in its operations to this end. Considerable effort was directed to the establishment of effective working relationships with the fishing industry, ancillary manufacturing industries, and

A bag of smelts cotnes aboard during a mid-water trawl experiment an Lake Erie. provincial fisheries administrations in the pursuit of common objectives. Indeed, the progress made in the creating of these co-operative working arrangements cari as one of the more important accomplishments of the year. be looked upon Technical personnel were assigned to the Service during the year, providing for the setting up of an Engineering Section and a Vessel and Gear Section. The activities of the Service were further extended by the hiring, on a cor , basis, of "high liner" fishermen to demonstrate the use of specific types cf tractual

50 catching gear in areas where it was indicated that handling and operational techniques could be improved. Experience to date suggests that this approach to the introduction and demonstration of new and improved fishing methods in selected areas is an effective instrument contributing to the welfare of the primary producer. Development and demonstration work was undertaken in respect of mid- water trawling, gill netting, Danish seining, and lobster traps. The development of fishing gear and techniques for the effective year-round harvesting of smelt in the Great Lakes was undertaken on Lake Erie in association with the Ontario fisheries administration. A fishing boat was chartered and equipped with electronic equipment and raid-water trawling gear, and the necessary technical specialists were made available for the project. The service continued to play an active role in the work of the Federal-Pro- vincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee, specifically in the field of fishing vessel design and the development and demonstration of catching gear and related equipment. The operations of the Department's Fish Processing Experimental Plant in Valleyfield, Newfoundland, continued to be directed largely to problems associated with the salt fish industry; projects included the development of a salt fish block, de-salting operations, brine curing, artificial drying techniques, bulk and consumer packaging, the production of stock fish, the design of an improved table for use in the splitting of fish, and the introduction of a machine for splitting fish. The efficient production of salt cod blocks represented the major developmental activity at Valleyfield. New and improved equipment and techniques were used to reduce labour costs and to improve the quality. Some preliminary work was carried out, in association with packaging companies, to select appropriate packaging materials and in the design of master cartons. During the course of the year, fairly substantial quantities of the new product were shipped to various parts of the world with considerable interest shown by importing countries. The service also carried out a number of administrative functions concerning fisheries development activity, induding matters relating to public works projects, marine aids to navigation and departmental programmes concerned with assistance in the construction of fishing vessels of the dragger and longliner types and frozen bait storage facilities. The Service continued to have administrative responsibilities in connection with the programme for the development of community fishing stages in Newfoundland.

51 FISHERMEN'S INDEMNITY PLAN PERATIONS under the Fishermen's Indemnity Plan continued to expand O during 1959. The Plan, which provides, on a voluntary basis, low cost insurance to fishermen covering their fishing vessels and lobster traps was established by Order in Council in 1953. To secure protection under the Plan fishermen must have their vessels appraised by an official of the Department and must pay a nominal premium of one per cent of the appraised value per annum. Lobster fishermen in the Atlantic coast provinces may also secure partial insurance coverage on their lobster traps during the lobster fishing season by paying a nominal premium based on the number of traps used during the season. The Plan, as it applies to fishing vessels, is available to all coastal fishermen owning and operating fishing vessels valued at from $250 to $10,000. The indemnity payable in the event of total loss is limited to 60 per cent of the appraised value in the Atlantic coast provinces but in British Columbia where the loss experience has been much less severe the rate of indemnity has been increased to 70 per cent of the appraised value. Although essentially designed to assist fishermen who suffer total loss of their fishing vessels and therefore their means of earning a livelihood, the Plan does provide for payment of that part of the cost of repairing a partial loss which exceeds 30 per cent of the appraised value of the vessel on the Atlantic coast. On the Pacific coast, that part of the repair costs which exceeds 15 per cent of the appraised value is paid. TABLE-FISHERMEN'S INDEMNITY PLAN NET PREMIUMS COLLECTED AND INDEMNITIES PAID FROM INCEPTION OF PLAN (JULY 1953) TO DECEMBER 31, 1959

Vessels Lobster Traps Province Net Net Premiums Indmnnity Premiums Indemnity

Nemdbundhnd 79,109 151,425 12,497 52,571

bkmaScotia 96,988 120,065 83,450 271,359 Nem7Brunstvick 28,718 26,884 627 1,070 PrinwEdvmddIeand 12,431 7,676 12,366 41,379 Maritimes 138,137 154,625 96,443 313,808 Quebec 21,041 53,489 10,075 20,426

Atlantic Coast 238,287 359,539 119,015 386,805 British Columbia 375,786 317,764 TOTAL 614,073 677,303 119,015 386,805

52 At the end of December 1959 a total of 5,278 vessels were insured under the Plan for a total appraised value of $15,949,150. This total represents an increase of 206 vessels valued at $1,720,575 over the corresponding figure a year previously. Most of the increased business occurred in British Columbia where the Plan has proved extremely popular. Since the inception of the Plan in July 1953 a total of 739 claims have been settled for a total of $677,303. During 1959 new claims amounted to 169 for a value of $204,723. Fire and storm continue to be the most frequent cause of loss or damage. The heaviest concentration of losses in 1959 occurred in Northumberland Strait where a sudden storm caught the New Brunswick fishing fleet before it was able to reach shore. This storm resulted in loss of life to 35 fishermen as well as inflicting widespread destruction of vessels and gear.

53 FISHERIES PRICES SUPPORT BOARD

TABLE prices throughout 1959 together with some increases in overall quantities S of fish landed resulted in higher total returns to fishermen in all five Atlantic coast provinces as compared with 1958. In British Columbia, on the other hand, a sharp reduction in landings of sockeye salmon as compared to the exceptionally high cycle year of 1958 was mainly responsible for an overall decline of $17.1 millions in the value of fish landed in that province. However, the 1959 total was only slightly below the five-year average figure. For the most part income to fishermen in the inland freshwater fisheries was well maintained in 1959. As a result of all these circumstances, no direct price support action under the Fisheries Prices Support Act was necessary during 1959. Under the programme recommended by the Board and approved by the Government in 1958 most of the 20 community fish processing establishments being built in Newfoundland were completed during 1959. This programme not only provided the fishermen with local employment in the construction of the 'stages' but has provided convenient and sanitary facilities for the local curing of fish. The programme has been confined to those isolated areas of Newfoundland which suffered abnormal catch failure in 1958. The domestic and export markets for fish were generally strong during the early months of 1959. However, increased inventories, particularly of frozen fish, resulted in some price weakness later in the year. Markets for salted and canned fish remained generally satisfactory throughout the year. The staff of the Board continued to administer the Fisheries Salt Assistance Programme and the headquarters' activities of the Fishermen's Indemnity Plan. Under the Salt Assistance Programme fishermen and other fish processors using salt for the curing of fish receive a rebate of 50 percent on their laid down cost of salt. On the basis of 1959 production of these items, payments were made to 6,061 fishermen totalling $476,541. Payments were also made to 314 processors amounting to $187,428. Total payments were $663,969. The Board continued to cooperate with the Economics Service of the Depart, in the collection and analysis of costs of fishing operations in the Atlantic ment coast provinces. Officers and members of the Board are: Chairman, Mr. I. S. McArthur, Ottawa; Vice-Chairman, Mr. W. S. Lee, Halifax; N.S.; Members: Mr. C. E. Desourdy, Montreal, P.Q.; Mr. K. F. Harding, Prince Rupert, B.C.; Mr. H. I. Mifflin, Catalina, Nfld.; Mr. Francis Millerd, Vancouver, B.C.; Executive Director, Mr. H. C. L. Ransom, Ottawa.

54 FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA HE FISHERIES Research Board of Canada is an advisory, consultative and Tadministrative body provided for by Act of Parliament. Often referred to as the scientific arm of the federal fisheries administration, it operates under the control of the Minister of Fisheries and has charge of most of the Canadian Govern- ment research on fishes and other aquatic animals, their behaviour, the biology of their stocks, equipment needed for capturing them, methods and equipment for processing them, methods for their preservation and control of quality, and development of by-products from waste material obtained in processing. As pointed out in last year's annual report, the Fisheries Research Board Act provides for "a chairman and not more than eighteen other members", the majority of whom must be scientists. In 1959, in addition to the full-time chairman, the Board consisted of nine scientists, spècialists in the various branches of biology, chemistry, engineering and mathematics, and of industry members who are leading business men with intimate knowledge of fishing and the fishing industry. Representation from the Department of Fisheries is at the highest level. Consequently the Board may remain sensitive and responsive to the needs of the industry and the Depart- ment of Fisheries, while its scientific planning and performance can be maintained at a high professional level. The Board as a whole meets in Ottawa with its station directors and project chiefs in January of each year. At this time general scientific programmes as carried out at various locations across Canada are reviewed and general Board policy developed. Detailed programme reviews are carried out by regional Advisory Committees. These committees, which meet twice during the year, not only review existing research programmes but recommend new studies when needed and ter- mination of those that have now assumed low priority. They also recommend programme improvement, advise on priorities and report to the Board on investigations and on the adequacy of physical facilities and quality of staff. The Board's administrative matters are handled by the Executive Committee. This Committee met three times during the year to consider personnel and financial matters and to initiate action on recommendations of Advisory Committees that have been approved by the Board. As prescribed by the Act "the Board has charge of all Dominion fishery research stations in Canada, and has the conduct and control of investigations of practical and economic problems connected with marine and fresh water fisheries, flora and fauna and such other work as may be assigned to it by the Minister". Thus the broad objective of the Board is to increase the scope and value of the Canadian fisheries through scientific research.

55 The Board's scientific interests lie in three broad scientific fields; general aquatic biology with emphasis on fishery biology, oceanography, and fishery technology. Although demands for research in some areas continued to outstrip capacity to perform, satisfactory progress was made in all branches under study during the year. The Board's 177-foot trawler-type research vessel A. T. Cameron, commis- sioned in October 1958, satisfactorily completed its first full year of operation. It served two of the Board's principal biological stations on the Atlantic coast and spent 191 days at sea from January 9 to December 1, 1959. It is proving to be an indispensable tool for high seas fishery investigations and greatly extends the range of effective operation. A new laboratory was completed in Vancouver, B.C., during the year as was an extensive new wing on the biological laboratory in St. Andrews, N.B. Both buildings were officially opened by the Minister of Fisheries, the Hon. J. Angus MacLean. A new 36-foot vessel, Salvelinus, for researches in the western Arctic, was completed during the year and delivered to the mouth of the Mackenzie River in readiness for the next field season. In addition to its regular research duties the Fisheries Research Board continues to carry primary research responsibilities for many of the international fishery and sea mammal commissions described elsewhere in this report. Researches which took more than three years to complete under the International Passamaquoddy Fisheries Board for the International Joint Commission were reported upon during the year. Co-operative oceanographic programmes were again carried out with the Royal Canadian Navy, the Department of Transport, the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, and close liaison was maintained with the University of British Columbia Institute of Oceanography and Dalhousie University Institute of Oceanography. The latter was undergoing initial organiza.tion during the year. Assistance has been received from a number of Canadian universities and research foundations in carrying out special projects and in providing technical advice. Co-operative programmes have been successfully carried out with provincial governments and extensive co-operative field studies on pink salmon were carried out with the State of Washington and the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. A number of industrial development projects have been continued with the De- partment of Fisheries and the National Research Council has again given much appreciated administrative assistance in managing Board sponsored post-graduate scholarships. Biological Investigations The Board's principal biological stations are situated at St. John's, Newfound- land, St. Andrews, N.B., London, Ont., and Nanaimo, B.C. In the interest of economy and efficient operation these stations often maintain port observers and field stations in distant areas. Atlantic Fisheries In Atlantic waters the co-operative investigations and requirements of the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries occupy much of the Board's effort, both at St. John's and St. Andrews. The Board's data, combined

56 New experimental laboratory (right, centre) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada on the grounds of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. with contributions by 11 other nations to the statistics and sampling of stocks in international waters, now make it possible to know details of occurrence and apparent abundance of cod and other species, in a way that was never possible formerly. Further collaboration, and improvement of these statistics, was arranged at a meeting in Bergen early in 1960. The principal tangible result of international co-operation so far has been agreement on larger mesh sizes for some kinds of fishing in some areas, which have greatly reduced the wastage of fish caught and discarded at sea. As international fishing pressure builds up, it becomes more important to learn the most effective mesh size from the point of view of getting the greatest harvest from each brood at the prevailing level of fishing. As a preliminary, much effort is being devoted to identifying the different stocks of cod, haddock, redfish, etc., to learning their movements and whereabouts at all seasons, and to computing an accurate growth rate for each. Present knowledge in respect to redfish, on both sides of the Atlantic, was reviewed thoroughly at a meeting in 1959 at which two Fisheries Research Board scientists presented the Canadian contributions. Groundfish landings in Newfoundland in 1959 were about average for recent years: increases in American plaice landings have largely compensated for decrease in redfish and haddock, while cod rose again to the 1952-57 level.

57 Exploration for new groundfish stocks were carried into the Arctic during 1959, when the A. T. Cameron fished from off the middle Labrador-coast to northern Davis Strait. Supplies of Greenland halibut were found in northern waters, but no commercial quantities of redfish or of other species commonly taken farther south. The most abundant species of any size was the round-nosed grenadier; this might some day become marketable. Redfish• taken off Baffin Island and in Ungava Bay were mostly small, and appeared to have been carried there from Greenland waters when they were young. In 1959 detailed reports were prepared concerning the various studies of herring made in the "Quoddy" region of the Bay of Fundy, as these bear on the effects of a proposed tidal power development. These studies revealed that, on the whole, such a development would probably not greatly affect the herring industry in that area, though some weir sites inside the bay might sufFer. Very large bodies of herring located by echo sounder in open waters of the Quoddy region suggest that the stock as a whole is not at all heavily utilized. Other species would be variously affected by the proposed dams. The pollock and haddock fisheries are likely to dis- appear, while winter flounder landings should increase. Lobster production would likely increase, but valuable holding facilities would be destroyed. To maintain the salmon stocks of the rivers inside Passamaquoddy Bay expensive fishways would be required. In 1959 the oyster industry of New Brunswick made further progress toward recovery from a disastrous epidemic, thanks to importation of disease-resistant stock from Prince Edward Island. A new oyster harvester proved successful in many trials, and a possible new source of "bedding" oysters was studied. Scallop dragging off Digby has followed the downward course predicted from water temperatures of a few years past, but landings from Georges Bank have increased tremendously, so that the total is an all-time high. Studies on lobsters continue to give information on the survival of young at different stages and on stock changes accompanying alterations in fishing regulations, Natural mortalities over an 11-month period were determined at 12 per cent by a new method combining tagging and marketing experiments. Factors related to fishery practices of holding lobsters in air were studied and demonstrated that wind shortens time of survival and that fasting lobsters survive better than those that are fed. A part of the time and money available for Atlantic salmon research has had to be diverted to assessing the effects of DDT on the nursery rivers. Use of a lighter dose showed promise of much reduced fish mortality if adopted in future campaigns for budworm control. Liberation of hatchery-reared smolts at various times of year showed that a good percentage migration is obtained if the fish are liberated between May 15 and June 15, but not later on. These fish readily adapted themselves to salt water. All in all, Canadian Atlantic salmon runs were fairly good in 1959, but in New Brunswick the angling catch on the southwest Miramichi River was poor—largely because of previous DDT applications over much of that watershed. The Northwest Miramichi, after two poor years, had recovered from an earlier DDT treatment and the run was above average. At the Little Codroy River experi-

58 ment in Newfoundland, returns of marked salmon to the river and from the fishery indicate a minimum rate of commercial capture of 74 per cent in 1958 and 85 per cent in 1959, for salmon larger than grilse. Utilization of grilse cannot be estimated exactly, but it is probably more variable. In trout studies, low weirs and deflectors in a Prince Edward Island stream improved its carrying capacity for trout. Rainbow trout were found less susceptible to capture by bait fishing than native trout in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, but were more readily taken by fly fishing. During the winter of 1958-59 good survival of a small number of pink salmon eggs was observed in the North Harbour River of Newfoundland. In the autumn of 1959 a transfer of eggs on a "pilot-plant" scale was made. A quarter million eggs were collected with the co-operation of the Fish Culture Development Service of the Department from the Indian River not far from Vancouver, B.C. These were planted in prepared gravel beds, survived well, and went to sea early in 1960. Returns are expected in 1961. Pacific Fisheries On the Pacific coast, further progress was made during 1959 toward meeting the objectives of the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission. Two vessels continued exploration for salmon on the high seas. All species were again found widely dispersed, and they were taken in nets set as deep as 200 feet. As indicated by the presence of specific parasites, sockeye from Bristol Bay were found as far west as Longitude 168°E, and sockeye of Asian origin were identified as far east as Longitude 175°W. A tag from the Japanese fishing area (west of 175°W) was taken in 1959 from a sockeye far up the Skeena River, but evidence to date from scale patterns, etc., indicates that British Columbia sockeye and chum salmon only rarely wander so far afield. The Commission continues its scrutiny of the qualifications of North American stocks of halibut, herring and salmon for abstention by Japan and (in Bristol Bay) by Canada, and the preparation of necessary submissions and critiques has required much effort by Board scientists. On the Skeena River, the management programme put an adequate body of sockeye spawners on most redds. Increased runs to the main part of Babine Lake are particularly promising, as that area has unutilized food potential to produce additional smolts. Pink salmon spawning was good on the Skeena, though there had been a poor survival for the year-class at sea. Pink salmon in the southern part of British Columbia were given special study in 1959, in co-operation with the Inter- national Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission and the Washington State Department of Fisheries. Returns of tags by the fishery suggest an overall level of utilization of about 70 per cent. The quantitative contributions to Fraser River and Strait of Georgia stocks from fish entering round each of the ends of Vancouver Island are estimated from spawning ground recoveries and local stock estimates. Study of the physiology and behaviour of salmon were stepped up in 1959 with the completion of new facilities at Nanairno and in the field. Effort is being

59 Herring reduction pilot plant, used for comparison of enzyme and acidulation processes in the production of herring solubles.

concentrated on studying the normal sequence of changes in growth and maturation, so that effects of artificial stresses can be recognized and measured. Herring studies were continued in order to assess the usefulness of present catch quotas and fishing seasons. The 1958-59 catch was large, and fishing success was high during the following season for as long as fishing lasted—the large 1956 year-class being a heavy contributor in both years. Studies of grey cod by tagging were continued, and a long-term analysis of the brill or petrale sole fishery was brought close to completion. Prospecting for shrimps was resumed, confirming earlier promising showings in several inlets, and commercial operations have started in some. Fur seals were again sampled to meet the require, of the Interim Convention on Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals, and ments their feeding habits were studied. Studies of pollution and potential pollution occupied several scientists, particularly in relation to oysters subjected to dilute pulp mill effluent, and effects of DDT on young salmon.

Inland Fisheries Again in 1959 the major effort of the Board's Biological Station at London was devoted to the experimental control of lampreys in Lake Superior. Nineteen electrical stream barriers were operated in 1959. There was a minor decrease in number of

60 lampreys obtained in the Sault Ste. Marie region, but the lamprey is still spreading westward. Eight -streams were treated with lampricide for quick removal of accu- mulated stocks cf young lampreys. A search by divers for young lampreys in Lake Superior revealed considerable numbers within a few miles of stream mouths. Data on the lake trout fisheries and stocks of Lake Superior were obtained. The usual complete information obtained on Great Slave Lake indicated that an approximately steady level of catch per net and of size of fish taken has been achieved. Arctic Fisheries Greatest effort in 1959 was put into a survey of 20 lakes in the Barren Grounds of eastern Mackenzie and Keewatin. Whitefish and lake trout were the dominant species in all localities, followed by round whitefish, pike, grayling and burbot. No inconnu were found and arctic char were confined almost to waters close to the sea. Best growth was observed in lakes between Great Slave and Great Bear; and these should be able to produce about four pounds of fish per acre annually under utilization. Slower growth was observed in some more southern lakes. In arctic marine waters, it was observed that ice disappeared from southern James Bay about the middle of June in 1959, but persisted a month longer in the northern half. Plankton crops were lower than in Hudson Bay, but larger than in Foxe Basin. Smallest quantities, in the Arctic, were found in the vicinity of Ice Island T3. Walrus studies were continued at widely separate stations from Ellesmere Island to the Belcher Islands; large, old individuals were found everywhere, indicating only a moderate degree of utilization by Eskimos. Off the Atlantic coast the food of pilot whales was studied further, in relation to their disappearance in times of squid scarcity. Each of these animais consumes about 11 tons of food a year, apparently nearly all squid. In the Maritimes, the hair seal bounty now produces about 250 individuals a year (older than pups), and seals older than ages 4-6 are scarce—indicating heavy rate of kill and rather low level of population. The harp seal kill off Newfoundland continues high, in relation to stock productivity, and this species urgently requires international agreement concerning kinds and numbers of animais to be killed if it is to survive as a major resource. Oceanographic Investigations

Oceanographic studies continued to be conducted by the Board's Atlantic Oceanographic Group at St. Andrews, N.B., and the Pacific Oceanographic Group operated from Nanaimo, B.C. In addition the Biological Stations and the Arctic Unit regularly collect oceanographic data which bear directly on their work. In the Atlantic area, seasonal oceanographic programmes are being focused on the offshore waters of the Scotian Shelf and north to the Labrador sea, including the coastal regions of Labrador and Greenland. Decrease of water temperatures continues in the northwest Atlantic, and there was a very cold layer at intermediate depth on the Scotian Shelf, carried over from the intense chilling of the winter of 1958-59. The Gulf of St. Lawrence differed from the rest of the region in exhibiting higher surface temperatures during the second half of 1959. In Northumberland

61 Strait this was associated with abnormally high salinity and absence of stratifi- cation, which may affect the survival or settling of the lobster larvae in that area. Five seasonal surveys off Newfoundland showed that the water on the Grand Bank is a mixture of cold water from the Labrador Current and warm water from the Gulf Stream throughout the entire year. The proportion of the two types at any given point mainly determines the temperature prevailing, which in turn affects the distribution and concentration of groundfish species. Analysis of the data concerning the Passamaquoddy region, and the Bay of Fundy generally, was completed in 1959 and assessed from the point of view of possible changes which might follow construction of dams there. Supplementary information was obtained in 1959 by additional releases of drift bottles. Special studies have been made of the water conditions which exist in the layer immediately in contact with the ocean bottom, which is where the most valuable commercial fishes spend most of their time. Studies of the bottom sedi- ments themselves have been made, particularly in arctic waters. In the Pacific the survey of the great north Pacific salmon-producing region was continued, in co-operation with Japan and the United States. During 1959 there was a decrease in the volume of water from the westwind drift which was carried northward into the Alaska gyral, so that by the end of the year the abnormal distribution observed in 1958 had disappeared. Near the weathership, details of the distribution of temperature and salinity have been monitored throughout the year. The ocean surface in that area is made up of -patches" of water differing in temperature by up to 5.4°F., which drift slowly past the ship. The deep water, below 1100 fathoms, also shows small differences in temperature, of the order of 1.8°F., but these are quite stable in their position. The study of tides and currents in Hecate Strait got under way with the assistance of the model of this area constructed at Nanaimo. The year 1959 was devoted mainly to calibration of the model with reference to known tidal input and temperature conditions. A special study of the details of production of organic matter and fish food in the ocean is nearing the end of its initiaL phase. Appropriate chemical and physical techniques of analysis have been adapted, and a complete review has been made of the data already available. In the open sea rather low concentrations of phytoplankters were observed, these being rapidly filtered out of the water by the feeding of the zooplankters. Technological Investigations

The Board's technological work on Atlantic coast fishery products continued mainly at the Technological Stations in Halifax, N.S., and Grande-Riviere on the Gaspe Peninsula, Que. Following transfer of most of the small staff of the Tech- nological Unit at St. John's, Nfld., to the Department of Fisheries, this Unit was in process of re-organization during 1959. An investigation comraenced in 1956 by the Technological Station at Halifax, to determine what effects seasonal variations in the physiological conditions and

62 habitat of cod and haddock might have on their quality as landed by the fishing vessels, was continued with the cooperation of the same eight commercial trawlers and the section of the processing industry that assisted in a previous survey. The results of this second 13-month survey, during which some additional types of observations were made, confirmed the findings of the previous one. The quality deterioration that practically unavoidably commences soon after the fish are caught seems to follow a slightly different chemical pattern depending on the season of catch, with the resuk that the relation between the degree of actual deterioration and the values given by a useful chemical test for it may vary with the season. A study of some additional chemical and bacteriological tests from this standpoint was recently started. Increasing commercial use of the antibiotic chlortetracyc line (CTC) as a useful and legally permitted weapon in the battle against bacterial deterioration of fishery products led the Station to investigate why in some processing plants the preservative action of CTC is not always as effective as carefully controlled laboratory experiments indicated it should be. Factors examined were those that could affect the amount of CTC taken up from a solution of the antibiotic when non-frozen flounder, cod and haddock fillets are dipped in it, also the remaining volume and CTC concentration of the solution after large quantities of fillets had been dipped. Also examined was the action of another preservative, sodium benzoate, on various types of fish-spoiling bacteria, particularly on the resting stage of their cells. Study of the metabolism of one particular kind of fish-spoiling bacteria that produces -fruity" spoilage odours is disclosing the nature of the products contributing to such odour, and how they are produced. Cognate with the studies at the Technological Station in Vancouver (see below) on the use of mechanically refrigerated sea water for temporary preservation of fish catches, the Halifax Station continued a particular study, commenced in 1958, of the application of this procedure to the holding of non-eviscerated and eviscerated Atlantic cod. A stationary fish-holding tank was specially designed to maintain the temperature of the carcasses close to that (31° to 32°F.) of the refrigerated sea water during the experiments. The results of these indicated that holding of cod in refrigerated sea water offered no particular advantage over proper storage in ice for the same period, as far as preservation of quality was concerned. CTC antibiotic was more efficient when used in a pre-storage dip than when added to the refrigerated sea water. Salt uptake sometimes exceeded desirable limits. These results, however, were not considered to exclude the possibility that this method of holding may have advantages over icing for species other than cod. Important advances were made in developing fish-washing principles that might be applied in conjunction with fish-cutting procedures. Spray washing versus dipping, suitable conveyor-belt speeds, water pressure and other factors were studied with particular attention to removal of bacterial contamination. Thorough flushing of the gut cavity of a fish being sprayed, or incorporation of an immersion washing stage with a spray stage, is recommended.

