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Life and Earth Sciences NO. 1 Fieldiana: Sciences, Life and Earth No. 1 Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outline of Ascomycota–2009 Part Two. Notes on Ascomycete Systematics. Nos. 4751–5113

H. Thorsten Lumbsch Sabine M. Huhndorf

December 27, 2010 Field Museum of Natural History Publication 1557 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Telephone: (312) 665-7769 Publication Note Fieldiana: Life and Earth Sciences, ISSN 2158-5520 This volume also represents Myconet Formed by the merger of: (ISSN 1403-1418) Volume 14. Fieldiana: Botany (ISSN 0015-0746); Fieldiana: Geology (ISSN 0096-2651); Fieldiana: Zoology (ISSN 0015-0754).

Mission Fieldiana is a peer-reviewed monographic series published by the Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana focuses on mid- length monographs and scientific papers pertaining to collections and research at the Field Museum. With this issue Fieldiana will appear in two series: Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences and Fieldiana Anthropology.

Eligibility Field Museum curators, research associates, and full-time scientific professional staff may submit papers for consideration. Edited volumes pertaining to Field Museum collections may also be submitted for consideration under a subsidy arrangement. The submission and peer review of these chaptered volumes should be arranged well in advance with the managing scientific editor and the appropriate associate editor.

Submission Procedures Submission procedures are detailed in a separate document called “SUBMISSIONS PROCEDURES” available on the Fieldiana web site: (http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/fieldiana/) under the Author’s page. All manuscripts should be submitted to the managing scientific editor.

Editorial Contributors: Managing Scientific Editor Associate Editor for this volume Janet Voight ([email protected]) Margaret Thayer

Editorial Assistant Co-Associate Editors for Fieldiana Anthropology Chris C. Jones ([email protected]) Jonathan Haas ([email protected]) Gary Feinman ([email protected]) Associate Editors for Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences Thorsten Lumbsch ([email protected]) Olivier Rieppel ([email protected]) Margaret Thayer ([email protected])

Cover images: A. Camillea lepreurii, French Guiana, SMH3681; B. Wegelina discreta, Indiana, SMH5315; C. Zignoella sp., Costa Rica, EN3099; D. unknown Leotiomycetidae, Costa Rica, s.n.; E. Xenolophium pachythele, Costa Rica, SMH4022; F. unknown Pleo- sporomycetidae, Costa Rica, IL1559; G. Teichospora sp., Illinois, SMH5181; H. Heptameria sp., Australia, K(M)78723; I. Menegazzia sp., Tasmania, s.n.; J. Glossodium aversum, Costa Rica, s.n.; K. Splanchnonema sp., Puerto Rico, SMH1425; L. Arnium macrotheca, Costa Rica, SMH3253.1; M. unknown Tetraplosphaeriaceae, Panama, SMH3414.

Photographic credit: A–C, E–H, L, M by Sabine Huhndorf; D, J by Robert Lücking; I by Todd Widhelm, K by George Mugambi. Life and Earth Sciences NO. 1

Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outline of Ascomycota—2009 Part Two. Notes on Ascomycete Systematics. Nos. 4751–5113

H. Thorsten Lumbsch Sabine M. Huhndorf Department of Botany Department of Botany Field Museum Field Museum 1400 S Lake Shore Drive 1400 S Lake Shore Drive Chicago, IL 60605 Chicago, IL 60605 [email protected] [email protected]

Accepted August 26, 2010 Published December 27, 2010 Publication 1557 Associate Editor for this volume was Margaret Thayer.

PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY g 2010 Field Museum of Natural History ISSN 2158-5520 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Table of Contents

Part One. Outline of Ascomycota—2009

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 LITERATURE CITED ...... 1 INDEX TO ASCOMYCOTA ...... 1 SUBPHYLUM TAPHRINOMYCOTINA ...... 1 Class Neolectomycetes ...... 1 Class Pneumocystidomycetes ...... 1 Class Schizosaccharomycetes ...... 2 Class Taphrinomycetes ...... 2 SUBPHYLUM SACCHAROMYCOTINA ...... 2 Class Saccharomycetes ...... 2 SUBPHYLUM PEZIZOMYCOTINA ...... 3 Class Arthoniomycetes ...... 3 Class Dothideomycetes ...... 3 Subclass Dothideomycetidae ...... 3 Subclass Pleosporomycetidae ...... 4 Dothideomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera ...... 7 Class Eurotiomycetes ...... 12 Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae ...... 12 Subclass Eurotiomycetidae ...... 13 Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae ...... 14 Class Geoglossomycetes ...... 14 Class Laboulbeniomycetes ...... 14 Class Lecanoromycetes ...... 16 Subclass Acarosporomycetidae ...... 16 Subclass Ostropomycetidae ...... 16 Subclass Lecanoromycetidae ...... 18 Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis: orders, genera ...... 22 Class Leotiomycetes ...... 23 Leotiomycetes incertae sedis: families, genera ...... 28 Class Lichinomycetes ...... 28 Class Orbiliomycetes ...... 28 Class Pezizomycetes ...... 28 Class Sordariomycetes ...... 30 Subclass Hypocreomycetidae ...... 30 Subclass Sordariomycetidae ...... 33 Subclass Xylariomycetidae ...... 36 Sordariomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera ...... 38 Pezizomycotina incertae sedis: orders, families ...... 40 Ascomycota incertae sedis: families, genera ...... 40

Part Two. Notes on Ascomycete Systematics. Nos. 4751–5113

INTRODUCTION ...... 42 LITERATURE CITED ...... 59

iii Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outline of Ascomycota—2009 Part Two. Notes on Ascomycete Systematics. Nos. 4751–5113 H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Sabine M. Huhndorf

Abstract

Part One presents the current classification that includes all accepted genera and higher taxa above the generic level in the phylum Ascomycota. It is based on the changes listed in Myconet notes 4751–5113. In the current outline, three subphyla (Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina) are accepted. Taphrinomycotina includes four classes (Neolectomycetes, Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomyces, Taphrinomycetes). Saccharomycotina consists of one class and Pezizomycotina includes eleven classes (Arthoniomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Geoglossomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, Lecanoromycetes, Leotiomycetes, Lichinomycetes, Orbiliomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes). Part Two presents 363 notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of ascomycetes(Ascomycota) at the generic and higher levels. Numerous changes in higher levels resulted from multi-authored phylogenetic papers resulting from the AFTOL and Deep Hyphae projects, especially a publication on a revised fungal classification spearheaded by David Hibbett in 2007 and a 2009 volume of Studies in Mycology edited by Conrad Schoch and others dedicated to the phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes. The new name Alectoria gowardii Lumbsch is proposed for Gowardia arctica P. Halonen, L. Myllys, S. Velmala & H. Hyva¨rinen (non Alectoria arctica Elenkin & Savicz).

PART ONE. OUTLINE OF ASCOMYCOTA—2009 eleven orders, and numerous unclassified families. Eurotiomy- cetes includes two subclasses and six families. Laboulbeniomy- Introduction cetes has two orders, whereas Lecanoromycetes consists of three subclasses and ten orders and includes numerous The present classification is based in part on earlier versions unclassified families and genera. Leotiomycetes includes five published in Systema Ascomycetum and Myconet (ISSN 1403- orders. The large class Sordariomycetes is divided into three 1418; see http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/) and reflects subclasses and includes 18 orders and various unclassified the changes listed in Myconet Notes Nos. 4751–5113 (Part families and genera. Two orders (Medeolariales, Triblidiales) Two). It includes all accepted genera and higher taxa of are currently not placed in any class, but in Pezizomycotina Ascomycota. Generic names synonymized since 2007 are incertae sedis. Twenty families are not placed in any class and included in the outline, indented under their accepted name 116 genera have unclarified placements in Ascomycota. and preceded by an equal sign (5). In future outlines, attempts will be made to incorporate all synonymous generic names. For a list of synonymous generic names, see Eriksson and Literature Cited Hawksworth (1998). A question mark (?) indicates that the ERIKSSON, O. E., AND D. L. HAWKSWORTH. 1998. Outline of the position of the taxon is uncertain. An asterisk (*) following the ascomycetes—1998. Systema Ascomycetum 16: 83–296. name indicates an entry in the ‘‘Notes’’ section in part two of this volume. Index to Ascomycota In the current outline, three subphyla (Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina) are accepted. Taphrino- Phylum ASCOMYCOTA Caval.-Sm.* mycotina includes four classes (Neolectomycetes, Pneumocys- Subphylum TAPHRINOMYCOTINA O. E. Erikss. & tidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, Taphrinomycetes), the Winka first three with one order and one family, the last with one Class Neolectomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka order and two families. Saccharomycotina consists of one class (Saccharomycetes), which includes one order with 12 families Neolectales Landvik,O.E.Erikss.,Gargas&P.Gustafsson and nine unclassified genera. Pezizomycotina includes eleven Neolectaceae Redhead classes (Arthoniomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Neolecta Speg. Geoglossomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, Lecanoromycetes, Leotiomycetes, Lichinomycetes, Orbiliomycetes, Pezizomy- Class Pneumocystidomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka cetes, Sordariomycetes). Arthoniomycetes, Geoglossomycetes, Pneumocystidales O. E. Erikss. Lichinomycetes, Orbiliomycetes, and Pezizomycetes each con- Pneumocystidaceae O. E. Erikss. sists of one order. Dothideomycetes includes two subclasses, Pneumocystis P. Delanoe¨ & Delanoe¨

FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES, N.S., NO. 1, December 27, 2010, pp. 1–641 Class Schizosaccharomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka Pichiaceae Zender* Schizosaccharomycetales O. E. Erikss., Svedskog & Dekkera Van der Walt Landvik Kregervanrija Kurtzman Schizosaccharomycetaceae Beij. ex Klo¨ cker Komagataella Y. Yamada, M. Matsuda, K. Maeda & Schizosaccharomyces Lindner Mikata* Phaffomyces Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. Ando & Mikata* Class Taphrinomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka Pichia E. C. Hansen* Taphrinales Ga¨ um. & C. W. Dodge 5 Issatchenkia Kudrjanzev* Protomycetaceae Gray Saturnispora Z. W. Liu & Kurtzman Burenia M. S. Reddy & C. L. Kramer Protomyces Unger Saccharomycetaceae G. Winter Protomycopsis Magnus ?Citeromyces Santa Maria Taphridium Lagerh. & Juel ex Juel ?Cyniclomyces Van der Walt & D. B. Scott Volkartia Maire ?Debaryomyces Lodder & Kreger ex Kreger Kazachstania Zubcova Taphrinaceae Gaum. ¨ 5 Arxiozyma Van der Walt & Yarrow Taphrina Fr. Kluyveromyces Van der Walt Taphrinomycetes, genus incertae sedis Kuraishia Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata Saitoe¨lla S. Goto, J. Sugiyama, M. Hamamoto & K. Kurtzmaniella M.A. Lachance & W. T. Starmer* Komagata Lachancea Kurtzman ?Lodderomyces Van der Walt Subphylum SACCHAROMYCOTINA O. E. Erikss. & Nakaseomyces Kurtzman Winka Naumovozyma Kurtzman* Class Saccharomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka 5 Naumovia Kurtzman* 5 Hemiascomycetes Engl. ?Ogataea Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata* Saccharomycetales Kudrjanzev ?Pachysolen Boidin & Adzet Ascoideaceae J. Schro¨ ter Saccharomyces Meyen Ascoidea Bref. Spathaspora Nguyen, S. O. Suh & M. Blackw. Tetrapisispora Ueda-Nishimura & K. Mikata Cephaloascaceae L. R. Batra Vanderwaltozyma Kurtzman Cephaloascus Hanawa Torulaspora Lindner Dipodascaceae Engl. & E. Gilg ?Williopsis Zender* Dipodascus Lagerh. 5 Lindnera Kurtzman, Robnett & Basehoar-Powers* Galactomyces Redhead & Malloch Zygosaccharomyces Barker ?Sporopachydermia Rodr. Mir. Zygotorulaspora Kurtzman ?Yarrowia Van der Walt & Arx Saccharomycodaceae Kudrjanzev Endomycetaceae J. Schro¨ t. ?Hanseniaspora Zikes Ascocephalophora K. Matsush. & Matsush. ?Nadsonia Syd. Endomyces Reess Saccharomycodes E. C. Hansen ?Phialoascus Redhead & Malloch ?Wickerhamia Soneda

Eremotheciaceae Kurtzman Saccharomycopsidaceae Arx & Van der Walt Eremothecium Borzı´ ?Ambrosiozyma Van der Walt ?Coccidiascus Chatton Arthroascus Arx Saccharomycopsis Schiønning Lipomycetaceae E. K. Nova´ k & Zsolt* Dipodascopsis L. R. Batra & Millner Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman & Robnett Babjevia van der Walt & M. Th. Smith* Sugiyamaella Kurtzman & Robnett Lipomyces Lodder & Kreger Trichomonascus H. S. Jackson 5 Kawasakia Y. Yamada & Nogawa* Stephanoascus M. T. Sm., Van der Walt & Johannsen 5 Smithiozyma Van der Walt, J. L. F. Koch & Y. Wickerhamiella Van der Walt Yamada Zygoascus M. T. Sm. 5 Waltomyces Y. Yamada & Nakase 5 Zygozyma Van der Walt & Arx* Saccharomycetales, genera incertae sedis Ascobotryozyma J. Kerrigan, M. T. Sm. & J. D. Rogers Metschnikowiaceae T. Kamienski Barnettozyma Kurtzman, Robnett & Basehoar-Powers* Clavispora Rodr. Mir. Hyphopichia von Arx & van der Walt Metschnikowia T. Kamienski Kodamaea Y. Yamada, T. Suzuki, Matsuda & Mikata

2 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Nakazawaea Y. Yamada, Maeda & Mikata Ingaderia Darb. Starmera Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. Ando & Mikata Lecanactis Ko¨ rb. Starmerella Rosa & Lachance Lecanographa Egea & Torrente Wickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett & Basehoar- Mazosia A. Massal. Powers* Minksia Mu¨ ll. Arg. Yamadazyma Billon-Grand Opegrapha Ach. 5 Dictyographa Mu¨ ll. Arg. Subphylum PEZIZOMYCOTINA O. E. Erikss. & Winka Pentagenella Darb.* Class Arthoniomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka 5 Camanchaca Follm.& Peine* Arthoniales Henssen ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss.* Peterjamesia D. Hawksw. Arthoniaceae Reichenb. ex Reichenb. Phacographa Hafellner* Amazonomyces Bat. Phacothecium Trevis.* Arthonia Ach. Phoebus R. C. Harris & Ladd Arthothelium A. Massal. Plectocarpon Fe´ e Coniarthonia Grube Protoroccella L. M. Sa´ nchez-Pinto & M. Schulz* Cryptothecia Stirt. ?Pseudolecanactis Zahlbr. Eremothecella Syd. & P. Syd. Roccella DC.* ?Gymnographoidea Fink 5 Roccellodea Darb.* Herpothallon Tobler* Roccellina Darb.* Paradoxomyces Matzer 5 Roccellaria Darb.* Sagenidiopsis R. W. Rogers & Hafellner Roccellographa J. Steiner Sporostigma Grube Sagenidium Stirt. Stirtonia A. L. Sm. Schismatomma Flot. & Ko¨ rb. ex A. Massal. Synarthothelium Sparrius* Schizopelte Th. Fr. Tylophoron Nyl. ex Stizenb.* Sclerophyton Eschw. Sigridea Tehler Chrysotrichaceae Zahlbr. Simonyella J. Steiner Byssocaulon Mont. Streimannia G. Thor Chrysothrix Mont. Syncesia Taylor ?Melaspileaceae W. Watson Arthoniales, genera incertae sedis ?Encephalographa A. Massal. Arthophacopsis Hafellner Melaspilea Nyl. Catarraphia A. Massal. Roccellaceae Chevall. ?Hormosphaeria Le´ v. Ancistrosporella G. Thor Llimonaea Egea & Torrente Angiactis Aptroot & Sparrius* Nipholepis Syd. Bactrospora A. Massal. Perigrapha Hafellner Chiodecton Ach. Pulvinodecton Henssen & G. Thor Combea De Not. Sipmania Egea & Torrente Cresponea Egea & Torrente Synarthonia Mu¨ ll. Arg. Darbishirella Zahlbr. ex Darb. Tania Egea, Torrente & Sipman Dendrographa Darb. ?Tarbertia Dennis Dichosporidium Pat. Trichophyma Rehm Diplogramma Mu¨ ll. Arg. Tylophorella Vain. Dirina Fr. Wegea Aptroot & Tibell Dirinastrum Mu¨ ll. Arg. Class Dothideomycetes sensu O. E. Erikss. & Winka Dolichocarpus R. Sant. Subclass Dothideomycetidae P. M. Kirk, P. F. Cannon, Enterodictyon Mu¨ ll. Arg. J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers ex C. L. Schoch, Enterographa Fe´ e Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker Erythrodecton G. Thor Capnodiales Woron. Feigeana Mies, Lumbsch & Tehler Antennulariellaceae Woron. Follmanniella Peine & Werner Achaetobotrys Bat. & Cif. Gorgadesia Tav. Antennulariella Woron. Graphidastra (Redinger) G. Thor ?Halographis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Capnodiaceae (Sacc.) Ho¨ hn. ex Theiss. Haplodina Zahlbr. ?Aithaloderma Syd. & P. Syd. Hubbsia W. A. Weber ?Anopeltis Bat. & Peres 5 Reinkella Darb.* ?Callebaea Bat.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 3 Capnodaria (Sacc.) Theiss. & Syd. Dothioraceae Theiss. & H. Syd. Capnodium Mont. ?Botryochora Torrend ?Capnophaeum Speg. Delphinella (Sacc.) Kuntze ?Ceramoclasteropsis Bat. & Cavalc. Dothiora Fr. ?Echinothecium Zopf Endodothiora Petr. ?Hyaloscolecostroma Bat. & J. Oliviera ?Jaffuela Speg. Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd. ?Phaeocryptopus Naumov* ?Polychaeton (Pers.) Le´ v. Plowrightia Sacc. ?Scoriadopsis Mend. Saccothecium Fr. Scorias Fr. Sydowia Bres. Yoshinagaia P. Henn. Coccodiniaceae Ho¨ hn. ex O. E. Erikss. Coccodinium A. Massal. Teratosphaeriaceae Crous & U. Braun* Dennisiella Bat. & Cif. Teratosphaeria Syd. & P. Syd. Limacinula Ho¨ hn. Myriangiales Starba¨ ck Davidiellaceae C. L. Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Elsinoaceae Ho¨ hn. ex Sacc. & Trotter Shoemaker Beelia F. Stevens & R. W. Ryan ex F. Stevens Davidiella Crous & U. Braun Butleria Sacc. Elsinoe¨ Racib. Dissoconiaceae Crous & de Hoog* Hemimyriangium J. Reid & Piroz. Dissoconium de Hoog, Oorschot & Hijwegen Hyalotheles Speg. Metacapnodiaceae Hughes & Corlett Micularia Boedijn Metacapnodium Speg. Molleriella G. Winter Saccardinula Speg. Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau Stephanotheca Syd. & P. Syd. Achorodothis Syd. Xenodium Syd. Brunneosphaerella Crous* Cymadothea F. A. Wolf Myriangiaceae Nyl. Euryachora Fuckel ?Anhellia Racib. Gillotia Sacc. & Trotter Diplotheca Starb. Melanodothis R. Arnold ?Eurytheca De Seynes Mycosphaerella Johanson Myriangium Mont. & Berk. ?Placocrea Syd. Subclass Pleosporomycetidae C. L. Schoch, Spatafora, Polysporella Woron. Crous & Shoemaker Pseudostigmidium Etayo* Pleosporales Luttrell ex M. E. Barr Sphaerellothecium Zopf 5 Melanommatales M. E. Barr Sphaerulina Sacc. Aigialaceae Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones, Kohlm., Stigmidium Trevis. Volkm.-Kohlm. & C. L. Schoch* Wernerella Nav.-Ros., Roux & Giralt Aigialus S. Schatz & Kohlm. Piedraiaceae Vie´ gas ex Cif., Bat. & Campos Ascocratera Kohlm.* Piedraia Fons. & Leao Rimora Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., Suetrong, Sakayaroj & E. B. G. Jones* Dothideales Lindau Dothideaceae Chevall. Amniculicolaceae Yin. Zhang, C. L. Schoch, J. Fourn., ?Auerswaldia Sacc. Crous & K. D. Hyde* ?Bagnisiella Speg. Amniculicola Y. Zhang & K. D. Hyde* ?Coccostromella Petr. Murispora Yin. Zhang, C. L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & Dictyodothis Theiss. & Syd. K. D. Hyde* Dothidea Fr. Neomassariosphaeria Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K. D. Hyde* Lucidascocarpa A. Ferrer, Raja & Shearer* Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter Mycoporis Clem. Cucurbitaria Gray Omphalospora Theiss. & Syd. Curreya Sacc. Pachysacca Syd. ?Rhytidiella Zalasky ?Phyllachorella Syd. Syncarpella Theiss. & Syd. Scirrhia Nitschke ex Fuckel Stylodothis Arx & E. Mu¨ ll. Delitschiaceae M. E. Barr ?Vestergrenia Rehm Delitschia Auersw.