63 A three-year study of the effects of temporary rises in temperatiire of stored fish was concluded. Some batches of cod successfully withstood frozen storage for bi two years at — 10°F., but if the temperature rose even briefly to 00 or 5°F. their quality during resumed storage at —10°F. suffered. The development of free fatty ou acids in frozen cod is being followed in relation to its keepability. ra\ The long-term investigation of the proteins and protein fractions in fresh and wl frozen fish muscle continued. Among other results, there is evidence that as a test for quality or measure of deterioration of muscle protein during frozen storage the of degree of extractability of a certain protein fraction is a sensitive test and checks pat fairly well with results of taste-panel assessments of the cooked flesh. Partly in de this cormection, several factors affecting the cooking of fish for taste-panel grading sali were evaluated. The isolation and identification of two other muscle protein fractions, and of tra, muscle albumins, progressed favourably. lab As a result of working out an improved method for the quantitative deter- suc mination of fatty complexes in marine products, greater accuracy is now possible essi in the Station's work on analyses for the principal nutritive constituents of Canadian salt Atlantic species of fish and shellfish. The improved method has furthered a study col( of non-protein nitrogen components in the flesh of several species of fishes and of brii lobster and crab. The pigment responsible for the orange-red colour often found cen in scallop muscle was identified as zeaxanthin. cert stai The possibilities of fish flour as a high-protein dietary supplement or food suc are receiving much international attention. The Halifax Station's pioneer work in bac Canada on such a product has led to continuing requests from industry and government agencies for samples, and during the year under review 57 batches averaging some six pounds each were prepared. Experimental work also continued; in addi- allo tion to previously reported flour from herring and from cod and haddock flesh or sub offal, more recently whole rosefish, fillets and offal therefrom, and whole gaspereau usel have been used. Residual fat in flour from cod offal increased with the season in which the fish were caught from July to December, then decreased. Residual colour the was least in flour from spring-caught cod. There is no apparent relation between pre: residual fat colour and colour of the flour. The Technological Station at Grande-Riviere on the Gaspe Coast conducts calL investigations relating mainly to salt cod. A new experimental salt-fish dryer incor- by porating five aluminum drying sections and mechanical or electronic devices for subi controlling and recording various drying conditions and their results was designed, bact installed and tested. It will prove very useful for extending investigations comraenced on 1 in 1959 to determine the exact role of certain operations such as "water horsing" the before drying, and "press piling" between drying, that appear to have such a at t significance in production of salt cod. also Storage experiments with partly dried light-salted cod were resumed under iiifl Thi carefully controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity, and it appears possible to find conditions under which fish at the first drying stage can be kept in storage over extended periods so that the remainder of the drying operation can men be performed after peak periods of catch and salting are over. vers

64 Trials of freeze-drying cod flesh under a vacuum indicated interesting possibilities of producing steaks, fillets, and perhaps new kinds of salt cod products, which because of their low (11 per cent) residual water content can be kept without refrigeration. Infra-red lamps supply the necessary heat for drying the frozen raw flesh. The dried products rehydrate readily in water within a few minutes, and when cooked are comparable in flavour and texture to cooked frozen cod. A survey of the volatile acids content in a large nuraber of commercial samples of differently cured salted cod indicated that such acids are responsible for a great part of the characteristic tastes and flavours of the cured products. Because the degree of salting appears to regulate production of these acids, careful control of salting and processing should achieve fairly constant desired types of cure. Bacteriology of salt cod processing continued to receive attention. In 1958, traces of manganese compounds were demonstrated to accelerate and simplify the laboratory culture of certain red bacteria (halophiles) fond of a salty environment such as in salt fish; further experiments showed that manganese is not absolutely essential for their growth, and that too much is detrimental. Magnesium and iron salts are necessary also; the former exert a special protective action for certain colourless halophilic bacteria. Quantitative studies of the general bacterial flora in brines used for light and heavy-salted cod emphasized the importance of salt concentration in testing for the preience of undesirable types of bacteria. However, certain harmless bacteria are desirable for producing some of the chemical substances responsible for the characteristic flavours of different cures, and among such substances produced, the volatile bases seem to provide the best index of bacterial activity. Injection of chemicals incorporating radioactive carbon into live lobsters allowed tracing the course of the lobster's synthesis of trimethylamine œdde, a substance which breaks down post mortem to the trimethylamine which is widely used as an indicator of quality deterioration in the flesh of sea fish and shellfish. The Technological Unit at London, Ont., concentrated mainly on studies of the fish-spoiling bacteria associated with freshwater fisheries products, quality preservation for frozen yellow perch, and tests of gear for catching Lake Erie smelts. The 70 kinds of bacteria found so far on freshwater fish, including kinds collected during the year, were partially classified. On the basis of odours evolved by the bacteria, 25 kinds were found to be important fish spoilers and these were submitted to practical tests. Storage at —10°F. killed off 95 to 97 per cent of all bacteria within 24 hours and 99.7 per cent within one month. Parallel experiments on their reaction to an unaccustomed slightly salty environment showed that in the presence of three to five per cent salt, their growth was completely inhibited :t the temperature of well-iced fish (about 32°F.). All 70 strains of bacteria were also tested for their sensitivity towards CTC antibiotic, of which five parts per Inillion completely inhibited the growth of 55 strains of bacteria for three days. This showed promise that CTC would improve the storage life of fresh-water fish. After making some improvements in the refrigeration equipment of an experimental tank for comparing the effectiveness of refrigerated water and weak brines versus ice as a means of holding fish catches before processing, a three per cent brine

65 89633-2--5 at 32°F. proved superior to either water or ice at 32°F. for retarding growth of spoilage bacteria. However, ice was superior from the standpoint of retaining the natural colour and fresh appearance of yellow perch, smelt and sheepshead. Further investigations of an erratic discoloration of fillets cut from stored yellow perch, and development of a wet-hay-like odour on the skin side of some fillets, has as yet failed to reveal the underlying reason for these phenomena or means of overcoming them. No single chemical test for the freshness of fishery products has been found to be generally applicable, but among those advocated is the determination of volatile reducing substances (VRS) in the flesh. This Unit attempted to estab lish a relation between VRS values and the keeping quality of yellow perch but found the results were inconsistent and of little use for predicting feasible keeping periods. Additional chemical analyses of ten species of lake fish provided further information on the composition of the whole fish, the edible portion, liver, viscen-., and waste portions. Modification of a machine originally designed for size grading of British Columbia shrimp has shown its applicability to the grading of Lake Erie smelts. at Smelt, alewife, sheepshead and whitefish were experimentally canned according to several recipes. Only the sheepshead failed to yield an attractive product. Extensive tests of a mid-water trawl for catching Lake Erie smelt were con- si ducted in collaboration with the Department and the Ontario Department of re Lands and Forests. Considerable information on the quantitative availability of ol smelt from October to January in different parts of the lake was obtained. The CC programme was turned over to the Department's Industrial Development Service early in 1960. lif During this first year of occupancy of the Board's new building on the University of British Columbia campus the Technological Station at Vancouver continued with improved facilities its programme of investigations previously conducted in quarters it had outgrown. A fourth year of studies in collaboration with the International Pacific Salmon Ln Fisheries Commission on biochemical changes taking place in sockeye salmon during kil their migration from the sea to their Fraser River spawning grounds included completion of chemical analyses for various constituents in the tissues and blood of some 1100 individual migrants. Because they do not feed from the time they leave the sea, it is important to ascertain the nature and rate of the changes that fre take place in their bodies in providing the energy for the long up-stream journey while at the same time accomplishing sexual maturity in preparation for perpetuation of their race at the end of their journey. Should their progress be impeded by natural or man-made obstacles, Nature's timing for this essential function may be frustrated. Chemical analyses of the salmon taken at three locations along a typical 715- mile river migration route showed that, of the internal organs, the no-longer-needed alimentary tract is the major source of reserve fat and protein for the necessary transformations, and that the greater part of this reserve is expended in the first 250 miles of the spawning journey. Also studied was the role of certain blood hor, in triggering the spawning migration urge, in completing sexual maturation, mones

66 and in leading to death soon after spawning. In this connection two new steroid hormones were isolated, one from blood plasma of spawned-out females, the other from spawned-out males; the former was also synthesized in the Station's laboratories. Other work on salmon included a continuation of the study of the metabolic significance of inositol, a sugar-like compound widely distributed in the major tissues of some fishes and considered to be an energy reserve and source of carbo- hydrate blood sugar. Several years' investigation of the nutrition and metabolism of marine bacteria was concluded. During study of their requirements of inorganic compounds essential for maintenance of their enzyme systems, it was found that exposure of one kind of marine bacteria to ultraviolet light gave rise to mutants no longer specifically requiring sodium compounds such as salt. This lends support to a theory that land bacteria evolved from marine bacteria, as exposure to the more intense illumination on land allowed weaning from their ancestral dimmer, salty environment. Holding of non-frozen or frozen fish in as fresh a condition as possible at sea and ashore continued to receive attention. The principle of using sea water mechanically refrigerated to between 30 0 and 32°F., as developed and demonstrated by this Station over the past 15 years for transport and temporary storage of fish and shellfish catches, has received widespread commercial application. The Station's recent assistance in connection with these applications centered on the working out of systematic operating and cleaning procedures to avoid build-up of bacterial contamination on the tank surfaces and in the sea water of the refrigerating system used in vessels or shore processing plants. Further physiochemical study of water uptake by the flesh of some species of fish so held gave promise of a practical means controlling or even preventing this undesirable effect. Following experiments in 1958 on possible commercial utilization of dogfish .iesh, which without proper precautions soon after catching is prone to develop a characteristic spoilage pattern involving liberation of ammonia, comparisons were made of the spoilage rates of iced, non-iced, and frozen gutted carcasses from freshly killed dogfish. The British Columbia fishing industry has again expressed interest in freezing fish at sea. In 1935 this Station made some laboratory experiments on freezing

, alibut in refrigerated brine, and in 1952 and 1953 conducted large-scale tests on freezing and storage of halibut, sole and albacore tuna in refrigerated holds it in- talled on a commercial fishing vessel. Renewed laboratory work on this subject iucluded brine-freezing over 1100 pounds of halibut to determine various factors For scaling up to commercial tests. Further to intermittent study over the past 15 years on ways of minimizing , low development of oxidative rancidity in the fat of many kinds of stored frozen fqh, samples of minced salmon flesh were machine-packaged in various types of lastic films, either under vacuum or with the aid of nitrogen to exclude atmos- - heric oxygen, then stored frozen for up to a year. The efficacy of films in pro- ecting against rancidity depended largely on their permeability to oxygen of the 'e Fr; results with nitrogen were poor. A fat-splitting enzyme having a probable

67 89633-2---5i relation to development of rancid-like-effects was isolated from lingcod flesh in 1958. Later investigation has shown that its activity increases from the tail and towards the head end of lingcod fillets and is retained over long periods of cold storage. It is also present in salmon, cod, and lemon sole flesh. Another investigation involving enzymes followed the Station's earlier demonstration that the development of a brownish colour in the white flesh of many kinds of fish when cooked or dehydrated is caused by enzymic liberation of a sugar (ribose) which then reacts with protein constituents of the flesh. Several years ago it was shown that the undesirable browning can be avoided by leaching out the

ribose formed; recent efforts toward a more practical method concentrated on Il finding a means of blocking the enzymic action. Tests to determine whether the nutritive value of herring meal for poultry is affected by the addition of antioxidants for protection of the oil in the meal against oxidation during storage were concluded and showed that meal so protected was fi not significantly better than untreated meal as a supplier of nutritional protein. Feeding tests with the fatty extracts from stored meal indicated that any detraction from the nutritive value due to oxidation can be overcome by addition of an excess fc of vitamins. A A project started in 1959 has an interesting possible bearing on current medical concern over effects of diet on the cholesterol content of human blood serum in relation to heart conditions. In determining the increase or decrease of cholesterol content of the blood of young chickens fed on rations containing various types of fish oil components, evidence was obtained that the vitamin A in a fish liver oil may have more effect than the unsaturated fatty acid constituents of a fish or vege- 1.g table oil in producing a presumably desirable lowering of cholesterol content. Of va similar interest is the investigation of new, or otherwise difficult to obtain, pharma- lç ceutical biochemicals from fishery products. In the early days of insulin research T1 elsew. here, not only was insulin preparable from fish, but a necessary adjunct (prota- tic mine) to it was corrunercially manufactured from Pacific salmon sperm. The Van- Pr couver Station's interest in isolating or synthesiz,ing biochemical materials from an fish tissues was recently expanded to indude nucleic acid and sterol derivatives. te: The separate annual report of the Board provides further details of the foregoing and other investigations by the Board's various establishments. be Inc an fis]

Cc Ca rec Ju thi ju; clic ye; thi 68 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS

HE NEED for co-operation between nations is of as great consequence in the Tconservation of the world's natural resources as in any other field, and during recent years the fishery stocks of oceans, lakes and rivers have been under increasing investigation. Canada, among the first to recognize this need, has been active in the negotiation of international agreements and establishment of international commissions which study and recommend correct management procedures in waters of common concern to two or more countries. The commissions operate within the framework of conventions; of those to which Canada is signatory, three are bilateral agreements with the United States dealing with Pacific sockeye and pink salmon of the Fraser River system and halibut and the fisheries of the Great Lakes, and four include other countries with interest in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Arctic and the Antarctic. Brief accounts of the work_of the seven commissions follow. International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission

The International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission was extablished in 1937 under a Convention between the United States and Canada for the preservation, protection and extension of the sockeye fisheries of the Fraser River. In 1957 the Convention was amended to include pink salmon of the Fraser River. The sahnon stocks of this river system historically have been exploited by the na- tionals of the two countries and the Commission, through regulatory controls, provides for an equal division of the catch in the waters under its jurisdiction, and in addition allows for escapement sufficient to insure the preservation and extension of the joint fishery. The two nations are equally represented on the Commission, three members being appointed by each government. In addition, an Advisory Committee of six members from each country representative of parallel segments of the fishing industry are appointed by the Commission. Major decisions regarding regulations of the fishery are discussed in advance with this Committee. The total sockeye run to the Fraser in 1959 was 4,405,000 fish. The catch in Convention waters of 3,392,621 was the highest in this four-year cycle since 1903. Canadian fishermen took 1,581,883 or 46.6 per cent of the catch. This share was reduced from the allowable 50 per cent as a result of a fishermen's strike between July 26 and August 9. Although sockeye were about five days late in arrival at the estuarial fishing areas, their landward approach was almost entirely through Juan de Fuca Strait, and the abnormal 1958 diversion through Johnstone Strait did not recur. The size of the fish was the smallest on record for the cycle. Four- year sock-eye averaged 5.12 pounds compared to an average of 6.00 pounds for this cycle year. 69 Total escapement to the Fraser _was 213 per cent of the season's run and was numerically two and one-half times larger than the parent year, 1955. In general ol the success of the run could be attributed to reasonably good conditions on the the spawning grounds during early life and to favourable conditions later in life as wa indicated by a 16 per cent sea survival of Chilko sockeye. ;.11. The early Stuart escapement of only 2633 fish, in spite of a complete closure Str of the fishery for this race of sockeye, was disappointing but not unexpected because of the serious delay of the escapement in passing a high water obstruction in the Fraser Canyon in 1955. The low reproductive effectiveness of this escapement in 1955 emphasizes the serious adverse effect of any delay in migration which might result from the development of hydroelectric sites on the main Fraser River. Es- capements were substantially less than the parent year only in certain coastal streams where serious floods occurred during the early incubation period in 1955. The Fraser River pink salmon run proved to be the second smallest in the history of the fishery in spite of an average escapement and what appeared to be excellent spawning and incubation conditions in the brood year. However, investigations by the Commission had indicated that high water temperatures in Georgia Strait adjacent to the mouth of the Fraser during the first summer of marine existence of pink salmon were associated with poor adult returns. Since temperatures prevailing in this area during 1958 were extremely high, a decline in the 1959 pink run was not unexpected. The total run of pink salmon was 5,818,000 fish as compared to 7,837,000 in 1957. The catch in Convention waters was 4,740,441, the Canadian share being 2,312,906 or 48.8 per cent of the total. The balance in favour of the United States was largely a result of the strike by Canadian fishermen during early August. The troll catch in Convention waters was 437,762 fish. This was a phenomenal increase ; 9.2 per cent of the total catch as compared to 3.8 per cent in 1957 representing and 1.1 per cent in 1955. Although fishing regulations had been designed to allow an escapement of a size similar to that of 1957, an unexpected rise in gear efficiency increased the catch ;pot above a level consistent with good manageMent. In future years the Commission they will have developed additional methods of assessing the effectiveness of the fishery toward more accurate control of escapement. The increased availability of the 1955 pink run to the fishing gear resulted in a decline in escapement over 1957 of 55.5 pro; per cent to 1,078,000 fish or 18.5 per cent of the total run. The escapement was qui] similar in timing to that of 1957, being divided into early and late groups spawning mat in separate areas of the Fraser system. the During 1959 a large scale co-operative pink salmon tagging and spawning enumeration programme was conducted under the auspices of the Pink Salmor Co-ordinating Committee. This committee, consisting of representatives of the Canadian and Washington Sta.te Departments of Fisheries, the Fisheries Research Board of Canada and the Commission was formed to "conduct a co-ordinated investigation of pink salmon stocks which enter Convention waters for the pur , determining the migratory movements of such stocks'', as required by poses of Article VI of the Pink Salmon Protocol.

70 During the 1959 run, a total of 54,369 pink salmon were tagged-22,743 in Johnstone Strait, 28,471 in Convention waters and 3,155 in Admiralty Inlet. Of the fish tagged in Convention waters 63 per cent were recovered in Convention waters fisheries. Of the fish tagged in Johnstone Strait 58 per cent were recovered 'n the fishery and 80 per cent of those recovered were taken in the Johnstone '• rait area.

a h Spotters perched on floating ladders look for schools of pink salmon off the Pacific coast. Salmon are netted, tagged for future identification, then released to continue their journey to the British Columbia TiterS where they spawn. This operation is carried out by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission.

In general the tagging and recovery as well as the spawning enumeration 5 programmes were unusually successful. Although a period of a year may be required to analyse the very large body of data, it is anticipated that valuable information will be made available earlier if required for the rational exploitation of the various stocks involved. Some preliminary findings are as follows: g 1. Substantial numbers of pink salmon destined for Washington State streams are taken within Convention waters only in fisheries of Juan de Fuca Le Strait and in an area to the south of the San Juan Islands. IL 2. Canadian streams north d Significant numbers of pink salmon destined for r' of the Fraser are taken in Convention waters fisheries. 'y 3. A significant portion of the 1959 escapement to the Fraser River consisted of fish which had migrated through Johnstone Strait.

71 Other pink salmon investigations included the completion of a study of the character of the migration of pink salinon to Fraser River spawning grounds; an assessment of methods for estimating overwinter survival of eggs by sampling redds; and a further development of means for indexing the abundance of seaward migrant fry. Transfer of sockeye salmon eggs to art,,a.s currently barren of sockeye but which historically supported runs, included 490,000 eyed eggs from Raft River to North Barrier Lake, 900,000 eyed eggs from Seymour River to Upper Adams River, 600,000 eyed eggs from Taseko Lake to Upper Adams River and 622,000 eyed eggs from Lower Adams River to Middle Shuswap River. Special sockeye investigations included an examination, in co-operation with the Fisheries Research Board, of the energy expenditure of Fraser River sockeye during spawning migration to Chilko and Stuart Lakes; a continuing study of the effects of pressure changes on young and adult sockeye; a preliminary study of factors involved in the decline of the sockeye population in Birkenhead River and preliminary experiments on the relation of thyroid activity to the seaward migration of young sockeye. The Commission held ten formal meetings during 1959. Canada was repre• sented on the Commission by Senator Thomas Reid, Mr. A. J. Whitmore, Pacific Area Director, Department of Fisheries, and Mr. F. D. Mathers.

International Pacific Halibut Commission The International Pacific Halibut Commission is responsible for the manage, of the halibut fishery on the Pacific Coast of North America. It was estab- ment lished as an investigational organization under a treaty signed by Canada and the United States in 1923 and was continued, with regulatory powers, under succeeding treaties signed in 1930, 1937 and 1953. The terms of the present treaty make the Commission responsible for developing the stocks of Pacific halibut to levels which will permit the maximum sustained yield and for maintaining the -stocks at those levels. They authorize tir, Commission to apply specific types of regulation and require it to justify its regulatory actions by scientific investigations. Regulations come into force upon approval by the Governments of Canada and the United States. Management of the fishery, based upon scientific research, has now been in effect for 29 years. The density of the halibut stocks and the sustainable annual catches have been rebuilt gradually from low and declining levels to high levels. The fishery, which had re,ached an unprofitable state prior to management, lias been restored to a highly profitable condition. The total catch in 1959 was 71. 5 million pounds, the highest ever taken in one year. The Commission consists of six members, three from each country. Cana dian members in 1959 were: Dr. W. M. Sprules, Ottawa, elected Chairman; Mr. Harold S. Helland, Prince Rupert, and Mr. Richard Nelson, Vancouver. United States members throughout most of the year were: Mr. Seton H. Thompson, Washington, D.C., elected Vice Chairman; Mr. William A. Bates, Ketchikan, Alaska, and Mi.

72 Mattias Madsen, Seattle, Washington. Mr. Andrew W. Anderson, Washington, LU D.C., was appointed in August to succeed Mr. Thompson, resigned, and was lg subsequently elected Vice Chairman. rd The annual meeting of the Commission was held at the Commission's office and research headquarters, University of Washington, Seattle, from January 26 to ut 29 inclusive. Several conferences were held with representatives of the halibut er fishermen's, vessel owners' and wholesale halibut dealers' organizations, during ns which the results of fishing and of scientific investigations in 1958 were reviewed and discussed and various proposals regarding regulation in 1959 were considered. Thereafter the Commission approved a research programme and adopted regulations th for the 1959 fishing season. These regulations became effective on March 31 upon ye approval by the Governor General of Canada and the President of the United he States. of The halibut regulations in 1959 contained only one significant change from those ld of 1958. This was the closure during the second fishing season in Area 2, of the Dll channels inside southeastern Alaska where there had been a progressive decline in the catch per unit of fishing effort for several years. Scientific findings indicated that 7e- the 1958 regulations had improved the seasonal and geographic distribution of fic fishing and should, in other respects, be continued in 1959. The regulations continue-d the five regulatory areas of the previous four years: Area 1A, south of Heceta Head, Oregon; Area 1B, from Heceta. Head to Willapa Bay, Washington; Area 2, from Willapa Bay to Cape Spencer, Alaska; Area 3A, from Cape Spencer to the Shumagin Islands, Alaska, and Area 3B, all convention waters west of Area 3A, including the Bering Sea. In addition to defining the above-n-ientioned areas, the regulations specify the he number of fishing seasons (one in some areas, two in others); the opening and closing ng dates of fishing seasons, and the catch quotas in most areas. The closing dates are sometimes determined by the length of time it takes to fill the catch quotas set for el- particular area.s; when the quotas are reached, the season is declared closed. s- Halibut production by the combined Canadian and United States fleets in 1959 exceeded 71.5 million pounds, approximately six million pounds more than in u- 1958. a l Sampling of the commercial landings was continued at Seattle, Washington, at Prince Rupert, B.C., and at Petersburg, Alaska. Materials were obtained for in study of changes in the composition, growth, mortality and recruitment of the al halibut stocks upon important banks. Additional materials were collected at sea s. during the operation of a chartered vessel for tagging. as Studies of growth of the halibut from the major grounds in all areas were .5 continued in 1959, using measurements of the widths of the annual growth zones in the otoliths. The data obtained during the past few years were expressed in an mathematical form for use in the study of the theoretical dynamics of the Pacific halibut iti stocks. es Tagging experiments were begun to determine the migrations and relative n, utilization of halibut on different banks, information that plays an important role in the Commission's management programme.

73 89633-2-6 The halibut vessel Allaverdy was chartered for a 125-day period beginning in May. Five tagging trips were made inside the Bering Sea, on the edge, the flats and along the Aleutian chain. The experience of the tagging vessel was in agreement with that of the commercial fleet, which found that the occurrence of halibut in different locations was distinctly seasonal. Substantial returns from the 1956 Bering Sea tagging experiments, from both inside and outside the Bering Sea, indicated a high level of utilization. Although the year 1959 was only the third full recovery year for the 1956 tagging experiments in the Bering Sea and recoveries are expected for several more years, some relationships were already apparent and some tentative conclusions could be drawn. While most of the recoveries inside the Bering Sea were from the edge where an intensive fishery operated, six fish made noteworthy migrations. Three fish moved from the grounds near Unimak Pass to the edge, two fish migrated from the edge to the grounds near Unimak Pass, and one fish moved about 201) miles northeast from the edge to the flats, where it was recovered by the Russian trawl fleet in July. Although few, these recoveries showed that there is some movement of fish between the edge, the flats and the Aleutian chain, and suggest that th fish along the edge are not an isolated population. The study of tag losses begun in 1958 was continued in 1959. The return of tagged fish, marked with two tags in 1955, proved that tags are lost from the fish but not at a significant rate. Investigations of the life of the halibut during their early years, prior to recruitment to the fishery, begun in 1955, were continued in 1959. The researcl vessel Commando was chartered for a period of 60 days, from late July into Sep- tember, during which time fishing was done on known small-fish grounds betwee Vancouver Island and Kodiak Island. • A total of 5604 small halibut was caught, ranging from two to 25 inches in length and from less than one to eight years of age. Of these 551 were less than one year old, 3920 were one year old, 668 were two years old and 184 were three years old. One general report on the regulation of the fishery and investigations during 1958 was published during the year. Technical reports on the theoretical dynamics of the halibut stocks and on the stocks in the Bering Sea were submitted to the governments of Canada and the United States for their information and use. The report on the theoretical dynamics of the Pacific halibut stocks was also prepared for publication. International North Pacific Fisheries Commission

On June 12, 1953, Canada, Japan and the United States brought into force the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean. The Convention was negotiated for the purpose of ensuring the maximum sustained productivity of the fishery resources of the North Pacific Ocean and Da encourage the conservation of such resources.

74 The Convention provided for the establishment of the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission to make recommendations to the contracting parties for achievement of the purposes of the Convention. The Commission was estab lished in February, 1954, held its first annual meeting in October, 1954, and brought its research programme into operation in 1955. Since that time it has concentrated its efforts on two major problems assigned to it in the Convention, that of determining an equitable dividing line for salmon fishing in the 6 North Pacific and that of determining if abstention from fishing for certain species and in certain areas by Japan and, in some cases, Canada, should continue. The Protocol to the Convention stipulates that the Commission shall investigate the waters of the North Pacific Ocean to determine if there are areas in which s. salmon originating in North America, intermingle with salmon originating in Asia. If such areas are found, the Commission is to conduct studies to determine a line or lines which best divide salmon of Asian origin from salmon of North American .11 origin and to determine whether it can be shown beyond a reasonable doubt that E.' this line or lines more equitably divides such salmon than the provisional or temporary line which was established on or near 175° West Longitude. To provide a basis for a recommendation with respect to the Protocol, the Df Commission has studied the-distribution, abundance, movements and continental .1 origin of salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) on the high seas. For the purpose of studying the distribution of salmon in offshore waters, a number of special salinon fishing vessels carrying standardized fishing gear have been sent out each summer since 1955. The vessels are staffed by fisheries agencies and research institutions in the three countries, under co-ordinated plans prepared and approved by the Commis- sion. The waters of the North Pacific from Asia to North America and north of 400 North to 45° North Latitude, including the Bering Sea and part of the Okhotsk Sea, have been investigated by these exploratory fishing vessels. The data they have obtained, together with data from the Japanese high seas salmon fisheries in r, e western parts of the North Pacific, have been used for study of the distribution of salmon in offshore waters. The exploratory fishing vessels have also collected salmon samples for racial studies to determine the continent of origin of salmon found on the high seas. Large numbers of whole salmon, scale samples, blood samples, etc., have been collected from all waters where salmon are found. Additional samples have been collected from the Japanese high seas salmon fisheries and from inshore and fresh water locations. These samples are sent to laboratories where particular phases of the racial studies are being carried out. Racial studies, using the samples thus collected and exchanged, have been conducted by various methods. For example, elaborate multivariate statistical analyses of a number of meristic characters have been undertaken by the United States; an extensive racial study of salmon, using parasite species as indicators, has been carried out by Canada; serological studies have been undertaken by the United States and Japan; all three countries have engaged in the studies of scale characteristics, etc. These activities all have as their basic purpose the recognition of the continent of origin of salmon in samples taken on the high seas.