4 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Ohleriella Earle 5 Cryptovalsaria Lar. N. Vassiljeva & S. L. Semidelitschia Cain & Luck-Allen Stephenson* ?Dubitatio Speg. Diademaceae Shoemaker & C. E. Babc. Massaria De Not. Clathrospora Rabenh. Navicella Fabre Comoclathris Clem. Diadema Shoemaker & C. E. Babc. Massarinaceae Munk Diademosa Shoemaker & C. E. Babc. ?Byssothecium Fuckel* Graphyllium Clem. Massarina Sacc. Saccharicola D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp& Verkley* Didymella Sacc. ex D. Sacc.* Melanommataceae G. Winter* Leptosphaerulina McAlpine* Acrocordiopsis Borse & K. D. Hyde Macroventuria Aa ?Anomalemma Sivan. Monascostroma Ho¨ hn. Asymmetricospora J. Fro¨ hl. & K. D. Hyde Platychora Petr. Bertiella (Sacc.) Sacc. & P. Syd.* Bicrouania Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Didymosphaeriaceae Munk Byssosphaeria Cooke Appendispora K. D. Hyde Calyptronectria Speg. Didymosphaeria Fuckel ?Caryosporella Kohlm. Phaeodothis Syd. & P. Syd. Herpotrichia Fuckel* Roussoe¨lla Sacc. Javaria Boise Verruculina Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ?Mamillisphaeria K. D. Hyde, S. W. Wong & E. B. G. Jones Dothidotthiaceae Crous & A. J. L. Phillips* Melanomma Nitschke ex Fuckel Dothidotthia Ho¨ hn. Ohleria Fuckel Hypsostromataceae Huhndorf* Pseudotrichia Kirschst.* Hypsostroma Huhndorf Montagnulaceae M. E. Barr* Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C. L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous Bimuria D. Hawksw., Chea & Sheridan & K. D. Hyde* Didymocrea Kowalsky Katumotoa Kaz. Tanaka & Y. Harada* Didymosphaerella Cooke Keissleriella Ho¨ hn.* ?Kalmusia Niessl* Lentithecium K. D. Hyde, J. Fourn. & Yin. Zhang* Karstenula Speg. ?Letendraea Sacc.* Leptosphaeriaceae M. E. Barr* Montagnula Berl. Leptosphaeria Ces. & De Not. Paraphaeosphaeria O. E. Erikss. Neophaeosphaeria Caˆ mara, M. E. Palm & A. W. Morosphaeriaceae Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones & Ramaley C. L. Schoch* Lindgomycetaceae K. Hiray., Kaz. Tanaka & Shearer* Helicascus Kohlm.* Lindgomyces K. Hiray., Kaz. Tanaka & Shearer* Morosphaeria Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones & C. L. Schoch* Lophiostomataceae Sacc. Byssolophis Clem. Phaeosphaeriaceae M. E. Barr Cilioplea Munk Barria Z. Q. Yuan Epiphegia Nitschke ex G. H. Otth Bricookea M. E. Barr* Lophiella Sacc. Carinispora K. D. Hyde Lophionema Sacc. ?Chaetoplea (Sacc.) Clem. Lophiostoma Ces. & De Not. Entodesmium Riess* Lophiotrema Sacc. ?Eudarluca Speg. Massariosphaeria (E. Mu¨ ll.) Crivelli* Hadrospora Boise Misturatosphaeria Mugambi & Huhndorf* Isthmosporella Shearer & Crane Muroia I. Hino & Katum. ?Lautitia S. Schatz Quintaria Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Metameris Theiss. & Syd. Mixtura O. E. Erikss. & J. Z. Yue Massariaceae Nitschke Nodulosphaeria Rabenh. Decaisnella Fabre Ocala Raja & Shearer* Dothivalsaria Petr. Ophiobolus Riess

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 5 Ophiosphaerella Speg. Tetraplosphaeriaceae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray* Phaeosphaeria I. Miyake Polyplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray* 5 Amarenomyces O. E. Erikss.* Tetraplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray* Phaeosphaeriopsis Caˆ mara, M. E. Palm & A. W. Triplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray* Ramaley Venturiaceae E. Mull. & Arx ex M. E. Barr Pleoseptum A. W. Ramaley & M. E. Barr ¨ Acantharia Theiss. & Syd. Setomelanomma M. Morelet Antennularia Reichenb. Wilmia Dianese, Ina´ cio & Dornelo-Silva Apiosporina Ho¨ hn. Phaeotrichaceae Cain Arkoola J. Walker & Stovold Echinoascotheca Matsush. Atopospora Petr. Phaeotrichum Cain & M. E. Barr Botryostroma Ho¨ hn. Trichodelitschia Munk Caproventuria U. Braun Coleroa (Fr.) Rabenh. Pleomassariaceae M. E. Barr Crotone Theiss. & Syd. Asteromassaria Ho¨ hn. Dibotryon Theiss. & Syd. Lichenopyrenis Calatayud, Sanz & Aptroot Gibbera Fr. Peridiothelia D. Hawksw. Lasiobotrys Kunze Splanchnonema Corda ?Lineostroma H. J. Swart Pleomassaria Speg.* Metacoleroa Petr. Phaeocryptopus Naumov Pleosporaceae Nitschke Phragmogibbera Samuels & Rogerson Cochliobolus Drechsler ?Polyrhizon Theiss. & Syd. Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin Pseudoparodiella F. Stevens Decorospora Inderbitzin, Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Pyrenobotrys Theiss. & Syd. Extrawettsteinina M. E. Barr Rhizogene Syd. & P. Syd. Kriegeriella Ho¨ hn. Rosenscheldiella Theiss. & Syd. Lewia M. E. Barr & E. G. Simmons Sivanesaniella Gawande & Agarwal Macrospora Fuckel Trichodothella Petr. Platysporoides (Wehm.) Shoemaker & C. E. Babc. Trichodothis Theiss. & Syd. Pleospora Rabenh. ex Ces. & De Not. Uleodothis Theiss. & Syd. Pseudoyuconia Lar. N. Vassiljeva Venturia Sacc. Pyrenophora Fr. Xenomeris Syd. Setosphaeria K.J. Leonard & Suggs Zeuctomorpha Sivan., P. M. Kirk & Govindu Zopfiaceae G. Arnaud ex D. Hawksw. Caryospora De Not. Sporormiaceae Munk Celtidia J. M. Janse Chaetopreussia Locq.-Lin. ?Coronopapilla Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Pleophragmia Fuckel ?Halotthia Kohlm. Preussia Fuckel Pontoporeia Kohlm. Sporormia De Not. ?Rechingeriella Petr. Sporormiella Ellis & Everh. Richonia Boud. Spororminula Arx & Aa Zopfia Rabenh. Westerdykella Stolk Zopfiofoveola D. Hawksw. 5 Eremodothis Arx* Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis 5 Pycnidiophora Clum* Anteaglonium Mugambi & Huhndorf* Teichosporaceae M. E. Barr Ascorhombispora L. Cai & K. D. Hyde* Chaetomastia (Sacc.) Berl. Astrosphaeriella Syd. & P. Syd.* Immothia M. E. Barr Atradidymella Davey & Currah* Loculohypoxylon M. E. Barr Falciformispora K. D. Hyde* Sinodidymella J. Z. Yue & O. E. Erikss. Halomassarina Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones, Teichospora Fuckel Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & C. L. Schoch* Ostropella (Sacc.) Ho¨ hn.* Testudinaceae Arx Platystomum Trevis.* Lepidosphaeria Parg.-Leduc Shiraia P. Henn. Neotestudina Segretain & Destombes Tingoldiago K. Hiray. & Kaz. Tanaka* Testudina Bizz. Trematosphaeria Fuckel* Ulospora D. Hawksw., Malloch & Sivan. Xenolophium Syd.*

6 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Pleosporomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Zoggium Lar. N. Vassiljeva Farlowiella Sacc.* Hysterographium Corda* Patellariales D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss.* Patellariaceae Corda Dothideomycetes, orders incertae sedis Baggea Auersw. Acrospermales Minter, Peredo & A. T. Watson* Banhegyia Zeller & To´ th Acrospermaceae Fuckel ?Endotryblidium Petr. Acrospermum Tode Holmiella Petrini, Samuels & E. Mu¨ ll. Oomyces Berk. & Broome Lecanidiella Sherwood Lirellodisca Aptroot Botryosphaeriales C. L. Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker Murangium Seaver Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.* Patellaria Fr. Auerswaldiella Theiss. & Syd. Poetschia Ko¨ rb. Barriopsis A. J. L. Phillips & Crous* Pseudoparodia Theiss. & Syd.* Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. Rhizodiscina Hafellner Guignardia Viala & Ravaz Rhytidhysteron Speg. Leptoguignardia E. Mu¨ ll. Schrakia Hafellner Neodeightonia C. Booth* Stratisporella Hafellner Phaeobotryon Theiss. & Syd.* Tryblidaria (Sacc.) Sacc. Phaeobotryosphaeria Speg.* Saccharata Denman & Crous Trypetheliales Lu¨ cking, Aptroot & Sipman* Sivanesania W. H. Hsieh & C. Y. Chen Trypetheliaceae Zenker Spencermartinsia A. J. L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous* Aptrootia Lu¨ cking & Sipman Architrypethelium Aptroot Hysteriales Lindau Astrothelium Eschw. Hysteriaceae Chevall.* Campylothelium Mu¨ ll. Arg. Actidiographium Lar. N. Vassiljeva Exiliseptum R. C. Harris Gloniella Sacc. Laurera Reichenb. Gloniopsis De Not. ?Mycomicrothelia Keissl.* Hysterium Pers. Polymeridium (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Hysterobrevium E. W. A. Boehm & C. L. Schoch* ?Pseudopyrenula Mu¨ ll. Arg. Hysterocarina Zogg ?Trypetheliopsis Asah.* ?Hysteroglonium Rehm ex Lindau 5 Musaespora Aptroot & Sipman* ?Hysteropatella Rehm Trypethelium Sprengel Oedohysterium E. W. A. Boehm & C. L. Schoch* Ostreichnion Duby* Dothideomycetes, families incertae sedis ?Pseudoscypha J. Reid & Piroz. Psiloglonium Ho¨ hn.* Argynnaceae Shearer & J. L. Crane Argynna Morgan Jahnulales Pang, Abdel-Wahab, El-Sharouney, E. B. G. Lepidopterella Shearer & J. L. Crane Jones & Sivichai Aliquandostipitaceae Inderbitzin Arthopyreniaceae W. Watson Aliquandostipite Inderbitzin Arthopyrenia A. Massal. Jahnula Kirschst. Athrismidium Trevis. ?Megalohypha A. Ferrer & Shearer* Ascoporiaceae Kutorga & D. Hawksw. Patescopora Abdel-Wahab & El-Sharouney Pseudosolidum Lloyd

Jahnulales, genera incertae sedis Asterinaceae Hansf. Manglicola Kohlm.* Allothyrium Syd. Mytilinidiales Boehm, C. L. Schoch & Spatafora* Anariste Syd. Gloniaceae (Corda) Boehm, C. L. Schoch & Spatafora* Aphanopeltis Syd. Glonium Mu¨ hl.* Asterina Le´ v. Asterodothis Theiss. Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst.* Asterolibertia G. Arnaud Actidium Fr. Asterotexis Arx Lophium Fr. ?Aulographina Arx & E. Mu¨ ll. Mytilinidion Duby Batistinula Arx Ostreola Darker Cirsosia G. Arnaud Quasiconcha M. E. Barr & M. Blackw. Dothidasteromella Ho¨ hn.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 7 Echidnodella Theiss. & Syd. Goosia B. Song Echidnodes Theiss. & Syd. Parenglerula Ho¨ hn. Eupelte Syd. Rhizotexis Theiss. & Syd. Halbania Racib. Rhytidenglerula Ho¨ hn. Ischwaramyces V. B. Hosagoudar* Schiffnerula Ho¨ hn. Lembosia Le´ v. Thrauste Theiss. ?Lembosina Theiss. ?Lembosiopsis Theiss. Eremomycetaceae Malloch & Cain Leveillella Theiss. & Syd. Eremomyces Malloch & Cain Macowaniella Doidge Rhexothecium Samson & Mouch. Meliolaster Ho¨ hn. Euantennariaceae Hughes & Corlett ?Morenoina Theiss. Euantennaria Speg. Neostomella Syd. Rasutoria M. E. Barr Parasterinella Speg. Strigopodia Bat. Parasterinopsis Bat. Trichopeltheca Bat., C. A. A. Costa & Cif. ?Petrakina Cif. Placoasterella (Sacc.) Theiss. & Syd. Fenestellaceae M. E. Barr ?Placoasterina Toro Fenestella Tul. & C. Tul. Placosoma Syd. Lojkania Rehm Prillieuxina G. Arnaud Symphaster Theiss. & Syd. Leptopeltidaceae Ho¨ hn. ex Trotter Thyriopsis Theiss. & Syd. Dothiopeltis E. Mu¨ ll. Trichamelia Bat. Leptopeltis Ho¨ hn. Trichasterina G. Arnaud ?Nannfeldtia Petr. Uleothyrium Petr. ?Phacidina Ho¨ hn. Viegasia Bat. Ronnigeria Petr. Yamamotoa Bat. Staibia Bat. & Peres Aulographaceae Luttr. ex P. M. Kirk, P. F. Cannon & J. C. Lichenotheliaceae Henssen David Lichenostigma Hafellner Aulographum Lib. Lichenothelia D. Hawksw. Polyclypeolina Bat. & I. H. Lima ex Bat. Meliolinaceae S. Hughes Coccoideaceae P. Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc. Meliolina Syd. & P. Syd. Coccoidea P. Henn. ?Coccoidella Ho¨ hn. Mesnieraceae Arx & E. Mu¨ ll. Bondiella Piroz. Cookellaceae Ho¨ hn. ex Sacc. & Trotter ?Helochora Sherwood Cookella Sacc. Mesniera Sacc. & P. Syd. Pycnoderma Syd. Stegasphaeria Syd. & P. Syd. Uleomyces P. Henn. Micropeltidaceae Clem. & Shear Corynesporascaceae Sivan. ?Armata W. Yamam. Corynesporasca Sivan. Bonaria Bat. Chaetothyrina Theiss. Dacampiaceae Ko¨ rb. Clypeolina Theiss. ?Aaosphaeria Aptroot Cyclopeltis Petr. Clypeococcum D. Hawksw. Dictyopeltella Bat. & I. H. Lima ex Bat. ?Cocciscia Norman Dictyopeltis Theiss. Dacampia A. Massal. Dictyostomiopelta Vie´ gas Eopyrenula R. C. Harris Dictyothyriella Speg. Kalaallia Alstrup& D. Hawksw. Dictyothyrina Theiss. Leptocucurthis Aptroot Dictyothyrium Munkovalsaria Aptroot Theiss. Hansfordiopsis Polycoccum Sauter ex Ko¨ rb. Bat. Pyrenidium Nyl. Haplopeltheca Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Cavalc. Weddellomyces D. Hawksw. Mendoziopeltis Bat. Micropeltis Mont. Englerulaceae P. Henn. ?Mitopeltis Speg. Englerula P. Henn. Muricopeltis Vie´ gas

8 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Polypedia Bat. & Peres Trichothyriomyces Bat. & H. Maia Stigmatodothis Syd. & P. Syd. Trichothyriopsis Theiss. Stigmatophragmia Tehon & G. L. Stout Trichothyrium Speg. Stomiopeltis Theiss. Xenostomella Syd. Stomiopeltopsis Bat. & Cavalc. Stomiotheca Bat. Moriolaceae Zahlbr. Thyriodictyella Cif. Moriola Norman

Microtheliopsidaceae O. E. Erikss. Mycoporaceae Zahlbr. Microtheliopsis Mu¨ ll. Arg. Mycoporum Flot. ex Nyl. Microthyriaceae Sacc. Naetrocymbaceae Ho¨ hn. ex R. C. Harris Actinomyxa Syd. & P. Syd. Jarxia D. Hawksw. Actinopeltis Ho¨ hn. Leptorhaphis Ko¨ rb. Arnaudiella Petr. Naetrocymbe Ko¨ rb. Asterinella Theiss. ?Tomasellia A. Massal. Asterinema Bat. & Gayao ?Asteritea Bat. & R. Garnier Parmulariaceae E. Mu¨ ll. & Arx ex M. E. Barr Asteronia (Sacc.) P. Henn. Aldona Racib. Byssopeltis Bat., J. L. Bezerra & T. Barros Aldonata Sivan. & A. R. P. Sinha Aulacostroma Calothyriopsis Ho¨ hn. Syd. & P. Syd. Caribaeomyces Cif. Campoa Speg. Caudella Syd. & P. Syd. Coccodothis Theiss. & Syd. ?Cirsosina Bat. & J. L. Bezerra Cocconia Sacc. Cirsosiopsis Butin & Speer Cycloschizon P. Henn. Cyclostomella Cyclotheca Theiss. Pat. Dictyocyclus Dictyoasterina Hansf. Sivan., W. H. Hsieh & Chi Y. Chen Dothidasteroma Govindua Bat. & H. Maia Ho¨ hn. Englerodothis ?Helminthopeltis Sousa da Caˆ mara Theiss. & Syd. Ferrarisia ?Hidakaea I. Hino & Katum. Sacc. ?Hemigrapha (Mull. Arg.) D. Hawksw. ?Hugueninia J. L. Bezerra & T. Barros ¨ Hysterostomella Speg. ?Lembosiella Sacc. Inocyclus Theiss. & Syd. Lichenopeltella Ho¨ hn. Kentingia Sivan. & W. H. Hsieh Macrographa Etayo* Kiehlia Vie´ gas Maublancia G. Arnaud Mintera Ina´ cio & P. F. Cannon Microthyrium Desm. Pachypatella Theiss. & Syd. Muyocopron Speg. Palawaniella Doidge Pachythyrium G. Arnaud ex Spooner & P. M. Kirk Parmularia Le´ v. Palawania Syd. & P. Syd. Parmulariopsella Sivan. ?Petrakiopeltis Bat., A. F. Vital & Cif. Parmulariopsis Petr. Phaeothyriolum Syd. Parmulina Theiss. & Syd. ?Phragmaspidium Bat. Perischizon P. Syd. Platypeltella Petr. Polycyclina Theiss. & Syd. Polycyclinopsis Bat., A. F. Vital & I. H. Lima Polycyclus Ho¨ hn. ?Polystomellina Bat. & A. F. Vital Protothyrium G. Arnaud ?Resendea Bat. Pseudolembosia Theiss. ?Sapucchaka Ramakr. Rhagadolobium P. Henn. & Lindau ?Scolecopeltidium F. Stevens & Manter Rhipidocarpon (Theiss.) Theiss. & Syd. Seynesiella G. Arnaud Symphaeophyma Speg. Seynesiopeltis F. Stevens & R. W. Ryan Thallomyces H. J. Swart ?Stegothyrium Ho¨ hn. Viegasiella Ina´ cio & P. F. Cannon ?Tothia Bat. ?Trichopeltella Ho¨ hn. Parodiellaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. ex M. E. Barr ?Trichopeltina Theiss. Parodiella Speg. ?Trichopeltospora Bat. & Cif. ?Trichopeltum Bat., Cif. & C. A. A. Costa Parodiopsidaceae Toro Trichothyriella Theiss. Alina Racib. Trichothyrinula Petr. Balladyna Racib.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 9 Balladynocallia Bat. Pyrenotrichaceae Zahlbr. Balladynopsis Theiss. & Syd. ?Cyanoporina Groenh. Chevalieropsis G. Arnaud Pyrenothrix Riddle Cleistosphaera Syd. & P. Syd. Schizothyriaceae Hohn. ex Trotter, Sacc., D. Sacc. & Dimeriella Speg. ¨ Traverso Dimerium Syd. & P. Syd. Amazonotheca Bat. & H. Maia Dysrhynchis Clem. ?Chaetoplaca Syd. & P. Syd. ?Hyalomeliolina F. Stevens Henningsiella Rehm Leptomeliola Ho¨ hn. Hexagonella F. Stevens & Guba ex F. Stevens Neoparodia Petr. & Cif. Kerniomyces Toro Ophiomeliola Starb. Lecideopsella Ho¨ hn. Ophioparodia Petr. & Cif. Linopeltis I. Hino & Katum. Parodiellina P. Henn. ex G. Arnaud Mendogia Racib. Perisporiopsis P. Henn. Metathyriella Syd. Pilgeriella P. Henn. Mycerema Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Cavalc. Scolionema Theiss. & Syd. ?Myriangiella Zimm. Stomatogene Theiss. ?Neopeltella Petr. Planistromellaceae M. E. Barr ?Orthobellus Silva & Cavalc. Comminutispora A. W. Ramaley Plochmopeltis Theiss. Eruptio M. E. Barr Schizothyrium Desm. Loratospora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Tubeufiaceae M. E. Barr Microcyclus Sacc. ex Syd. & P. Syd. Acanthostigma De Not. Mycosphaerellopsis Ho¨ hn. (n) Acanthophiobolus Berl. Planistroma A. W. Ramaley Acanthostigmella Ho¨ hn. Planistromella A. W. Ramaley Allonecte Syd. ?Amphinectria Speg. Polystomellaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. Boerlagiomyces Butzin Dothidella Speg. Byssocallis Syd. Munkiella Speg. Chaetocrea Syd. ?Parastigmatea Doidge Chaetosphaerulina I. Hino Protoscyphaceae Kutorga & D. Hawksw. Glaxoa P. F. Cannon Protoscypha Syd. Letendraeopsis K. F. Rodriguez & Samuels Malacaria Syd. Pseudoperisporiaceae Toro Melioliphila Speg. ?Aphanostigme Syd. Paranectriella (P. Henn. & Sacc.) Ho¨ hn. ?Bryochiton Do¨ bbeler & Poelt Podonectria Petch ?Bryomyces Do¨ bbeler Puttemansia P. Henn. ?Epibryon Do¨ bbeler Rebentischia P. Karst. Episphaerella Petr. Taphrophila Scheuer Eudimeriolum Speg. Thaxteriella Petr. Eumela Syd. ?Thaxteriellopsis Sivan., Panwar & S. J. Kaur Keratosphaera H. P. Upadhyay Thaxterina Sivan., Rajak & R. C. Gupta Lasiostemma Theiss. Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc. Lizonia (Ces. & De Not.) De Not. Uredinophila Rossman Myxophora Do¨ bbeler & Poelt Vizellaceae H. J. Swart Nematostigma Syd. & P. Syd. Blasdalea Sacc. & P. Syd. Nematostoma Syd. & P. Syd. Vizella Sacc. ?Nematothecium Syd. & P. Syd. Neocoleroa Petr. Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis Ophiciliomyces Bat. & I. H. Lima ?Achorella Theiss. & Syd. Phaeodimeriella Speg. Acrogenotheca Cif. & Bat. Phaeostigme Syd. & P. Syd. Allosoma Syd. Phragmeriella Hansf. Amylirosa Speg. ?Pododimeria E. Mu¨ ll. Anthracostroma Petr. Raciborskiomyces Siemaszko Ascocoronospora Matsush. Toroa Syd. Ascominuta Ranghoo & K. D. Hyde

10 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES ?Ascostratum Syd. & P. Syd. Harknessiella Sacc. Belizeana Kohlm. & Volkm. Hassea Zahlbr. Biatriospora K. D. Hyde & Borse Heleiosa Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O. E. Erikss. Biciliopsis Diederich Heptameria Rehm & Thuem. Bifrontia Norman Heterosphaeriopsis Hafellner Botryohypoxylon Samuels & J. D. Rogers Homostegia Fuckel Brefeldiella Speg. Hyalocrea Syd. & P. Syd. Brooksia Hansf. Hyalosphaera F. Stevens Bryopelta Do¨ bbeler & Poelt Hypobryon Do¨ bbeler Bryorella Do¨ bbeler Hysteropeltella Petr. Bryosphaeria Do¨ bbeler Hysteropsis Rehm Bryostroma Do¨ bbeler Karschia Ko¨ rb. Bryothele Do¨ bbeler Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw. Buelliella Fink Koordersiella Ho¨ hn. Byssogene Syd. Kullhemia P. Karst. Calyptra Theiss. & Syd. Kusanobotrys P. Henn. Capillataspora K. D. Hyde Lanatosphaera Matzer Capnodinula Bat. & Cif. Lazarenkoa Zerova Catinella Boud.* Lembosiopeltis Bat. & J. L. Bezerra Catulus Malloch & Rogerson Leptospora Rabenh. Ceratocarpia Rolland ?Leveillina Theiss. & Syd. Cercidospora Ko¨ rb. ?Licopolia Sacc., Syd. & P. Syd. Cerodothis Muthappa Lidophia J. Walker & B. Sutton Chaetoscutula E. Mu¨ ll. Limaciniopsis Mend. Coccochora Ho¨ hn. Lineolata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ?Coccochorina Hara ?Lophiosphaerella Hara Colensoniella Hafellner Lopholeptosphaeria Sousa da Caˆ mara ?Comesella Speg. Macrovalsaria Petr. Crauatamyces Vie´ gas Maireella Syd. & Maire ?Cyrtidium Vain. Massariola Fu¨ isting Cyrtidula Minks Microcyclella Theiss. Cyrtopsis Vain. Microdothella Syd. & P. Syd. Cystocoleus Thwaites* Monoblastiopsis R. C. Harris & C. A. Morse* Dangeardiella Sacc. & P. Syd. Montagnella Speg. Dawsomyces Do¨ bbeler Moriolomyces Cif. & Tomas. Dawsophila Do¨ bbeler Muellerites L. Holm Dermatodothella Vie´ gas Mycocryptospora J. Reid & C. Booth Dermatodothis Racib. ex Theiss. & Syd. Mycodidymella C. Z. Wei, Y. Haradfa & K. Katumoto Dianesea Ina´ cio & P. F. Cannon Mycoglaena Ho¨ hn. Didymocyrtidium Vain. Mycopepon Boise ?Didymocyrtis Vain. Mycoporopsis Mu¨ ll. Arg. Didymopleella Munk Mycothyridium Petr. Diplochorina Gutner Myriangiopsis P. Henn. Dolabra C. Booth & W. P. Ting Myriostigmella G. Arnaud Dothideopsella Ho¨ hn. Mytilostoma P. Karst. Elmerinula Syd. Neopeckia Sacc. ?Endococcus Nyl. Neoventuria Syd. & P. Syd. Epiphora Nyl. Otthia Nitschke ex Fuckel Extrusothecium Matsush. Paraliomyces Kohlm. Flavobathelium Lu¨ cking, Aptroot & Thor Parmulariella P. Henn. Gibberidea Fuckel Paropodia Cif. & Bat. Gilletiella Sacc. & P. Syd. Passeriniella Berl. Globoa Bat. & H. Maia Passerinula Sacc. Globulina Speg. Peroschaeta Bat. & A. F. Vital ?Gloeodiscus Dennis ?Phaeocyrtidula Vain. Grandigallia M. E. Barr, Hanlin, Ceden˜ o, Parra & R. Phaeoglaena Clem. Hern. Phaeopeltosphaeria Berl. & Peglion ?Griggsia F. Stevens & Dalbey ?Phaeosperma Nitschke ex Fuckel

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 11 Phaeotomasellia Katum. Vizellopsis Bat., J. L. Bezerra & T. Barros Philobryon Do¨ bbeler Westea H. J. Swart Philonectria Hara Wettsteinina Ho¨ hn. Phragmoscutella Woron. & Abramov ex Woron. ?Xylopezia Ho¨ hn. Phragmosperma Theiss. & Syd. Yoshinagella Ho¨ hn. Phycorella Do¨ bbeler Class Eurotiomycetes Tehler ex O. E. Eriksson & K. Winka ?Physalosporopsis Bat. & H. Maia Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Doweld* ?Placodothis Syd. Chaetothyriales M. E. Barr Placostromella Petr. Chaetothyriaceae Hansf. ex M. E. Barr Plagiostromella Ho¨ hn. Actinocymbe Pleiostomellina Bat., J. L. Bezerra & H. Maia Ho¨ hn. Plejobolus (E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc.) O. E. Ceramothyrium Bat. & H. Maia Erikss. Chaetothyriomyces Pereira-Carvalho, Inacio & Dianese* ?Pleosphaerellula Naumov & Czer. Chaetothyrium Speg. Pleostigma Kirschst. Euceramia Bat. & Cif. Pleotrichiella Sivan. Microcallis Syd. Polysporidiella Petr. Phaeosaccardinula P. Henn. Polystomellopsis F. Stevens Treubiomyces Ho¨ hn. ?Propolina Sacc. Yatesula Syd. & P. Syd. Pseudodidymella C. Z. Wei, Y. Harada & Katumoto Herpotrichiellaceae Munk Pseudomorfea Punith. Capronia Sacc. Pseudonitschkia Coppins & S. Y. Kondr. ?Pleomelogramma Speg. Pseudopleospora Petr. Pteridiospora Penz. & Sacc. Pyrenulales Fink ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. Punctillum Petr. & Syd. Celotheliaceae Lu¨ cking, Aptroot & Sipman* Pycnocarpon Theiss. Celothelium A. Massal. ?Pyrenochium Link ?Monoblastiaceae W. Watson Pyrenocyclus Petr. Acrocordia A. Massal. Pyrenostigme Syd. Anisomeridium (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) M. Choisy Racodium Pers.* Caprettia Bat. & H. Maia Racovitziella Do¨ bbeler & Poelt 5 Porinella R. Sant. Rhopographus Nitschke ex Fuckel 5 Porinula Ve˘ zda ?Robillardiella Takim. Monoblastia Riddle Rosellinula R. Sant. Rosenscheldia Speg. Pyrenulaceae Rabenh. Roumegueria (Sacc.) P. Henn. Acrocordiella O. E. Erikss. Roussoe¨llopsis I. Hino & Katum. Anthracothecium Hampe ex A. Massal. ?Salsuginea K. D. Hyde Clypeopyrenis Aptroot Scolecobonaria Bat. Distopyrenis Aptroot Semifissispora H. J. Swart Granulopyrenis Aptroot Semisphaeria K. Holm & L. Holm ?Lacrymospora Aptroot Stuartella Fabre Lithothelium Mu¨ ll. Arg. Sympoventuria Crous & Seifert* Mazaediothecium Aptroot ?Syrropeltis Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Matta Parapyrenis Aptroot Teichosporella (Sacc.) Sacc. Polypyrenula D. Hawksw. ?Teratoschaeta Bat. & Fons. Pyrenographa Aptroot Thalassoascus Ollivier Pyrenowilmsia R. C. Harris & Aptroot ?Thelenidia Nyl. Pyrenula Ach. Thryptospora Petr. Pyrgillus Nyl. ?Thyridaria Sacc. Sulcopyrenula H. Harada Thyrospora Kirschst. Requienellaceae Boise Tilakiella Srinivas. Mauritiana Poonyth, K. D. Hyde, Aptroot & Peerally Tirisporella E. B. G. Jones, K. D. Hyde & Alias Requienella Fabre Tomeoa I. Hino Tremateia Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O. E. Erikss. Pyrenulales, genera incertae sedis Trematosphaeriopsis Elenkin Asteroporum Mu¨ ll. Arg. Tyrannosorus Untereiner & Malloch ?Blastodesmia A. Massal. Valsaria Ces. & De Not. Heufleridium Mu¨ ll. Arg.