75 89633-2---61 The Commission's investigations have clearly established that salmon from certain portions of Asia and North Aurerica intermingle extensively over a wide area of the North Pacific. Insofar as North America salmon populations are concerned, intermingling seems substantially confined to stocks originating in Alaska, north of the Aleutian Peninsula. Movements of salmon on the high seas have been traced by extensive tagging operations in offshore waters. The United States and Japan have employed special tagging vessels in wide areas of the North Pacific. The excellent results from these tagging experiments have been most valuable to the Commission. Canadian vessels will join the tagging programme and tag salmon in the Gulf of Alaska in 1960. Exploratory fishing vessels and tagging vessels collect oceanographic information at each station they occupy. In addition, special oceanographic research vessels have been sent out each year. The purpose of these oceanographic investigations is to determine the general oceanographic features of the sub-arctic region of the North Pacific, which constitutes the marine habitat of salmon, and to relate oceanographic conditions and their variations to the distribution and movement of salmon on the high seas. In addition to its investigations of the salmon stocks of the high seas, the Coin- mission began studies of the king crab (Paralithodes carrtchatica) stocks of the eastern Bering Sea in 1955 to determine if joint conservation measures should be undertaken. This investigation is being carried on by research agencies in the United States and Japan, the two nations whose fishermen have exploited these stocks. Emphasis has been placed on the study of the distribution of king crabs in this area, their growth and moulting rates, distribution of juvenile forms, estimation of the total population, effects of fishing, etc. On the basis of results from king crab tagging experiments and other ecological studies, it has been possible to estimate roughly the growth of the king crabs in this area. An estimate of the total population of king crab of commercial size has also been obtained. These data, together with catch statistics from the fisheries in the area, have led the Commission to the conclusion that, at the present level of intensity, there is no evidence that joint conservation measures are required for the king crab stocks of the eastern Bering Sea. The sixth annual meeting of the Commission was held in Seattle, Washington from November 2 to 7, 1959. Various committees established by the Commission conducted their work during the three weeks prior to the beginning of the annual meeting. The Chairman of the Commission for 1959 was Mr. Edward W. Allen of the United States. The Canadian National Section of the Commission included Commissioners George R. Clark, John M. Buchanan, James C. Cameron and Roger T. Hager. The Canadian Commissioners were accompanied by a number of advisers and experts, including Dr. J. L. Kask, Dr. A. W. H. Needler, Dr. W. M. Sprules, Dr. F. Neave and a number of other scientists. During the meeting plans for research during 1960 were developed by the Committee on Biology and Research and approved by the Commission. Both salmon and king crab studies will be continued on about the same scale as in the past several years. The Commission, however, will undertake a thorough review of its salmon

76 research programme and progress, with a view to establishing long-range research plans. Senior scientists of the various national research agencies will meet with the Commission's secretariat in Tokyo in June, 1960, to consider this assignment. After carefully considering all the data available from the salmon research programme, the Commission recognized that application of the results of such research to confirm or change the provisional fishing line defined in the Convention 1 could not be c,arried out effectively until the Commission is provided with an agreed interpretation of the intent of the Protocol to the Convention by the contracting 3 parties. A request for such an interpretation was to be submitted to the respective governments concerned. The Commission continued its annual review of the qualifications for abstention of the salmon, halibut and herring stocks, and on the basis of certain new analyses concluded that herring stocks off the coast of Alaska south of the Alaskan Peninsula I and east of the meridian passing through the extremity of the Alaskan Peninsula no longer qualified for abstention and recommended that these stocks be removed from the Annex to the Convention. Mr. George R. Clark, Deputy Minister of Fisheries of Canada, was elected Chairman of the Commission for 1960. The seventh annual meeting will be held ri in Vancouver, B.C., beginning on November 7, 1960. During the preceding two to three weeks, the various committees of the Commission will hold their meetings. 3 Members of the Commission and its secretariat at the end of 1959 were as follows: ;. Canada—George R. Clark, John M. Buchanan, James C. Cameron and Roger T. :s Hager; Japan—Iwao Fujita, Kenjiro Nishimura, Haruki Mon i and Koichiro Kobayashi; United States—Milton E. Brooding, Edward W. Allen, John H. Clawson and Arnie J. Suomela. Secretariat, Roy I. Jackson and Hiroshi Kasahara. il During the year the Commission's secretariat moved into attractive and efficient new quarters provided for its use by Canada in the new Technological Laboratory of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada on the campus of the Uni- versity of British Columbia in Vancouver.

International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries

During 1959 a number of special projects were continued from previous years or initiated by the Commission following decisions made at the annual meeting held in Montreal from May 26 to June 6. The 12 member countries of the Com- mission are Canada, Denmark, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Iceland, rs Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, the U.S.S.R., the United Kingdom and the U.S.A. s, The routine work carried out included the collection of statistical data on landings from the Convention Area. Data collected by all member countries now e almost completely conform to the Commission's requirements. Special attention ri is being paid to the amounts of fish discarded. A few non-member countries are al known to be fishing in the Convention Area, and statistical data on their fisheries n are now being received from fishing institutes in those countries. 77 The collection of data on. length (and age) distribution of samples of fish caught by commercial fishing vessels or by research vessels has been continued, and the yearly exchange of research programmes by the member countries took place. By special arrangement, plans for cruises by research vessels are exchanged directly between the institutions concerned. The Commission continued to co-operate with related international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organiz,ation of the United Nations and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. The effects of existing regulations for the fisheries were assessed during the year. In 1953 an international regulation of the trawl fishery for haddock in Subarea 5 (off New England) of the Convention Area was introduced, establishing a minimum mesh size of 41 inches. It has been proved that the large-mesh trawls have been beneficial to the fisheries in various ways: discards of small fish have been reduced to a negligible quantity, and haddock year-classes of the same initial size yield a larger total catch since the regulation has been effected. In 1955 the Commission proposed a regulation of the trawl fisheries in Sub- areas 3 (Newfoundland), 4 (Gulf of St. Lawrence and off the Maritime Provinces), and 5 (New England), for cod and haddock, which included a 4k-inch minimum mesh size in Subareas 4 and 5, and a 4-inch minimum in Subarea 3. This regulation also specified the use of chafing gear on trawls to ensure the escapement of undersized fish. With some minor amendments, the regulations have been effective since 1958. At the 1959 annual meeting the Commission decided to initiate basic stUdies for a consideration of the extension of existing regulations as follows: a minimum mesh size for the remaining Subareas; a uniform mesh size for the whole North Atlantic; a uniform mesh size for the whole Convention Area, and other conservation measures such as size-limits of fish, closed areas and closed seasons. A sub-committee on environmental research into the commercial fish stocks was established to consider the work already under way and to consider plans for the co-ordination and expansion of hydrographie and planktonic investigations in the ICNAF areas. In 1958 an exchange of cod otoliths between experts of the various member countries was begun, mainly to ascertain the degree of agreement between the experts reading the age of cod by means of the otolith. It was found that a satisfactory general agreement existed, although some discrepancies occurred in certain special cases. In continuation of this work the Commission, during 1959, collected information as to the techniques of reading otoliths applied by the various. councries for cod and other commercial fishes. During the year an exchange of halibut otoliths was commenced along the same lines as those used in the cod otoliths project. Canadian Commissioners for 1959 and 1960 are Mr. George R. Clark, Deputy Minister of Fisheries, Ottawa, and Mr. J. H. MacKichan, Halifax, N.S. Mr. A. J. Suomela, United States, was elected chairman for a two-year term, and Mr. Clark, vice-chairman. Mr. MacKichan was elected chairman of the Standing Committee on Finance and Administration. 78 The Commission, during the year, published its Annual Proceedings for the year 1958-59; a Statistical Bulletin for the year 1957; a Sampling Yearbook for 1958; ICNAF Directory, and Volume 2 of its "Red Book-, containing research papers ,resented at the 1959 annual meeting. Great Lakes Fishery Commission The Great Lakes Fishery Commission was established under the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries, between Canada and the United States, ratified on October 1, 1955. It was organized in April, 1956 and assumed its duties as set forth in the Convention on July 1, 1956. The Commission has two major responsibilities: to develop co-ordinated programmes of research in the Great Lakes and, on the basis .,f the findings, recommend measures which will permit the maximum sustained Droductivity of stocks of fish of common concern; to formulate and implement a -,rogramme to eradicate or minimize sea lamprey populations in the Great Lakes. The Commission is composed of six members, three from each country. Oanadian commissioners in 1959 were Dr. A. L. Pritchard, Ottawa, Dr. W. J. K. -.Iarkness, Toronto, and Dr. A. 0. Blackhurst, Port Dover. The chairmanship of the Commission, which alternates every two years between the two national sections, as held by Dr. Pritchard in 1959. The Commission is assisted in its planning of the Imprey control programme and general fishery research by a Scientific Advisory -2,ommittee, composed of four scientists, two from each country, with the Com- .-nission's Executive Secretary as chairman. Canadian members were Mr. K. H. Loftus of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests and Dr. G. > F. M. Smith of he Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Committees representing the fishing in- .lustry, sportsmen, government agencies, and the public at large, have been established to advise each national section. The Commission, required by the Convention to carry out its programme hy working through existing agencies as far as possible, maintains a secretariat in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The cost of maintaining this is shared equally by the two countries. The Commission's sea lamprey control programme is supported by both countries, with Canada contributing 31 per cent of the cost. This share is based on Canada's historic economic interest in the Great Lakes fisheries. The programme is carried out in Canada under contract with the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, and in the United States under contract with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Co-operation between the field staffs of these agencies in developing and applying new or improved methods has been a notable feature of control operations in 1959. Electrical barriers, used almost exclusively after 1951 to control lamprey, were installed on practically all known lamprey-producing streams of Lake Superior, and about two-thirds of those in Lake Michigan by 1957. Barrier construction was dalted on Lake Michigan after the first test of the chemical method in the fall of 1957 proved successful. This method, which could kill five to six generations of young lamprey living in streams at one time with a minimum of damage to fish, appeared to have a number of advantages, among them early reduction in young

79 lamprey in Lake Superior tributaries, which would reduce predation on the remaining lake trout. The decline and collapse of the lake trout fishery in Lake Michigan in approximately six years, and the disappearance of the species four years later, provided a strong argument for the prompt use of chemicals in Lake Superior streams. After further trials in the first part of 1958, chemical treatments became "operational" and the nine Lake Superior streams were treated in the fall of that year, seven with complete success. There has been a reduction in electrical barrier operations in Lake Michigan with the expansion of chemical treatments in Lake Superior. However, the network. in Lake Superior has been maintained to prevent re-establishment of new generations of young lamprey, and more particularly to follow the anticipated changes in lamprey abundance resulting from barrier and chemical operations. Fifty-nine barriers were operated on Lake Superior strea.ms in 1959, 40 in the United States and 19 in Canada. A general decrease in the number of spawning lamprey was noted on the south shore. In the eastern half the runs were 14 per cent below the 1958 runs, marking the second consecutive decrease on this stretch of shoreline. The decrease on the western half of the south shore was 31 per cent. In Canada, where barriers have produced less than 10 per cent of the spawning lamprey taken, runs at the eastern end showed little change while runs in the northwest increased. At the moment it cannot be claimed that changes in the number of spawners on the south shore are the result of barrier operations or chemical treatments. Prevention of lamprey spawning by barriers first operated in 1954 should not influence the number of subsequent spawners until 1960 at the earliest. Thirty-seven of the 65 barriers on Lake Michigan streams were operated in 1959. The remainder were placed on standby to provide funds and manpower for the chemical programme on Lake Superior. These barriers have shown that there are considerable natural fluctuations in this well-established population of sea lamprey. Chemical treatments proceeded on schedule during the spring and early summer of 1959. The chemical, or "lampricide" became less effective in July fcr reasons which remain unexplained. Trèatments had to be postponed on all but the very small streams to avoid damage to fish and excessive use of the limited supply of lampricide. This lessening in effectiveness was expected but an improvement was anticipated in September. The improvement did not occur, however, until October when rainfall was abnormally heavy, making the treatment of large streams extremely expensive. In spite of these difficulties, 37 streams were treated success , in 1959, eight in Canada and 29 in the United States. One stream was treated fully with partial success. Fourteen streams remained to be treated in Lake Superior, nire in Canada and five in the United States, at the end of 1959. Investigations into sea lamprey life history and use of lampricides continued to provide information useful in the application of control methods. A technique for rapid but accurate measurement of the concentration of lampricide in streams was developed in 1959. Investigations by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, and the Michigan Conservation Department, which is co-operating in the Corn' mission programme., have shown that populations of young lamprey occur in bays

80 .> at the mouths of spawning streams and rough estimates of their numbers have been n made. If these lake-dwelling individuals contribute significantly to the adult popu- r, lation, it will be necessary either to treat the contributing streams more frequently s. - or devise methods for localized treatment in the bays. The Commission has enlisted the support of agencies with fish cultural facilities in the lake trout restoration programme. Lake Huron and Lake Michigan will require introduction of trout to re-establish breeding populations. Lake Superior, although it still contains lake trout, may not have sufficient mature fish in some ± areas to permit a rapid recovery of the trout populations when lamprey are controlled. eter: There is evidence from a comparison of experimental trawl catches in 1959 and 1953 7 that young-of-the-year and one-year-old lake trout are much reduced and that natural reproduction has been damaged already. Further evidence of a weakening a. of natural reproduction can be seen in the increasing proportion of hatchery- produced fish in some areas. Ls, Mature fish in Lake Superior were once the main source of lake trout eggs for se , fish culture; however, the present scarcity of these has led to the development rs of domestic brood stocks in one hatchery and a search for egg sources in inland e• lakes. These new sources are producing eggs in increasing numbers and in time are -e.; expected to provide more eggs than the present hatchery facilities in the area can rear to yearling size. The Commission has asked agencies engaged in fish culture of . 4. operations in the Great Lakes to maintain their hatchery facilities at a high level et of efficiency and to proceed with plans to construct additional facilities, which might, for a time, be used to produce lake trout for the re-establishment of breeding in pi populations in the Great Lakes. The Commission has also made recommendations to the two countries regarding selective breeding of trout and investigations to evaluate and improve restoration activities. The Commission has considered research needs for each of the Great Lakes and in 1959 presented general recommendations to the two countries for Lake Erie, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. It has pointed out that there is no clear understanding of the biological and environmental factors at work, and of the interrelationships among the various species of fish. The scale of past research has been so limited that methods for arriving at unbiased and dependable estimates of such population characteristics as population density, age composition, recruitment, reproduction, natural and fishing mortality have not been developed. Adequate measurements of hydrographic conditions have not been made. It recommended that special emphasis be attached to the development of adequate sampling and analytical procedures of wide applicability in research on fishery problems of the Great Lakes. The Commission also stressed the importance of continuing the collection and tabulation of statistical information from commercial fishermen on landings, fishing intensity, and catch per unit effort, together with subsequent analyses. Continuing records on lamprey scarring rates were also desirable. In view of the increased catches of fish by anglers in certain areas of the Great Lakes, the Com- mission recommended the immediate development, testing, and establishment of procedures to obtain reliable estimates of the annual catch by sportsmen in areas where the recreational fishery made a significant contribution to the total fish production. 81 Attention was drawn to the, presence of several species in the Great Lakes in apparently large numbers, such as sheepshead, smelt and lake herring, which were not fully utilized. Greater production of these species has been aided by recently initiated marketing programmes. Technological assistance could make a substantial contribution to the Great Lakes fisheries by the development of more efficient and economical methods of capture, as well as the design of suitable equipment for handling and processing. Poor handling of fish in some areas impairs the quality. The Commission recommended technological and economic studies to further commercial utilization of underexploited species and to improve quality of all products . The preparation of a bibliography of literature pertinent to the Great Lakes fishery, which was begun in 1957 by the University of Toronto under contract with the Commission, was completed in 1959. The bibliography is prepared on cards and cross-indexed by author, subject and locality. Additional material will be added periodically. Sets have been placed at 14 research centres located strategically- in the Great Lakes area and one set provided for FAO in Rome, Italy.

North Pacific Fur Seal Commission The 1959 programme of the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission was reviewed at its third annual meeting, held in Moscow, U.S.S.R., from January 25 to 27, 1960. The Commission was established under the terms of the Interim Convention on Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals, which came into force in 1957. Member governments are those of the United States, Canada, Japan and the U.S.S.R. Each country was represented at the third annual meeting by a commissior er and advisers. The commissioners attending included Deputy Minister of Fisheries George R. Clark for Canada, Mr. Tomonosuke Shiomi for Japan, Mr. Alexander Ishkov for the U.S.S.R. and Mr. Arnie J. Suomela for the United States. Dr. W. M. Sprules attended as alternate commissioner for Canada. Mr. Clark served as Chair- man and Mr. Shiomi as Vice Chairman. The Commission meeting was preceded by a week-long session of the fur seal scientists of all these countries. Particularly noted, in the review of the conduct of fur seal research programmes by each Government during 1959, was the favourable growth of the Robben Island and Commander Islands herds reported by the U.S.S.R. and the progress being made in the management of the Pribilof Islands herd by the United States. In 1957, the United States undertook a long-range programme planned to reduce the Pribilof herd to a level of maximum sustainable productivity. The 1959 research work revealed that young tagged seals from the Pribilof Islands appear in considerable numbers on the Commander Islands and .Robben Island. Plans for research in 1960 were approved. Investigations at sea were to begin early in February on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. Studies at the rookeries would begin in the early summer when the seals would arrive at the islands at the end of their annual migrations to the breeding grounds. Under the provisions of the Interim Convention, commercial harvesting of seals at sea is prohibited. All harvesting is done on the breeding grounds under

82 the control of the United States on the Pribilof Islands, and under the control of the Soviet Government on Robben Island and the Commander Islands. Canada's share of the profits from the sale of northern fur seals sold in 1959 amounted to $526,823.49. Mr. Shiomi was elected Chairman of the Commission to serve through the next annual meeting, and Mr. Ishkov was elected Vice Chairman. It was agreed that the next annual meeting would be held in Tokyo, Japan, beginning January 30, 1961. International Whaling Commission The International Whaling Commission is charged with the responsibility of safeguarding the whale stocks of the world. Canada is one of 17 countries which are signatory to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, under the terms of which the Commission recommends catch quotas, closed seasons, minimum size limits and methods of catching whales. The recommendations are made to all contracting governments. The 11th annual meeting of the Commission was held in London, England, from June 22 to July 1, 1959, with Mr. R. G. R. Wall, of the United Kingdom, as chairman, and Mr. G. R. Clark, Deputy Minister of Fisheries of Canada, as vice chairman. At the meeting the Commission decided that there should be no change in the maximum catch limit for whales during the antarctic season 1959-60, which stood at 15,000 blue whale units. (A blue whale unit is one blue whale or two and one-half humpback whales or six sei whales.) It was recommended that blue whales in the North Atlantic should remain under complete protection for another five years. Humane methods of killing whales were discussed, and the Commission agreed that a subcommittee should be set up to consider present methods of killing with a view to recommending improvements and possibly to develop new methods. The countries represented at the meeting by Commissioners were Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Union of South Africa, Sweden, the U.S.S.R., the United Kingdom, and the U.S.A. (Other member countries are Brazil and Panama.) In addition there were observers from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Argentina, and Portugal. The Commission was informed on June 30 that Norway and the Netherlands had decided to withdraw from the Convention. However, both these countries agreed to respect all the Commission's regulations except its catch limit and, in the case of the Netherlands, the duration of the whaling session.

83 SPECIAL COMMITTEES Federal-Provincial Committee for Ontario Fisheries HE NAlvIE of the Federal-Provincial Great Lakes Fisheries Co-ordinating TCommittee was changed at the annual meeting in Toronto on May 23, 1959, to the Federal-Provincial Committee for Ontario Fisheries, because of extended terms of reference which include all fisheries matters within the province of Ontario of mutual interest to federal and provincial agencies. The co-ordinating committee had developed much research on the Great Lakes in connection with the lamprey control programme which has since become the responsibility of the international Great Lakes Fishery Commission, but it was realized that there were areas in Ontario, other than the Great Lakes, whkh were of mutual interest, as well as matters other than scientific investigation, in which the federal Department of Fisheries and the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests had a mutual interest. The Committee was retained as constituted, the federal representatives being Mr. G. R. Clark, chairman; Dr. J. L. Kask, Dr. A. L. Pritchard and Dr. W. M. Sprules, and the provincial representatives Mr. F. A. MacDougall, Dr. W. J. K. Harkness, Mr. R. N. Johnston and Dr. F. E. J. Fry. The terms of reference divide the responsibilities assumed by the federal and provincial governments. Lake co-ordinators appointed by the committee are re, sponsible for the development and co-ordination of practical programmes of research suited to the needs of individual lakes, care being taken to see that these programmes are in harmony with those of other Canadian and United States agencies. At the 1959 meeting it was decided that a sampling programme for Lake Superior should be undertaken, and data collected on all important species of fish taken commercially. It was also decided that experimental fishing should be carried out to determine the survival and movernent of planted lake trout in Lake Superior. Plans were made for standardizing methods used in all fisheries research programmes in the Great Lakes. It was also agreed that efforts should be made to familiarize Canadian fishermen in all Great Lakes regions with the progress made in gear development studies. The committee also heard a report of a preliminary survey made in connection with a proposed economic study of the Great Lakes Fisheries It was decided to hold the 1960 annual meeting in Ottawa. Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fishenes Committee The purpose of the Federal-Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee, formed in 1958, is to review and consult on matters of common interest to the gove rnments of Canada and the five Atlantic provinces, and to co-ordinate efforts for programmes of assistance to the fishing industry. The main committee is made up of federal and provincial Deputy Ministers, with sub-committees composed of senior officials.

84 At the first annual meeting, held in Ottawa in May, 1959, reports were submitted by the Atlantic Salmon and Trout, Oyster, and Vessel and Gear Sections. In November, at an interim meeting held in Quebec City, the main Committee decided that increased emphasis should be 'placed on development and demonstration of vessels and gear. Recommendations by the Vessel and Gear Section included preliminary steps for the design of new inshore and offshore vessels, incorporating studies into the relative costs and efficiency of various types of metal and wooden hulls. Increased experimentation with other types of catching gear, including equipment used in other parts of Canada as well as in other countries, was also ), cl recommended. o

cl h THE FISHING INDUSTRY HE FISHING industry of Canada is in reality a group of industries, each of Twhich is subject to influences more or less peculiar to itself: influences related to the biology of the resources utilized, to the industrial structure, e.g., the role of large-scale enterprise, and to the nature of demand for the product. Generalization about the Canadian fisheries, therefore, is of limited usefulness. To obtain a corn, prehensive view of developments, it is necessary to consider the important fisheries of each region separately. Overall, 1959 was a satisfactory year. For their total landings of somewha: over 2,000 million pounds, the 75,000 fishermen in Canada received $108.7 million. That was nearly 10 per cent less than the figure for 1958—which was the highes,: yet recorded—but five per cent above the annual average for the five-year period ending in 1959. The value of the products of the Canadian fishing industry in 1959 was not available when this report was written but it probably totalled about $210.0 million. Exports of fishery products during the year were valued at $147.8 million, as compared with $155.0 million in 1958—which, however, also represented a record in this respect. Of the total, 67 per cent went to the United States, 19 pe: cent to European countries and most of the remainder to countries in the Caribbean area. The drop from the preceding year is attributable largely to reduced sales cf canned salmon in the United Kingdom. Imports of fishery products, at $16.3 million, were down slightly from 1958, due mainly to the cessation of purchases of canned salmon from Japan (to supplement Canadian production). The Pacific Coast Fisheries The results of the past season in the fisheries of British Columbia were disap , pointing. This had been anticipated, foi. the low point in the quadrennial cycle cf sockeye salmon runs to the Fraser river occurred in 1959. As it turned out, the Chilko and late Adams River runs actually were larger than expected and the sockey: catch, while only a fraction (24 per cent) of that of the previous season, exceeded early forecasts. The outcome of the salmon fishery, particularly with reference to the division of the catch from the Fraser River runs between Canada' and the United Statei,, was affected by the strike of Canadian purseseine and gillnet fishermen, tenderrnen. and cannery workers which began on July 29 and tied up the industry along th?, British Columbia coast until August 10, when operations were resumed following negotiation of a two-year contract embracing raw-fish prices and other issues Ix/ tween the United Fishermen and Allied Workers' Union and the Fisheries Asso- ciation of British Columbia (representing fish buyers). The total pack of canned salmon, major indicator of success in the British Columbia fisheries, was slightly less than 1.1 million (48 lb.) cases in 1959, as

86 A late afternoon sun silhouettes fishermen using dipiets to catch caplin in the surf of a Newfoundland beach.

,:ompared with 1.9 million cases the year before. The drop resulted chiefly from reduction of the sockeye pack, which was down to a quarter of a million cases from somewhat over a million cases in 1958. A comparatively small chum pack was offset by an unusually large pack of coho salmon—the pack of pink salmon being unchanged as between 1958 and 1959. A strong market and high prices were reported throughout the season, not only for canned salmon but for frozen salmon products as well—the situation doubt- lessly being influenced on the supply side by the utilization of a large proportion of the coho catch for canning. The rise in prices was insufficient to compensate for the short-fall in the sockeye fishery, however; not only was the production of the primary salmon fisheries in 1959 almost 45 per cent below that of 1958 in value, it was also slightly below the average for the last five years. The salmon fisheries dominate the scene in British Columbia to a far greater extent than does any separate or closely associated group of fisheries in the other regions of Canada. In 1958, the top year so far in the history of the B.C. fisheries, the salmon catch yielded 70 per cent of the total value of fish landings in the province and even in 1959 the figure was nearly 60 per cent. It is impossible, therefore, to recoup the "losses- of a poor salmon season from the results of the other major fisheries, i.e., those for herring and halibut. 87 A productive season was forecast for the 1959-60 winter herring fishery in British Columbia, and, from the start in early October until the Christmas layover, when normally about 75 per cent of the total for the season would have been landed, catches were running about 10 per cent above those of the same period in 1958. Following the layover, however, as a result of declining prices for the products of the fishery, operations were brought virtually to a halt. The decline in prices, particularly in the price of fish meal, is attributable mainly to the appearance on the market of low-cost supplies from Peru, potentially a very rich source of supply of this commodity. The 1959 catch in the British Columbia halibut fishery was only a little larger than that of the previous year—which was, however, the best year up to then- and prices were slightly lower. These several developments combined to bring about a net decrease of about one-third in the total value of landings in the fisheries of British Columbia, i.e., from $52.5 million in 1958 to $36.1 million in 1959. On the other hand, the deviation from the annual average for the five-year-period, 1955-59, viz. $36.7 million, was almost negligible. At the same time, progress was being made in research and its application and instances of innovation and expansion are reported in both the primary and secondary phases of the industry.