12 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Micromma A. Massal. ?Spheconisca (Norman) Norman Mycoporum G. Mey. Sporodictyon A. Massal.* ?Porodothion Fr. Staurothele Norman ?Porothelium Eschw. Telogalla Nik. Hoffm. & Hafellner Rhaphidicyrtis Vain. Thelidiopsis Vain. ?Stromatothelium Trevis. Thelidium A. Massal. Xenus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Trimmatothele Norman ex Zahlbr.* ?Trimmatothelopsis Zschacke Verrucariales Mattick ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. Verrucaria Schrad. Adelococcaceae Triebel 5 Trimmatothele Norman ex Zahlbr. Adelococcus Theiss. & Syd. Verrucula J. Steiner* Sagediopsis (Sacc.) Vain. Verruculopsis Gueidan, Cl. Roux & Navarro-Rosines* Verrucariaceae Zenker* Wahlenbergiella Gueidan & Thu¨ s* Agonimia Zahlbr. Verrucariales, genera incertae sedis Anthracocarpon Breuss ?Kalbiana Henssen Atla S. Savic´ & Tibell* Gemmaspora D. Hawksw. & Halici Awasthiella Kr.P. Singh Bagliettoa A. Massal. Chaetothyriomycetidae, families incertae sedis Bellemerella Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux Rhynchostomataceae Winka & O. E. Erikss. ?Bogoriella Zahlbr. Rhynchostoma P. Karst. Catapyrenium Flot. ?Rhynchomeliola Speg. Clauzadella Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux Clavascidium Breuss Strigulaceae Zahlbr. Dermatocarpella H. Harada ?Oletheriostrigula Huhndorf & R. C. Harris Dermatocarpon Eschw. Strigula Fr. Diederimyces Etayo Endocarpon Hedw. Chaetothyriomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Flakea O. E. Erikss.* Glyphium Nitschke ex F. Lehm ?Glomerilla Norman Moristroma A. I. Romero & Samuels ?Haleomyces D. Hawksw. & Essl. Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni* Henrica de Lesd. Coryneliales Seaver & Chardon Heterocarpon Mu¨ ll. Arg. Coryneliaceae Sacc. ex Berl. & Voglino Heteroplacidium Breuss Bicornispora Checa, Barrasa, M. N. Blanco & A. T. Hydropunctaria Keller, Gueidan & Thu¨ s* Martı´ nez Involucropyrenium Breuss Caliciopsis Peck Lauderlindsaya J. C. David & D. Hawksw. Corynelia Ach. Leucocarpia Ve˘ zda ?Coryneliopsis Butin Merismatium Zopf Coryneliospora Fitzp. Muellerella Hepp Fitzpatrickella Benny, Samuelson & Kimbr. Mycophycias Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Lagenulopsis Fitzp. Neocatapyrenium H. Harada Tripospora Sacc. ex Berl. & Vogl. Norrlinia Theiss. & Syd. Parabagliettoa Gueidan & Cl. Roux* Eremascaceae Engl. & E. Gilg ?Phaeospora Hepp ex Stein Eremascus Eidam Phylloblastia Vain.* 5 Pocsia Ve˘ zda* Eurotiales G. W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr. Placidiopsis Beltr. Elaphomycetaceae Tul. ex Paol. Placidium A. Massal. Elaphomyces Nees Placocarpus Trevis. Pseudotulostoma O. K. Miller & T. Henkel Placopyrenium Breuss Monascaceae J. Schro¨ t. Placothelium Mu¨ ll. Arg. Monascus Tiegh. ?Plurisperma Sivan. ?Xeromyces Fraser Polyblastia A. Massal.* Psoroglaena Mu¨ ll. Arg. Trichocomaceae E. Fisch. Rhabdopsora Mu¨ ll. Arg. Byssochlamys Westling* Scleropyrenium H. Harada Chaetosartorya Subram. Servitia M. S. Christ. & Alstrup ?Chaetotheca Zukal

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 13 Chromocleista Yaguchi & Udagawa Auxarthron G. F. Orr & Kuehn Cristaspora Fort. & Guarro Bifidocarpus Cano, Guarro & R. F. Castan˜ eda Dactylomyces Sopp Byssoonygena Guarro, Punsola & Cano Dendrosphaera Pat. Chlamydosauromyces Sigler, Hambleton & Par Dichlaena Durieu & Mont. Kuehniella G. F. Orr Dichotomomyces Saito ex D. B. Scott Leucothecium Arx & Samson Edyuillia Subram. Monascella Guarro & Arx Emericella Berk. & Broome Nannizziopsis Currah Erythrogymnotheca T. Yaguchi, A. Someya & Udagawa Neoarachnotheca Ulfig, Cano & Guarro Eupenicillium F. Ludw. Neogymnomyces G. F. Orr Eurotium Link Onygena Pers. Fennellia B. J. Wiley & E. G. Simmons Pectinotrichum Varsavsky & G. F. Orr Hemicarpenteles Sarbhoy & Elphick Polytolypa J. A. Scott & Malloch Neocarpenteles Udagawa & Uchiyama ?Pseudoamauroascus Cano, Sole´ & Guarro Neopetromyces Frisvad & Samson Renispora Sigler & J. W. Carmich. Neosartorya Malloch & Cain Spiromastix Kuehn & G. F. Orr Penicilliopsis Solms Testudomyces Sole´ , Cano & Guarro Petromyces Malloch & Cain Uncinocarpus Sigler, G. F. Orr & Carm. Sagenoma Stolk & G. F. Orr Xanthothecium Arx & Samson Talaromyces C. R. Benj. Thermoascus Miehe Eurotiomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Trichocoma Jungh. Amaurascopsis Guarro, Gene´ & De Vroey Warcupiella Subram. Azureothecium Matsush. Calyptrozyma Boekhout & Spaay Onygenales Cif. ex Benny & Kimbr. Leiothecium Samson & Mouch. 5 Arachnomycetales Gibas, Sigler & Currah Paratalaromyces Matsush. 5 Ascosphaerales Ga¨ um. ex Skou ?Pisomyxa Corda Ajellomycetaceae Untereiner, J. A. Scott & Sigler ?Samarospora Rostr. Ajellomyces McDonough & A. L. Lewis Veronaia Benedek

Arachnomycetaceae Gibas, Sigler & Currah Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Tibell* Arachnomyces Massee & E. S. Salmon Mycocaliciales Tibell & Wedin Arthrodermataceae Currah Mycocaliciaceae A. F. W. Schmidt Arthroderma Curr. & Berk. Chaenothecopsis Vain. Ctenomyces Eidam Mycocalicium Vain. ex Reinke Shanorella R. K. Benj. Phaeocalicium A. F. W. Schmidt Stenocybe (Nyl.) Ko¨ rb. Ascosphaeraceae L. S. Olive & Spiltoir Arrhenosphaera Stejskal Sphinctrinaceae M. Choisy Ascosphaera L. S. Olive & Spiltoir Pyrgidium Nyl. Bettsia Skou Sphinctrina Fr. Gymnoascaceae Baran. Class Geoglossomycetes Zheng Wang, C. L. Schoch & Acitheca Currah Spatafora Arachniotus J. Schro¨ t. Geoglossales Zheng Wang, C. L. Schoch & Spatafora* Gymnascella Peck Geoglossaceae Corda Gymnoascoideus G. F. Orr, K. Roy & G. R. Ghosh Geoglossum Pers. Gymnoascus Baran. Sarcoleotia Ito & S. Imai Kraurogymnocarpa Udagawa & Uchiyama Trichoglossum Boud. Mallochia Arx & Samson Class Laboulbeniomycetes Engler Narasimhella Thirum. & P. N. Mathur Laboulbeniales Engler Orromyces Sur & G. R. Ghosh Ceratomycetaceae S. Colla Onygenaceae Berk. Autoicomyces Thaxt. Amauroascus J. Schro¨ t. Ceratomyces Thaxt. Aphanoascus Zukal Drepanomyces Thaxt. Apinisia La Touche Eusynaptomyces Thaxt. Arachnotheca Arx Helodiomyces F. Picard Ascocalvatia Malloch & Cain Phurmomyces Thaxt.

14 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Plectomyces Thaxt. Diphymyces I. I. Tav. Rhynchophoromyces Thaxt. ?Diplomyces Thaxt. Synaptomyces Thaxt. Diplopodomyces W. Rossi & Balazuc Tettigomyces Thaxt. Dipodomyces Thaxt. Thaumasiomyces Thaxt. Distolomyces Thaxt. Thripomyces Speg. Dixomyces I. I. Tav. Ecteinomyces Thaxt. Euceratomycetaceae I. I. Tav. Enarthromyces Thaxt. Cochliomyces Speg. Eucantharomyces Thaxt. Colonomyces R. K. Benj. Euhaplomyces Thaxt. Euceratomyces Thaxt. Eumisgomyces Speg. Euzodiomyces Thaxt. Eumonoicomyces Thaxt. Pseudoecteinomyces W. Rossi Euphoriomyces Thaxt. Herpomycetaceae I. I. Tav. Fanniomyces Maj. Herpomyces Thaxt. Filariomyces Shanor Gloeandromyces Thaxt. Laboulbeniaceae G. Winter Haplomyces Thaxt. Acallomyces Thaxt. Hesperomyces Thaxt. Acompsomyces Thaxt. Histeridomyces Thaxt. Acrogynomyces Thaxt. Homaromyces R. K. Benj. Amorphomyces Thaxt. Hydraeomyces Thaxt. Amphimyces Thaxt. Hydrophilomyces Thaxt. Apatelomyces Thaxt. Idiomyces Thaxt. Apatomyces Thaxt. Ilyomyces F. Picard Aphanandromyces W. Rossi Ilytheomyces Thaxt. Aporomyces Thaxt. Kainomyces Thaxt. Arthrorhynchus Kolen. Kleidiomyces Thaxt. Asaphomyces Thaxt. Kruphaiomyces Thaxt. Autophagomyces Thaxt. Kyphomyces I. I. Tav. Balazusia R. K. Benj. Laboulbenia Mont. & C. P. Robin Benjaminiomyces I. I. Tav. Limnaiomyces Thaxt. Blasticomyces I. I. Tav. Majewskia Y. B. Lee & Sugiyama Botryandromyces I. I. Tav. & T. Majewski Meionomyces Thaxt. Camptomyces Thaxt. Microsomyces Thaxt. Cantharomyces Thaxt. Mimeomyces Thaxt. Capillistichus Santam. Misgomyces Thaxt. Carpophoromyces Thaxt. Monandromyces R. K. Benj. Cesariella W. Rossi & Santam.* Monoicomyces Thaxt. Chaetarthriomyces Thaxt. Nanomyces Thaxt. Chaetomyces Thaxt. Neohaplomyces R. K. Benj. Chitonomyces Peyronel Nycteromyces Thaxt. Clematomyces Thaxt. Ormomyces I. I. Tav. Clonophoromyces Thaxt. Osoriomyces Terada Columnomyces R. K. Benj. Parvomyces Santam. Compsomyces Thaxt. Peyerimhoffiella Maire Coreomyces Thaxt. Peyritschiella Thaxt. Corethromyces Thaxt. Phalacrichomyces R. K. Benj. Corylophomyces R. K. Benj. Phaulomyces Thaxt. Cryptandromyces Thaxt. Picardella I. I. Tav. Cucujomyces Speg. Polyandromyces Thaxt. Cupulomyces R. K. Benj. Polyascomyces Thaxt. Dermapteromyces Thaxt. Porophoromyces Thaxt. Diandromyces Thaxt. Prolixandromyces R. K. Benj. Diaphoromyces Thaxt. Pselaphidomyces Speg. Diclonomyces Thaxt. Rhachomyces Thaxt. Dimeromyces Thaxt. Rhipidiomyces Thaxt. Dimorphomyces Thaxt. Rhizomyces Thaxt. Dioicomyces Thaxt. Rhizopodomyces Thaxt.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 15 Rickia Cavara Anamylopsoraceae Lumbsch & Lunke Rossiomyces R. K. Benj. Anamylopsora Timdal Sandersoniomyces R. K. Benj. Scalenomyces I. I. Tav. Trapeliaceae M. Choisy ex Hertel 1970* Scaphidiomyces Thaxt. Amylora Rambold Scelophoromyces Thaxt. Aspiciliopsis (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) M. Choisy* Scepastocarpus Santam. Coppinsia Lumbsch & Heibel Siemaszkoa I. I. Tav. & Maj. Lignoscripta B. D. Ryan Smeringomyces Thaxt. Lithographa Nyl. Sphaleromyces Thaxt. Orceolina Hertel Stemmatomyces Thaxt. Placopsis (Nyl.) Linds. Placynthiella Stichomyces Thaxt. Elenkin Ptychographa Stigmatomyces H. Karst. Nyl. Rimularia Nyl. Sugiyamaemyces I. I. Tav. & Balazuc Sarea Fr. Symplectromyces Thaxt. Trapelia M. Choisy Sympodomyces R. K. Benj. Trapeliopsis Hertel & Gotth. Schneid. Synandromyces Thaxt. Xylographa (Fr.) Fr. Tavaresiella T. Majewski Teratomyces Thaxt. Ostropales Nannf.* Tetrandromyces Thaxt. 5 Graphidales Bessey Trenomyces Chatton & F. Picard 5 Gyalectales Henssen ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Triainomyces W. Rossi & A. Weir Erikss.* Triceromyces T. Majewski 5 Trichotheliales Hafellner & Kalb* Trochoideomyces Thaxt. Coenogoniaceae (Fr.) Stizenb. Troglomyces S. Colla Coenogonium Ehrenb. ex Nees Zeugandromyces Thaxt. Dimerella Trevis. Zodiomyces Thaxt. Gomphillaceae W. Watson ex Hafellner Pyxidiophorales P. F. Cannon 5 Solorinellaceae Ve˘ zda & Poelt* Pyxidiophoraceae Arnold Actinoplaca Mu¨ ll. Arg. Mycorhynchidium Malloch & Cain Aderkomyces Bat. Pyxidiophora Bref. & Tavel Aplanocalenia Lu¨ cking, Se´ rus. & Ve˘ zda Arthotheliopsis Vain. Laboulbeniomycetes, genera incertae sedis Asterothyrium Mu¨ ll. Arg. ?Laboulbeniopsis Thaxt. Aulaxina Fe´ e Class Lecanoromycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka Calenia Mu¨ ll. Arg. Subclass Acarosporomycetidae Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux Caleniopsis Ve˘ zda & Poelt Acarosporales Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux* Diploschistella Vain. Acarosporaceae Zahlbr. Echinoplaca Fe´ e Acarospora A. Massal. Ferraroa Lu¨ cking, Se´ rus. & Ve˘ zda 5 Polysporinopsis Ve˘ zda Gomphillus Nyl. Glypholecia Nyl. Gyalectidium Mu¨ ll. Arg. Lithoglypha Brusse Gyalidea Lettau Pleopsidium Ko¨ rb. 5 Solorinella Anzi* Polysporina Ve˘ zda Gyalideopsis Ve˘ zda Sarcogyne Flot. Hippocrepidea Se´ rus. Thelocarpella Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux Jamesiella Lu¨ cking, Se´ rus. & Ve˘ zda Lithogyalideopsis Lu¨ cking, Se´ rus. & Ve˘ zda Subclass Ostropomycetidae Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux Paratricharia Lu¨ cking Agyriales Clem. & Shear Phyllogyalidea Lu¨ cking & Aptroot* Agyriaceae Corda* ?Psorotheciopsis Rehm Agyrium Fr. Rolueckia Papong, Thammathaworn & Boonpragob* Rubrotricha Lu¨ cking, Se´ rus. & Ve˘ zda Baeomycetales Lumbsch, Huhndorf & Lutzoni* ?Sagiolechia A. Massal. Baeomycetaceae Dumort. Tricharia Fe´ e Ainoa Lumbsch & I. Schmitt* Baeomyces Pers. Graphidaceae Dumort.* Phyllobaeis Gierl & Kalb 5 Thelotremataceae (Nyl.) Stizenb.*

16 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Acanthothecis Clem. ?Sarcoexcipula Etayo* Acanthotrema A. Frisch Semigyalecta Vain. Amazonotrema Kalb & Lu¨ cking* Anomalographis Kalb Myeloconidaceae P. M. McCarthy Anomomorpha Nyl. Myeloconis P. M. McCarthy & Elix Carbacanthographis Staiger & Kalb Odontotremataceae D. Hawksw. & Sherwood Chapsa A. Massal. Bryodiscus B. Hein, E. Mu¨ ll. & Poelt Chroodiscus (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) Mu¨ ll. Arg. Coccomycetella Ho¨ hn. Diaphorographis A. W. Archer & Kalb* Geltingia Alstrup& D. Hawksw. Diorygma Eschw. Odontotrema Nyl. Diploschistes Norman Odontura Clem. Dyplolabia A. Massal. Paralethariicola Calatayud, Etayo & Diederich Fibrillithecis A. Frisch Paschelkiella Sherwood Fissurina Fee´ Potriphila Do¨ bbeler Glyphis Ach. Rogellia Do¨ bbeler Graphis Adans.* Stromatothecia D. E. Shaw & D. Hawksw. Gymnographa Mu¨ ll. Arg. Thamnogalla D. Hawksw. Gymnographopsis C. W. Dodge Tryblis Clem. Gyrotrema A. Frisch Xerotrema Sherwood & Coppins Hemithecium Trevis.* Ingvariella Guderley & Lumbsch Phaneromycetaceae Gamundı´ & Spinedi Kalbographa Lu¨ cking* ?Phaneromyces Speg. & Har. ex Speg. Leptotrema Mont. & Bosch Leucodecton A. Massal. Phlyctidaceae Poelt & Ve˘ zda ex J. C. David & D. Hawksw. Melanotopelia Lumbsch & Mangold* Phlyctis (Wallr.) Flot. Melanotrema A. Frisch Psathyrophlyctis Brusse Myriotrema Fe´ e Porinaceae Reichenb. Nadvornikia Tibell Clathroporina Mu¨ ll. Arg. Ocellularia G. Mey. Polycornum Malcolm & Ve˘ zda 5 Ampliotrema Kalb Porina Mu¨ ll. Arg. Pallidogramme Staiger, Kalb & Lu¨ cking* Segestria Fr. Phaeographina Mu¨ ll. Arg. Trichothelium Mu¨ ll. Arg. Phaeographis Mu¨ ll. Arg. ?Phaeotrema Mu¨ ll. Arg. Stictidaceae Fr. Platygramme Fe´ e Absconditella Ve˘ zda Platygrapha Berk. & Broome Acarosporina Sherwood Platythecium Staiger Biostictis Petr. Polistroma Clemente Carestiella Bres. Pseudoramonia Kantvilas & Ve˘ zda Conotremopsis Ve˘ zda Redingeria A. Frisch Cryptodiscus Corda Reimnitzia Kalb Cyanodermella O. E. Erikss. Sarcographa Fe´ e ?Delpontia Penz. & Sacc. Schistophoron Stirt.* Lillicoa Sherwood Schizotrema Mangold & Lumbsch* Nanostictis M. S. Christ. Stegobolus Mont. Ostropa Fr. Thalloloma Trevis. ?Petractis Fr. Thecaria Fe´ e ?Propoliopsis Rehm Thelotrema Ach. Robergea Desm. Topeliopsis Kantvilas & Ve˘ zda Schizoxylon Pers. Tremotylium Nyl. Stictis Pers. ?Stictophacidium Rehm Gyalectaceae (A. Massal.) Stizenb. ?Thelopsis Nyl. ?Belonia Ko¨ rb. ?Topelia P. M. Jørg. & Ve˘ zda ?Bryophagus Nitschke ex Arnold Cryptolechia A. Massal. Ostropales, incertae sedis Gyalecta Ach. Amphorothecium P. M. McCarthy, Kantvilas & Elix Pachyphiale Lo¨ nnr. ?Leucogymnospora Fink Ramonia Stizenb. Malvinia Do¨ bbeler

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 17 ?Phaeographopsis Sipman Thelenellaceae H. Mayrhofer Platygraphopsis Mu¨ ll. Arg. ?Chromatochlamys Trevis. ?Xyloschistes Vain. ex Zahlbr. Julella Fabre Thelenella Nyl. Pertusariales M. Choisy ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. Coccotremataceae Henssen ex J. C. David & D. Hawksw. Ostropomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Coccotrema Mu¨ ll. Arg. Anzina Scheid.* Parasiphula Kantvilas & Grube ?Aspilidea Hafellner

Icmadophilaceae Triebel Subclass Lecanoromycetidae P. M. Kirk, P. F. Cannon, J. Dibaeis Clem. C. David & Stalpers ex Miadl., Lutzoni & Lumbsch* Endocena Cromb.* Lecanorales Nannf. Icmadophila Trevis. Biatorellaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner & Casares-Porcel Pseudobaeomyces M. Satı` Biatorella De Not. Siphula Fr. Calycidiaceae Elenkin Siphulella Kantvilas, Elix & P. James Calycidium Stirt. Thamnolia Ach. ex Schaerer Catillariaceae Hafellner Megasporaceae Lumbsch, Feige & K. Schmitz Austrolecia Hertel Aspicilia A. Massal. Catillaria A. Massal. Lobothallia (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Hafellner Halecania M. Mayrhofer Megaspora (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Hafellner & Placolecis Trevis. V. Wirth Solenopsora A. Massal. Sporastatia A. Massal. Ochrolechiaceae R. C. Harris ex Lumbsch & I. Schmitt Xanthopsorella Kalb & Hafellner Ochrolechia A. Massal. Varicellaria Nyl. Cladoniaceae Zenker 5 Heterodeaceae Filson; Cetradoniaceae J. C. Wei & Pertusariaceae Ko¨ rb. ex Ko¨ rb. Ahti Loxosporopsis Henssen Calathaspis I. M. Lamb & W. A. Weber Pertusaria DC. Carassea S. Stenroos ?Thamnochrolechia Aptroot & Sipman Cetradonia J. C. Wei & Ahti Ostropomycetidae, families incertae sedis Cladia Nyl. Arctomiaceae Th. Fr. Cladonia Hill ex P. Browne Arctomia Th. Fr. Gymnoderma Nyl. Gregorella Lumbsch Heterodea Nyl. Wawea Henssen & Kantvilas Heteromyces Mu¨ ll. Arg. Metus D. J. Galloway & P. James ?Arthrorhaphidaceae Poelt & Hafellner Myelorrhiza Verdon & Elix Arthrorhaphis Th. Fr. Notocladonia S. Hammer Pilophorus Th. Fr. Hymeneliaceae Ko¨ rb. Pycnothelia Duf. Eiglera Hafellner Sphaerophoropsis Vain. Hymenelia Kremp. Squamella S. Hammer Ionaspis Th. Fr. Thysanothecium Mont. & Berk. ?Melanolecia Hertel Tremolecia M. Choisy Crocyniaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner Crocynia A. Massal. Protothelenellaceae Ve˘ zda, H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Mycowinteria Sherwood Dactylosporaceae Bellem. & Hafellner Protothelenella Ra¨ senen Dactylospora Ko¨ rb. Thrombium Wallr. Gypsoplacaceae Timdal Gypsoplaca Timdal Sarrameanaceae Hafellner 5 Loxosporaceae Kalb & Staiger Haematommataceae Hafellner Loxospora A. Massal. Haematomma A. Massal. Sarrameana Ve˘ zda & P. James Lecanoraceae Ko¨ rb. Schaereriaceae Hafellner Arctopeltis Poelt Schaereria Th. Fr. Bryonora Poelt

18 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Bryodina Hafellner Bryoria Brodo & D. Hawksw. ?Calvitimela Hafellner Bulborrhizina Kurok. Carbonea (Hertel) Hertel Bulbothrix Hale Cladidium Hafellner 5 Bulbotrichella V. Marcano, S. Mohali & A. Morales ?Claurouxia D. Hawksw. Canoparmelia Elix & Hale Clauzadeana Cl. Roux Cavernularia Degel. Edrudia W. P. Jordan Cetraria Ach.* Japewiella Printzen Cetrariastrum Sipman Lecanora Ach. Cetrariella Ka¨ rnefelt & Thell 5 Diomedella Hertel Cetrariopsis Kurok. 5 Protoparmeliopsis M. Choisy Cetrelia W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Lecidella Ko¨ rb. Cetreliopsis Kurok.* Maronina Hafellner & R. W. Rogers Coelocaulon Link Miriquidica Hertel & Rambold Coelopogon Brusse & Ka¨ rnefelt Myrionora R. C. Harris Cornicularia (Schreb.) Ach. Psorinia Gotth. Schneid. Coronoplectrum Brusse Punctonora Aptroot Dactylina Nyl. ?Pycnora Hafellner Davidgallowia Aptroot Pyrrhospora Ko¨ rb. Esslingeriana Hale & M. J. Lai ?Ramalinora Lumbsch, Rambold & Elix Evernia Ach. Ramboldia Kantvilas & Elix Everniastrum Hale ex Sipman Rhizoplaca Zopf Everniopsis Nyl. Sagema Poelt & Grube Flavocetraria Ka¨ rnefelt & Thell* Sipmaniella Kalb* Flavocetrariella D. D. Awasthi* Traponora Aptroot Flavoparmelia Hale Tylothallia P. James & R. Kilias Flavopunctelia Hale Vainionora Kalb Himantormia I. M. Lamb 5 Nimisia Ka¨ rnefelt & Thell Megalariaceae Hafellner Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl. Catillochroma Kalb Hypotrachyna (Vain.) Hale Megalaria Hafellner Imshaugia F. C. Mey. Tasmidella Kantvilas, Hafellner & Elix Kaernefeltia Thell & Goward* Karoowia Hale Miltideaceae Hafellner Letharia (Th. Fr.) Zahlbr. Miltidea Stirt. Lethariella (Motyka) Krog Masonhalea Ka¨ rnefelt Mycoblastaceae Hafellner Melanelia Essl. Mycoblastus Norman Melanelixia O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Tephromela M. Choisy Hawksw. & Lumbsch Pachyascaceae Poelt ex P. M. Kirk, P. F. Cannon & J. C. Melanhalea O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. David Hawksw. & Lumbsch Pachyascus Poelt & Hertel Menegazzia A. Massal. Myelochroa (Asahina) Elix & Hale Parmeliaceae Zenker* Neopsoromopsis Gyeln. 5 Anziaceae M. Sato Nephromopsis Mu¨ ll. Arg. Ahtiana Goward 5 Tuckneraria Randlane & Thell Alectoria Ach. Nesolechia A. Massal. 5 Gowardia P. Halonen, L. Myllys, S. Velmala & H. Nodobryoria Common & Brodo Hyva¨ rinen* Omphalodiella Henssen Allantoparmelia (Vain.) Essl. Omphalodium Meyen & Flot. Allocetraria Kurok. & M. Y. Lai Omphalora T. H. Nash & Hafellner 5 Usneocetraria M. L. Lai & J. C. Wei* Oropogon Th. Fr. Anzia Stizenb. Pannoparmelia (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) Darb. Arctocetraria Ka¨ rnefelt & Thell* Parmelaria D. D. Awasthi Arctoparmelia Hale Parmelia Ach. Asahinea W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Parmelina Hale Brodoa Goward Parmelinella Elix & Hale Bryocaulon Ka¨ rnefelt Parmelinopsis Elix & Hale

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 19 Parmeliopsis (Nyl.) Nyl. Psilolechia A. Massal. Parmotrema A. Massal. Scutula Tul. Parmotremopsis Elix & Hale Septotrapelia Aptroot & Chaves Phacopsis Tul. Sporopodiopsis Se´ rus. Placoparmelia Henssen Sporopodium Mont. Platismatia W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. Szczawinskia A. Funk Pleurosticta Petr. 5 Uluguria Ve˘ zda Protoparmelia M. Choisy ?Tapellaria Mu¨ ll. Arg. Protousnea (Motyka) Krog Tapellariopsis Lu¨ cking Pseudephebe M. Choisy Pseudevernia Zopf Psoraceae Zahlbr. Pseudoparmelia Lynge Eremastrella Vogel Psiloparmelia Hale Glyphopeltis Brusse Psoromella Gyeln. Protoblastenia (Zahlbr.) J. Steiner Punctelia Krog ?Protomicarea Hafellner Relicina (Hale & Kurok.) Hale Psora Hoffm. Relicinopsis Elix & Verdon Psorula Gotth. Schneid. Sulcaria Bystr. Ramalinaceae C. Agardh Tuckermanella Essl.* 5 Bacidiaceae W. Watson Tuckermannopsis Gyeln.* Aciculopsora Aptroot & Trest Usnea Dill. ex Adans. Adelolecia Hertel & Hafellner 5 Dolichousnea (Y. Ohmura) Articus Arthrosporum A. Massal. 5 Eumitria Stirt. Bacidia De Not. 5 Neuropogon Nees & Flotow Bacidina Ve˘ zda Vulpicida Mattson & M. J. Lai Bacidiopsora Kalb Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale Biatora Fr. 5 Almbornia Essl. Catinaria Vain. 5 Neofuscelia Essl. Cenozosia A. Massal. 5 Chondropsis Nyl. Cliostomum Fr. 5 Namakwa Hale Compsocladium I. M. Lamb 5 Paraparmelia Elix & J. Johnst. Crustospathula Aptroot 5 Xanthomaculina Hale Echidnocymbium Brusse Pilocarpaceae Zahlbr. Eungeniella Lu¨ cking, Serus. & Kalb* Badimia Ve˘ zda Frutidella Lalb Badimiella Malcolm & Ve˘ zda Heppsora D. D. Awasthi & K. Singh Bapalmuia Se´ rus. Herteliana P. James Barubria Ve˘ zda Japewia Tønsberg Biflavia Lu¨ cking* Jarmania Kantvilas Brasilicia Lu¨ cking, Kalb & Serus.* Krogia Timdal Bryogomphus Lu¨ cking, W. R. Buck, Se´ rus. & L. I. Ferraro Lecania A. Massal.* Byssolecania Vain. Lopezaria Kalb & Hafellner Byssoloma Trevis. Lueckingia Aptroot & Umana Calopadia Ve˘ zda Niebla Rundel & Bowler Calopadiopsis Lu¨ cking & R. Sant. Phyllopsora Mu¨ ll. Arg. Fellhanera Ve˘ zda 5 Squamacidia Brako Fellhaneropsis Se´ rus. & Coppins 5 Triclinum Fe´ e* Kantvilasia P. M. McCarthy, Elix & Se´ rus. Physcidia Tuck. Lasioloma R. Sant. Ramalina Ach. Leimonis R. C. Harris* Ramalinopsis (Zahlbr.) Follmann & Huneck Lobaca Ve˘ zda Rolfidium Moberg Loflammia Ve˘ zda Schadonia Ko¨ rb. Loflammiopsis Lu¨ cking & Kalb Speerschneidera Trevis.* Logilvia Ve˘ zda Stirtoniella D. J. Galloway, Hafellner & Elix ?Lopadium Ko¨ rb. Thamnolecania (Vain.) Gyeln. Malcolmiella Ve˘ zda Tibellia Ve˘ zda & Hafellner Micarea Fr. Toninia A. Massal. Pseudocalopadia Lu¨ cking Toniniopsis Frey

20 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Vermilacinia Spjut & Hale Lepidocollema Vain. Waynea Moberg Moelleropsis Gyeln. Pannaria Del. ex Bory Scoliciosporaceae Hafellner Parmeliella Mu¨ ll. Arg. Scoliciosporum A. Massal. Protopannaria (Gyeln.) P. M. Jørg. & S. Ekman ?Umushamyces Etayo* Psoroma Michaux Sphaerophoraceae Fr. Psoromidium Stirt. Austropeltum Henssen, Do¨ ring & Kantvilas Santessoniella Henssen Bunodophoron A. Massal. Siphulastrum Mu¨ ll. Arg. Leifidium Wedin Vahliella P. M. Jørg.* Neophyllis F. Wilson Placynthiaceae A˚ . E. Dahl Sphaerophorus Pers. Hertella Henssen Stereocaulaceae Chevall. Koerberia A. Massal. Hertelidea Printzen & Kantvilas Leptochidium M. Choisy Lepraria Ach. Placynthiopsis Zahlbr. Stereocaulon Hoffm. Placynthium (Ach.) Gray 5 Lachnocaulon Clem. & Shear ?Polychidium (Ach.) Gray 5 Muhria P. M. Jørg. Vestergrenopsis Gyeln. Squamarina Poelt Peltigerineae Xyleborus R. C. Harris & Ladd Lobariaceae Chevall. Lecanorales, genera incertae sedis Dendriscocaulon Nyl. Joergensenia Passo, Stenroos & Calvelo* Lobaria (Schreb.) Hoffm. Myelochroidea Printzen, T. Sprib. & Tønsberg* 5 Lobariella Yoshim. Puttea S. Stenroos & Huhtinen* Pseudocyphellaria Vain. Ramalea Nyl. Sticta (Schreb.) Ach. Speerschneidera Trevis. Nephromataceae Wetm. ex J. C. David & D. Hawksw. Strangospora Ko¨ rb. Nephroma Ach. Peltigerales W. Watson Peltigeraceae Dumort. Collematineae Miadl. & Lutzoni Peltigera Willd. Coccocarpiaceae (Mont. ex Mu¨ ll. Stuttg.) Henssen Solorina Ach. Coccocarpia Pers. Peltularia R. Sant. Peltigerineae, genera incertae sedis Spilonema Bornet Massalongia Ko¨ rb. Spilonemella Henssen & Tønsberg Steinera Zahlbr. Teloschistales D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. Letrouitiaceae Bellem. & Hafellner Collemataceae Zenker Letrouitia Hafellner & Bellem. Collema F. H. Wigg. Homothecium A. Massal. Megalosporaceae Ve˘ zda ex Hafellner & Bellem. Leciophysma Th. Fr. ?Austroblastenia Sipman Leightoniella Henssen Megaloblastenia Sipman Leptogium (Ach.) Gray Megalospora Meyen Physma A. Massal. Physciaceae Zahlbr. Ramalodium Nyl. 5 Caliciaceae Chevall. Staurolemma Ko¨ rb. Acolium (Ach.) Grev. Pannariaceae Tuck. Acroscyphus Le´ v. Austrella P. M. Jørg. Amandinea M. Choisy Degelia Arv. & D. J. Galloway Anaptychia Ko¨ rb. Degeliella P. M. Jørg. Australiaena Matzer, H. Mayrh. & Elix Erioderma Fee´ Buellia De Not. Fuscoderma (D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.) P. M. Jørg. Calicium Pers. & D. J. Galloway Coscinocladium Kunze Fuscopannaria P. M. Jørg. Cratiria Marbach Kroswia P. M. Jørg. ?Culbersonia Essl. Leioderma Nyl. Cyphelium Ach.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 21 Dermatiscum Nyl. Elixiaceae Lumbsch Dermiscellum Hafellner, H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Elixia Lumbsch Dimelaena Norman Meridianelia Kantvilas & Lumbsch* Diploicia A. Massal. Diplotomma Flot. Fuscideaceae Hafellner* Dirinaria (Tuck.) Clem. Fuscidea V. Wirth & Ve˘ zda Hueidia Gassicurtia Fee´ Kantvilas & P. M. McCarthy ?Lettauia D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. Hafellia Kalb, H. Mayrhofer & Scheid. ?Maronea A. Massal. Heterodermia Trevis. ?Orphniospora Ko¨ rb. Hyperphyscia Mu¨ ll. Arg. Hypoflavia Marbach Lecideaceae Chevall. Mischoblastia A. Massal. 5 Porpidiaceae Hertel & Hafellner Mobergia H. Mayrhofer, Sheard & Matzer Amygdalaria Norman Monerolechia Trevis. Bahianora Kalb Phaeophyscia Mob. Bellemerea Hafellner & Cl. Roux Phaeorrhiza H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Catarrhospora Brusse Physcia (Schreb.) Michaux Cecidonia Triebel & Rambold Physciella Essl. Clauzadea Hafellner & Bellem. Physconia Poelt Cryptodictyon A. Massal. Pyxine Fr. Farnoldia Hertel ?Redonia C. W. Dodge Immersaria Rambold & Pietschm. Rinodina (Ach.) Gray Koerberiella Stein Rinodinella H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Labyrintha Malcolm, Elix & Owe-Larsson Santessonia Hale & Vobis Lecidea Ach. ?Sculptolumina Marbach* Lecidoma Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel Stigmatochroma Marbach Lopacidia Kalb ?Sphinctrinopsis Woron. Mycobilimbia Rehm Tetramelas Norman Pachyphysis R. C. Harris & Ladd Texosporium Na´ dv. ex Tibell & Hofsten Paraporpidia Rambold & Pietschm. Thelomma A. Massal. Poeltiaria Hertel Tholurna Norman Poeltidea Hertel & Hafellner Tornabea Oesth. Porpidia Ko¨ rb. ?Tylophoropsis Sambo ?Pseudopannaria (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. ?Rhizolecia Hertel Teloschistaceae Zahlbr.* Romjularia Timdal* Caloplaca Th. Fr. Schizodiscus Brusse Cephalophysis (Hertel) H. Kilias ?Steinia Ko¨ rb. Fulgensia A. Massal. & De Not. Stephanocyclos Hertel Huea C. W. Dodge & G. E. Baker Xenolecia Hertel Ioplaca Poelt Josefpoeltia S. Y. Kondr. & Ka¨ rnefelt Ophioparmaceae R. W. Rogers & Hafellner Seirophora Poelt 5 Rhizoplacopsidaceae J. C. Wei & Q. M. Zhou* Teloschistes Norman Boreoplaca Timdal* Xanthodactylon P. A. Duvign.* 5 Rhizoplacopsis J. C. Wei & Q. M. Zhou* Xanthomendoza S. Y. Kondr. & Ka¨ rnefelt Ophioparma Norman Xanthopeltis R. Sant. Hypocenomyce M. Choisy Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr.* Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner Jackelixia 5 S. Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, ?Catolechia Flot. Ka¨ rnefelt & A. Thell* ?Epilichen Clem. 5 Ovealmbornia S. Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Poeltinula Hafellner Ka¨ rnefelt, Elix & A. Thell* Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. 5 Xanthokarroa S.Y.Kondr.,Fedorenko,S.Stenroos, Ka¨ rnefelt, Elix & A. Thell* Ropalosporaceae Hafellner* Ropalospora A. Massal. Lecanoromycetidae, families incertae sedis Brigantiaeaceae Hafellner & Bellem. Lecanoromycetes, orders incertae sedis ?Argopsis Th. Fr. Candelariales Miadl., Lutzoni & Lumbsch* Brigantiaea Trevis. Candelariaceae Hakul.*