The Lake Fisheries Discussion of the Canadian freshwater fisheries is made difficult by a paucity of data and by the vast extent of the area included, which stretches from Great Slave Lake to the St. Lawrence River. Within this territory, more than 600 lakes are fished commercially. This applies not only to the fisheries as a whole, but in large degree also to those for the major species such as whitefish, pickerel (pike- perch) and gray trout. Price differentials , for example, related to location, quality and other factors, are much greater than they are in any of the sea fisheries. Depend- ence on export markets is also greater—about 90 per cent of the total production is exported—although in this respect, the situation of the Atlantic groundfish fisheries is closely comparable. On some lakes there are distinct summer and winter fisheries but, for the region as a whole, these tend to merge one into the other. In the spring of 1959, an unusually late break-up delayed the start of the summer fishery on most lakes until the middle of June. Catches thereafter until operations ceased, in the early part of October generally, were reported to be better than average everywhere excepting Ontario where a drop in the catch of pickerel and in the price of perch- reduced the total value of landings quite seriously as compared with recent years. Demand for the products of the lake fisheries was weak throughout the summer, as it normally is, and large quantities were filleted and frozen for future sale. Winter fishing operations got underway toward the end of November, reports on the success of which were incomplete as this was being written. A declining trend in fishing intensity on Great Slave Lake, evident for several years past, con, the difficulty of recruiting crews for the arduous work tinued. It is attributed to involved and to other factors tending to raise production costs. On the other hand,

88 Fishing tugs berthed at a Great Lakes port. for the first time, an experimental winter fishery with dragnet gear (for smelt) was licensed on Lake Erie. In general, with rising prices at the turn of the year, the total value of production at the primary level close to the recent annual average of approximately $13.5 million could be estimated with sufficient confidence. The information available on operations in sub-areas and on individual lakes is inadequate for detailed estimation. A provincial breakdown is shown in the accompanying table. The fisheries for certain of the important species like whitefish and yellow pickerel appear to be relatively stable. Others like the trout fishery have been seriously affected by environmental changes, e.g., in Lake Winnipeg and the Great Lakes, which may not be capable of reversal. The Atlantic Coast Fisheries The most important fishery in the Atlantic provinces is based on the groundfish resources in the waters adjacent to this region. There are two sub-divisions: an offshore or deep-sea fishery and an inshore fishery. Operations in the first of these are carried on throughout the year while in the second they extend at the most from the first of May to the end of November. In 1959, ice floes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and around the Newfoundland coast prevented activity in the inshore fisheries until the beginning of June. Fro:n the middle of June until the end of August,

89 there was a good trap fishery (for cod) in Newfoundland. Draggers operating in the Gulf and the deep-sea vessels fishing out of ports in Nova Scotia and Newfound- land also had a successful season. On the other hand, the small line-fishing boats had a poor year, particularly along the Gaspe coast and elsewhere in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. A fortunate conjunction of factors, including very low inventories at the start of the marketing year and relaxation of certain trade restrictions abroad, resulted in a rise in both the production and price of salt codfish in 1959. Only a slight increase occurred in the output of the light-salted cure but the output of heavy-salted fish, chiefly in Newfoundland, was about 80 per cent higher than in the preceding year and close to the figure for 1957. For the first time, more than half (actually about 60 per cent) of the salt-fish production of Newfoundland was in the heavy-salted form. The production of frozen groundfish—principally fillets, blocks, etc.—was also considerably greater in 1959 than the year before. The U.S. market, however. where 85 per cent of the production is sold, showed signs of serious weakness from the outset of the season onwards. Inventories—of codfish products, that is; other species were not affected—backed up to a precarious height through the summer and fall and a downward pressure was exerted on prices at all stages of the trade. These developments have been associated with an increase in United States imports from Iceland and other European countries, but the causal relationships involved are obscure. There is evidence that total supplies have tended to exceed export requirements over the past 10 or 15 years and that this has acted as a continuous depressant on the market. The regulated seasons for the lobster fishery, only slightly less important than the fishery for groundfish on the Atlantic coast, are "staggered" through the 12 calendar months. There is a lengthy hiatus during the late winter and early spring months, however, due to weather conditions, and a shorter hiatus in mid- summer. As in the case of other inshore fishing operations in 1959, the lobster fishery was late in starting but was reported as generally productive throughout the summer and fall, with prices somewhat higher than the year before. At the end of the year, despite heavy gear losses and some decline in prices, the early winter season was considered to have been the best for many years. The results of the Atlantic herring fishery in 1959 were uneven. Newfoundland had the poorest season since 1934 and, except for a short period in the spring, it was also a failure in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The fishery in the Bay of Fundy, however, was consistently good throughout the season and the canned sardine pack was reported to be well in excess of that of the previous year. With the exception of fish meal, herring products were unaffected by significant price changes. The minor fisheries of the Atlantic coast, especially those of Nova Scotia, are somewhat more diversified than in the other regions of Canada. In the case of two of these, swordfishing and scallop-dragging, record-breaking catches were obtained in 1959. Although the heavy supply produced a slump in prices, the results on the whole were considered to have offset, in part, failures elsewhere.

90 Altogether, in ternis of the total value of landings, 1959 was the most successful year in the long history of the fisheries in the Atlantic provinces. According to preliminary reports, landings were valued at $58.5 million, which is almost 15 per cent- higher than the figure for the preceding year and 10 per cent above the average for the five years, 1955-59. Details by species and provinces will be found in the table. Extensive additions to processing capacity and to floating equipment were also reported during the year. In destruction of life and property however, including the loss with all hands of a deep-sea dragger out of Grand Bank and the drowning of 35 men of the salmon-fishing fleet in Northumberland Strait, 1959 was the most disastrous year on the Atlantic coast since 1927. STATISTICS OF THE FISHERIES Fish and Shellfish-Landings and Landed Value, 1959 (Principal Species)

Landings Landed Value

'000 lb. $'000 Pacific Coast Salmon 105,679 20,503 Herring 414,031 7,355 Halibut 30,795 5,832 Soles and Flounders 5,194 295 Ling Cod 4,224 390 Sablefish 587 88 Grey Cod 7,104 369 Crabs 4,324 438

Maritimes and Quebec Lobster 41,804 16,056 Cod 227,036 7,422 Herring(1) 220,445 3,186 Haddock 83,940 4,297 Mackerel 9,309 596 Halibut 5,915 1,603 Small Flatfishes 59,764 1,972 Salmon 1,599 791 Redfish 26,261 682

Newfoundland

Cod • 415,208 9,688 Lobster 3,746 1,223 Haddock 28,003 • 669 Flounder and Greysole 32,979 951 Salmon 2,343 656 Redfish 14,757 306 Herring 15,404 203

(l) Including sardines.

92 Fish and Shellfish—Landings and Value by Provinces and Areas, 1959

Landings(') Landed Value(2)

'000 lb. $'000

SEA FISHERIES-TOTAL 1,948,263 94,608

Atlantic Coast—TOTAL 1,330,615(3) 58,526(3)

Nova Scotia 423,663(3) 27,090(3) Newfoundland 534,789(3) 14,529(3) New Brunswick 222,801(3) 8,638(3) Quebec 107,328e) 3,982(3) Prince Edward Island 42,034e) 4,287(3) Pacific Coast—TOTAL 617,648 36,082

FREShWATER FISHERIES CO-TOTAL 115,000 13,500

Ontario 49,700 6,900 Manitoba 31,000 3,500 Saskatchewan 12,000 1,000 Alberta 11,000 800 Northwest Territories 5,600 700 Quebec 2,000 500 New Brunswick 3,700 100

GRA ND TOTAL 2,063,263 108,108

(0 Excluding livers, seals, whales, etc. (2)Including all fishery products. (3)Preliminary figures. (4)Estimated figures.

Fish and Shellfish—Exports by Types of Products, 1959

Quantity Value

lb.

Fresh and Frozen Fish, whole or dressed 158,024,800 33,150,949 Fresh and Frozen Fillets 133,675,400 33,371,636 Smoked Fish 8,617,500 1,427,407 Pickled Fish 20,112,900 2,637 671 Salted and Dried Fish 106,936,700 17,726,076 Canned Fish 46,903,200 25,981,881 Molluscs and Crustaceans (fresh & canned) 28,211,600 21,230,550 Fish Oils (gallons) 3,705,854 2,356,015 Miscellaneous 9,933,360

Total 147,815,545

Number of Fishermen in Canada by Areas, 1958

SEA FISHERIES 62 , 815 British Columbia 15,263 Maritimes and Quebec 29,188 Newfoundland 18,364

FRESHWATER FISHERIES 20,650

Total 83465

Value of Fishing Craft and Gear in Canada by Areas, 1958

SEA FISHERIES 103,110,000 British Columbia . 51,430,000 Maritimes and Quebec 36,035,000 Newfoundland 15,645,000

FRESHWATER FISHERIES (L)11, 342,000

Total - 114,452,000

(1) Excludes Alberta. 94 19 16 )7 APPENDIX I F6 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS )1 1959-60 10 Page ,s )0 Comparative Summary of Expenditures II

15 of Revenues Comparative Summary III Protection and Inspection Services: Newfoundland Area III Maritimes Area IV Maritimes—Patrol V 5 Central Area VI i3 8 Pacific Area VII )4 Pacific—Patrol VIII Summary IX Fish Culture Development X Fisheries Research Board of Canada—Operation and Maintenance XII Bait Service—Newfoundland XIII Fishing Bounty XIV Distribution of Expenditure by Provinces XVI Distribution of Revenue by Provinces XVII

o 0

COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURE

Increase or Appropriation 1959-60 1958-59 Decrease--

Minister's Salary and Motor Car Allowance 17,000.00 17,000.00 GENERAL SERVICES Departmental Administration 372,447.78 363,570.65 8,877.13 Information and Educational Service 163,605.31 176,408.45 —12,803.14 Economics Service 315,210.62 296,028.96 19,181.66 Industrial Development Service 1,086,877.48 512,662.91 574,214.57 Fishing ]Bounty 159,999.70 159,821.10 178.60 FIELD SERVICES Field Services Administration 769,215.51 742,879.30 26,336.21 Conservation and Development Service- Operation and Maintenance 5,509,786.03 5,072,047.09 437,738.94 Land, Buildings and Equipment 1,819,751.25 652,109.82 1,167,641.43 Inspection and Consumer Branch 1,787,630.65 1,529,371.07 258,259.58 Fishermen's Indemnity Plan— Administration 213,888.94 203,057.13 10,831.81 SPECIAL Canadian share of Expenses of the Commissions 781,703.44 787,491.52 --5,788.08 Newfoundland Bait Service 505,903.28 632,249.34 —126,346.06 Educational Work Among Fishermen . 88,830.40 86,966.40 1,864.00 Fisheries Prices Support Act— Administration 51,840.07 61,777.72 --9,937.65 Assistance to Producers of Salted Fish 600,000.00 735,538.30 --135,538.30 Assistance in Construction of Vessels Of the Dragger or Long Liner Type 474,511.95 349,633.35 124,878.60 Assistance in Construction of Bait Freez- irg and Storage Facilities 23,275.00 23,275.00 Recoup Lobster Trap Indemnity Account- as at Alarch 31,1959 70,790.00 70,790.00 Destruction of Dogfish and other Predators 144,371.75 67,372.04 76,999.71 Recoup Lobster Trap Indemnity Ac - count and Fishing Vessel Indemnity Account for the fiscal year 1959-60. . 87,310.00 • 87,310.09 Munds of Amounts Credited to Rev- enue in Previous Year 1,100.00 1,100.00 Li Contributions towards building for, __ ....St Fisheries Exhibition, Lunenburg, 19,480.19 19,480.19 FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD B( R; Headquarters Administration 159,940.01 175,385.81 15,445.80 Fi Operation and Maintenance 3,751,797.45 3,430,173.13 321,624.32 Fi Lunt Buildings and Equipment 924,127.55 1,435,450.78 —511,323.23

Totals 19,880,914.17 17,506,475.06 2,374,439.11

COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF REVENUES

Increase or 1959-60 1958-59 Decrease- $ $ $ :eturn on Investments- Profit on sale of Northern Fur Seal Skins. 526,823.49 391,637.03 135,186.46 Miscellaneous 67.82 273.44 — 205.62 526,891.31 391,910.47 134,980.84 'rivileges, Licenses and Permits 106,986.99 109,582.60 — 2,595.61 'roceeds from Sales 74,489.30 85,317.20 — 10,827.90 ervice and Service Fees 69,042.22 33,780.39 35,261.83 efund of Previous Years' Expenditure 13,147.57 118,675.16 —105,527.59 liscellaneous 41,776.27 53,073.43 — 11,297.16 Totals 832,333.66 792,339.25 39,994.41 PROTECTION AND INSPECTION SERVICES DISTRIBUTION ON EXPENDITURES BY PROVINCES AND ESTABLISHMENTS Newfoundland Area

Particulars Permanent Temporary Other Total Salaries Assistance Expenditure

$ $ $ $ Protection and Inspection— Inspection Officers 236,408.65 4,020.00 42,171.20 282,599.85 Protection Officers 30,409.99 13,825.72 44,235.71 Wardens 60,155.12 21,031.98 19,816.15 101,003.25 Guardians 93,848.00 8,646.75 102,494.75 Departmental Boats- Badger Bay 5,922.00 2,431.08 5,154.11 13,507.19 Pecten 501.45 501.45 Crago 166.05 166.05 Sabinea 318.95 318.95 Cinderella 7,242.00 1,140.00 5,699.99 14,081.99 Louise Ruth 4,344.00 1,140.00 3,684.49 9,168.49 Lomond 763.93 763.93 Eastern Explorer 12,581.01 7,116.45 12,461.74 32,159.20 Point May 7,152.29 3,569.70 10,721.99 Porella 5,947.50 1,896.69 7,514.12 15,358.31 Nebalia 7,463.30 1,067.86 6,897.17 15,428.33 Aurelio 5,922.00 2,034.38 10,045.36 18,001.74 Boltenia 6,497.00 2,181.42 7,290.23 15,968.65 Belle Bay (Floating Laboratory) 6,062.90 3,444.06 8,688.29 18,195.25 Little Bay Islands—Office- Reside .80 .80 St. Anthony—Office--Resi-il ce deuce 2,731.32 2,731.32 Bona vista—Office—Residence 18,084.26 18,084.26 Ramea—Office--Residence. 21,967.77 21,967.77 Fish Inspection Laboratory... 50,806.90 9,288.18 60,095.08 Fisheries Area Office 18,139.46 1,799.21 19,938.67 Miscellaneous 31,336.76 31,336.76 Totals 465.054.12 141.351.92 242,423.70 848,829.74

Maritimes Area

OFFICERS WARDENS GUARDIANS MISCELLANEOUS TOTAL Permanent Other Permanent Temporary Other Temporar Other Permanent Temporary Other Salaries Expenditure Salaries Assistance Expenditure Assistance Expenditure Salaries Assistance Expenditure $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ NOVA SCOTIA- Inspection Branch—District No. I.... 107,375.33 17,954.34 2,885.75 128,215.42 District No. 2.... 76,170.00 21,517.91 2,246.37 99,934.28 Protection Branch—District No. 1.... 41,688.18 15,488.29 11,414.58 15,499.74 9,131.96 7,419.16 159.90 2,124.70 102,926.51 District No. 2.... 88,462.72 27,170.88 12,369.61 23,247.78 11,212.01 18,301.74 202.58 4,110.57 185,077.89 District No. 3.... 37,237.50 11,055.10 12,819.57 20,510.74 8,560.25 19,138.49 664.42 5,920.90 115,906.97 District No. 4.... 41,955.00 14,045.59 2,997.95 6,614.76 4,125.05 12,163.36 212.95 2,748.28 84,862.94 Fish Inspection Laboratory—Halifax 82,530.16 2,292.02 24,536.20 109,358.38 Miscellaneous 11,445.00 2,550.00 '13,995.00

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND-- ■ Inspection Branch—District No. 4B.. 49,879.41 7,197.07 57,076.48 Protection Branch—District No. 9.... 51,107.14 18,494.52 10,896.98 4,177.86 4,127.28 929.63 446.45 90,179.86 Fish Inspection Laboratory- Charlottetown 10,755.00 9,622.05 20,377.05 Miscellaneous 13,615.94 13,615.94 NEW BRUNSWICK— Inspection Branch—District No. 3.... 29,910.00 5,452.85 741.92 36,104.77 District No. 4A.. 41,482.50 21,148.71 988.00 3,664.94 67,284.15 Protection 13ranch—District No. 5.... 18,814.05 7,687.76 7,029.13 8,144.05 2,876.11 6,191.46 76.20 1,929.65 52,748.41 District No. 6.... 37,942.50 10,355.46 18,751.29 19,507.09 5,643.54 22,268.26 1,134.16 3,159.19 118,761.49 District No. 7.... 62,709.78 18,277.74 23,704.45 23,978.90 6,992.71 13,140.84 540.90 7,616.44 156,961.76 District No. 8.... 33,367.50 9,862.55 1,209.13 16,989.56 5,209.12 5,313.62 67.86 3,514.35 75,533.69 Fish Inspection Laboratory—Shediac.. 16,872.73 1.967.28 8,613.47 27,453.48 Fish Inspection Laboratory- St. Andrews 29,235.00 1,776.36 31,011.36 Miscellaneous 2,217 30 2,217.30 EAST-- Fisheries Area Office 30,832.50 42,442.26 73,274.76 IVIiscellaneous 12,765.51 12,765.51 718,101.61 205,708.77 101.192.69 138,670.48 57,878.03 104,866.56 3,505.42 181,670.39 5,247.30 158,802.15 1,675,643.40

EIMEMBECIMIE11111111111

Maritimes—Patrol _

Permanent Temporary Particulars Other Total Salaries Assistance Expenditure — $ $ $ $ NOVA SCOTIA- Cratena 10,902.83 5,832.00 10,047.59 26,782.42 Marcia 6,380.30 3,039.64 5,182.05 14,601.99 Lintanda 13,126.17 3,370.16 12,636.60 29,132.93 Lacuna 8,101.23 8,265.42 12,178.41 28,545.06 Sabella 4,779.60 8,936.69 12,732.23 26,448.52 liyall 2,789.28 2,621.28 2,752.86 8,163.42 1lfodio/usH 8,115.84 4,432.93 12,548.77 Serpu/a, 8,115.84 4,579.69 12,695.53 ScatariLight 6,028.75 2,919.88 8,948.63 Chartered Boats 1,818.00 1,053.32 2,871.32

PRINCE aMVARD ISLAND- Obetia 4,076.57 2,656.88 3,724.71 10,458.16 Diala 5,077.88 3,060.27 8,138.15 YorkeiWnt 2,732.76 1,349.03 4,081.79 Fabia 5,258.95 4,587.65 9,846.60 Acartia 5,786.72 3,466.07 9,252.79 Friel-Light 8,143.13 4,262.90 12,406.03 CharteredBoats 15,426.08 9,245.28 24,671.36

NEW BRUNSWICK-- Rossia 5,863.29 3,969.09 9,832.38 Ilea 4,559.34 1,179.00 4,291.70 10,030.04 Tegula. 2,690.88 5,394.37 5,526.60 13,611.85 Alosu 9,253.86 7,399.96 14,813.42 31,467.24 °smelts 7,427.44 2,244.14 4,817.13 14,488.71 Cardüa 2,997.74 5,086.26 5,614.64 13,698.64 Paphia 1,843.81 6,251.32 5,056.55 13,151.68 Cumella 10,638.72 10,549.01 17,528.10 38,715.83 e7.,peria 2,138.56 3,724.99 3,461.59 9,325.14 NegnacLight 5,499.49 3,861.21 9,360.70 GuilLight 8,811.96 3,432.57 12,244.53

EAST-- Lamm 43,465.24 55,820.31 47,317.88 146,603.43 Cygnus 4,815.49 3,642.34 18,237.92 26,695.75

Totals 165,030.70. 197,648.82 236,139.87 598,819.39 _

Central Area

OFFICERS GUARDIANS GENERAL, • Permanent -Other Temporary Other Permanent Temporary Other TOTAL Salaries Expenditure Assistance Expenditure Salaries Assistance Expenditure

$ - $ $ Quebec 2,688.49 5,877.15 8,565.64 District No. 1 49,117.50 16,100.32 1,982.46 67,200.28 Chartered Boats 2,335,73 2,335.73 District No. 2 ' 42,480.00 12,976.47 458.94 55,915.41 District No. 3 25,380:00' 7,819.42 355.24 33,554.66 Grindstone—Office—Residence 8.05 8.05 Fish Inspection Laboratory—Quebec 2,966.90 40,215.25 43,182.15 Ontario 70,295.00 8;429.65 12,633.57 91,358.22 < Fish Inspection Laboratory—Toronto 7,631.14 1,579.26 9,210.40 Manitoba 38,880.00 5,437.85 31,212,86 75,530.71 Fish Inspection Laboratory—Winnipeg 16,109.21 9,329.61 25,438.82 Saskatchewan 12,990.00 10,243.56 4,492,18 27,725.74 Alberta 12,990.00 1,865.76 1,528.35 16,384.11 Yukon Territory 4,687.50 6,457.89 639.17 11,784.56 Northwest Territories 32,182.16 14,707.35 8.829.93 3.111.21 27,460.58 86,291.23 Office Building 1,156,22 1,156.22 Staff House 3,016.29 7,818.69 10,834.98 Supervisors Residence 3,244.84 3,244.84 Garage 759.20 3,243.20 3,967.07 7,969.47 Housing Units 20,959.85 20,959.85 Patrol Boat "Marifa" 844.79 844.79 Patrol Boat "Mareca" 7,220.92 7,220.92 Miscellaneous 2,326.39 2,326.39

1289,002,16 86,726.76 8.829.93 3,111.21 21,466,45 6.259.49 187,647.17 609,043.17 1289,002.16 1 86,726.76 I 8.8 2 ....MC I

Pacific Area

' OFFICERS GUARDIANS MISCELLANEOUS

TOTAL Permanent Other Unaporary Other Permanent Teinporary Other Salaries Expendâure Assistance Expenditure Salaries Assistance Expendâure

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ BRITISH COLUMBIA— District No. 1 45,146.64 18,455.45 10,068.64 4,964.13 5,471.69 84,106.55 District No. 2 70,712.55 48,242.15 41,854.44 8,585.03 14,092.28 183,486.45 Queen Charlotte City—Office—Residence 1,058.68 1,058.68 Bella Bella—Office—Residence ' 1,362.28 1,362.28 Bella Coola—Office—Residence 1,548.97 1,548.97 Massett—Office—Resi den ce 1,204.32 1,204.32 Ocean Falls—Office—Residence 18.90 18.90 Rivers Inlet—Office—Residence 2,593.61 2,593.61 Sandspit—Office—Residence 1,233.61 1,233.61 District No. 3 86,707.42 58,497.72 13,560.98 2,146.99 6,590.14 167,503.25 Quatsino—Office—Residence 2,318.69 2,318.69 Campbell River—Office—Residence 972.45 972.45 Alert Bay—Office—Residence 749.19 749.19 Pender Harbour—Office—Residence 696.84 696.84 Kuyquot—Office—Residence 348.87 348.87 Tofino—Office—Residence 798.41 798.41 Westview—Office—Residence 717.23 717.23 Fisheries Area Office 17,092.50 1,211.78 18,304.28 Fisheries Station—Prince Rupert 12,410.65 3,599.20 4,235.77 20,245.62 Fisheries Station—New Westminster 45,517.95 6,298.95 22,642.36 74,459.26

Fish Inspection Laboratory=Vancouver 81,962.70 • 42,863.60 124,826.30 Miscellaneous 20,903.46 20,903.46

202,566.61 125,195.32 65,484.06 15,696.15 156,983.80 9,898.15 133,633.13 709,457.22

Pacific—Patrol

Particulars Permanent Temporary Other Total Salaries Assistance Expenditure $ s $ $ BRITISH COLUMBIA- General floway 40,081.74 32,948.74 153,129.18 226,159.66 Kitimat 33,447.32 14,530.32 26,613.03 74,590.67 Laurier 46,535.55 25,506.91 43,566.35 115,608.81

DISTRICT No. 1-- Cavia 12,076.83 4,847.24 16,924.07 Chilco Post 22,168.46 3,731.73 11,170.72 37,070.91 Diaphus 10,071.73 2,766.12 12,837.85 Swantail II 11,435.06 1,874.16 13,309.22 Rissa 8,563.71 1,670.00 3,505.86 13,739.57 Ardea 688.08 1,318.56 1,051.38 3,058.02 Tackla Rock 220.81 220.81 Star Rock 10,274.19 399.00 3,267.90 13,941.09 Seal Rock 4,071.09 1,140.00 4,735.97 9,947.06

DISTRICT No. 2-- ArrowPost 17,463.39 4,581.53 9,448.43 31,493.35 l3abine I 1,338.20 194.66 368.52 1,901.38 Babine Post 17,751.83 4,630.46 7,850.92 30,233.21 Beldis 8,426.61 2,266.36 3,857.48 14,550.45 Bonila Rnck II 10,710.03 2,057.79 5,527.87 18,295.69 Clupea 7,119.22 4,721.20 182.84 12,023.26 EgretPlurne II 9,484.51 3,417.71 5,307.62 18,209.84 F.D. 202 9,321.23 2,781.07 12,102.30 bliŒdaPost 19,662.23 3,830.00 13,939.12 37,431.35 Onerka II 10,192.58 1,852.73 4,883.58 16,928.89 Sooke Post 15,258.83 3,666.95 12,880.22 31,806.00 Skeena 55.76 55.76 Agonus 14,757.20 4,849.32 19,606.52 Clavella 15,933.14 4,421.76 16,021.32 36,376.22 Branta 2,548.57 747.99 3,296.56 Sterna 4,947.07 2,762.52 2,544.06 10,253.65 North Rock 4,198.13 1,184.67 2,979.44 8,362.21 Falcon Rock 104.36 104.36 Chartered Boats 29,425.12 65,957.94 95,383.06

DISTRICT No. 3-- , Atlin Post 22,182.80 3,415.16 27,381.00 52,978.96 Black Raven II 10,693.57 4,407.50 5,342.65 20,443.72 Ccnnox Post 18,327.94 4,036.05 7,907.86 30,271.85 F.D. 102 5,497.05 2,324.98 7,822.03 F.E*. 201 5,460.51 3,276.25 8,736.76 Daphnia 6,401.87 91.71 4,517.74 11,011.32 Phcdus 3,069.07 7,695.83 10,764.90 Pursepa 8,086.68 2,712.75 3,287.66 14,087.09 Stuart Post 16,458.05 3,842.55 12,433.72 - 32,734.32 Atolla 4,303.97 6,630.71 10,934. 68 Ciona 4,845.23 2,669.91 7,515.14 Sarda 4,845.23 2,321.68 ' 7,166.91, Statistic 6,336.84 3,035.07 9,371.91 Brama 5,948.36 1,514.36 4,551.31 12,014.03 °metered Boats 65,487.65 47,048.34 112,535.99

Totals 490,983.70 235,766.45 557,461.29 1,284.211.44

VIII ■ cc-ci :76 '6"0 t.. 'se, t*".:, tr..-;. C5,.. 0, 14— C., ■ c;, tc-c 0, Cc sCD Cdt OD F-- G, s.0 C.rt GO VI c—• )

PROTECTION AND INSPECTION SERVICES SUMMARY

New- East Nova Prince Ne„ Central Saskat- British Northwest Yukon foundland General Scotia Edward Brunswick Quebec Ontario General Manitoba chewan Alberta Columbia Territories Terri- Total Island tories

- S s s S $ 6 $ S $ $ 6 $ S $ $ Newfoundland Area... 702,683.47 702,683.47 Newfoundland- Patrol 146,146.27 146,146.27 Maritimes Area 86,040.27 840,277.39 181,249.33 568,076.41 1,675,643.40 Maritimes—Patrol.. 173,299.18 170,738,59 8,854.88 175,926.74 598,819.39 Central Area 210,761.92 100,568.62 2,326.39 100,969.53 27,725.74 16,384.11 130,456.59 11,784.56 600,977.46 Central—Patrol 8,065.71 8,065.71 Pacific Area 709,457.22 709,457.22 Pacific--Patrol 1,284,211.44 1 284,211.44

Totals 848,829.74 259,339.45 1,011,015,98 260,104.21 744,003.15 210,761.92 100,568.62 2,326.39 100,969.53 27,725.74 16,384.11 1,993,668.66 138,522.30 11,784.56 5,726,004.36

FISH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT Expenditure by Provinces and Establishments

Establishment Permanent Temporary Other Total Salaries Assistance Expenditure $ $ $ $ NEWFOUNDLAND- NE Fisheries Area Office 24,607.88 5,477.73 6,186.18 36,271.79 Atlantic Salmon Programme F General 3,903.20 2,959.58 6,862.78 General 172.80 1,961.68 2,134.48 Total 24,607.88 9,553.73 11,107.44 45,269.05

NOVA SCOTIA-- Fish Culture Stations- Antigonish 23,115.00 3,254.40 31,415.42 57,784.82 Bedford 11,887.50 8,353.76 9,182.32 29,423.58 Cobequid 15,977.50 4,761.90 6,884.41 27,623.81 A: Coldbrook 4,020.00 4,219.21 7,794.78 16,033.99 Kejimkujik 10,237.50 1,956.60 9,012.53 21,206.63 Lindloff 13,333.45 7,658.20 11,381.34 32,372.99 Margaree 16,725.00 4,581.30 9,346.79 30,653.09 Margaree Retaining Pond and Collection 172.18 172.18 Middleton 13,509.68 3,712.56 17,222.24 848.90 1,249.40 River Philip Retaining Pond 400.50 Bi Sackville Retaining Pond. 790.70 28.91 819.61 Yarmouth 9,974.94 3,497.77 10,899.78 24,372.49 Grand Lake 9,834.94 2,751.30 5,836.47 18,422.71 Mersey 6,465.00 1,692.00 3,030.80 11,187.80 Biological and Engineering Projects- SI. Lake George 1,653.75 381.02 2,034.77 Randall Lakes 1,717.50 475.70 2,193.20 General 594.45 1,943.25 2,537.70 Atlantic Salmon Programme- Margaree River 279.00 2.94 281.94 Nictaux River. 44.85 44.85 St. Mary's River 1,443.60 944.97 2,388.57 EAs1 LaHave River 137.33 137.33 Bi General 1,232.49 1,232.49 Shellfish Culture- , sI Malagash Station 223.65 223. 65 Orangedale Station 3,945.00 172.86 4,117.86 General 12.00 12.00 Total 139,025.51 49,605.94 115,118.25 303,749.70 PRINCE FIWARD ISLAND-- Bu Fish Culture Stations- Kelly's Pond 2,957.99 5,065.77 8,023.76 ' Cardigan 5,125.16 4,253.70 7,031.59 16,410.45 Biological and Engineering G Projects- Simpson and Stevenson's Ponds 4,941.27 4,941.27 General 969.20 650.95 1,620.15 Shellfish Culture- Ellerslie Station 14,255.00 6,051.73 20,306.73 Ostrea Departmental Boat.. 353.87 353.87 General

Total 19,380.16 8,180.89 24,095.18 51,656.23

X FISH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT—Concluded Expenditure by Provinces and Establishments—Concluded

Establishment Permanent Temporary Other Total Salaries Assistance Expenditure 8 $ $ $ ;EW BRUNSWICK- Fish Culture Stations- Chamcook Collection Camp. 230.88 111.89 342.77 Florenceville 13,996.55 7,391.40 11,204.34 32,592.29 Grand Falls 7,920.00 7,553.66 7,843.67 23,317.33 Miramichi 18,112.50 5,509.48 10,371.43 33,993.41 Miramichi Retaining- Pond. 2,529.60 2,530.45 5,060.05 New Mills Retaining Pond.. 4,020.00 5,100.75 7,074.18 16,194.93 Saint John 14,633.08 15,009.29 27,755.03 57,397.40 Charlo '7,185.00 10,256.56 12,928.89 30,370.45 Haley Brook 5,473.11 3,255.44 3,571.34 12,299.89 Atlantic Salmon Programme— St. Croix River 57.31 57.31 St. John River 1,114.35 4,203.39 5,317.74 Tobique River and Tribu- taries 308.26 2,496.51 2,804.77 Great Salmon River 18.00 18.00 Rocky Brook 1.32 1.32 Miramichi River 952.00 1,739.22 2,691.22 General 114.00 736.76 850.76 Biological and Engineering Projects- Crecy Lake 2,625.20 2,625.20 Ritchie Lake 1,655.50 384.91 2,040.41 General 9,252.39 9,252.39 Shellfish Culture— Newcastle 1.22 1.22 Shippegan Station 4,997.50 2,026.62 7,024.12 General 1,190.00 360.41 1,550.41 , Total 77,527.74 63,606.37 104,669.28 245,803.39 :AST-- Biological and Engineering- General 50,127.39 1,635.80 38,030.19 89,793.38 Shellfish Culture- Ellerslie Headquarters 7,920.00 30,502.70 32,995.63 71,418.33 Atlantic Salmon Programme 242.25 4,059.17 4,301.42 Maritimes Area Office 53,056.28 2,087.38 55,143.66 Total 111,103.67 34,468.13 75,084.99 220,656.79 ■RITISH COLUMBIA— District No. 1 8,575.47 1,136.87 9,712.34 District No. 2 19,402.50 6,250.80 20,386.57 46,039.87 District No. 3 24,630.00 21,698.62 32,727.92 79,056.54 General 174,754.53 43,562.64 150,553.67 368,870.84 Total 218,787.03 80,087.53 204,805.03 503,679.59 Grand Total 590,431.99 245,502.59 534,880.17 1,370,814.75

XI 89633-2-8

FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA (Operation and Maintenance) Expenditure 1959,60

Particulars Gross Revenue and Net Expenditure *Recoverable Expenditure _ $ $ $ Administration—General 171,050.68 11,110.67 159,940.01 Biological Stations: St. John's Nfld 246,645.53 246,645.53 St. Andrews, N.B. (General Research)... 578,996.11 578,996.11 *St. Andrews, N.B. (International Passa- maquoddy Fisheries Board) 34,143.35 34,143.35 Montreal, Que. (Arctic) 177,090.89 177,090.89 London, Ont. (General Research) 144,612.70 144,612.70 fLondon, Ont. (Lamprey Control) 403,019.60 403,019.60 Nanaimo, B.0 962,945.73 962,945.73 Technological Stations: St. John's Nfld. (Unit) 13,797.82 13,797.82 Halifax, N.S 325,594.74 325,594.74 Grand River, Que 106,670.66 106,670.66 London, Ont. (Unit) 42,205.28 42,205.28 Vancouver, B.0 253,636.93 253,636.93 Oceanographic Groups: St. Andrews, N.B 88,951.81 88,951.81 Nanaimo, B.C. 190,971.93 190,971.93 Contracts for Research 7,600.00 7,600.00 Scholarships 24,780.00 24,780.00 Vessels: St. John's, Nfld.: "A. T. Cameron" . . . . 191,749.46 191,749.46 "Investigator II" 65,987.87 65,987.87 "Marinus" 34,319.78 34,319.78 "Parr" 8,726.28 8,726.28 St. Andrews, N.B.: "J. J. Cowie" 4,267.75 4,267.75 "Harengus" 63,626.29 63,626.29 "Mallotus" 7,019.56 7,019.56 "Pandalzts II" 15,327.68 15,327.68 London, Ont. (General Research) "Stenodus" 5,287.27 5,287.27 fLondon, Ont. (Lamprey Control) "Cottrus" 12,374.72 12,374.72 Arctic: "Calanus" 12,224.99 12,224.99 "Salvelinus" 1,812.59 1,812.59 Nanaimo, B.C. "Alla" 12,293.27 12,293.27 "Investigator I" 27,612.94 .... .. .. 27,612.94 "Noctiluca" 1,949.24 1,949.24 "A. P. Knight" 47,021.38 47021.38 Chartered: "Cape Blanco" 19,944.98 19,944.93 "Fort Ross" 34,153,04 34,153.04 "Key West II" 33,718.86 33,718.86 "Sea Pride II" 254.09 254.09

4,372,385.80 460,648.34 3,911,737.46

*Recovered from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission fRecovered from International Joint Commission for Research Passamaquoddy Bay Area. XII BAIT SERVICE NEWFOUNDLAND Receipts and Payments-1959-60

RECEIPTS: Sales of Bait $ 56,469.36 Storage and Other Service Charges 4,342.01 Refund of Previous Years' Expenditure 5,917.75

Total Receipts 66,729.12

PAYMENTS:

Operating Expenses: Purchase of Bait $ 66,940.58 Salaries and Wages 146,999.87 Allowances 10,589.28 Professional and Special Services 106.50 Travelling and Removal Expenses 6,805.33 Freight, Express and Cartage 2,957.56 Postage 250.00

Telephones and Telegrams 2,479.44

Office Stationery, Supplies and Equipment 642.51 Materials and Supplies 37,508.92

Repairs and Upkeep of Buildings, etc. 24,124.19 Rental of Buildings 3,190.00 Repairs and Upkeep of Equipment 16,973.02

Light, Heat and Power 6,217.30

Unemployment Insurance 607.47

Sundries 392.02 326,783.99

260,054.87

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES: Acquisition and Construction of Buildings 170,081.87

Acquisition of Equipment 9,037.42 179,119.29

Excess of payments over Receipts $439,174.16

XIII ,39633-2--81 FISHING BOUNTY PAYMENTS 1959-60

Province and Punount Total County Boats Men Vessels Tons MenPunount Amount $ $ $ NOVA SCOTIA— Annapolis 70 106 1,098.20 10 172 29 453.30 1,551.50 Antigonish 47 74 764.80 1 21 3 50.10 814.90 Cape Breton 142 216 2,237.20 62 1,910 297 4,790.90 7,028.10 Cumberland 7 17 171.90 4 53 10 150.00 321.90 Digby 122 178 1,848.60 80 1,187 184 2,971.80 .4,820.40 Guysboro 317 444 4,623.80 35 1,469 208 3,486.60 8,110.40 Halifax 391 584 6,055.80 47 2,055 399 3,925.30 11,981.10, Inverness 79 132 1,359.40 21 517 81 1,302.70 2,662.10 Bags 16 20 210.00 4 63 8 140.60 350.60 Lunenburg 341 380 4,027.00 40 2,206 531 7,356.70 11,383.70 Pictou 22. 38 390.60 390.60 Queens 103 165 1,703.50 24 460 63 1,071.10 2,774.60 Richmond 155 240 2,483.00 25 607 111 1,683.70 4,166.70 Shelburne 352 564 5,822.80 242 4,269 661 10,680.70 16,503.50 Victoria 112 165 1,712.50 7 128 12 244.40 1,956.90 Iriernouth 63 118 1,207.60 68 1,316 245 3,690.70 4,898.30 Total 2,339 3,441 35,716.70 670 16,433 2,842 43,998.60 79,715.30 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND- Kings 352 552 5,706.40 14 507 69 1,176.30 6,882.70 Prince 255 454 4,658.20 5 72 13 198.10 4,856.30 Queens 126 225 2,308.50 1 32 5 80.50 2,389.00 Total 733 1,231 12,673.10 20 611 87 1,454.90 14,128.00 NEW BRUNSWICK— Charlotte 65 107 1,102.90 85 1,625 253 4,079.10 5,182.00 Gloucester " S 427 797 8,157.90 102 2,793 '391 6,585.70 14,743.60 Kent 129 226 2,321.20 71 811 145 2,217.50 4,538.70 Northumberland 41 86 875.20 38 465 80 1,241.00 2,116.20

: ,.5-fiterfeeeeentriee4, Leetp‘,ifeke,-elee.esuite exeetet iodere;emeAtzirkyitm leaftigiogeesescriseatesbitametrageeeemileaseek.? etemefflieé. *ex. " . teffligmb~s0mweimermikttemeeleieb

Restigouche 3 7 70.90 70.90 Saint John 7 13 1,33.10 133.10 Westmorland 64 109 1,121.30 1,121.30 Total 736 1,345 13,782.50 296 5,694 869 14,123..30 27,905.80

QUEBEC- Bonaventure 153 247 2,548.90 27 442 96 1,373.20 3,922.10 Gaspe 583 885 9,166.90 92 1,696 354 5,129.80 14,296.70 Magdalen Islands 441 924 9,403.80 30 616 104 1,624.80 11,028.60 Matane 54 75 781.50 781.50 Saguenay 549 791 8,221.70 8,221.70 Total 1,780 2,922 30,122.80 149 2,754 554 8,127.80 38,250.60 5,588 8,939 92,295.10 25,492 67,704.60 159,999.70 Grand Total 1,135 4,352 «

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURa I 13

Newfound- East Nova Prince New General land General Scotia Edwa rd Bruns„ ick Island

$ $ $ $ $ $ Minister of Fisheries 17,000.00 .., Departmental Administration 372,447.78 .., Information and Educational Service.... 136,050.82 6,697.29 2,446.08 13,565.23 18.9 Economics Service 132,340.63 39,115.24 61,007.46 55.18 .. Industrial Development Service 159,118.45 877,437.83 7,879.44 377.96 . Fishing Bounty 79,715.30 14,128.00 27 ,905.06 Field Services Administration 313,703.07 122,598.00 14,850.00 9,219.32 21,795.51 Conservation and Development Service-- Operation and Maintenance 91,891.69 479,501.02 448,274.92 977,257.60 232,821.97 827,917.91 Construction or Acquisition 37.57 93,698.84 968,603.99 66,653.40 33,305.33 64,993,34 . Inspection and Consumer Service 75,755.31 412,280.07 38,692.15 337,508.08 78,938.47 161,858.9 Fishermen's Indemnity Plan Adminis- tration 15,796.62 65,275.32 18,715.45 27,360.67 5,825.03 9,621,9 3( Canadian share of expenses of the Inter- national Fisheries Commissions 442,731.47 • Newfoundland Bait Service 505,903.28 • Extension of Educational Works 36,021.03 3,967.57 11,711.9 Fisheries Prices Support Act— Administration 50,019.88 207.69 90.00 1,077.35 8.10 437.05 • Payment of Assistance to Producers of Salted Fish 414,193.45 110, 427.49 4 , 741 .57 25,038.9 4/ Assistance in Construction of Vessels. 34,013.10 136,174.50 28,937.70 110,335,9 Assistance in Construction of Bait Freezers 15,775.00 7,500.00 • Recoup Lobster Trap Indemnity Account as at March 31, 1959 70,790.00 • Destruction of dogfish and other predators ... .., • Recoup Lobster TraP Indemnity Ac- count and the Fishing Vessel Indem- nity for 1959-60 87,310.00 • Refunds of amounts credited to revenue in previous years • Fisheries Research Board of Canada- Headquarters Administration 159,940.01 , Operation and Maintenance 32,380.00 561,226.74 75,423.67 325,594.74 35,903.82 646,861.71 .97 Construction or Acquisition 15,851.62 3,996.13 20,539.17 3,757.46 503 ,141.1 _ 44 1,843,610.23 3,819,104.56 1,747,727.29 2,162,952.70 459,054.34 2,413,795.6! 81 _

DISTRIBUTION OF REVENUE

, Newfound- East Nova Prince New General land General Scotia Edward Brunswick Island $ $ $ s $ S Return on Investments 526,823.49 67.82 Privileges, Licenses and Permits 8,066.26 16,001.99 4,175.33 14,962:3 Proceeds from Sales 13.60 68,928.99 2,469.28 36.00 1,2988 Service and Service Fees 9,982.03 . Refund of Previous Years' Expenditure.. 13,147.57 ... Miscellaneous 2,528.45 2,027.90 5, 464. 05 3 , 846. 96 4,168.i 542,513.11 89,005.18 24,003.14 8,058.29 20,429,8 —

- Central Saskat- British Yukon Nkwthwest Quebec Ontario General Manitoba chewan Alberta Columbia Terri- Tend- Total k tory tories - 8 $ S S S $ S $ $ $

... 17,000.00 372,447.78 4,827.09 163,605.31 82,692.11 315,210.62 37,563.80 -. 4,500.00 1,086,877.48 38250.60 159,999.70 .81 6,190.7135,125.81 3,150.00 5,74 .51 23,125.38 208,197.30 11 ,254.67 769,215.51 622.35 442,75 M 1,233.51 2,367,427.26 13,468.91 68,926.07 5,509,786.03 583,444.04 3,781.02 6,133.67 1,819,751.25 M 211,7.64106,894.85 1,797.00106,462.57 27,725.7422,731.65 051 00 135,659.33 69,596.23 1,787,630.65 s 30,917.64 40,376.35 213,888.94

... 338,971.97 781,703.44 505,903.28 1 27,088.40 10,042.00 88,830.40

Ai 51,840.07 ji 42,579.25 600,000.00 s 165,051.15 474,511.95

.. 23,275.00 .. 70,790.00 ... 144,371.75 144,371.75

... 87,310.00 .0 1,100.00 1,100.00 . 159,940.01 297,799.13 124,198.97 27,167.27 1,584,502.39 40,739.01 3,751,797.45 a 44,056.91 41,489.97 281,144.71 8,111.76 924,127.55 __ Le 881,832.61316,338.3037,545.16 137,222.59 27,731.48 22,731.655,787,256.30 17,249.93204,761.41 19,880,914.17

EMBY PROVINCES 1959-60

.,-_-- Central Saskat- British Yukon Northwest Quebec Ontario General Manitoba chewan Alberta Columbia Terri- Tend- Total d tory todos — S $ $ S $ S $ $ $ $ 526,891.31 200.00 33.00 40,904.72 9,762.92 12,880.48 106,986.99 0 1,742.57 74,489.30 .0. 53,582.30 5,477.89 69,042.22 13,147.57 150.00 288.00 23,136.31 15.00 150.84 41,776.27 .1i 350.00 55,612.87 33.00 69,518.92 9,777.92 13,031.32 832,333.66

XVII

APPENDIX 2 Fish Culture Development Statements, 1959 PAGE Fish Distributed by Species XX Distributions by Provinces XXI Co-operative or Special Transfers and Stock Supplied for Scientific Investi- gations XXII Collection and Disposal of Eggs XXIII Distribution Statements by Fish Culture Stations XXVI

XIX

FISH DISTRIBUTED BY SPECIES 1959

Species Eggs Fry Advanced Fingerlings Yearlings Total fry and Older Distributions

Salmo salar—Atlantic salmon 700,000 9,648,375 804,260 11,152,635 Salmo trutta-13rown trout 2,316,960 5,180 2,322,140 SaImo gairdneri—Rainbow trout 168,415 8,460 176,875 Salmo salar sebago—Sebago salmon 30,010 7,990 38,000 Salvelinus fontinalis—Speckled trout 149,000 1,713,500 17,244,920 198,970 19,306,390 Salvelinus namaycush—Lake trout 292,820 292,820

149,000 2,413,500 29,701,500 1,024,860 33,288,860

NOTE—Figures ending under and over five have been rounded to nearest ten for simplicity. See distribution statements by Fish Culture Stations for actual figures. •

DISTRIBUTIONS BY PROVINCES, 1959

, Eggs, Fry, Fingerlings, Yearlings and Older Fish

Advanced Fingerlings Yearlings Total Distribution Province Fry fry and No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 'Older I3y Species By Province NOVA SCOTIA- Adanacsahnon 160,000 376,450 1,899,450 868,990 399,260 15,000 388,510 4,107,660 Browntrout 594,060 779,480 363,320 80,360 153,900 5,090 1,976,210 II.Mnbowtrout 14,420 87,200 4,955 7,920 114,495 Sebagosahnon 7,990 7,990 Speckled trout 874,500 4,991,560 2,566,620 2,073,600 665,680 438,890 159,050 11,769,900 1,034,500 5,962,070 5,245,550 3,320,330 1,232,500 612,745 568,560 17,976,255 17,976,255

NEW BRUNSWICK- Atlantic salmon 540,000 3,135,000 1,987,035 423,990 231,400 415,750 6,733,175 Brown trout 270,000 40,000 35,840 90 345,930 Lake trout 234,000 58,820 292,820 Rainbowtrout 13,640 5,000 540 19,180 Sebagosahnon 25,690 2,500 1,820 30,010 Speddedtrout 149,000 806,000 2,615,370 1,929,580 747,440 305,300 67,810 39,920 6,660,420 149,000 1,346,000 6,280,060 3,919,115 1,285,710 577,540 67,810 456,300 14,081,535 14,081,535 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND- Atlanticsahnon 29,800 86,000 196,000 311,800 Rainbow trout 15,000 6,000 20,200 2,000 43,200 Speckled trout 33,000 68,800 209,770 276,000 288,500 876,070 33,000 98,600 310,770 478,000 308,700 2,000 1,231,070 1,231,070 TOTALS 149,000 2,413,500 12,340,730 9,475,435 5,084,040 2,118,740 682,555 1,024,860 33,288,860 33,288,860

Culture Stations for actual figures. NOTE-Figures ending under and over five have been rounded to nearest ten for simplicity. See distribution statements by Fish CO-OPERATIVE OR SPECIAL TRANSFERS AND STOCK SUPPLIED FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS, 1959

Species From To Number Details Date

Atlantic salmon Grand Lake Dalhousie University, Halifax 370 Yearlings June 2-Aug. 22 Margaree Memorial University, Nfld. 210 Yearlings May 23 Haley Brook Fisheries Research Board, Keswick River 800 Yearlings May 30-June 3 Miramichi U.S. Fish Culture Station, Bucksport, Maine $00,000 Eyed eggs Mar. 16 Miramichi St. Johnsbury, Vermont 200,000 Eyed eggs Mar. 17 Miramichi State Fish Hatchery, Fort Edward, N.Y 300,000 Eyed eggs Mar. 17 Miramichi Banff National Park, Banff, Alta. 100,000 Eyed eggs Mar. 30 Miramichi Fish & Wildlife Service, Craig Brook 500,000 Eyed eggs Oct. 28 Saint John Fisheries Research Board, St. Andrews, N.B. 120 Yearlings June 23-July 23 Saint John Fisheries Research Board, St, Andrews, N.B. 2$ Fingerlings July 23 Brown trout Cortland Fish Culture Hatchery, N.Y Antigonish 250,260 Eyed eggs Dec. 2 Cortland Fish Culture Hatchery, N.Y. Bedford 251,560 Eyed eggs Dec. 11 Rainbow trout Saint John Fisheries Research Board, St. Andrews, N.B 10 2 years June 23-24 Crown Point, New York Conservation Dept Kelly's Pond 105,410 Eyed eggs Jan. 9 Sebago salmon Grand Lake Nova Scotia, Museum of Science 10 3 years May 7 Speckled trou Grand Lake Dalhousie University, Halifax 85 2 years Mar. 21 Grand Lake Dalhousie University, Halifax 55 Fingerlings Dec. 1 Florenceville University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B 3,000 Eyed eggs April. 7 , Saint John . Gaspe Hatchery, Que 50,000 Eyed eggs Mar. 5 Saint John Fisheries Research Board, St. Andrews, NB 75 Yearlings June 23-24 Saint John Fisheries Research Board, St. Andrews, N.B. 200 Fingerlings June 23-24 MIll==1111

COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF EGGS BY SPECIES, 1959

Egg Number Disposal- Date Total Species Collection Area Collecting Collected Establishment at eggs Number by Period received Species

Atlantic Salmon Margaree Station, N.S Nov. 9-26 592,920 Margaree Nov. 9-26 592,920 River Philip, N.S Nov. 11-27 2,940,600 Bedford Nov. 17 436,800 Cobequid Nov. 11-27 1,216,800 Grand Lake Nov. 17 374,400 Kejimkujik Nov. 12 912,600 Sackville Pond, N.S Nov. 2-10 273,000 Bedford Nov. 2-10 273,000 Miramichi Pond, N.B Oct. 26-Nov. 16 11,776,580 Antigonish Nov. 9 750,000 Florenceville Nov. 2 1,500,000 Grand Falls Nov. 4 1,500,000 Miramichi Oct. 26-Nov. 16 7,026,580 Kelly's Pond Nov. 12 500,000 Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.A. Oct. 28 500,000 New Mills Pond, N.B Oct. 30-Nov. 12 1,850,650 Charlo Oct. 30-Nov. 12 1,850,650 Restigouche River, N.B. Oct. 28-Nov. 13 782,000 Charlo Oct. 28-Nov. 13 782,000 Saint John Ponds, N.B. Oct. 3I-Nov. 10 1,106,640 Saint John Oct. 31-Nov. 10 1,106,640 19,322,390 Brown Trout Cobequid Ponds, N.S Nov. 4-10 494,400 Cobequid Nov. 4-10 494,400 loff Oct. 27-Nov. 25 767,560 I-1 Lindloff Ponds, N.S. Oct. 27-Nov. 25 767,560 Lind Yarmouth Ponds, N.S Oct. 26-Dec. 7 1,477,080 Yarmouth Oct. 26-Dec. 7 1,477,080 Saint John Ponds, NB Oct. 26-Nov. 4 660,430 Saint John Oct. 26-Nov. 4 660,430 3,399,470 Rainbow Trout Lindloff Ponds, N.S. Apr. 20-May 15 270,340 Lindloff Apr. 20-May 15 270,340 Saint John Ponds, N.B. Apr. 30-May 12 272,430 Saint John Apr. 20-May 12 272,430 542,770 Sebago Salmon Grand Lake Ponds, N.S. Nov. 12-Dec. 1 2,630 Grand Lake Nov. 12-Dec. I 2,630 Chamcook Lake, N.B. Nov. 9-17 104,730 Saint John Nov. 9-17 104,730 Clinch Brook, N.B Oct. 28-Nov. 17 10,550 Florenceville Oct. 28-Nov. 17 10,550 117,910 Speckled Trout Antigonish Ponds, N.S. Nov. 2-16 2,396,820 Antigonish Nov. 2-16 2,396,820 Cobequid Ponds, N.S Oct. 28-Nov. 23 4,006,800 Cobequid Oct. 28-Nov. 23 2,526,300 Middleton Oct. 28-29 1,480,500 Lindloff Ponds, N.S. Oct. 29-Nov. 12 4,052,240 Lindloff Oct. 29-Nov. 12 4,052,240 Margaree Ponds, N.S Oct. 23-Nov. 26 7,402, 700 Bedford Oct. 28-Nov. 4 1,773,220 Margaree Oct. 23-Nov. 26 5,629,480 Charlo Ponds, N.B Oct. 30-Nov. 6 988,450 Charlo Oct. 30-Nov. 6 988,450 Florenceville Ponds, N.B Oct. 14-31 2,556,000 Florenceville Oct. 14-31 2,556,000 Grand Falls Ponds, N.B Oct. 20-Nov. 9 2,566,590 Grand Falls Oct. 20-Nov. 9 2,566,590 Saint John Ponds, N.B Oct. 27-Nov. 13 10,295,745 Saint John Oct. 27-Nov. 13 9,086,650 Kelly's Nov. 9 1,209,090 34,265,340 57,647,880

Note-Figures have been rounded for simplicity. With the exception of rainbow trout, main production from eggs collected in 1959 will be shown in the Annual Report of 1960.61.

DISTRIBUTIONS Key to Abbreviations Species A Atlantic salmon d Advanced fry B Brown trout 1 No. 1 fingerlings C Arctic char 2 No. 2 fingerlings G Lake trout 3 No. 3 fingerlings

L Landlocked or Sebago salmon 4 No. 4 fingerlings R Rainbow trout 5 No. 5 fingerlings S Speclded trout f Yearlings g Two years Stages of Development h Three years

a Green eggs k Older fish b Eyed eggs c Fry Classifications Advanced Fry: Fish for a period of two weeks following complete absorption of the yolk sac. Fingerlings: No. 1 From two to eight weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 2 From eight to fourteen weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 3 From fourteen to twenty weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 4 From twenty to twenty-six weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 5 From twenty-six weeks to one year from date of hatch.