22 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Candelaria A. Massal.* Microsphaera Le´ v. Candelariella Mu¨ ll. Arg.* Neoerysiphe U. Braun* Candelina Poelt* Parauncinula S. Takamatsu, U. Braun & S. Limkaisang* Placomaronea Ra¨ senen* Phyllactinia Le´ v. Pleochaeta Sacc. & Speg. Umbilicariales Lumbsch, Hestmark & Lutzoni* Podosphaera Kunze Umbilicariaceae Chevall. Sawadaea Miyabe Lasallia Me´ rat Setoerysiphe Y. Nomura Umbilicaria Hoffm. Sphaerotheca Le´ v. Lecanoromycetes, genera incertae sedis Typhulochaeta Ito & Hara Auriculora Kalb Uncinula Le´ v. Bartlettiella D. J. Galloway & P. M. Jørg. Uncinuliella R. Y. Zheng & G. Q. Chen Biatoridium J. Lahm ex Ko¨ rb. Helotiales Nannf. Bilimbia De Not. 5 Leotiales Carpenter Botryolepraria Canals, Hern.-Mar., Go´ mez-Bolea & ?Ascocorticiaceae J. Schro¨ t. Llimona Ascocorticium Bref. Bouvetiella Øvstedal Bulgariaceae Fr. Buelliastrum Zahlbr. Bulgaria Fr. Collolechia A. Massal. Holwaya Sacc. ?Corticifraga D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. Corticiruptor Wedin & Hafellner Dermateaceae Fr. ?Eschatogonia Trevis. Aivenia Svrcek ?Haploloma Trevis. Angelina Fr. Helocarpon Fr. Ascluella DiCosmo, Nag Raj & W. B. Kendr. Hosseusia Gyeln. Atropellis Zeller & Goodd. Korfiomyces Iturr. & D. Hawksw. Belonopsis (Sacc.) Sacc. & P. Syd. Leprocaulon Nyl. Blumeriella Arx Maronella M. Steiger Calloria Fr. Mattickiolichen Tomas. & Cif. Calloriella Ho¨ hn. Nimisiostella Calat., Barreno & O. E. Erikss. Calycellinopsis W. Y. Zhuang Notolecidea Hertel Cashiella Petr. Piccolia A. Massal. Cejpia Velen. Podotara Malcolm & Ve˘ zda Chaetonaevia Arx ?Psorotichiella Werner Chlorosplenium Fr. ?Ravenelula Speg. Coleosperma Ingold Roccellinastrum Follmann Coronellaria P. Karst. ?Stenhammarella Hertel Crustomollisia Svrcek Timdalia Hafellner Cryptohymenium Samuels & L. M. Kohn Umbilithecium Etayo* Dennisiodiscus Svrcek Dermateopsis Nannf. Class Leotiomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka Dermea Fr. Cyttariales Luttr. ex Gamundı´ Dibeloniella Nannf. Cyttariaceae Speg. Diplocarpa Massee Cyttaria Berk. Diplocarpon F. A. Wolf Erysiphales Gwynne-Vaughan Diplonaevia Sacc. Erysiphaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Discocurtisia Nannf. Arthrocladiella Vassilkov Discohainesia Nannf. Blumeria Golovin ex Speer Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Ho¨ hn. Brasiliomyces Vie´ gas Duebenia Fr. Bulbomicrosphaera A. Q. Wang Durandiella Seaver Bulbouncinula R. Y. Zheng & G. Q. Chen Eupropolella Ho¨ hn. Caespitotheca S. Takam. & U. Braun Felisbertia Vie´ gas Cystotheca Berk. & Curtis Graddonia Dennis Erysiphe DC. Haglundia Nannf. Golvinomyces Gelyuta Hysteronaevia Nannf. Leveillula G. Arnaud Hysteropezizella Ho¨ hn. Medusosphaera Golovin & Gamalizk. Hysterostegiella Ho¨ hn.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 23 Involucroscypha Raitv. ?Calloriopsis Syd. & P. Syd. Laetinaevia Nannf. Capillipes R. Sant. Leptotrochila P. Karst. Carneopezizella Svrcek Micropeziza Fuckel Cenangiopsis Rehm Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst. Cenangium Fr. Naevala B. Hein Cenangiumella J. Fro¨ hl. & K. D. Hyde Naeviella (Rehm) Clem. Chlorociboria Seaver ex Ramamurthi, Korf & L. R. Batra Naeviopsis B. Hein Chloroscypha Seaver Neofabraea H. S. Jacks. Claussenomyces Kirschst. Neotapesia E. Mu¨ ll. & Hu¨ tter Cordierites Mont. Nimbomollisia Nannf. Crocicreas Fr. Niptera Fr. Crumenella P. Karst. Nothophacidium J. Reid & Cain Crumenulopsis J. W. Groves Obscurodiscus Raitv. Cudoniella Sacc. Obtectodiscus E. Mu¨ ll., Petrini & Samuels Dencoeliopsis Korf Ocellaria (Tul. & C. Tul.) P. Karst. Dictyonia Syd. Patellariopsis Dennis Discinella Boud. Patinella Sacc. Encoeliopsis Nannf. Pezicula Tul. & C. Tul. Episclerotium L. M. Kohn & Nagas. Pezolepis Syd. Erikssonopsis M. Morelet Phaeomollisia T. N. Sieber & C. R. Gru¨ nig* Eubelonis Ho¨ hn. Phaeonaevia L. Holm & K. Holm Gelatinodiscus Kanouse & A. H. Sm. Pirottaea Sacc. ?Gelatinopsis Rambold & Triebel Pleoscutula Vou. Gloeopeziza Zukal Ploettnera P. Henn. Godronia Moug. & Le´ v. Podophacidium Niessl Godroniopsis Diehl & E. K. Cash Pseudonaevia Dennis & Spooner Gorgoniceps P. Karst. Pseudoniptera Velen. Grahamiella Spooner Pseudopeziza Fuckel Gremmeniella M. Morelet Pyrenopeziza Fuckel Grimmicola Do¨ bbeler & Hertel Sarconiptera Raitv. Grovesia Dennis Schizothyrioma Ho¨ hn. Grovesiella M. Morelet Scleropezicula Verkley Heterosphaeria Grev. Scutobelonium Graddon Holmiodiscus Svrcek Scutomollisia Nannf. Hymenoscyphus Gray Sorokina Sacc. Jacobsonia Boedijn Sorokinella J. Fro¨ hl. & K. D. Hyde Metapezizella Petr. Spilopodia Boud. Micraspis Darker Spilopodiella E. Mu¨ ll. ?Micropodia Boud. Trochila Fr. Mniaecia Boud. Waltonia Saho Mollisinopsis Arendh. & R. Sharma Mytilodiscus Kropp & S. E. Carp. Helotiaceae Rehm Neocudoniella S. Imai Allophylaria (P. Karst.) P. Karst. Nipterella Starb. ex Dennis Ameghiniella Speg. Ombrophila Fr. Aquadiscula Shearer & J. L. Crane ?Pachydisca Boud. Ascocalyx Naumov Parencoelia Petr. Ascoclavulina Otani Parorbiliopsis Spooner & Dennis Ascocoryne J. W. Groves & D. E. Wilson Patinellaria H. Karst. Ascotremella Seaver Pestalopezia Seaver Austrocenangium Gamundı´ Phaeangellina Dennis ?Banksiamyces G. Beaton Phaeofabraea Rehm Belonioscyphella Ho¨ hn. Phaeohelotium Kanouse Bioscypha Syd. ?Physmatomyces Rehm Bisporella Sacc. Pocillum De Not. Bryoscyphus Spooner Poculopsis Kirschst. Bulgariella P. Karst. Polydiscidium Wakef. Bulgariopsis P. Henn. Pragmopora A. Massal.

24 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Pseudohelotium Fuckel Gemmina Raitv.* Pseudopezicula Korf Graddonidiscus Raitv. & R. Gala´ n Rhizocalyx Petr. Hamatocanthoscypha Svrcek Roesleria Thu¨ m. & Pass.* Hegermila Raitv. Sageria A. Funk Hyalacrotes (Korf & Kohn) Raitv. Septopezizella Svrcek Hyalopeziza Fuckel Skyathea Spooner & Dennis Hyaloscypha Boud. Stamnaria Fuckel Hydrocina Scheuer Strossmayeria Schulzer Hyphodiscus Kirschst. Symphyosirinia E. A. Ellis Incrucipulum Baral Tatraea Svrcek Incrupila Raitv. Thindiomyces Arendh. & R. Sharma Lachnellula P. Karst. Tympanis Fr. Lasiobelonium Ellis & Everh. Unguiculariopsis Rehm Microscypha Syd. & P. Syd. Velutarina Korf ex Korf Mollisina Ho¨ hn. ex Weese Weinmannioscyphus Svrcek Neodasyscypha Sukova´ & Spooner Xeromedulla Korf & W. Y. Zhuang Olla Velen. Xylogramma Wallr. Otwaya G. Beaton Parachnopeziza Korf Hemiphacidiaceae Korf Perrotia Boud. Chlorencoelia J.R. Dixon Phaeoscypha Spooner ?Didymascella Maire & Sacc. Pithyella Boud. Fabrella Kirschst. Polaroscyphus Huhtinen Heyderia (Fr.) Link Polydesmia Boud. Korfia J. Reid & Cain Proliferodiscus J. H. Haines & Dumont Rhabdocline Syd. Proprioscypha Spooner Sarcotrochila Ho¨ hn. ?Protounguicularia Raitv. & Gala´ n Psilachnum Ho¨ hn. Hyaloscyphaceae Nannf. Psilocistella Svrcek Albotricha Raitv. Pubigera Baral, Gminder & Svrcek Amicodisca Svrcek Remleria Raitv.* Antinoa Velen. Rodwayella Spooner ?Arachnopeziza Fuckel Roseodiscus H. O. Baral* Asperopilum Spooner Tapesina Lambotte Austropezia Spooner Unguicularia Ho¨ hn. Belonidium Mont. & Dur. Unguiculariella K. S. Thind & R. Sharma Betulina Velen. Unguiculella Ho¨ hn. Brunnipila Baral Urceolella Boud. Bryoglossum Redhead Velutaria Fuckel Calycellina Ho¨ hn. Venturiocistella Raitv. Calycina Nees ex Gray Calyptellopsis Svrcek Lachnaceae (Nannf.) Raitv.* Capitotricha (Raitv.) Baral Lachnaster Ho¨ hn.* Chrysothallus Velen. Lachnum Retz.* Ciliolarina Svrcek 5 Dasyscyphus Nees ?Ciliosculum Kirschst. Solenopezia Sacc.* Cistella Que´ l. Trichopeziza Fuckel* Cistellina Raitv. Leotiaceae Corda Chimaeroscypha Raitv.* Geocoryne Korf Clavidisculum Kirschst. Gelatinipulvinella Hosoya & Y. Otani Dasyscyphella Tranzschel Leotia Pers. Dematioscypha Svrcek Microglossum Gillet ?Didonia Velen. Neobulgaria Petr. Dimorphotricha Spooner Pezoloma Clem. Echinula Graddon 5 Rhizoscyphus W. Y. Zhuang & Korf* Eriopezia (Sacc.) Rehm Fuscolachnum J. H. Haines Loramycetaceae Dennis ex Digby & Goos Fuscoscypha Svrcek Loramyces W. Weston

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 25 Phacidiaceae Fr. Ambrodiscus Carpenter ?Ascocoma H. J. Swart Amylocarpus Curr. Lophophacidium Lagerb. Aquapoterium Raja & Shearer* Phacidium Fr. ?Ascographa Velen. ?Atrocybe Velen. Rutstroemiaceae Holst-Jensen, L. M. Kohn & T. ?Benguetia Syd. & P. Syd. Schumacher ?Capricola Velen. Lambertella Ho¨ hn. ?Cenangiopsis Velen. Lanzia Sacc. ?Chlorospleniella P. Karst. Piceomphale Svrcek Chondroderris Maire Poculum Velen. ?Ciliella Sacc. & P. Syd. Rutstroemia P. Karst. ?Comesia Sacc. Scleromitrula S. Imai ?Cornuntum Velen. Sclerotiniaceae Whetzel ex Whetzel ?Criserosphaeria Speg. Cryptopezia Hohn. Asterocalyx Ho¨ hn. ¨ Dawsicola Dobbeler Botryotinia Whetzel ¨ Didymocoryne Sacc. & Trotter Ciboria Fuckel ?Discomycella Hohn. Ciborinia Whetzel ¨ Echinodiscus Etayo & Diederich Coprotinia Whetzel Endoscypha Syd. Cudoniopsis Speg. Gloeotinia M. Wilson, Noble & E. G. Gray Dicephalospora Spooner Helotiella Sacc. Dumontinia L. M. Kohn Hymenobolus Durieu & Mont. Elliottinia L. M. Kohn ?Hyphoscypha Velen. Encoelia (Fr.) P. Karst. ?Iridinea Velen. Grovesinia M. N. Cline, J. L. Crane & S. D. Cline Lachnea (Fr.) Gillet Kohninia Holst-Jensen, Vra˚ lstad & T. Schumach. Lahmiomyces Cif. & Tomas. Lambertellina Korf & Lizon˜ ?Laricina Velen. Martininia Dumont & Korf ?Lasseria Dennis Mitrula Fr. ?Lemalis Fr. Mitrulinia Spooner Livia Velen. Monilinia Honey Llimoniella Hafellner & Nav.-Ros. ?Moserella Po¨ der & Scheuer ?Lobularia Velen. Myriosclerotinia N. F. Buchw. Loricella Velen. Nervostroma Y. Harada & T. Narumi* Malotium Velen. (non Mallotium (Ach.) Gray) Ovulinia Weiss Masseea Sacc. Phaeosclerotinia Hori ?Melanopeziza Velen. Poculina Spooner ?Melanormia Ko¨ rb. Pseudociboria Kanouse Merodontis Clem. Pycnopeziza W. L. White & Whetzel Microdiscus Sacc. Redheadia Y. Suto & Suyama Midotiopsis P. Henn. Sclerocrana Samuels & L. M. Kohn ?Muscia Gizhitsk. Sclerotinia Fuckel Muscicola Velen. Seaverinia Whetzel ?Mycomelaena Velen. Septotinia Whetzel ex J. W. Groves & M. E. Elliott ?Mycosphaerangium Verkley Streptotinia Whetzel Myriodiscus Boedijn Stromatinia Boud. Naemacyclus Fuckel Torrendiella Boud. & Torr. ?Obconicum Velen. Valdensinia Peyronel ?Orbiliopsis Velen. Zoellneria Velen. ?Orbiliopsis (Sacc.) Syd. Vibrisseaceae Korf ?Parthenope Velen. Chlorovibrissea L. M. Kohn Peltigeromyces A. Mo¨ ller Leucovibrissea (A. Sa´ nchez) Korf ?Pezomela Syd. Vibrissea Fr. Phaeopyxis Rambold & Triebel ?Phragmiticola Sherwood Helotiales, genera incertae sedis ?Phyllopezis Petr. Adelodiscus Syd. Pleiopatella Rehm ?Algincola Velen. ?Polydiscina Syd.

26 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Potridiscus Do¨ bbeler & Triebel Davisomycella Darker ?Pseudolachnum Velen. Discocainia J. Reid & A. Funk ?Pseudopeltis L. Holm & K. Holm Duplicaria Fuckel ?Pseudotapesia Velen. Duplicariella B. Erikss. Pseudotryblidium Rehm Elytroderma Darker ?Psilophana Syd. Hypoderma De Not. ?Psilothecium Clem. Hypodermella Tubeuf ?Pteromyces E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc. Hypohelion P. R. Johnst. Rhymbocarpus Zopf Isthmiella Darker ?Riedera Fr. Lirula Darker ?Rimula Velen. Lophodermella Ho¨ hn. ?Robincola Velen. Lophodermium Chevall. ?Roburnia Velen. Lophomerum Quell. & Magasi ?Sambucina Velen. Marthamyces Minter Sarcomyces Massee Meloderma Darker ?Schnablia Sacc. & P. Syd. Moutoniella Penz. & Sacc. ?Scutulopsis Velen. Myriophacidium Sherwood Skyttea Sherwood, D. Hawksw. & Coppins Nematococcomyces C. L. Hou, M. Piepenbr. & Oberw. Skyttella D. Hawksw. & R. Sant. Neococcomyces Y. R. Lin, C. T. Xiang & Z. Z. Li ?Solanella Van˜ ha Nothorhytisma Minter, P. F. Cannon, A. I. Romero & ?Spirographa Zahlbr. Peredo Starbaeckia Rehm ex Starb. ?Nymanomyces P. Henn. ?Stilbopeziza Speg. Parvacoccum R. S. Hunt & A. Funk ?Tanglella Ho¨ hn. Ploioderma Darker. ?Themisia Velen. Propolis (Fr.) Fr. Tovariella Syd. Pureke P. R. Johnston Trichangium Kirschst. Rhytisma Fr. Trichohelotium Killerm. Soleella Darker ?Tubolachnum Velen. Sporomega Corda Urceola Que´ l. Terriera B. Erikss. Woodiella Sacc. & P. Syd. Therrya Sacc. Zugazaea Korf, Iturr. & Lizon˜ Triblidiopsis P. Karst. Virgella Darker Rhytismatales M. E. Barr ex Minter Vladracula P. F. Cannon, Minter & Kamal Ascodichaenaceae D. Hawksw. & Sherwood Xyloschizon Syd. Ascodichaena Butin Zeus Minter & Diamandis Delpinoina Kuntze ?Pseudophacidium P. Karst. Rhytismatales, genera incertae sedis ?Apiodiscus Petr. Cryptomycetaceae Ho¨ hn. ?Bonanseja Sacc. Cryptomyces Grev. Brunaudia (Sacc.) Kuntze Macroderma Ho¨ hn. Cavaraella Speg. ?Potebniamyces Smerlis ?Didymascus Sacc. Pseudorhytisma Juel Gelineostroma H. J. Swart Cudoniaceae P. F. Cannon ?Haplophyse Theiss. Cudonia Fr. Heufleria Auersw. Spathularia Pers. Hypodermellina Ho¨ hn. ?Irydyonia Racib. Rhytismataceae Chevall. ?Karstenia Fr. ex Sacc. Bifusella Ho¨ hn. ?Laquearia Fr. Bifusepta Darker Lasiostictella Sherwood Bivallium P. R. Johnst. ?Melittosporiella Canavirgella W. Merr, Wenner & Dreisbach Mellitiosporium Corda Ceratophacidium J. Reid & Piroz. Metadothis (Sacc.) Sacc. Cerion Massee Neophacidium Petr. Coccomyces De Not. Ocotomyces H. C. Evans & Minter Colpoma Wallr. Phaeophacidium P. Henn. & Lindau Criella (Sacc.) Sacc. & P. Syd. Propolidium Sacc.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 27 ?Pseudotrochila Ho¨ hn. Lichinaceae Nyl. ?Tridens Massee Anema Nyl. Calotrichopsis Vain. Thelebolales P. F. Cannon Cryptothele Th. Fr. Thelebolaceae (Brumm.) Eckblad Digitothyrea P. Moreno & Egea Antarctomyces Stchigel & Guarro Edwardiella Henssen Ascophanus Boud. Ephebe Fr. Ascozonus (Renny) E. C. Hansen Euopsis Nyl. Caccobius Kimbr. Finkia Vain. Coprobolus Cain & Kimbr. Gonohymenia J. Steiger Coprotiella Jeng & J. C. Krug Gyrocollema Vain. Coprotus Korf ex Korf & Kimbr. Harpidium Ko¨ rb. Dennisiopsis Subram. & Chandras. Jenmania W. Wa¨ cht. Leptokalpion Brumm. Lecidopyrenopsis Vain. Mycoarctium K. Jain & Cain Lemmopsis (Vain.) Zahlbr. Ochotrichobolus Kimbr. & Korf Lempholemma Ko¨ rb. Pseudascozonus Brumm. Leprocollema Vain. Ramgea Brumm. Lichina C. Agardh Thelebolus Tode Lichinella Nyl. Trichobolus (Sacc.) Kimbr. & Cain Lichinodium Nyl. ?Mawsonia C. W. Dodge Leotiomycetes, families incertae sedis Metamelaena Henssen Myxotrichaceae Currah Paulia Fee´ Byssoascus Arx Peccania A. Massal. ex Arnold Gymnostellatospora Udag., Uchiy. & Kamiya Phloeopeccania J. Steiner Myxotrichum Kunze Phylliscidiopsis Sambo Pseudogymnoascus Raillo Phylliscidium Forssell Thelocarpaceae Zukal* Phyllisciella Henssen & Bu¨ del Melanophloea P. James & Ve˘ zda Phylliscum Nyl. Sarcosagium A. Massal. Porocyphus Ko¨ rb. Thelocarpon Nyl. ?Pseudarctomia Gyeln. Pseudopaulia M. Schultz Vezdaeaceae Poelt & Ve˘ zda ex J. C. David & D. Hawksw.* Psorotichia A. Massal. Vezdaea Tsch.-Woess & Poelt Pterygiopsis Vain. Pyrenocarpon Trevis. Leotiomycetes, genera incertae sedis Pyrenopsis Nyl. ?Bagnisimitrula S. Imai Stromatella Henssen ?Darkera H. S. Whitney, J. Reid & Piroz. Synalissa Fr. ?Hemiglossum Pat. Thelignya A. Massal. ?Leucoglossum S. Imai Thermutis Fr. ?Maasoglossum K. S. Thind & R. Sharma Thermutopsis Henssen Nothomitra Maas Geest. Thyrea A. Massal. ?Pachycudonia S. Imai Zahlbrucknerella Herre Phaeoglossum Petch Pseudomitrula Gamundı´ Peltulaceae Bu¨ del Neoheppia Zahlbr. Class Lichinomycetes Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux Peltula Nyl. Lichinales Henssen & Bu¨ del Phyllopeltula Kalb Gloeoheppiaceae Henssen Gloeoheppia Gyeln. Class Orbiliomycetes O. E. Erikss. & Baral Gudelia Henssen Orbiliales Baral, O. E. Erikss., G. Marson & E. Weber Pseudopeltula Henssen Orbiliaceae Nannf. Hyalorbilia Baral & G. Marson Heppiaceae Zahlbr. 1906 Orbilia Fr. Corynecystis Brusse Pseudorbilia Y. Zhang, Z. F. Yu, H. O. Baral & K. Q. Epiphloea Trevis. Zhang* Heppia Na¨ geli Pseudoheppia Zahlbr. Class Pezizomycetes sensu O. E. Erikss. & Winka Solorinaria (Vain.) Gyeln. Pezizales J. Schro¨ t.*

28 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Ascobolaceae Boud. ex Sacc. Kalahartuber Trappe & Kagan-Zur Ascobolus Pers. Lepidotia Boud. Cleistoiodophanus J. L. Bezerra & Kimbr. Marcelleina Brumm., Korf & Rifai Cubonia Sacc. Mattiroliomyces E. Fisch. Saccobolus Boud. Mycoclelandia Trappe & G. Beaton Thecotheus Boud. Pachyella Boud. Pachyphloeus Tul. & C. Tul. Ascodesmidaceae J. Schro¨ t. Peziza Fr. Ascodesmis Tiegh. Plicaria Fuckel Eleutherascus Arx Rhodopeziza Hohmeyer & Moravec Lasiobolus Sacc. Ruhlandiella P. Henn. Caloscyphaceae Harmaja Sarcosphaera Auersw. Caloscypha Boud. Scabropezia Dissing & Pfister Sphaerozone Zobel Carbomycetaceae Trappe Terfezia (Tul. & C. Tul.) Tul. & C. Tul. Carbomyces Gilkey Tirmania Chatin

Chorioactidaceae Pfister* Pyronemataceae Corda* Chorioactis Kupfer ex Eckblad* Acervus Kanouse Desmazierella Lib.* Aleuria Fuckel Neournula Paden & Tylutki* Aleurina Massee Wolfina Seaver ex Eckblad* Anthracobia Boud. Aparaphysaria Speg. Discinaceae Benedix Arpinia Berthet Gymnohydnotrya B. C. Zhang & Minter Ascocalathium Eidam ex J. Schro¨ t. Gyromitra Fr. Ascosparassis Kobayasi Hydnotrya Berk. & Broome Boubovia Svrcek Pseudorhizina Jacz. Byssonectria P. Karst. Glaziellaceae J. L. Gibson* Boudierella Sacc. Glaziella Berk. Chaetothiersia B. A. Perry & Pfister* Chalazion Dissing & Sivertsen Helvellaceae Fr. Cheilymenia Boud. Balsamia Vittad. Cleistothelebolus Malloch & Cain Barssia Gilkey Dictyocoprotus J. C. Krug & R. S. Khan ?Cidaris Fr. Eoaleurina Korf & W. Y. Zhuang Helvella Fr. Galeoscypha Svrcek & J. Moravec Picoa Vittad. Genea Vittad. Geneosperma Rifai Karstenellaceae Harmaja Geopora Harkn. Karstenella Harmaja Geopyxis (Pers.) Sacc. Morchellaceae Reichenb. Gilkeya M. E. Sm., Trappe & Rizzo Disciotis Boud. Hiemsia Svrcek ?Fischerula Matt. Humaria Fuckel Imaia Trappe & Kovacs* Hydnocystis Tul. ?Leucangium Que´ l. Hypotarzetta Donadini Morchella Dill. Jafnea Korf Verpa Sw. Kotlabaea Svrcek Lamprospora De Not. Pezizaceae Dumort. Lasiobolidium Malloch & Cain Amylascus Trappe Lathraeodiscus Dissing & Sivertsen Boudiera Cooke Lazuardia Rifai Cazia Trappe Leucoscypha Boud. Eremiomyces Trappe & Kagan-Zur Luciotrichus Gala´ n & Raitviir Hapsidomyces J. C. Krug & Jeng Melastiza Boud. Hydnobolites Tul. & C. Tul. Miladina Svrcek Hydnotryopsis Gilkey Moravecia Benkert, Caillet & Moyne Iodophanus Korf Mycogalopsis Gjurasin Iodowynnea Medel, Guzma´ n & Chacon Nannfeldtiella Eckblad

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 29 Neottiella (Cooke) Sacc. Korfiella D. C. Pant & V. P. Tewari Nothojafnea Rifai Plectania Fuckel Octospora Hedw. Pseudoplectania Fuckel Octosporella Do¨ bbeler Sarcosoma Casp. ?Orbicula Cooke Selenaspora R. Heim & Le Gal Otidea (Pers.) Bon. ?Strobiloscypha N. S. Weber & Denison 5 Otideopsis B. Liu & J. Z. Cao Urnula Fr. 5 Flavoscypha Harmaja Oviascoma Y. J. Yao & Spooner Tuberaceae Dumort. Parascutellinia Svrcek Choiromyces Vittad. Paratrichophaea Trigaux Dingleya Trappe Paurocotylis Berk. ex Hook. Labyrinthomyces Boedijn Petchiomyces E. Fisch. & Matt. Paradoxa Mattir. Phaeangium Pat. Reddelomyces Trappe Pseudaleuria Lusk Tuber F. H. Wigg. Pseudombrophila Boud. Pezizales, genera incertae sedis Pulvinula Boud. Delastria Tul. & C. Tul. Pyronema Carus Discinella P. Karst. Pyropyxis Egger Filicupula Yao & Spooner Ramsbottomia W. D. Buckley Loculotuber Trappe, Parlade´ & I. F. Alvarez Rhizoblepharia Rifai ?Microeurotium Ghatak Rhodoscypha Dissing & Sivertsen Orcadia G. K. Sutherl. Rhodotarzetta Dissing & Sivertsen Psilopezia Berk.* Scutellinia (Cooke) Lambotte Urceolaria Bon. Smardaea Svrcek Smarodsia Raitv. & Vimba* Class Sordariomycetes sensu O. E. Erikss. & Winka Sowerbyella Nannf. Subclass Hypocreomycetidae O. E. Erikss. & Winka Sphaerosoma Klotzsch Coronophorales Nannf. Sphaerosporella (Svrcek) Svrcek & Kubicka Bertiaceae Smyk Spooneromyces T. Schumach. & J. Moravec Bertia De Not. Stephensia Tul. & C. Tul. Gaillardiella Pat.* Tazzetta (Cooke) Lambotte Tricharina Eckblad Chaetosphaerellaceae Huhndorf, A. N. Mill. & F. A. Trichophaea Boud. Ferna´ ndez Trichophaeopsis Korf & Erb Chaetosphaerella E. Mu¨ ll. & C. Booth Warcupia Paden & J. V. Cameron Crassochaeta Re´ blova´ Wenyingia Zheng Wang & Pfister Coronophoraceae Ho¨ hn.* Wilcoxina Chin S. Yang & Korf Coronophora Fuckel* Rhizinaceae Bonord. Nitschkiaceae (Fitzp.) Nannf. Rhizina Fr. Acanthonitschkea Speg. Sarcoscyphaceae LeGal ex Eckblad Biciliosporina Subram. & Sekar Aurophora Rifai Botryola Bat. & J. L. Bezerra Cookeina Kuntze Enchnoa Fr. Geodina Denison Fracchiaea Sacc. Kompsoscypha Pfister Groenhiella Jørgen Koch, E. B. G. Jones & S. T. Moss Microstoma Bernstein Janannfeldtia Subram. & Sekar Nanoscypha Denison Lasiosphaeriopsis D. Hawksw. & Sivan. Phillipsia Berk. Loranitschkia Lar. N. Vasiljeva Pithya Fuckel Nitschkia G. H. Otth ex P. Karst. Pseudopithyella Seaver Rhagadostoma Ko¨ rb. Sarcoscypha (Fr.) Boud. Rhagadostomella Etayo Thindia Korf & Waraitch Wynnea Berk. & Curtis Scortechiniaceae Huhndorf, A. N. Mill. & F. A. Ferna´ ndez Coronophorella Ho¨ hn.* Sarcosomataceae Kobayasi Cryptosphaerella Sacc.* Donadinia Bellem. & Mele´ ndez-Howell Euacanthe Theiss. Galiella Nannf. & Korf Neofracchiaea Teng

30 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Scortechinia Sacc. Moelleriella Bres.* Scortechiniella Arx & E. Mu¨ ll.* Mycomalus A. Mo¨ ller Scortechiniellopsis Sivan.* Myriogenospora G. F. Atk. Tympanopsis Starba¨ ck* Neobarya Lowen Neoclaviceps J. White, G. Bills, S. Alderman & Spatafora Hypocreales Lindau Neocordyceps Kobayasi Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman Orbiocrella D. Johnson, G. H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Aphanotria Do¨ bbeler* Spatafora* Battarrina (Sacc.) Clem. & Shear Parepichloe¨ F. J. White Jr. & Reddy Bionectria Speg. Podocrella Seaver Bryocentria Do¨ bbeler 5 Atricordyceps Samuels* Bryonectria Do¨ bbeler 5 Wakefieldiomyces Kobayasi* Clibanites P. Karst. Regiocrella Chaverri & K. T. Hodge Dimerosporiella Speg. Romanoa Thirum. Globonectria Etayo Samuelsia Chaverri & K. T. Hodge* Halonectria E. B. G. Jones Shimizuomyces Kobayasi Heleococcum P. M. Jørg. Sphaerocordyceps Kobayasi Hydropisphaera Dumort. Stereocrea Syd. & P. Syd. Ijuhya Starba¨ ck Kallichroma Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Cordycipitaceae Kreisel ex G. M. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel- Lasionectria (Sacc.) Cooke Jones & Spatafora* Mycoarachis Malloch & Cain Ascopolyporus A. Mo¨ ller* Mycocitrus A. Mo¨ ller Cordyceps (Fr.) Link* Nectriella Nitschke ex Fuckel Hyperdermium J. White, R. Sullivan, G. Bills & N. Nectriopsis Maire Hywel-Jones* Nigrosabulum Malloch & Cain* Torrubiella Boud.* Ochronectria Rossman & Samuels Hypocreaceae De Not. Paranectria Sacc. Aphysiostroma Barrasa, A. T. Martı´ nez & G. Moreno Pronectria Clem. Arachnocrea Z. Moravec Protocreopsis Yoshim. Doi Dialhypocrea Speg. Roumegueriella Speg. Hypocrea Fr. Selinia P. Karst. 5 Podostroma P. Karst. Stephanonectria Schroers & Samuels Hypocreopsis P. Karst. Stilbocrea Pat. Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. Trichonectria Kirschst. Protocrea Petch* Valsonectria Speg. Pseudohypocrea Yoshim. Doi Rogersonia Samuels & Lodge Clavicipitaceae (Lindau) Earle ex Rogerson Sarawakus Lloyd Aciculosporium I. Miyake Sphaerostilbella (P. Henn.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. Atkinsonella Diehl Sporophagomyces K. Po˜ ldmaa & Samuels Balansia Speg. ?Syspastospora P. F. Cannon & D. Hawksw. Berkellella (Sacc.) Sacc. Cavimalum Yoshim. Doi, Dargan & K. S. Thind Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Claviceps Tul. Albonectria Rossman & Samuels Conoideocrella D. Johnson, G. H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Allonectella Petr. Spatafora* Calonectria De Not. Cordycepioideus Stifler Calostilbe Sacc. & Syd. Dussiella Pat. ?Chaetonectrioides Matsush. Epichloe¨ (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. Corallomycetella P. Henn. Epicrea Petr. Cosmospora Rabenh. Helminthascus Tranzschel Cyanonectria Samuels & Chaverri* Heteroepichloe¨ E. Tanaka, C. Tanaka, Abdul Gafur & Gibberella Sacc. Tsuda Glionectria Crous & C. L. Schoch Hypocrella Sacc.* Haematonectria Samuels & Nirenberg Konradia Racib. Lanatonectria Rossman & Samuels ?Loculistroma F. Patt. & Charles Leuconectria Rossman, Samuels & Lowen Metacordyceps G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Nectria (Fr.) Fr. Spatafora* Nectricladiella Crous & C. L. Schoch

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 31 Neocosmospora E. F. Sm. ?Setiferotheca Matsush. Neonectria Wollenw. Sphaerodes Clem. Ophionectria Sacc. ?Vittatispora P. Chaudhary, J. Campb., D. Hawksw. & ?Persiciospora P. F. Cannon & D. Hawksw. K. N. Sastry Pleogibberella Sacc. Pseudonectria Seaver Microascales Luttr. ex Benny & Kimbr. Rubrinectria Rossman & Samuels 5 Halosphaeriales Kohlm.* Stalagmites Theiss. & Syd. Chadefaudiellaceae Faurel & Schotter ex Benny & Kimbr. Viridispora Samuels & Rossman Chadefaudiella Faurel & Schotter Xenocalonectria Crous & C. L. Schoch Faurelina Locq.-Lin. Xenonectriella Weese Halosphaeriaceae E. Mu¨ ll. & Arx ex Kohlm. Niessliaceae Kirschst. Alisea J. Dupont & E. B. G. Jones* Atronectria Etayo* Aniptodera Shearer & M. Miller Circioniesslia Samuels & M. E. Barr Anisostagma K. R. L. Petersen & Jørgen Koch Cryptoniesslia Scheuer Antennospora Meyers Hyaloseta A. W. Ramaley Appendichordella R. G. Johnson, E. B. G. Jones & S. T. Malmeomyces Starb. Moss Melanopsamma Niessl Arenariomyces Ho¨ hnk Melchioria Penz. & Sacc. Ascosacculus J. Campb., J. L. Anderson & Shearer Miyakeomyces Hara Ascosalsum J. Campb., J. L. Anderson & Shearer Myrmaeciella Lindau Bathyascus Kohlm. Niesslia Auersw. Bovicornua Jørgen Koch & E. B. G. Jones Paraniesslia K. M. Tsui, K. D. Hyde & Hodgkiss Buxetroldia K. R. L. Petersen & Jørg. Koch. Pseudonectriella Petr. Carbosphaerella I. Schmidt Pseudorhynchia Ho¨ hn. Ceriosporopsis Linder Taiwanascus Sivan & H. S. Chang Chadefaudia Feldm.-Maz. Trichosphaerella E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc. Corallicola Volkm.-Kohlm. & Kohlm. Valetoniella Ho¨ hn. Corollospora Werderm. Valetoniellopsis Samuels & M. E. Barr Cucullosporella K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Falcatispora K. L. Pang & E. B. G. Jones Ophiocordycipitaceae G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones Fluviatispora K. D. Hyde & Spatafora* Haligena Kohlm. Elaphocordyceps G. H. Sung & Spatafora* Halosarpheia Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. Ophiocordyceps Petch* Halosphaeria Linder Halosphaeriopsis T. W. Johnson Hypocreales, genera incertae sedis Havispora K. L. Pang & Vrijmoed* Bulbithecium Udagawa & T. Muroi Iwilsoniella E. B. G. Jones Emericellopsis J. F. H. Beyma Lanspora K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Eucasphaeria Crous* Lautisporiopsis E. B. G. Jones, Yousoff & S. T. Moss ?Hapsidospora Malloch & Cain Lignincola Hohnk Leucosphaerina Arx ¨ Limacospora E. B. G. Jones, Jœrgen Koch, McKeown & ?Metadothella P. Henn. S. T. Moss Payosphaeria W. F. Leong Littispora J. Campb., J. L. Anderson & Shearer Peethambara Subram. & Bhat Luttrellia Shearer Peloronectria A. Mo¨ ller Magnisphaera Pseudomeliola Speg. J. Campb., J. L. Anderson & Shearer Scopinella Le´ v. Marinospora A. R. Caval. Matsusphaeria K. L. Pang & E. B. G. Jones Ticonectria Do¨ bbeler Tilakidium Vaidya, C. D. Naik & Rathod Moana Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Morakotiella Sakayaroj Melanosporales N. Zhang & M. Blackw.* Nais Kohlm. Ceratostomataceae G. Winter Natantispora J. Campb., J. L. Anderson & Shearer ?Arxiomyces P. F. Cannon & D. Hawksw. Naufragella Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ?Erythrocarpon Zukal Nautosphaeria E. B. G. Jones Melanospora Corda Neptunella K. L. Pang & E. B. G. Jones ?Pteridiosperma J. C. Krug & Jeng Nereiospora E. B. G. Jones, R. G. Johnson & S. T. Moss ?Pustulipora P. F. Cannon Nimbospora Jørgen Koch ?Rhytidospora Jeng & Cain Nohea Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.