XXV NOVA SCOTIA. Antigonish Fish Culture Station

Antigonish County- Dummy Lake-7,000 52. Afton River-6,000 S2 Frog Lake-2,000 S3. Delhanty's Lake-10,115 S2 Goshen Lake-5,000 32, 12,000 53, Meaneys Lake-10,000 52 300 Sf. Clydesdale Brook-4,200 S2 Grants Lake-4,200 52. Linwood Lake-6,115 S2 Grassy Lake-3,600 S2, 10,000 53. Lochaber Lake-20,115 52, 18,000 53. Horahan Lake-3,500 S2. MacMillan Lake-5,000 52. Johns Lake-10,000 33. , Stewart Lake-5,000 S2. Jones Lake-5,000 S2. Middleton Lake-4,900 52. MacKinnon Lake-4,900 52. Maryvale Brook-5,400 S2, 6,000 S3. Mells Lake-6,000 S3. Pomquet River- Mills Lake-3,500 S2. Black River-15,000 S2. Poison Lake-4,900 S2, 6,000 83. Glenroy River-15,000 S2. Pringle Lake-20,115 52, 20,000 53, Meadow Green River-6,000 S2. 1,600 Sf. Springfield Brook-12,000 S2. Pushie Lake-5,000 S2. St. George Bay- Tates Lake-3,000 S2. North Lake-4,000 S2, 6,000 S3. Timber Lake-3,000 52. North River-4,000 S2, 6,000 S3. Dover Bay- South River-25,000 S2. Hazel Hill Lake-5,000 S2, 3,000 SI Big Brook-10,000 S2. Three Mile Lake-5,000 S2, 3,000 83. Copper Lake-4,900 S2, 13,000 83. Watkins Lake-5,000 S2, 3,000 S3. MacDonald Lake-I0,000 S2. Whistle Lake-5,000 52, 3,000 S3. MacGillvrays Lake-100 Sf. Ecum Secum River-10,000 A2. Pinevale Lake-10,115 52. Ash Lake-20,115 S2. Poison Brook-10,000 52. Fishermans Harbour Lake-11,000 53. South River Lake-18,000 53. Fougere Lake-4,000 52. Giants Lake-8,424 R3. Gegoggin Lake-10,115 S2. Tracadie River-4,000 S3. Guysboro River-63,600 Bi. West River-6,000 83. Cudahy Lake-3,600 52. Beaver Meadow River-5,000 52. Donahue Lake-54,600 S2, 10,000 83. Brierly Brook-4,200 82, 8,000 S3. Meaghers Lake-8,000 53. Brierly Brook Lake-4,000 S2. Nickerson Lake-9,000 52. Gaspereaux Lake-9,600 S2, 10,000 83. Harbour Boucher River- James River-6,000 S3. Jellows Lake-12,000 S2. Machmis Lake-6,000 S2. Morrison Lake-13,000 82. MacLean Lake-3,000 82. Hawbolt Lake-5,000 S2. St. Joseph Lake-12,000 82. Indian Harbour Lake-51,300 Bi, 49,560 B2. Thompsons Lake-5,400 52. Isaacs Harbour River-10,000 A2. Wrights River-8,000 53. Goldbrook Lake-6,000 83. Leonard Lake-10,000 53. Guysborouglz County- Liscomb River-10,000 A2. Clam Harbour River- Clam Harbour Lake-4,000 53. Bear Lake-5,000 S2. Sundown Lake-10,000 S3. Gaspereaux Brook-10,000 A2. Coddles Harbour- Gaspereaux Lake-6,000 S3. Basin Lake-9,000 82. Macks Lake-1,500 53. Sister Lakes (2)-9,000 52. MacPherson Lake-12,000 S2. ' Cole Harbour- Manassette Lake-5,000 52. Cooee Coffre Lake-20,115 52, 3,000 S3. Mattie Lake-5,000 S2. Dobson Lake-7,000 S2, 3,000 53. New Harbour-20,000 A2. Cooper's Lake-10,000 S2. Country Harbour- Canter Lake-5,000 S3. Country Harbour Lake-5,000 S2. First Lake-4,000 52, 6,000 53. Country Harbour River-30,000 A2. Long Lake-4,000 82. Chain Lake-5,600 S2. St. Mary's River- Christie Lake-5,000 S2. Archibald Lake-6,000 S3. Eight Island Lake-5,000 S2. Cameron Lake-20,115 32.

XXVI Antigonish Fish Culture Station-Conc. Guysborough County-Conc. Pictou County-- St. Mary's River-Conc. Caribou Harbour- East River-48,000 A2, 2,700 Af. Big Caribou River-7,000 52. Birch Brook Lake-5,000 S3. Cole Pond-2,000 S2. Black Brook Lake-4,000 S2. English Pond-2,000 S2. Cumminger Lake 8,000 82, 6,000 83. Gunns Lake-6,000 53. Graham Pond-2,000 32. Lochaber Lake-1,200 SI. Little Caribou River-5,1I5 S2. MacKeen Lake-4,000 S2, 9,000 53. East River-7,000 52. Melrose Lake-5,600 S2, 6,000 83. Calder Lake-6,000 52, 9,000 S3. Mitchells Lake-6,000 53. Grant Lake-6,000 82, 9,000 S3. Mitchells Pond-1,000 S3. MacLean Lake-6,000 82. Taylor Lake-5,000 S2. McLellan Brook-10,000 S2, 6,000 S3. Trout Lake-20,000 S2. McPherson Lake-10,115 S2. Two Mile Lake-20,115 82, 600 Sf. Smith Lake-8,000 S3. Kirk Lake-14,000 53. Eden Lake-20,115 S2. MacDonald Lake-6,000 53. Linwood Lake-6,000 S2. Scanlon Brook-10,000 S3. Little Harbour- Sherbrooke Lake-20,115 S2. Grahams Dam-6,000 S3. West River-30,000 A2, 2,500 Af. SteQvarts Dam-6,000 S3. Calf Moose Lake-6,000 S3. MacKays Dam-2,000 S2. Elbow Lake-6,000 S3. Maple Lake-5,000 S2. Glencross Brook-6,000 S3. Merrigomish Harbour- Indian Man Lake-6,000 S3. Barney River-56,500 Bi. Island Lake-6,000 S3. MacCarthy Lake-4,000 53. Brora Lake-5,400 S2. Macintosh Lake-6,000 S3. Cummings Dam-1,000 S3. MacLeod Lake-8,000 83. Indian Lake-5,400 S2. Trout Lake-6,000 52, 6,000 53. Malcomn Lake-3,000 S2. Twin Oak Lakes-6,000 S3. French River-10,600 Bi. Whidden Lake-6,000 53. Barrow Lake-8,000 S3. Salmon River-36,600 Bi, 18,000 B2. Blue Mountain Pond-3,000 S3. Beziver Dam Lake-9,000 52. Robertson Lake-4,200 52. Bordens Lake-4,800 S2. Sutherland River-22,000 Bi, 70,120 B2, Eastern Pond-3,000 S2. 20,115 S2. Gearys Lakes-20,115 82. Middle River-7,000 S2. Glencove Lake-3,600 S2, 6,000 83. Gairloch River-6,115 S2. Lawlor Lake-6,000 S3. Hood Lake-11,000 S2. Long Lake-22,000 S3. River John-300 SE Narrow Lake-I5,115 S2, 6,000 S3. Toney River-300 Sf. North Branch Lake-6,000 S3. West River-30,000 A2. Priests Lake-5,400 S2. Big Branch Brook-4,000 53. Ross Lake-12,000 53. Square Lake-9,000 53. MacKinnon Lake-10,000 S3. Three Ponds-6,000 S3. West Branch Brook-3,000 53. Wells Lake-4,000 S3. Western Pond-3,600 52. Atlantic Salmon 203,200 Seal Harbour Lake-5,000 82. Brown Trout 378,280 South River Lake-1,200 Sf. Giants Lake-22,000 S2. Rainbow Trout 8,424 Kennedy Lake-5,000 S2. Speckled Trout 1,540,170 MacInnis Lake-7,000 82. Telford Brook-11,000 S3. Total 2,130,074 Bedford Fish Culture Station Halifax County- College Lake-10,000 Sd. Beaver Dam Lake-1,534 S4. Duck Head Lake-4,500 Si. Beaver Harbour Lake-10,000 Sd. Pond-2,961 Si. Duck Bell Lake-6,000 Si. Si. Eagle Lake-4,500 Big C,onnors Lake-10,000 Sd. First Lake-12,000 Sd. Black Point Lake-4,040 Si. Fish Lake-12,500 Si. Boot Lake-9,000 Si. Fraser Lake-1,770 S4- Chezzetcook River-15,512 A2, 11,320 A3, Gammon Lake-10,000 Sd, 6,000 Si. 6,500 A4. Goose Lake-6,000 Si. Bridge End Lake-10,500 Si. Greens Lake-1,180 54. XXVII Bedford Fis-h Culture Station-Conc. Halifax County--Conc. Trout Lake-4,500 Si. Hubbards River-15,000 Al, 11,340 A3, West River-4,928 A4. 5,859 A4. Kelloge River-21,880 AI. Dorey Lake-2,000 Si. Mill Lake-2,600 Robley Si. Hanta County-- Ingram River-25,000 Ad, 21,413 A2, Avon River- 11,340 A3, 12,090 A4, 2,000 Af. Herbit River-10,000 Sid. Lake Alma-7,200 SI. Lily Lake-1,770 S4. Lake Major-6,000 Si. Lily and Pigott Lake-8,550 Si. Level Spot Lake-4,500 Si. Long Lake-10,000 Sd. Lake-6,250 Si. Lily Moores Lake-5,000 Sd, 2,961 51. Lily Pond Lake-21,075 Al, 4,800 Si. Coxcomb Lake-15,000 Sd. Long Lake-12,500 Si. Five Mile River- Long Still Water-7,200 Si. Burton Lake-3,600 Si. Martins Lake-10,000 Sd. Mill Pond-2,400 Maitland Si. Millers Lake-15,000 Sd. Si. Withrow Lake-4,800 Morgan Lake and River-21,880 Al. Lacey Lake-15,000 Sd. Musquodoboit River- Lewis Lake-8,883 Si. Grand Lake 6,000 51. McGraths Lake-10,000 Sd. Grassy Lake-6,000 Si. St. Croix River- Lindsay Brook-23,894 Al. Ponhook Lake-9,500 Si. Mill 1..21re-10,000 Sd. Uniacke Lake-1,180 S4. West Lake-4,500 Si. West Lake-15,000 Sd, 3,540 54. Williams Lake-4,500 Si. Newcombe Brook-11,340 A3, 5,580 A4. Lunenburg County- Nine Mile River-25,000 Ad, 23,275 A2, East River-35,000 Ad, 14,784 A4. 11,340 A3, 10,787 A4, 1,000 Af. Collander Lake-11,340 A3, 10,857 Si. Cox Lake-3,500 51, 1,534 S4. Hollahan Lake-10,500 Si. Cranberry Lake-4,040 Si, 1,652 S4. Little Whitford Lake-7,500 Si. Lewis Lake-10,000 Sd, 4,040 Si, 1,652 Noonan Lake-3,984 Si. 54. Otter Lake-7,500 Si. O'Brien Lake-4,500 Si. Spectacle Lake-9,870 Si. Pennant River- A3. Timber Lake-11,340 Grand Lake-5,500 Si, 3,540 S4. Eisnor Lake-10,000 Si. Grey's Lake-2,124 S4. Fox or Julian Lake-4,340 Si. Queens Land Lake-1,500 Si, 1,770 54. Hubles Lake-4,800 Si. Roaches Pond-472 54. Hutts Lake-4,340 Si. Rocky Lake-8,750 Si, 1,534 S4. Mahone Bay- Ruths Flowage-2,596 S4. Gold River-53,832 Al, 21,413 A2, Sackville River-25,000 Ad, 32,340 A3, 34,000 A3, 17,907 A4. 14,784 A4, 6,000 M. Clarke Lake-10,000 Si. Little Sackville River-20,956 AI, 6,000 Martins Brook-30,000 Sd. Af. Martins River-19,670 Al, 21,413 A2, Swan Lake-1,770 S4. 11,320 A3, 5,005 A4. Salmon River-25,000 Ad, 15,512 A2, Webster Lake-4,340 Si. 11,320 A3, 9,856 A4. Mushamush Lake-10,000 Sd. Lake William-4,500 Si. Mushamush River-18,265 Al, 21,413 Salmon River-25,000 Little Ad. A2, 11,320 A3, 4,928 A4. McKay Lake-4,500 Si. Spondo Lake-10,500 Si. Shaw Big Lake-4,500 Si. Simms Lake-7,500 Si. Shaw Little Lake-4,500 Si. Sloans Lake-7,200 Si. Atlantic Salmon 824,071 Lake-6,000 Si. Snow SpecHed Trout 607,508 Stillwater Lake-1,534 54. Third Lake-5,050 Si. Total • 1,433,579

Cobequid Fish Culture Station Colchester County- Galloping Brook-8,000 S2, 3,000 53. Bass River-30,000 Si, 10,000 52. Guyons Lake-6,750 S3. Silica Lake-10,000 Si, 6,000 52. Bass River of Five Islands-20,000 52, East River- 14,000 53. Beaver Brook-8,000 SI, 5,500 S3. Chiganois River-40,000 Si, 12,000 S2, East River at Five Islands-12,000 Si, 15,500 53. 2,500 S3. XXVIII Cobequid Fish Culture Station-Conc. Colchester County-Conc. Sutherland Lake-30,000 Si, 30,000 52, Economy River-30,000 A2, 16,000 S3. 30,000 53, 3,000 S4, 2,500 Sf, 600 Sg. Economy Lake-35,000 S2, 31,000 S3. Pugwash River-20,000 Si, 7,000 52, 1,150 Newton Lake-20,000 Si, 34,000 S3. Sf. Simpson Lake-40,000 Si, 29,000 S2, Webb Lake-8,000 53. 15,000 S3, 4,000 S4, 1,150 Sf. Ramshead River-20,000 Si, 10,000 53. Folly River-47,000 A2, 6,000 A3. River Hebert-25,000 Si, 10,000 53. Folly Lake-25,000 Si, 10,000 S2, 15,000 Gilbert Lake-1,000 Sf. S3, 400 Sf. Halfway River Lake-500 Sh. French River-30,000 Si, 15,000 S2, 10,000 River Philip-70,000 A2, 40,000 A4, 7,600 53. Af, 15,000 S3, 86 Sh. Hart Lake-25,000 51, 30,000 S2, 15,000 S3. Black River-31,500 Si, 10,000 S2. Irwin Lake-500 Sf. Fitzsimmons Brook-15,000 Si. North River-45,000 A3. Mountain Brook-15,000 Si, 15,000 S3. North River, South Branch-I,000 S£ Polly Brook-9,000 Si. Portapique River-30,000 A2, 40,000 Si, Sherman Brook-75 Sg. 16,000 S2, 10,000 S3. Sugarloaf Brook-20,000 Si, 10,000 S2, Salmon River-33,000 A2, 20,000 A4. 5,000 S3, 760 Sf, 75 Sg. Bates Pond-1,000 Si. West Branch-20,000 SI, 10,000 S2, 12,000 Stewiacke River- 53. Deyarmonds Lake-20,000 53. Poison Lake-4,000 S2. Little River-30,000 Si, 8,000 S3, 1,000 Shinimicas River-13,500 A2, 30,000 51, Sf. 20,000 S2. Moose Lake-10,000 53, 500 Sf. Brownell Brook-18,000 Si. Waughs River-33,064 Bi. Thompson Pond-500 Si. Earltown Lake-13,500 Si, 1,000 Sf. Tidnish River-30,000 51, 12,000 S2. Wallace River-54,000 A2, 10,000 A3, Cumberland County- 10,000 A4, 465 Af, 100,000 51, 40,000 Apple River-25,000 A3. 52, 55,000 S3, 2,000 S£ Dead Lake-2,100 S3. Fox River-20,000 Si, 18,000 S3. Barbour Lake-4,000 S2, 5,500 54. Lake Killarney-400 Sh. Dewar Lake-400 Sh. LaPlanche River- Vickery Lake-4,000 54. Long Lake-1,000 Sf. West Branch-90,000 Si, 15,000 82, Sand Lake-500 SE 11,000 S3. Maccan River-80,000 A2, 2,400 Sf. Cleveland Lake-319 Sf. Westtnorland County-- Fordyce Brook-18,000 Si. Bulmer Pond-8,000 S2. Harrison Lake-12,000 Bi. Calhouns Brook-10,00081, 5,750 S3. Lawrence Brook-15,000 SI, 10,000 S2, Carters Brook-8,000 Si. 10,000 S3. Clarklyn Brook-15,000 S2. South Brook-12,000 Si. Gaspereaux River-15,000 A3. Mattatall Lake-400 Sh. Silver Lake-30,000 Si, 15,000 S2, 10,000 Parrsboro River- 53, 1,500 Sf. Cranberry Lake-15,000 82. Tantramar River- Leaks Lake-700 S£ Big Lake-1,000 Sf. McAloney Lake-14,400 51, 500 Sf. Jenks Brook-12,000 S2, 4,200 S3. Pont a' Buot Bog-5,400 S3. North Brook-5,500 53. Portapique River- Robinson Brook-20,000 Si, 2,500 53. Fountain Lake-20,000 Si, 10,000 82, 10,000 33. Atlantic Salmon 536,565 Isaac Lake-20,000 Si, 7,000 52, 2,000 54, 750 Sf. Brown Trout 45,064 Newfound Lake-20,000 Si, 7,000 S2, Speckled Trout 1,983,065 2,000 34, 800 Sf. Little Lake-4,000 SI. Total 2,564,694 Coldbrook Fish Culture Station 1 Annapolis County-- Armstrong Lake-6,000 35. Annapolis River-30,000 Af. C.ard Lake-15,000 54. i Nictaux River-51,500 B3. North Canoe Lake-12,000 S4. Rumsey Lake-2,400 R5. Otter Lake-6,000 S5. Curry Pond-1,000 Si. liants County-- Ponhook Lake-20,000 S4. Avon River- Valley Lake-6,000 55. XXIX CoIdbrook Fish Culture Station-conc.

Kings County-- Half-way Lake-4,000 S4. Aylesford Lake-10,000 53. Mill Lake-3,000 84. Lake George-17,500 54, 3,000 S5. Rocky Lake-2,000 84. Loon Lake-10,000 53. Timber Lake-5,000 54. Bass Creek-5,000 S3. Gold River-16,800 Af. Blue Mountain Lake-3,000 54. Harris Lake-6,000 54. Canard River-6,000 S3. Horseshoe Lake-6,000 54. Cornwallis River- Hunts Lake-5,000 S5. Brandywine River-23,350 Bi. Indian Lake-15,000 S3. Farm Brook-4,000 S3. Lake Ramsay-6,000 S5. McGee Lake-10,000 S3. Lewis Lake-5,000 S4. Mill Brook-4,000 S3. Loon Lake-5,000 S4. Silver Lake-4,000 53. McGinnis Lake-5,000 S5. Tupper Lake-10,000 53. Nevertell Lake-5,000 S5. Brook-3,000 S5. Tupper Lake Otter Lake-6,000 84. Pond-500 Sd. Eaton Round Lake-6,000 54. Gaspereau River-15,000 Af. Lanes Mill Brook-8,000 S4. Seffern Lake-5,000 54. Lumsden Pond-3,000 S5. Thatchers Lake-5,000 55. Murphy Lake-7,000 S3. Wallaback Lake-8,000 S4, 5,000 S5. North River-6,000 53. Whelan Lake-3,000 54. Sunken Lake-2,555 R5. Gull Lake-5,000 S4. Habitant River-6,000 S3. Middle River-29,905 B4. LaHave River- Cress Lake-5,000 S5. Hardwood Lake-15,000 S3. Hennigar Lake-4,500 B3. Lake Paul Stream-8,000 63. Millet Lake-5,000 54. Mill Creek-5,000 53. Nine Mlle Lake-6,000 S4. Pereau Creek-5,000 53. Whitney Lake-5,000 64. Porter's Pond-500 52. Shaw Pond-1,000 Si. Atlantic Salmon 61,800 Walsh Farm Ponds-1,000 S1. Brown Trout 109,255 Lunenburg County-- Rainbow Trout 4,955 East River- Speckled Trout 369,500 Bezanson Lake-7,000 54. Connaught Lake-5,000 54. Total 545,510

Grand Lake Fish Culture Station

Colchester County-- Eunice Lake-1,000 Sf., Stewiacke River-30,000 A3, 12,500 Af. Farnell Lake-1,000 SE Higgins Lake-1,000 SE Halifax County-- Lay Lake-1,000 Sf., McCaffery Long Lake-500 SE Beaver River- Rocky Lake-1,000 SE Sandy Lake-500 SE Nine Mile River- Springfield Lake-2,000 Sf. Baptism Lake-1,000 SE Brine Lake-1,000 SE Fraser Lake-1,000 Sf, 15 Sh. Conrad Lake-1,000 SE Half Mile Lake-1,000 SE Eagle Lake-1,000 Sf. Pace Lake-1,000 SE Goose Lake-1,000 SE Pockwock Lake-1,000 Sf. Hatchett Lake-1,000 SE Salmon River-15,000 A3. Hosier River- NowIan Lake-1,000 SE Long Lake-2,000 Sf. Sandy Lake (Marsh Lake)-1,000 SE Sheldrake Lake-1,000 SE Ship Harbour River-15,000 A2, 18;000 Al, Lake Charlotte-2,000 SE 8,000 Af. Lily Pond Lake-1,000 SE Shubenacadie River- Grand Lake-2,500 Little Salmon River-15,000 A2, 18,000 A3. LE 5,494 Lg. Kelly Long Lake-1,236 Sf. McCabe Lake-1,000 SE Rawdon River-34,430 A3, 12,000 Af. McGrath Lake-1,000 Sf. Stillwater Lake-1,000 SE Musquodoboit River-15,000 A2, 30,000 Patient Ross Lake-1,000 Sf. A3, 18,000 Af. Tangier River-33,000 A3, 8,000 Af. Big Shaw Lake-1,000 SE Bear Lake-1,000 SE

Eastern Run Lake-1,000 SE West River-15,000A2, 18,000A3, 8,500 AI. XXX Grand Lake Fish Culture Station-Conc. Hants County- East River-4,000 Af. Kennetcook River-15,000 A2, 15,000 A3. Timber Lake-1,000 Sf. Long Lake-1,000 Sf. Long Lake-1,000 Sf. Ponhook Lake-3,000 Sf. Mill Lake-2,000 SE Three Corner Lake-1,000 SC Mill Cove Lake-1,000 S£ West Lake-1,000 Sf. Walker Lake-1,000 Sf.

Lunenburg County-- Atlantic Salmon 357,430 Riley Lake-1,000 Sf. Sebago Salmon 7,994 Sabity Pond-1,000 Sf. Speckled Trout 49,251 St. Margaret's Bay- Bayswater Lake-1,000 Sf. Total 414,675 Kejimkujik Fish Culture Station

Annapolis County- Lunenburg County-- Annapolis River-48,000 A2. LaHave River-160,000 A2, 12,000 A3, Lequille River-38,000 A2, 5,000 A4. 5,000 A5, 32,170 AI. Nictaux River-30,366 A£ Queens County-- Round Hill River-38,000 A2, 5,000 A4. Kejimkujik Lake-13,000 B2, 13,000 B3, Kejimkujik Lake-5,000 B2, 5,000 B3. 8,451 B4, 17 Bg. LaHave River-36,000 A2, 5,000 A5, St. John County, N.B. 13,400 Af. Big Salmon River-9,786 A£ Kings County-. Atlantic Salmon 638,144 Annapolis River-110,000 A2, 32,000 A3, Brown Trout 44,468 39,000 A4. LaHave River-5,000 A5, 14,422 A£ Total 682,612

Lindloff Fish Culture Station Cape Breton County- Potties Lake-16,000 53, 8,000 S5. Campbell Pond-10,000 85. Power Lake-10,000 55. Chain Lake-13,000 S3. Round Lake-8,000 S3. Cranberry Lake-5,000 54. Scotch Lake-8,000 S4. Curry Lake-8,000 84. Stewart Lake-15,000 S2. East Bay- Sydney River- Campbell Lake-7,000 84. Blackett Lake-15,000 S2, 8,000 S4, 8,000 Gillis Lake-8,000 S5. S5, 2,000 Sf. MacAdam Lake-20,000 52. Dutch Brook Lake-15,000 S3. Gabarus Lake-25,000 S2, 12,000 53, 10,000 Gillis Lake-60,000 Si, 4,000 Sf. 55, 5,000 Sf. Meadow Brook-152,000 Sd. Giant Lake-8,000 S4. Wenthworth Park-400 Sf. Grand Lake-40,000 S2, 8,000 S5, 4,815 S£ Hardys Lake-8,000 53, 5,000 S4. Richmond County- Jackson Lake-15,000 83, 8,000 85. Beaver Lake-15,000 51, 5,000 S3. Kilkenny Lake-55,000 B2. Black River-100,00081. Levers Lake-37,197 R4, 2,270 RI: Buchanan Lake-30,000 Si. Long Lake-15,000 S3. Bras D'Or Lake-984 Sg. MacDonald Lake-8,000 54. Evans Island Ponds-1,000 Sg. MacIntyre Lake-20,000 S2. Indian Lake-30,000 51. MacLeod Lake-10,000 55. Lynches River-2,529 Sg. MacMillan Lake-2,000 Sf. MacDonald Lake-30,000 Si. Mira Bay- Si. MacKenzie Lake-30,000 Catalogne Lake-15,000 S2, 1,000 Sf. MacNab Lake-30,000 32. McCormick Lake-15,000 S3. Mary Ann's Lake-15,000 S2. " MacDonald Pond-10,000 55. Pringle Lake-10,000 S2. Salmon River-110,000 B2. River Tom-30,000 Si. Mira River- Scott Brook-10,000 Si. Gaspereaux River-20,030 B2, 33,598 133. Soldiers Cove-1,000 Sg. Loon Lake-15,000 S3, 1,000 S£ West Bay-1,000 Sg. MacInnes Lake-12,000 53. West Bay Pond-1,000 Sf. Northwest Brook-40,000 82. Breens Lake-54,000 Si. XXXI Lindloff Fish Culture Station-Conc. Richmond County--Conc. Mill Lake-1,600 Sf. Ferguson Brook-70,000 Si. Reid's Lake-20,000 S2. Ferguson Lake-70,900 si, 15,000 53. River Inhabitants-40,000 A3, 9,000 Af. Framboise River- River Tillard-I20,000 Sd, 100,000 Si, 800 Bell Lake-25,000 Si, 25,000 S2. 5f. Five Island Lake-20,000 SI. Hill Lake-15,000 S5. Sterling Lake-20,000 Si. Kytes Lake-20,000 52. Grand River-40,000 A3, 10,000 Af. Lindloff Lake-50,000 R4, 4,008 Rf, 84 Rg. Barren Hill Lake-30,000 Si. Mill Lake-10,000 S1.4,000 S£ Loch Lomond Lake-205,000 Si, 15,000 Thompson Lake-10,000 S2. 53. Rockdale Lake-20,000 Si, 700 Sf. Isle Madame- Straughton Brook-10,000 Si, 10,000 S2. Campbell Lake-15,000 S3. Chain Lake-8,000 55. Charlotte County, N.B.- Deep Lake-10,000 52. Crecy Lake-1,560 Rf. D'Escousse Lake-200 Sf. Forrest Lake-15,000 82, 1,200 S£ Prince County-P.E.L National Park- Grand Lake-30,000 Si, 30,000 52, 5,000 Dalvay Lake-3,000 R3. Sf. Long Pond-3,000 R3. Latimore Lake-15,000 Si. Mannette Lake-10,000 S2. Atlantic Salmon 99,000 Potties Lake-15,000 82, 5,000 Sf. Brown Trout Shaw Lake-10,000 52, 6,400 Sf. 258,598 Lake Aboya-1,000 S5. Rainbow Trout 101,119 Landry Lake-15,000 Si, 5,000 53. Speckled Trout 2,195,028 MacInnes Pond-500 Sf. MacLeod Brook-70,000 Si, 20,000 52. Total 2,653,745 Margaree Fish Culture Station Inverness County-- Hatchery Pool-50,000 A2. Bras D'Or Lake- Ingraham Brook-100,000 A2, 4,241 Af, Little Narrows Pond-25,000 Si, 8,000 50,000 Si, 12,000 S3, 10,000 54. 82, 6,000 S3, 1,000 S£ Lake O'Law Brook-35,000 Si, 8,000 MacDonald Lake-25,000 51. S2, 9,000 53, 650 Sh. MacKenzie Brook-50,000 Si, 8,000 S2, Lake O'Law Lake-45,000 Si, 8,000 52, 6,000 S3. 6,000 S3, 12,000 S4. Skye Brook-35,000 Si, 8,000 S2, 6,000 S3. Lake O'Law Lake (Lower)-45,000 Si, Brigend Brook-45,000 81, 8,000 S2, 8,000 52, 6,000 53, 10,000 S4. 6,000 S3. Lake O'Law Lake (Upper)-45,000 Si, Cheticamp River-20,000 Af. 8,000 S2, 9,000 S3, 10,000 U. Corney Brook-1,000 Sf. Levis Brook-25,000 Si, 4,000 S2. French Mountain Lake-2,000 54. MacLeod Brook-20,000 Si, 12,000 S3. Grand Anse River-2,000 Sf. Mancini Pond-250 Sg. Grand Etang Brook-40,000 Si, 8,000 52, Marsh Brook-35,000 Si, 4,000 52. 8,000 S3. Murray Brook-30,000 Si, 12,000 S3. Horton Lake-50,000 Si, 8,000 52, 12,000 53. Rock Pool-75,000 A2. Lac Du Rosseau-45,000 Si, 8,000 S2, 12,000 Ross Bridge pool-75,000 A2. S3, 20,000 54. Salt Brook-40,000 Si, 8,000 S2, 10,000 Lewis Brook-35,000 Si, 6,000 S3. S3. Little Judique River-35,000 Si, 6,000 53. Stewart Brook-25,000 SI, 6,000 S3. MacDonnell Lake-20,000 Si. Watson Brook-30,000 Si, 4,000 S2, Margaree River- 10,000 S3. Gallant Brook-50,000 Si, 8,000 S2, 8,000 Scotch Hill Brook-35,000 Si, 8,000 S2, S3. 8,000 S3, 675 Sb. Northeast Margaree- Southwest Margaree- Big Brook-40,000 Si, 8,000 52, 10,000 Captain Allan's Brook-50,000 Si, 53. 4,000 S2, 10,000 83. Black Rock Pool-75,000 A2. Collins Brook-35,000 51, 4,000 S2, CarrolPs Pond-10,000 Si, 8,000 82. 10,000 S3. Coady Brook-20,000 Si, 4,000 52. MacDonnell Brook-25,000 Si, 8,000 Cranton Bridge-50,000 A2. S2, 10,000 83. Egypt Brook-45,000 51, 8,000 S2, 630 McGinnis Brook-35,000 Si, 6,000 S3. Sb. Pembroke Lake-I2,000 53. Forest Glen Brook-75,000 A2, 45,000 Plateau Brook-45,000 Si, 8,000 S2, 6,000 Si. Si, 12,000 53. Port Hood Island Pond-6,000 S3.

XXXII Margaree Fish Culture Station-Conc.

Inverness County--Conc. Church Brook-45,000 si, 8,000 82, 12,000 Red River Lake-12,000 S3. 53. River Denys-50,000 Si, 8,000 S2. Tarbot Lake-10,000 SI. Big Brook-50,000 Si, 8,000 S2. Clyburn Brook-2,000 Sf. Glen Brook-40,000 Si, 8,000 52. Dingwall Lake-15,000 Si, 6,000 53, 500 Sf. River Inhabitants- Fresh Water Lake-8,000 Sf. McColl Brook-50,000 Si, 8,000 52, 6,000 Giffm Lake-20,000 Si, 9,000 53, 500 Sf. S3. Jigging Cove Lake-3,000 Sf. McPherson Brook-50,000 Si, 8,000 S2, MacDonald Pond-25,000 Si, 8,000 52. 6,000 S3. Middle River- Rough Brook-50,000 51, 8,000 52, 6,000 Beaver Brook-35,000 51, 8,000 S2, 6,000 S3. S3. Strathlorne Brook-35,000 Si, 8,000 S2,1,000 Black Brook-40,000 Si, 8,000 52, 6,000 53. Sf. Mary Ann Brook-2,000 Sf. Cold Brook-35,000 Si, 8,000 S2, 8,000 Victoria County-- S3, 450 Sf. Barrasois River-70,000 SI, 8,000 S2, 12,000 Indian Brook-45,000 51, 8,000 S2, 6,000 53. S3. Lakes- MacLeod Brook-35,000 Si, 8,000 S2, Bras D'Or 8,000 53, 450 Sf. Baddeck River-50,000 Si, 8,000 S2, Morrison Lake-20,000 Si, 9,000 S3. 12,000 S3. North Aspy River-2,000 S£ Farquhar Angus Brook-50,000 Si, White Point Pond-15,000 Si, 6,000 S3. 4,000 52. Gillis Brook-50,000 Si, 20,000 S3. Atlantic Salmon 524,241 MacDonald Lake-8,000 S2. Speckled Trout 3,048,105 Washabuck River-50,000 Si, 8,000 S2. Burton Lake-20,000 Si, 6,000 S3. Total 3,572,346

Mersey Fish Culture Station Limenburg County-- Salter's Brook-1,000 S5. Blue Rocks Pond-2,600 S5. Wentworth Brook-1,800 55. Conrad Lake-3,300 S5. Mersey River-3,400 B5. Island Pond-900 S5. Bar Pond-4,000 S4. LaHave River- Cowie Falls-6,900 A4. Beck Lake-4,000 S3. Deep Brook, Head Pond-4,500 S4. Crouse Lake-4,000 53. George Brook-7,400 B5. Mason Pond-1,500 S5. George Brook No. 3, Head Pond-4,500 Mike's Lake-2,300 85. B3. Mushamush River-27,700 A4. Lower Great Brook Head Pond-8,500 B3, Petite River-10,000 A2, 12,500 A3, 14,000 17,300 B5, 25,000 S2. A4. Mersey Lodge-12,200 B5. Branch Lake-4,000 53. Morton's Island-4,600 B5. Fitch Long Lake-5,000 5 2. No. 3 Head Pond-4,500 B3, 17,800 B5. Randell Lake-5,000 S5. Sand Pit Road-9,100 B5. Z,eens County-- Tail Race-10,000 S2. Collins Lake-2,000 S5. Mitchell Brook-4,000 54. Five Rivers-3,000 52, 1,900 S5. Ten Mile Lake-6,000 S3. Grafton Lake and Brook-5,000 55. Half-Way Brook-1,800 S5. Shelburne County- Harmony Lake-3,000 S5. East Brook-4,000 S5. Herring C,ove Lake-4,000 S2. Misery Lake Brook-3,600 S5. McAlpine Brook-2,500 S2, 2,000 S5. Ogden s Brook-5,200 S5. Medway Tom Tigney Brook-5,000 S2. River-102,650 A4. S2. Bangs Falls, East-6,100 A3. Wall Lake Brook-4,000 Bangs Falls, West-6,000 A3. Atlantic Salmon 207,750 Christopher Lake-5,000 52, 4,500 55. Dean Brook-1,700 S5. Brown Trout 89,300 Ponhook Lake-10,000 A2, 5,800 A3, Speckkd Trout 150,400 3,300 S5. Ponlaook Lake (East)-6.i00 A3. Total 447,450 XXXIII Middleton Fish Culture Station Annapolis County-7 Mersey River-5,000 54. Annapolis River-10,000 S3, 2,000 S5. Boot Lake-4,000 S2, 7,000 54. Barteaux Brook-200 54. Fisher Lake-5,000 S4. Bloody Creek-6,000 S2, 5,000 S3. Pike Lake-2,000 54. Evans Brook-4,000 52. Twin Lakes-2,000 54. Pales Stream-5,000 34. View Lake-2,000 84. Hines Brook-650 34. Milbury Lake-4,725 S4. Little River-12,000 S5. Sand Lake-5,000 S3. Morton Brook-2,000 S2. Nictaux River-15,873 B3, 8,550 S2, 3,000 Young Lake-5,000 S4. 53, 11,500 S4, 8,000 35. Kings County- Benjamin or East Lake-5,000 33. Connell Lake-7,500 S4. Annapolis River-10,000 S2, 5,000 84, Curl Hole Howage-15,000 B2. 12,000 S5. McGill Lake-6,000 55. Randall Lake Brook-1,000 55. Newcombe Brook-2,000 55. Stoddard Pond-600 S5. , Private Brook-10,000 S2, 6,000 S5. Skinner Brook-4,000 55. Quilty Lake-5,000 52, 6,000 S5. South Brook-10,000 52, 5,000 S4. Scrag Lake-7,000 S3. Walker Brook-5,000 32, 4,000 85. Shannon Lake-10,000 S2. Zeke Brook-2,000 55. Trout Brook-5,000 S2. Cloud Lake-4,000 85. Trout Lake-5,000 54, 5,600 85. Hamilton Lake-5,000 55. Waterloo Brook-5,600 54. LaHave River- Waterloo Lake-10,000 S2, 6,000 S5. Armstrong Lake-11,500 54, 6,000 S5 Paradise Brook-5,000 S3. East Twin Lake-6,000 S5. Paradise Lake-10,000 53, 5,600 64. Mack Lake-6,000 S2, 6,000 55 Parker Brook-5,000 S3. North Slocomb Brook-5,000 53. Twin Lake-6,000 S5. Spectacle Lake-7,000 32. Tupperville Brook-400 54. Wiswal Brook-3,000 S2, 2,000 35. Upper Sixty Lake-4,725 54. Wright Lake-7,000 S2. Lake Paul-11,500 34, 6,000 S5. Baker Pond-1,000 S3, - Lake Tonnent-12,000 S3, 5,600 S5. Bear River- Mud Lake--400 55. Baillie Lake-7,000 S2, 2,800 84. Beeler Lake-8,000 32, 6,000 85. Lunenburg County-- Katy or Cady Lake-7,000 S2, 2,800 84. LaHave River-10,000 S2, 5,000 54. Lake Mulgrave-10,000 S5. Grant Lake-3,000 54. Nigger Line Brook-2,500 32, 4,000 S5. Little Mushamush-5,000 54. Power Lot Brook-5,000 S2, 2,000 55. New Germany Lake-7,125 54. Sandy Bottom Lake-9,000 32, 5,600 S4. North River-5,000 S2. Sundown Lake-10,000 S2. Randall Lake-5,000 64. Upper Mink Lake-7,500 82. Rhyno Lake-5,000 84. Birchbark Lake-2,000 55. Skull Lake-2,000 34. East Branch Lake-1,000 S5. Springfield Brook-5,000 52. LaHave River-10,000 S2. Lake William-5,000 54. Lake Pleasant-10,000 52, 4,000 85. Sixty Brook-7,000 S2. Naas Lake-3,000 54. Sixty Lake-5,000 54. Trails End Ranch-12,000 32. Springfield Lake-9,500 S3. Whetstone Lake-5,000 S4. Thirty Lake-5,000 33. Queens County-- LeQuille River- Medway River- Gibson Lake-10,000 S2. Christopher Lake-5,000 S4. Grand Lake-5,400 S3, 5,600 55. . Lake Nancy-2,000 54. Lake LaRose-5,600 55, 7,000 52. Perch Lake-3,000 55. Lamb Lake-10,000 S2, 4,600 54. Mersey River-6,000 64. Matthew Lake-5,600 S5. Kejimkujik Lake-11,000 Mickey Hill Brook-10,000 S2. S4. Turtle Lake-3,000 84. Ten Mile River-5,000 S2, 5,000 84. IVIedway River- Brown Trout 30,873 Long Lake-2,600 65. Speckled Trout 762,875 Spectacle Lake-11,500 54. Wildcat Brook-2,500 S4. Total 793,748 XXXIV Yarmouth Fish Culture Station Annapolis County-- Clearwater Lake-3,000 83. Nictaux River-16,500 B4. Dean's Brook-2,500 S3. Doucett Lake-2,500 S3. Digby County-- Gaspereaux Lake-3,000 S2. Arthur Lake Brook-1,300 54. Bonaventure Lake-3,000 S2. Bear River- Hectanooga Lake-3,000 S3, 900 S5. Barne's Lake-3,000 83. Springdale Brook-15,000 Si. East Brook-3,000 83. . Sissiboo River- Hill Lake-22,500 Sd. Amirault Lake-4,000 S2. Lake Jolly-3,006 S5. Andrews Lake-5,000 S2, 1,500 84. Lake LeMarchant-18,750 Sd. Dunbar Brook-4,000 S2. Mill Lake-22,500 Sd. Everett Lake-4,000 S3. Briar Lake-14,400 Sl, 900 85. Malletes Lake-4,000 S3, 1,500 S4. Bear's Back Lake-12,000 Si. Wallace River-3,000 53. Hunter Lake-14,400 Si, 900 85. Lint Lake-2,500 S3. Carleton River- Wright Lake-2,000 55. Barrio Lake-8,000 83. Snarl Lake-12,000 B1, 33,000 B2, 660 Bf, Barrio River-4,000 S3. 100 Bg, 60 Bh. Bill John Lake-1,300 84. Tusket River- Carrying Road Lake-10,000 S3, 2,240 S5. Bird Lake-1,120 55. Hourglass Lake-3,000 82, 1,300 54. Lucky Lake-2,240 S5. Payson's Meadow Brook-3,000 82. Porcupine Lake-1,400 S4. Sprag. Lake-1,000 54. Travis Brook-2,000 53. Placid Lake-1,300 84. Whistler Lake-4,000 53. Wentworth Lake-12,000 51, 1,300 84. Shingle Mill Brook-3,000 82. Shelburne County- Toad Brook-12,000 SI. Barrington River-24,000 Si, 3,400 54. Wentworth or Klondyke Brook-3,000 Beaver Dam Lake-9,000 Si. S2. Beaver Dam Brook-9,000 Si. Harris Lake-2,400 84. 34. Birchtown Brook-1,200 Loud Lake-2,500 83. Black's Brook-2,000 S3, 700 84. Margo River-5,000 82. Churchover Lake Brook-5,000 S3. Mistake Lake-7,000 S2, 1,500 84. Clyde River-87,000 A2, 37,000 A3, 29,97 Norwood Brook-12,000 Bi. • Af. Pierce Lake-1,i00 S5. Barn Brook-11,250 Sd, 500 85. St. Mary's Bay- Beaver Pond-3,000 S3. Belliveau River-1,300 84. Big Goose Creek-18,000 Si. Budd's or Handspiker Brook-2,000 54. Birch Hill Brook-11,250 Sd, 520 85. Church Point Brook-7,500 Scl. Bloody Creek-2,500 S3, 700 S4. Comeau Lake-3,000 S2, 1,000 55. Dirty Creek-1,000 55. Doctor's Lake-1,500 S5. George A. Brook-2,000 S3. Gaudet's Mill Pond-10,000 Sd. Hamilton Branch-2,500 53. Gilberes Lake-2,400 54. Hemlock Creek-3,000 53. Grosse Coques River-11,250 Sd, 4,000 S2. Little Goose Creek-15,000 SI. Bartlett's Lake-6,000 32, 2,800 S4. Long Bridge Brook-2,000 S3. Mill Brook-5,000 82. McDonald Creek-15,000 Sd. Metegan River-12,000 Si. Potters Run-7,500 Sd. Si. Arthur's Lake-12,000 Purdy Hill Brook-3,000 83. Bear Lake Brook-9,000 SI. Salmon Creek-2,500 S3. Blackadoes Brook-1,400 S4. Spring Creek-7,500 Sd. Irishman's Brook-1,300 S4. Stalker's Run-1,400 84. Cranberry Lake-3,000 82. Thurston Creek-11,250 Sd. Danver's Brook-6,000 51. Dexter's Lake Brook-5,000 33. Bel Lake-1,300 84. Doane's Brook-2,000 S3. Gatien Thibeault Brook-11,250 Sd. Downeys Brook-2,000 83. Jerome Lake-2,800 84. Fresh Brook-2,500 53. Lewis Lake-6,000 Si. Oak Park Lake-4,000 S3, 1,600 S4. Long Island Brook-8,000 54. Purney's Brook-6,000 53, 700 84. Long Lake (Hasset)-1,300 54. Roseway River-38,400 Bi, 67,800 B2, Metegan Lake-1,400 S4. 67,000 B3, 3,500 B4, 31,500 B5. Prime Lake-1,400 S4. Big Beech Hill Brook-2,000 83. Third Lake Brook-1,300 84. Clam Lake-600 Bh. Victor's Mill Brook-15,000 Sd. Courtenay Lake-2,000 83. Salmon River-39,436 Af, 64,000 Al, 92,000 John Lake-1,150 Bf, 2,240 85. A2, 81,800 A3, 16,000 A4. Lake Deception-900 84, 1,120 85. Boney Lake-3,000 S3. Little Beech Hill Brook-4,000 53.

XXXV 89633-2-9 Yarmouth Fish Culture Station-Conc. Shelburne County--Conc. Pubnico Lake-6,000 S3, 2,400 54. Roseway River-Conc. Salmon River- Mark's Brook-600 84. Cedar Lake-15,000 81. McKay Lakes-900 S4. Corning Lake-7,000 53, 1,500 55. Mill Creek-10,000 S2. Tedford Lake-5,500 Si, 1,500 54. Pug Lake-200 Bh. Two Island Lake Brook-7,000 Si. Small Brooks-14,000 B2. Winter's Lake-15,000 51, 1,300 54. Sandy Point Brook-700 S4. Schoolhouse Brook-11,250 Sd. Shag Harbour Brook-2,700 S4. Trefry's Lake-1,000 55. Tusket River-96,000 Al, 57,800 A3, 14,652 Yarmouth County-- Af. Allis River-21,000 Bi, 34,000 B3, 22000 Back Lake Brook-1,300 54. B4,31,500 B5, 432 Bk. Beaver Lake-1,500 S4. Big Brazil Lake-10,500 Bi, 30,600 B2, Big Meadow Brook-15,000 Sd. 17,000 B3, 3,500 B5, 220 Bf. Braddie's Meadow Crosby Brook-8,000 Bi. Brook-1,300 54. Dave Saunder's Mill Brook-22,500 Bi, Burrell's Brook-1,300 S4. 7,000 B3. Carleton River-22,500 Sd. Feeder Bullerwell's Brook-7,500 Sd. Brooks-38,400 B2. Lake-7,000 Gardener's Mill Pond-33,200 B2, 7,000 Fanning S2. B3, 660 Bf, 180 Bh. Hanf's Brook-7,500 Sd. Harris Lake-12,000 Bi. Hicks Brook-7,500 Sd. Hawley Road Brook-14,500 Bi. Nickerson's Brook-7,500 Sd. Hooper Lake-12,000 B1, 9,000 B3, 8,600 Richardson's Lake-7,000 S2. B5. Ryersons Brook-7,500 Sd. Lake Annis-15,750 Bi, 20,000 B2, 3,500 Sloan's Lake-11,250 Sd. B5,410 Bf, 2,800 S5. Clearwater Lake-11,250 Sd. Lake Edward-36,000 Bi, 24,200 B2, Coldstream River-9,600 Si. 21,000 B3, 180 Bh. James Lake-9,600 Si. Lake Ellenwood-12,000 B1, 22,800 B2, Kegeshook Lake-14,400 Si. 7,000 B3. Canoe Lake-24,000 Si. Lake Jessie-15,750 Bi, 20,400 B2. Louis Lake-1,500 54. Little Brazil Lake-15,750 Bi, Rushy Lake-1,500 S4. 14,000 B2, Grey's Brook-7,500 7,000 B3, 3,500 B5, 220 Bf. Sd. Pleasant Valley Brook-38,250 Bi, 30,000 Hamilton Lake-6,000 S2. B2,23,000 B3. Harris Lake-1,300 S4. Salmon Lake-12,000 Bi, 35,400 B2. Little Meadow Brook-111,250 Sd. Argyle River-39,800 A3, 2,000 S4. Mill Brook-1,500 S4. Frost Pond-3,000 S3. Soloman's Lake-1,400 84. Moses Lake-4,000 S3. Sunday Laite-1,400 54. Randall's Brook-7,000 Si. Welchard Brook-2,000 Si. Chegoggin Lake-26,250 Sd, 900 85. Wilson Brook-5,000 Si. Wellington Lake-1,500 S4. Churchill's Lake-11,250 Sd. Atlantic Salmon 655,458 Mallett Lake-12,000 Si. Brown Trout 1,020,372 Darlings Lake-18,750 Sd, 4,000 S3, 1,500 S4. Speckled Trout 1,063,936 Coggin's Lake-18,750 Sd Island Pond-1,000 85. Total 2,739,516 NEW BRUNSWICK Charlo Fish Culture Station Gloucester County-- Nine Mile Brook-2,400 S2. Belledune River-10,000 S4. Papineau Brook-22,000 A2. Elmtree River-5,600 Si. Papineau River-75,000 Al. ' Millstream River-40,000 Si, 4,800 Si. Portage Lake-943 SE River-40,000 Si, 4,000 53. Nigadoo Portage Lake No. 2-1,000 Sf. Nigadoo Lake-2,000 52. South Branch Forty Mile Brook-2,40C Nipisiguit River-5,220 Af. 82. Forty Mile Brook-2,400 S2. Pokemouche River-18,500 S2. Fortrfour Mile-2,400 S2. South Branch Caraquet River-7,200 33, Gordon Brook-145,000 Ai. 1200084. Lovell's Lake-3,600 Si. Teagues Lake-6,500 S2. Middle River-70,000 Al, 22,000 A2, Tetagouche River-145,000 Al. 4,800 52. Tracadie River-75,000 Al, 22,000 A2. XXXVI Charlo Fish Culture Station-Conc. Restigouche County- Meadow Brook-75,000 Al, 20,000 A3, Bumtland Lake-4,500 84. 5,400 Af. Chaleur Bay- Little Main River-75,000 Al, 10,620 Af. Black Brook-40,000 Si. Gunamitx River-135,000 AI, 20,000 Christopher Brook-40,000 Si. A2, 5,050 Af. Loch Lomond Lake-2,000 S2. Two Brooks Lake-4,500 S4. West Branch Christopher Brook-4,000 Upsalquitch River-65,000 Al. S4. Grog Brook-9,000 S4. Eel River-40,000 Si. Murray Lake-2,000 S4. Robinson Lake-461 Sb. North West Upsalquitch River- Sharps Lake-2,000 54. 175,000 Al, 20,000 A2, 4,050 Af. Jacquet River-200,000 Al, 23,500 A3, South East Upsalquitch River-60,000 8,930 Af. Al, 20,000 A2, 21,500 A3, 10,450 Af. Black Lake-25,000 Si. Berry Brook-4,000 S4. Jacquet River Lake-55,000 Si. Meadow Brook Lake No. 1-3,000 Juniper Lake-4,000 S4, 400 Sf. S4. Louson River-40,00081. Meadow Brook Lake No. 2-3,000 84. Nash Creek-39,370 Si. Pope Logan Brook-6,000 S4. North Branch Charlo River-40,000 Si. Tongue Lake-6,000 S4. Charlo Dam-12,00084. Walker Brook-40,000 Si. Henry Lake-3,000 S3. Turner Lake-400 Sf. Restigouche River-135,000 Al, 20,000 A2, Tetagouche Lake-1,000 Sf. 50,000 A3, 16,205 Af. Five Fingers Brook-2,400 S2. Atlantic Salmon 1,992,175 Kedgwick River-110,000 Al, 64,800 A2, Speckled Trout 610,774 50,000 A3, 10,450 Af. Eight Mile Lake-7,200 82. Total 2,602,949 Florenceville Fish Culture Station Carleton County- McQuarrie Brook-6,000 Si. Debec Brook-6,000 33. Miramichi River- Eel River- Argyle Pond-1,100 Sf, 320 Sg. Bull Creek-6,000 S3. Big Tague River-4,000 52. Lampeda Lake-360 Sg. Bigger Brook-12,000 Si. McLeary Brook-4,500 83. Clearwater Brook-18,000 Si. Saint John River-31,480 A3. Si. Elliot Brook-18,000 Acker Creek-9,000 Si. Juniper Brook-4,000 S2. Becaguimac River-50,000 A2. Little Tague Brook-4,000 S2. Beaver Brook-6,000 51. North Branch Miramichi River- Birmingham Brook-24,000 Si. 100,000 A2. Burnt Land Brook-21,000 Si. School House Brook-9,000 Si. Brook-21,000 Si. Coldstream South Branch Miramichi River- Hartley Brook-9,000 Si. 100,000 A2. Hayden Brook-9,000 Si. Southwest, N. Br. Mirarnichi River- Cross Creek-9,000 Si. Beadle Brook-12,000 S3. Gin Brook-9,000 Si. Hayward Brook-12,000 S3. Howard Brook-9,000 Si. West Brook-4,000 52. Indian Brook-6,000 Si. Monquart River-4,000 S2. Markie Brook-9,000 Si. Presquile River- Bulls Creek-9,000 Si. Bradley Brook-24,000 Si. Bedell Creek-9,000 Si. Burpee Brook-9,000 Si. Rosemond Lake-500 Sg. Dingee Brook-9,000 Sl. Gibsons Creek-21,000 Si. Gowan Lake-3,000 S3. Hamilton Brook-15,000 Si. Harold Brook-9,000 81. Johnsville Pond-4,000 S2, 1,100 SE. Ketch Lake-500 Sg. Lanes Creek-9,000 51. Little Presquile River-4,500 53. Lower Guisiguit River-6,000 S3. Williamstown Lake-2,000 Sf, 500 Sg. Meduxnekeag River- River de Chute-12,000 S2. Carter Brook-3,000 SI. Shiktahawk River-50,000 A2. Gallivans Brook-9,000 Si. Big Shiktahawk River-4,000 S2. Gartley Brook-12,000 Si. Green Brook-4,000 S2. Si. Hagerman Brook-12,000 Stickney Brook-9,000 Si. Markie Brook-6,000 Si. Upper Guisiguit River-6,000 S3. Marven Brook-9,000 Si. White Marsh Brook-5,000 53, 900 Sf.

XXXVII Florenceville Fish Culture Station-Conc.

Victoria County- - Nashveaak River-20,000 A3. Tobique Dam-15,575 Af. C,oldbrook Stream-3,000 53. Estey Brook-3,000 S3. York County-. Lime Kiln Brook-3,000 53. Bolton Lake-1,200 St, 480 Sg. Manzer Mill Stream-3,000 S3. Charles Lake-1,200 Sf. McBanes Brook-4,500 53. Duck Lake-1,200 Sf. McCallums Brook-3,000 S3. Eel River- McLean Brook-3,000 S3. Dead Brook-4,000 S2, 12,000 S3. Penniac Stream-4,500 S3. Ryan Brook-3,000 S3. Pour Mile Brook-4,000 S2. Tay River-3,000 S3. lvlistake Brook-3,000 53. South Branch Tay River-4,500 53. Risteen Brook-7,500 S3. Nashvmaksis River-4,500 S3. Second Eel Lake-1,100 St. Pokiok River- Magaguadavic River- Davinson Lake-1,100 Sf, 500 Sg. Clinch Brook-1,820 L3. Lake George-1,000 Sf. Harvey Lake-4,500 S3. Pokiok Stream-8,000 53. North East Stream-4,500 53. Shogomoc River-12,000 52. McAdam Brook-4,500 53. Spendick Lake- MacKenzie Brook-3,000 53. Lacoute Brook-3,000 53. Mill Brook-3,000 S3. Pirate Brook-6,000 S3. Palfrey Brook-9,000 S3. Poplar Brook-3,000 S3. Skiff Lake-2,500 L2, 6,000 52, 1,400 Sf. Sixth Lake-540 Sg. Saint John River- Yoho Lake-1,200 St. Keswick River-16,000 S2. Green Hill Lake-3,000 S3, 925 St, 170 • Atlantic Salmon 417,055 Sg. Sebago Salmon 4,320 Kilarney Lake-1,000 Sf. Speckled Trout 677,295 Mactaquac River-6,000 S3. Nackatvic River-50,000 A2, 6,000 S3. Total 1,098,670 Grand Falls Fish Culture Station Madawaska County-- Victoria County- Ben's Pond-20,000 Sc. East Limestone River-5,400 S3. Caron Lake-16,000 S3, 50 Sg. Gillespie Brook-3,600 S3. Glazier Lake-36,000 GI, 20,000 G3. Jardine Brook-4,000 S3. Godbout Pond-3,000 82. Nary Brook Lake-1,000 S2. St. John River- Portage Lake-1,000 S2. Baker Brook-10,000 S3. St. John River and Tributaries-40,000 Al, Baker Lake-98,000 Gl, 28,824 G3, 40,000 A2, 48,250 A3, 393 Sf, 823 Sg. 24,000 S3, 300 Sg. Boutard Brook-2,700 S3. Grand River-16,000 52. Cold Brook-4,000 Sc. Caron's Pond-30,000 Sc. Jamieson Pond-2,000 Sc. Green River-12,000 S2, 7,000 53, 700 Sg. Little River and Tributaries-20,000 S; First Green Lake-60,000 Gl. 26,500 52, 7,200 53, 700 5g. Miller Lake-3,500 S3. Bakerhouse Brook-8,000 Si. Third Green Lake-40,000 Gl, 10,000 Basley Brook-8,000 Si. G3. Beaverdam Brook-12,000 Si. Wild Goose Lake-3,500 83. Perkins Brook-12,000 Si. Iroquois River-10,000 S3. Ryan Brook-5,250 S3. Laforge Pond-3,000 Sc, 1,500 52. McCarthy Brook-2,700 53. Marcel Cyr's Pond-10,000 Sc. Muniac River-30,000 AI, 20,000 A2, Millstream-10,000 Sc. 5,000 S2. Ouellette Pond-25,000 Sc. Watt Brook-500 S2. Quisibis River-16,000 S2. Brook-5,000 S2. Siegas River-10,000 S2. Rapide de Femme Upper Iroquois River-25,000 Sc. Salmon River and Tributaries-320,000 Trout River-10,000 S3. Al, 173,500 A2, 27,000 A3, 20,000 Unique Lake-17,000 S3. S2, 6,000 S3, 675 Sf, 700 Sg. Club Brook-1,750 S3. Restigouche County-- Graham Brook-65 Sf. Tobique River- Little Salmon River-60,000 Al, 20,000 Big Cedar Brook-4,000 S3. A2, 7,500 A3. County Line Lake-3,000 S3. Outlet Brook-2,700 S3.

XXXVIII Grand Falls Fish Culture Station-Conc.

Victoria County-Conc. Three Brooks-2,700 83. St. John River and Tributaries--Conc. Trouse Brook-1,000 82. Tobique River-700 Sg. Trout River-5,000 S3. Afton Pond-2,000 S2. Two Brooks-5,400 S3. Belzele Pond-1,000 S2. Odellach River-5,000 S3. Atlantic Salmon 786,250 Pokiok River-5,000 S2. Lake Trout 292,824 Left Branch Pokiok River-2,500 S2. Speclded Trout 497,985 Quaker Brook-5,000 S3. Shea Brook-2,500 82. Total 1,577,059

Haley Brook Fish Culture Station

Carleton County- Little Tobique River-19,200 A2. St. John River-69,500 Af. Mamozekel River-19,200 A2, 7,200 A4. North Northumberland County-- Branch Gulquac River-3,000 83, 2,000 Serpentine River-19,200 A2. 54. Odell River-2,000 AL Hazelton Brook-4,000 84. Ralston Lake-4,000 83, 2,000 84. Victoria County- Riley Brook-5,000 U. Blind Lake-2,000 S3, 1,000 S4. Serpentine River-10,200 A4. Oven Rock Brook-3,000 83. Sisson Brook-5,000 83. Tobique River-7,100 Af. Sisson Power Dam-5,000 84. Beaver Brook-3,000 S3. Two Brooks-1,000 S3, 3,000 84. Big Gulquac River-1,000 84. Two Brooks, Left Br.-4,000 84. Big Gulquac River, S.B.-4,000 S3. Wolverton Brook-4,000 U. Burnt Land Brook-5,500 S3. EVerett Brook-1,000 S3, 3,000 S4. Atlantic Salmon 153,600 Johnston Brook-2,000 S4. Speclded Trout 76,000 Little Burnt Land Brook-4,500 S3. Little Gulquac Brook-4,000 53. Total 229,600

Miramichi Fish Culture Station

Kent County- Lower S.W. Miramkhi River-90,000 Ad, Miramichi River- 150,000 Al, 142,000 A2, 57,000 A4. Bass River-6,000 54. Catamaran River-6,000 U. Buctouche River-22,500 Si, 8,000 S4. Nappan River-18,000 Si. Cocagne River-22,500 Si, 8,000 S4. Northwest Miramichi River-90,000 Ad, Grand Alduane River-20,000 Si. 225,000 Al, 222,000 A2, 42,000 A4. Si, Kouchibouguac River-15,000 15,000 Buckley Pond-8,000 53. 83, 5,000 54. Little River-6,000 U, 2,000 55. Kouchibouguassis River-15,000 Si, 6,000 Millstream-60,000 A1,15, 000 A4. 84. Mullin Stream-6,000 54, 2,000 85. Richibucto River-20,000 Si, 6,000 84. Portage River-5,000 U. Salmon River-80,000 Al, 62,000 A2. Sevogle River-60,000 Al, 80,000 A2, 28,000 A4. Northumberland County-- Stewart Brook-3,500 85. Miramichi River- Trout Brook-9,000 53. Bartibog River-22,500 Si, 6,000 84, Wildcat Brook-7,000 83. 2,000 S5. River DeCashe-10,000 S2. Eskedelloc Brook-22,50081, 3,000 85. Southwest Miramichi River-230,000 Al, Green Brook-16,000 83. 29,000 A4, 8,500 AL Bay Du Vin River-15,000 53. Bamaby River-90,000 Ad, 9,000 Af. Black River-27,000 Si, 5,000 55. Bartholmew River-38,000 A3, 7,250 Burnt Church River-22,000 52, 2,000 S5. Af. Horton's Creek-4,000 85. Black Brook-4,000 85.

XXXIX Miramichi Fish Culture Station-Conc.

Northumberland County-Conc. Tabusintac River-36,000 A2, 24,000 A3. Miramichi River-Conc. Nepisiquit Brook-3,000 55. Southwest Miramichi River-Conc. North Brook-12,000 S4. Burnt Land Brook-16,000 S4. Cains River-90,000 Ad, 90,000 Al, York County- 80,000 A2, 14,000 A4, 19,000 M. Clear Water River-20,000 A2. Southwest Miramichi River- Mill Brook-16,000 S2. Fish Lake-1,500 53. Moores Brook-16,000 S2, 2,000 S5. Little Sister Lake-750 S3. Renous River-90,000 Ad, 90,000 Al, Long Lake-750 S3. 62,000 A2, 14,000 A4, 14,000 Af. Dungarvon River-90,000 Ad, 62,000 A2, 13,500 Af. Atlantic Salmon 2,737,750 Rockey Brook-20,000 A2. SpeckledTrout 470,500 Taxis River-75,000 Al, 15,000 A4, 4,500 Af. Total 3,208,250

Saint John Fish Culture Station

Albert County-- St. Croix River- McFadden Lake-5,000 S2 Canoose River-200 Sf, 200 Sg. Petitcodiac River- Goat Brook-200 Sf, 200 Sg. Demoiselle Creek-30,000 S2. Goat Brook (Little)-20,000 S2. Follett River-13,500 Af. ICirk Brook-20,000 S2, 2,000 55. Sawmill Creek-20,000 82. Sandy Brook-20,000 S2, 2,000 55. Wolf River- Denny Stream-25,000 S2, 10,500 54. Bennett Lake-2,500 R4, 2,000 S5. Billy Weston Stream-3,500 54. Lake View-2,500 R4, 1,000 55. Hall Brook-25,000 S2. Maxwell Brook-25,000 $2. Carleton County-- Mohannas Stream- St. John River-11,000 Af. Annis Brook-10,000 Sd. Ash Brook-10,000 Sd. Charlotte County- Little Ridge Brook-10,000 Sd. Chamcook Lake-25,691 Li. Mohannas Creek-12,000 S5. Craig Brook-28,000 Si. Mohannas River-7,000 S4. Crecy Lake-13,640 R3. Mohannas River (Upper)-57,500 S2. Digdeguash River-200,000 Bi, 40,000 B3, Snipe Brook-10,000 Sd. 35,837 B4, 86 Bk, 503g. Soap Brook-10,000 Sd. Anderson Brook-14,000 Si. Stewart Brook-10,000 Sd. Bog Brook-42,000 Si. St. Patrick Lake-263 Sg. Campbell Brook-42,00081, 2,550 55. Sand Brook-500 S4. Clarence Stream-42,000 Sl. South Branch-5,000 S2. Black Brook-42,000 Si. Stein Brook-10,000 Sd. North West Branch-50,000 $2, 7,000 54. Stein Lake-10,000 Sd. Wellington Brook-28,000 Si. Waweig River-20,000 Sd, 2,550 S5. Williams Brook-20,000 Sd. Berry Brook-10,000 Sd. Gallop Brook-20,000 Sd. Gidden Brook-10,000 Sd. Porter Brook-25,000 S2. McCarlies Brook-20,000 Sd, 2,550 55. Gallop Lake-35,400 S2. McGuire Brook-10,000 Sd. Gallop Stream-100,000 S2. Twin Lake-263 Sg. Lepreau River-5,100 Af. Mosquito Lake-7,680 S2. Kent County-- Long Lake-2,550 55. Kouchibouguac River-8,500 S2. Magaguadavic River-21,200 Af. Coi Brook-42,000 Si. Kings County-- Miners Lake-3,200 54. Canaan River- New River-48,900 A2, 11,100 Af, 27,400 Ridge Brook-40,000 Si. 53. Thornes Brook-40,000 Si. Orange Cove Brook-10,000 Sd. Cement Pond-10,000 Sl. Pocologan River-48,900 A2, 18,200 AI, Hammond River- 27,400 53. Cassidy Lake-3,050 S5, 400 Sf. Pocologan River (Little)-18,500 S3. Drummond Lake-5,000 Si. Red Rock Lake-25,000 Si. Little Harvey Lake-500 S2. Sparks Lake-25,000 Si , McLeod Brook-10,000 Sd, 5,000 Si.

XL Saint John Fish Culture Station-Conc. Kings County--C-onc. Four Mile Lake-10,000 S3. Mechanic Lake-4,800 84. Pats Lake-10,00 53. Patterson Pond-1,000 S2. Rody Lake-10,000 S3. Round Lake-15,000 S3. Black River-35,000 Al, 29,335 A2, 14,000 St. John River- Af, 20,000 &I Kennebecasis River-57,680 A2, 20,288 Black River East-20,000 Sd. AI, 4,800 S4, 1,100 Sf, 200 Sg. Grassy Lake-35,000 82. Bellisle Creek-50,000 Sd, 30,000 S2. Taylor Lake-25,000 Si. Sherwood Brook-10,000 S2. Blindman Lake-537 Rg, 135 Sf. Drury Cove Brook-10,000 Sd. Clear Lake-10,000 S2. Headwaters-35,000 Si, 50,000 S2. Hammond River-60,000 51, 50,000 S2. Jefferies Brook-10,000 51. Barnesville Brook-15,000 Si, 20,000 52. Millstream-40,000 Sd, 10,000 Si, Germaine Brook-35,000 5d, 30,000 52. 30,000 52, 475 5f, 100 Sg. Hanford Brook-35,000 Sd, 25,000 S2. Mitchell Brook-10,000 A2, 10,000 Sd. Hanson Brook-25,00081. Moosehom Creek-I0,000 A2. Henry Lake-25,000 Sd. Moosehorn River-10,000 Sd. Hoppy Lake-7,000 S3. Moss Glen Lake-5,000 S2. Kennebecasis River- Pikwaket Brook-10,000 Si. Cherry Lake-8,000 52. Portage River-35,000 S3. Dolan Lake-10,000 S2, 1,500 54, 270 Sf. Smith Creek-45,000 A2, 45,000 SI, Adams Lake-15,000 Si, 15,000 S2, 100,000 82. 1,500 54. Chestnut Brook-15,000 Sd. McCormac Lake-30,000 51, 15,000 McGregor Stream-15,000 Sd. S2, 1,500 S4. Sally Brook-15,000 Si. Ritchie Lake-2,000 S4. Windgap Brook-5,000 81. Little River- South Branch-20,000 SI, 7,200 S4. Boas Lake-8,000 S2. Stone Brook-10,000 Sd, 5,000 Si. Douglas Lake-70,000 Bi. Trout Brook-I5,000 Sd, 50,000 S2. Elderly Brook-I0,000 Sd, 15,000 S2. Parlee Brook-15,000 Sd. Graham Lake-32,000 82. Trout Creek-20,000 Si. Treadwell Lake-40,000 Si, 30,000 32, _ Wards Creek-20,000 Si, 2,400 S4. 1,500 S4, 135 Sf. Wetmore Lake-5,000 S2. Marsh Creek- Kodvilmann Pond-100 S2. Ashburn Lake-10,000 S2. Mud Lake-2,000 S2. Northumberland County-- Mispec River-30,000 Al, 27,800 A2, 8,000 N.W. Miramichi River-9,900 M. AI, 15,000 Sd, 10,000 S2. Brandy Brook-8,000 S2. .Queens County-- Loch Lomond Lake-15,000 Sd, 75,000 Si, Beaver Dam-1,000 Sd. 40,000 S2, 1,500 S4, 1,581 5£ Cumberland Bay Creek-3,500 S2, 765 55. McBrien Lake-1,500 S4. D'Aoust Pond-1,000 S2. McCracken Lake-20,000 S2, 1,500 54, Grand Lake- 2708f. Newcastle Creek-4,750 S2. Second Lake-40,000 SI, 1,523 Sf. Young Cove Stream-1,750,52, 765 55. Terrio Lake-1,500 54. Kellys Pond-1,875 S2. Wilmot Stream-25,000 Sd, 25,000 S2. Salmon River- Musquash River- Big Forks-50,000 si, 15,000 S2. Anderson's Lake-10,000 82. Castaway Brook-30,000 Si, 7,500 32. Musquash River East-8,000 Si, 2,536 53. Friel Brook-3,750 52. Ocean View Memorial Garden's Artificial Gaspereaux River-600 Sf. Lake-500 S2. Gray Brook-3,750 82. St. John River- Lambs Brook-20,000 Si. Back Dam-1,000 S2. Little Forks-35,000 51, 7,500 52. Mary Ann Hole-2,000 S2. Little River-5,250 S2. Mayflower or Dark Lake-3,000 S2. North Forks-7,500 S2, 765 55. Tufts Lake-10,000 83. Salmon Creek-40,000 Si, 765 55. Tynemouth Creek-20,000 Al, 10,000 A2. Storkey Brook-1,875 52. Sunbury County-- Sc. John County-- Balls Lake-5,000 52. Oromocto River-23,600 A2, 30,000 A3, Big Salmon River-11,420 A2, 15,960 Af, 19,240 A£ 1,771 Ag, 191 Ah. Boone Brook-55,000 Sd. Chisholm Lake-1,000 52. Gallagher Brook-28,000 Si. Crow Brook-5,000 A2. Hardwood Creek-70,000 Si. Donnelly Lake-10,000 S3. Lyons Stream-20,000 Sd. Falls Brook-1,500 A2. Morance River (Big)-35,000 Sd.

XLI Saint John Hsi' Culture Station-Conc. Sunbury County-Conc. York County- Oromocto River-Conc. Digdeguash River-3,360 52. Nason Brook-35,000 Si. Magaguadavic River-5,600 34, 700 Sf, 550 Otter Brook-70,000 Si. Sg. Porcupine Brook-30,000 Sd. Beaver Brook-2,680 52. Scribner Brook-21,000 Si. Three Tree Creek-40,000 Sd. Davis Brook-2,800 54. Yoho Brook (Big)-20,000 Sd, 28,000 Si. Deadwater Brook (Lower)-15,000 S2. Brook (Little)-28,000 Si. Yoho Deaciwater Brook (Upper)-15,000 S2, Peltoma Lake-27,500 S2, 375 Sf. 5,600 54. Peltoma Stream-10,000 S2. Diggitywash River-1,400 S2. Harvey Lake-32,76I A3. Westmorland County- Kedron Lake (Big)-37,500 32. Abougoggan River-10,000 82. Kedron Lake (Little)-25,000 S2, 375 Sf. Aboushagan River-25,500 S2. McAdam Frul Brook-25,000 Si. Reservoir-2,060 82, 173 Sg. Kouchibouguac River-12,000 S2. N.E. Branch-15,000 S2. Moonlight Lake-5,000 Si, 5,000 52. Oliver Brook-3,000 52. Petitcodiac River- Trout Brook (Lower)-15,000 82, 2,800 Anagance River-8,000 53. S4. Burgess Pond-5,000 Sd. Trout Brook (Upper)-15,000 32, 5,600 North River-50,000 33. 34. Bennet Brook-35,000 Si. Trout Brook-2,900 S2. Blakeney Brook-10,000 Si. Chapman Brook-15,000 51. Atlantic Salmon 646,346 Gordon Brook-10,000 Si. Brown Trout 345,923 Keith Brook-10,000 SI. McHoy Brook-10,000 Si. Rainbow Trout 19,177 Mill Brook-10,000 Si. Sebago Salmon 25,691 Walker Brook-10,000 Si. Speckled Trout 4,327,864 Shediac River-50,000 32. Scoudouc River-36,000 S2. Total 5,365,001

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Cardigan Fish Culture Station Kings County-- McCarnies Pond-3,000 S3. Bear River-6,000 52, 4,000 34. Mcaures Pond-5,000 S3, 6,000 S4. Boughton River-6,000 S3. McMillans Pond-1,500 54. Greystone Creek-3,000 32, 3,000 54. Midget' River-40,000 A2, 40,000 A3, Ross' Pond-6,000 S2. 10,000 83, 7,000 34. Whitlocks Pond-4,000 S3. MclCinnon's Stream-6,000S3. Brudenell River- Mitchell River-3,000 S3, 4,000 54. Bells Brook-10,000 54. Montague River-10,000 83, 8,000 S4. Jackson's Stream-2,000 84. Browns Creek-4,000 S2. MacQuarrie's Pond-1,000 54. Knox's Pond-6,000 S2. Mrllish's Pond-7,000 S3. G. MacDonald's Pond-2,000 32. Cardigan River-8,000 S3, 2,000 34, McRae's Pond-5,000 S2, 2,000 S4. Lewis Pond-2,000 54. Valleyfield Stream-6,000 S3, 4,000 54. East Lake-6,000 S3, 3,000 84. Johnston's Pond-1,000 54. MacDonald's Brook-3,000 S3. Morell River-25,000 A2, 60,000 A3, Easton's Pond-5,00034. 10,000 S3, 8,000S4. Fiteatricks Pond-8,000 S2, 8,000 34. Baldwin Road Brook-4,000 53, 2,000 SI, Fortune River- Crane's Pond-4,000 S2. Big Brook-5,000 S3. Crane's Stream-3,000 32. Dingwells Stream-6,000 53. Leards Pond-5,000 32. Fox River-4,000 S3. MacAulays Pond-3,00034. Grahams Pond-3,000 83. MacAulays Stream-4,000 52. Greek River-5,000 S2. Mooneys Pond-4,000 S2. Finlaysons Pond-6,000 S2, 5,000 S4. Naufrage River-21,000 A2, 26,000 A3, Hay River-8,000 U. 6,000 52. Kennedy Pond-1,000 54. Larkins Pond-4,000 32, 3,000 84. Lakeside Pond-4,200 R4. Nicholsons Pond-2,000 84. Lavandier's Pond-2,000 54. North Lake-5,000 S3, 3,000 34. XLII Cardigan Fish Culture Station-Conc. Kings County-Conc. Queens County-- Pine Brook-7,000 S3. Bagnalls Pond-5,000 63, 2,000 84. Priests Pond-4,000 S2, 3,000 S4. Bagnalls Pond (Hazel Grove)-4,000 83, Quigleys Pond-5,000 63. 2,000 S4. Schooner Pond-3,000 S4. Clyde River- Stricklands Pond-8,000 S3, 5,000 54. Beers Pond-3,000 82, 1,500 S4. Sturgeon River-7,000 53. Scotts Pond-3,000 S2, 1,500 84. Moore's Pond-996 R5, 10,000 S3, 5,000 Comptons Pond-6,000 53, 2,000 S4. 54. Cooks Pond-4,000 S3. Whim Road Brook-3,000 83. Flat River- Town Pond-2,000 S3. Beatons Mill Pond-6,000 54. Warren's Stream-3,000 53. McPhersons Pond-5,000 S3, 4,000 S4. Websters Pond-9,000 54. Gurneys Stream-3,000 S3, 3,000 54. Whalens Stream-5,000 83. Hillsboro River- Cherry Hill Stream-2,000 S4. Prince County- East River-4,000 53, 4,000 54. Bain's Stream-4,000 84. Glenfinnan Lake-15,000 R2, 10,000 R4 Barbara Weit River-6,000 84. Hope River-6,000 U. Barlow's Pond-6,000 S4. Simpsons Pond-1,000 R5. Dunk River-40,000 A3, 6,000 R4, 3,000 S4. Jays Pond-3,00054. Scales Pond-6,000 R3, 3,000 53, 3,000 84. Mathesons Pond-4,00064. Wrights Pond-6,000 53. MacMillans Pond-10,00084. Enmore River-4,000 S3. Parsons Pond-4,000 S3. Fergusons Pond-4,000 54. Pinette River- Gordons Pond-4,000 84. McPhersons Pond-5,000 S3. Greens Stream-6,000 84. Twin Ponds-3,000 S4. Marchbanks Pond-2,00084. Redding's Pond-4,000 84. Mill River- Stanley River- Cains Stream-5,000 S3. Coles Pond-5,000 53. Gards Stream-5,000 S3. Founds Pond-3,000 83. Pierre Jacques River-5,000 53. Howetts Pond-5,000 S3. McWilliam's Pond-5,000 53. Tracadie Bay- Sheep River-6,000 S4. Blooming Point Pond-3,000 52, 3,000 54. Tignish River-20,000 A3, 6,000 83. MacAulays Stream-3,000 S2, 3,000 S4. Arsenaults Pond-6,000 S4. Winter River-5,000 53, 4,000 S4. Blanchards Pond-6,000 S4. Vernon River- Harpers Stream-6,000 S4. Little Tignish River-6,000 S4. Lanes Brook-2,000 83. Myricks Pond-3,000 S3. McLeans Pond-3,000 82. Trout River-10,000 A3. Tryon River- Atlantic Salmon 282,000 Ives Pond-4,000 53, 1,500 S4. Rainbow Trout 43,196 Lords Pond-6,000 S3, 1,500 54. Speckled Trout 664,500 Waddels Pond-7,00084. Warrens Stream-7,000 84. Total 989,696

Kelly's Pond Fish Culture Station

Kings County-- Prince County-- Big Brook-2,000 S2. Barlow Pond-2,000 82. Big Pond-4,000 S2. Black Brook-2,000 Si. East River-3,000 52. Black Pond-2,900 Si. Finlaysons Pond-2,000 S2. Lot 40 Pond-7,000 Sd. Brae River-2,000 52. MacLeod's Pond-4,000 S2. Carr's Brook-2,000 Si. Montague Electric Pond-4,200 Si. Clark's Stream-2,000 Si. River-29,800 Al. Morell 52. Curries Pond-3,000 Cranes Pond-2,000 52. Dunk River-1,940 82. Leard's Pond-2,000 62. Calbeck's Pond-5,000 82. Naufrage River-3,000 52. Scales Pond-3,000 82. Larkin's Pond-3,000 52. Wright-Leard's Pond-3,700 S2. Ross Pond-2,000 S2. Enmore River-2,000 S2. St. Charles Pond-10,000 Sd. Getson Pond-3,000 82. Woodville Mills-3,500 Si. Hunter Pond-4,000 52. XLIII Kelly's Pond Fish Culture Station--Conc.

Prince County--Conc. East River- Ira Banks Pond-2,000 S2. Clark's Stream-3,000 S2. Ives Pond-1,530 S2. Glenfirman River-3,000 52. Kelly's Stream-2,000 Si. Essery's Pond-5,000 Sd. Kildare River- Gates' Pond-1,500 S2. Conroy's Pond-2,300 Si. Hillsboro River- Gordon's Pond-3,000 Si. Ing's Pond-800 S2. Pond-2,000 82. Leard's Reg's Pond-1,000 Sd. Luttrel Stream-2,000 SI. Houston Pond-2,000 Si. McLellan Stream-2,000 Si. Hunter River- 62. McNally's Stream-2,000 Bagnall's Pond-3,000 Si. Mill River- Campbell's Pond-2,000 S2. Bell's Stream-2,000 S2. Milton Pond-10,000 Sd. MacAusland's Pond-2,000 Si. Orwell River-2,800 Si. Richard's Pond-3,000 S2. Rattenbury River- Pond-3,000 Si. Myer's Stream-3,000 Si. Howatt's Taylor's Pond-2,000 Si. Pond (Little)-3,600 Nail Si, Ross' or MacLean's Pond-4,000 S2. Round Pond-2,300 Si. West River-4,000 52. Seacow Pond-2,200 Sl. Brookvale Stream-4,400 S2. Wilmot River Pond-5,000 S2. Wheatley River- Crooked Creek-2,000 52. Zueens County-- Rackham's Pond-3,000 Si. Brander's Pond-2,200 S2. River-5,000 S2. Winter Buell's Pond-1,500 S2. Wisener's Pond-3,000 Si. Cousin's Pond-2,200 S2. Crapaud River- Atlantic Salmon 29,800 Leard's Pond-3,000 Si. Speckled Trout 211,570 Pond-3,000 Si. Stordy's Dixons Stream-3,000 Si. • Total 241,370

XLIV