32 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Oceanitis Kohlm.* Cornipulvina Huhndorf, A. N. Mill., F. A. Ferna´ ndez & Ocostaspora E. B. G. Jones, R. G. Johnson & S. T. Moss Lodge Okeanomyces K. L. Pang & E. B. G. Jones Endoxyla Fuckel Ondiniella E. B. G. Jones, R. G. Johnson & S. T. Moss Mollicamarops Lar. N. Vassiljeva Ophiodeira Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Calosphaeriales M. E. Barr* Panorbis J. Campb., J. L. Anderson & Shearer Calosphaeriaceae Munk Phaeonectriella Eaton & E. B. G. Jones Calosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul.* Pseudolignincola Chatmala & E. B. G. Jones Conidiotheca Re´ blova´ & L. Mostert* Remispora Linder Jattaea Berl. Saagaromyces K. L. Pang & E. B. G. Jones ?Kacosphaeria Speg. Sablicola E. B. G. Jones, K. L. Pang & Vrijmoed Phragmocalosphaeria Petr. Thalassogena Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ?Sulcatistroma A. W. Ramaley Thalespora Chatmala & E. B. G. Jones Togniniella Re´ blova´ , L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous Tirispora E. B. G. Jones & Vrijmoed ?Wegelina Berl. Trailia G. K. Sutherl. Trichomaris Hibbits, Hughes & Sparks Pleurostomataceae Re´ blova´ , L. Mostert, W. Gams & Tunicatispora K. D. Hyde Crous Pleurostoma Tul. & C. Tul. Microascaceae Luttr. ex Malloch Anekabeeja Udaiyan & Hosag. Chaetosphaeriales Huhndorf, A. N. Mill. & F. A. Canariomyces Arx Ferna´ ndez Enterocarpus Locq.-Lin. Chaetosphaeriaceae Re´ blova´ , M. E. Barr & Samuels Kernia Nieuwl. Ascochalara Re´ blova´ Lophotrichus R. K. Benj. Australiasca Sivan. & Alcorn Microascus Zukal Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. Petriella Curzi 5 Paragaeumannomyces Matsush. Petriellopsis Gilgado, Cano, Guarro & Gene´ * Lecythothecium Re´ blova´ & Winka Pseudallescheria Negroni & I. Fisch. Melanochaeta E. Mu¨ ll., Harr & Sulm. Melanopsammella Ho¨ hn. Microascales, genera incertae sedis Porosphaerella E. Mu¨ ll. & Samuels Ceratocystis Ellis & Halst. Striatosphaeria Samuels & E. Mu¨ ll. Cornuvesica C. D. Viljoen, M. J. Wingf. & K. Jacobs Tainosphaeria F. A. Ferna´ ndez & Huhndorf ?Gondwanamyces Marais & M. J. Wingf. Zignoe¨lla Sacc. Sphaeronaemella P. Karst. Viennotidia Negru & Verona ex Rogerson Coniochaetales Huhndorf, A. N. Mill. & F. A. Ferna´ ndez Coniochaetaceae Malloch & Cain Hypocreomycetidae, families incertae sedis Barrina A. W. Ramaley* Glomerellaceae Locq. ex Seifert & W. Gams Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke* Glomerella Spauld. & Schrenk 5 Coniochaetidium Malloch & Cain* 5 Ephemeroascus Emden* Plectosphaerellaceae W. Gams, Summerbell & Zare* 5 Poroconiochaeta Udagawa & Furuya* Plectosphaerella Kleb. ?Synaptospora Cain Hypocreomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Diaporthales Nannf. Ascocodinaea Samuels, Candoussau & Magni Cryphonectriaceae Gryzenh. & M. J. Wingf. Etheirophora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Amphilogia Gryzenh. & M. J. Wingf. Flammispora U. Pinruan, J. Sakayaroj, K. D. Hyde & E. Celoporthe Nakab., Gryzenh, Jol. Roux & M. J. Wingf. B. G. Jones Chrysoporthe Gryzenhout & M. J. Wingf. Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O. E. Erikss. Cryphonectria (Sacc.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. Porosphaerellopsis E. Mu¨ ll. & Samuels Endothia Fr. Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm. Holocryphia Gryzenh. & M. J. Wingf. Torpedospora Meyers Microthia Gryzenh. & M. J. Wingf. Rostraureum Gryzenh. & M. J. Wingf. Subclass Sordariomycetidae O. E. Erikss. & Winka Boliniales P. F. Cannon. Diaporthaceae Ho¨ hn. ex Wehm. Boliniaceae Rick Apioporthella Petr. Apiocamarops Samuels & J. D. Rogers Diaporthe Nitschke Camaropella Lar. N. Vassiljeva* Leucodiaporthe M. E. Barr & Lar. N. Vassiljeva* Camarops P. Karst. Mazzantia Mont.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 33 Gnomoniaceae G. Winter* Sydowiellaceae Lar. N. Vassiljeva* Ambarignomonia Sogonov* Chapeckia M. E. Barr Anisomyces Theiss. & Syd. Hapalocystis Auersw. ex Fuckel Apiognomonia Ho¨ hn. ?Lambro Racib.* Bagcheea E. Mu¨ ll. & R. Menon Rossmania Lar. N. Vassiljeva Clypeoporthe Ho¨ hn. Sillia P. Karst. Cryptosporella Sacc. Stegophora Syd. & P. Syd.* 5 Ophiovalsa Petr.* Sydowiella Petr. Diaporthella Petr. ?Uleoporthe Petr.* Diplacella Syd. Ditopella De Not. Togniniaceae Re´ blova´ , L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous Ditopellopsis J. Reid & C. Booth Togninia Berl. Gnomonia Ces. & De Not. 5 Romellia Berl.* Gnomoniella Sacc. Gnomoniopsis Berl.* Valsaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Mamiania Ces. & De Not. Amphiporthe Petr. Mamianiella Ho¨ hn. Apioplagiostoma M. E. Barr Ophiognomonia (Sacc.) Sacc. Chadefaudiomyces Kamat, Rao, Patil & Ullasa Phragmoporthe Petr. Clypeoporthella Petr. Phylloporthe Syd. Cryptascoma Ananthap. Plagiostoma Fuckel* Ditopellina J. Reid & C. Booth 5 Cryptodiaporthe Petr.* Durispora K. D. Hyde Pleuroceras Riess* Hypospilina (Sacc.) Traverso 5 Linospora Fuckel* Kapooria J. Reid & C. Booth Skottsbergiella Petr. Leptosillia Ho¨ hn. Valseutypella Ho¨ hn. Leucostoma (Nitschke) Ho¨ hn. Xenotypa Petr. Maculatipalma J. Fro¨ hlich & K. D. Hyde Paravalsa Ananthapadm. Melanconidaceae G. Winter Phruensis Pinruan Botanamphora Nograsek & Scheuer Valsa Fr. Ceratoporthe Petr. Valsella Fuckel Cytomelanconis Naumov Dicarpella Syd. & P. Syd. Vialaeaceae P. F. Cannon Dictyoporthe Petr. Vialaea Sacc. Freminaevia Nieuwl. ?Gibellia Sacc. Diaporthales, genera incertae sedis Hypophloeda K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones ?Anisogramma Theiss. & Syd.* Kensinjia J. Reid & C. Booth Anisomycopsis I. Hino & Katum. Macrodiaporthe Petr. Apiosporopsis (Traverso) Mariani Massariovalsa Sacc. Caudospora Starb. Mebarria J. Reid & C. Booth Chromendothia Lar. N. Vassiljeva Melanamphora Lafl. Cryptoleptosphaeria Petr. Melanconis Tul. & C. Tul. Cryptonectriella (Ho¨ hn.) Weese Melogramma Fr. Cryptonectriopsis (Ho¨ hn.) Weese Phragmodiaporthe Wehm. Diatrypoidiella Manohar., Kunwar & D. K. Agarwal* Plagiophiale Petr. ?Exormatostoma Gray Plagiostigme Syd. Hercospora Fr. Prosthecium Fresen. Keinstirschia J. Reid & C. Booth Prostratus Sivan., W. H. Hsieh & C. Y. Chen Lollipopaia Inderbitzin Pseudovalsella Ho¨ hn. Pachytrype M. E. Barr, J. D. Rogers & Y. M. Ju* Wehmeyera J. Reid & C. Booth Pedumispora K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Wuestneia Auersw. ex Fuckel Pseudocryptosporella J. Reid & C. Booth Wuestneiopsis J. Reid & Dowsett Pseudothis Theiss. & Syd. Pseudovalsaceae M. E. Barr Savulescua Petr. Pseudovalsa Ces. & De Not. ?Sphaerognomoniella Naumov & Kusnezowa Stioclettia Dennis Schizoparmeaceae Rossman* Thailandiomyces Pinruan, Sakay., K. D. Hyde & E. B. Schizoparme Shear G. Jones*

34 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES ?Trematovalsa Jacobesco Bombardioidea C. Moreau ex N. Lundqv. Vismya V. V. Sarma & K. D. Hyde Camptosphaeria Fuckel Cercophora Fuckel Magnaporthales Thongk., Vijakr. & K. D. Hyde* Diffractella Guarro, P. Cannon & van der Aa Magnaporthaceae P. F. Cannon Diplogelasinospora Cain Buergenerula Syd. Emblemospora Jeng & J. C. Krug Ceratosphaerella Huhndorf, M. Greif, Mugambi & A. N. Eosphaeria Ho¨ hn. Mill.* Fimetariella N. Lundq. Ceratosphaeria Niessl Jugulospora N. Lundq. Clasterosphaeria Sivan. Lacunospora Cailleux Clavatisporella K. D. Hyde Lasiosphaeria Ces. & De Not. Gaeumannomyces Arx & D. L. Olivier Lasiosphaeris Clem. ?Herbampulla Scheuer & Nograsek Periamphispora J. C. Krug Magnaporthe R.A. Krause & R. K. Webster Podospora Ces. Muraeriata Huhndorf, M. Greif, Mugambi & A. N. Pseudocercophora Subram. & Sekar Mill.* Schizothecium Corda Omnidemptus P. F. Cannon & Alcorn Strattonia Cif. Ophioceras Sacc. Thaxteria Sacc. Pseudohalonectria Minoura & T. Muroi Triangularia Boedijn Ophiostomatales Benny & Kimbr. Tripterosporella Subram. & Lodha Kathistaceae Malloch & M. Blackw. Zopfiella G. Winter Kathistes Malloch & M. Blackw. Zygopleurage Boedijn Zygospermella Cain Ophiostomataceae Nannf. Ceratocystiopsis H. P. Upadhyay & W. B. Kendr. Sordariaceae G. Winter Fragosphaeria Shear Cainiella E. Mu¨ ll. Grosmannia Gold. Copromyces N. Lundq. Klasterskya Petr. ?Effetia Bartoli, Maggi & Persiani Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. Gelasinospora Dowding Spumatoria Massee & E. S. Salmon ?Guilliermondia Boud. Subbaromyces Hesselt. Neurospora Shear & B. O. Dodge Pseudoneurospora D. Garcı´ a, Stchigel & Guarro Sordariales Chad. ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. Sordaria Ces. & De Not. Chaetomiaceae G. Winter Stellatospora T. Ito & A. Nakagiri Achaetomium J. N. Rai, J. P. Tewari & Mukerji Bommerella Marchal Sordariales, genera incertae sedis Boothiella Lodhi & Mirza Acanthotheciella Ho¨ hn. Chaetomidium (Zopf) Sacc.* ?Ascolacicola Ranghoo & K. D. Hyde 5 Aporothielavia Malloch & Cain Bombardiella Ho¨ hn. Chaetomiopsis Mustafa & Abdul-Wahid Coronatomyces D. Garcı´ a, Stchigel & Guarro Chaetomium Kunze Corylomyces Stchigel, Calduch & Guarro* Corynascella Arx & Hodges Cuspidatispora A. Mill., Shearer, Bartolata & Huhndorf Corynascus Arx Globosphaeria D. Hawksw. Emilmuelleria Arx Immersiella A. N. Mill. & Huhndorf Farrowia D. Hawksw. Isia D. Hawksw. & Manohar. Guanomyces M. C. Gonza´ les, Hanlin & Ulloa Lockerbia K. D. Hyde Subramaniula Arx Melanocarpus Arx Thielavia Zopf ?Monosporascus Pollack & Uecker ?Nitschkiopsis Nannf. & R. Sant. Lasiosphaeriaceae Nannf. Onygenopsis P. Henn. Anopodium Lundq. Phaeosporis Clem. Apiosordaria Arx & W. Gams Reconditella Matzer & Hafellner Apodospora Cain & J. H. Mirza Rhexosporium Udagawa & Fur. Apodus Malloch & Cain Roselliniella Vain. Arniella Jeng & J. C. Krug Roselliniomyces Matzer & Hafellner Arnium Nitschke ex G. Winter Roselliniopsis Matzer & Hafellner Bellojisia Re´ blova´ * ?Savoryella E. B. G. Jones & Eaton Bombardia (Fr.) P. Karst. Utriascus Re´ blova´

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 35 Sordariomycetidae, families incertae sedis Erythromada Huhndorf, A. N. Mill., F. A. Ferna´ ndez & Amplistromataceae Huhndorf, A. N. Mill., M. Greif & Lodge Samuels* Garethjonesia K. D. Hyde Amplistroma Huhndorf, A. N. Mill., M. Greif & Hanliniomyces Raja & Shearer* Samuels* Hilberina A. N. Mill. & Huhndorf Wallrothiella Sacc.* Lasiosphaeriella Sivan. Lentomitella Ho¨ hn. Annulatascaceae S. W. Wong, K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Leptosporella Penz. & Sacc. Annulatascus K. D. Hyde Linocarpon Syd. & P. Syd. Annulusmagnus J. Campb. & Shearer Menisporopascus Matsush. Aqualignicola V. M. Ranghoo, K. M. Tsui & K. D. Hyde Merugia Rogerson & Samuels Aquaticola W. H. Ho, K. M. Tsui, Hodgkiss & K. D. Mycomedusiospora G. C. Carroll & Munk Hyde Myelosperma Syd. & P. Syd. Ascitendus J. Campb. & Shearer Neolinocarpon K. D. Hyde Ayria Fryar & K. D. Hyde Nigromammilla K. D. Hyde & J. Fro¨ hl. Brunneosporella V. M. Ranghoo & K. D. Hyde Phaeotrichosphaeria Sivan. Cataractispora K. D. Hyde, S. W. Wong & E. B. G. Phragmodiscus Hansf. Jones Plagiosphaera Petr. Clohiesia K. D. Hyde Rhodoveronaea Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous* Cyanoannulus Raja, J. Campb. & Shearer Rimaconus Huhndorf, F. A. Ferna´ ndez, J. E. Taylor & Diluviocola K. D. Hyde, S. W. Wong & E. B. G. Jones K. D. Hyde Fluminicola S. W. Wong, K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Spinulosphaeria Sivan. Frondicola K. D. Hyde Teracosphaeria Re´ blova´ & Seifert Fusoidispora D. Vijaykrishna, R. Jeewon & K. D. Hyde Xylomelasma Re´ blova´ Pseudoproboscispora Punith. Rhamphoria Niessl Subclass Xylariomycetidae sensu O. E. Erikss. & Winka Submersisphaeria K. D. Hyde Xylariales Nannf. Teracosphaeria Re´ blova´ & Seifert* Amphisphaeriaceae G. Winter Torrentispora K. D. Hyde, W. H. Ho, E. B. G. Jones, K. Amphisphaerella (Sacc.) Kirschst. M. Tsui & S. W. Wong Amphisphaeria Ces. & De Not. Vertexicola K. D. Hyde, V. M. Ranghoo & S. W. Wong Arecophila K. D. Hyde Atrotorquata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Cephalothecaceae Ho¨ hn. Blogiascospora Shoemaker, E. Mu¨ ll. & Morgan-Jones Albertiniella Kirschst. ?Broomella Sacc. Cephalotheca Fuckel Cainia Arx & E. Mu¨ ll. Cryptendoxyla Malloch & Cain Cannonia J. E. Taylor & K. D. Hyde Helminthosphaeriaceae Samuels, Candoussau & Magnı´ ?Capsulospora K. D. Hyde Echinosphaeria A. N. Mill. & Huhndorf Ceriophora Ho¨ hn. Helminthosphaeria Fuckel ?Ceriospora Niessl Ruzenia O. Hilber Chitonospora E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc. Tengiomyces Re´ blova´ ?Clypeophysalospora H. J. Swart Discostroma Clem. Jobellisiaceae Re´ blova´ * Distorimula San Martı´ n, Lavı´ n & Esqueda Jobellisia M. E. Barr Dyrithiopsis L. Cai, R. Jeewon & K. D. Hyde Dyrithium Papulosaceae Winka & O. E. Erikss. ? M. E. Barr Papulosa Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ?Ellurema Nag Raj & W. B. Kendr. Flagellosphaeria Aptroot Sordariomycetidae, genera incertae sedis Frondispora K. D. Hyde Arecacicola J. E. Taylor, J. Fro¨ hl. & K. D. Hyde Funiliomyces Aptroot Ascotaiwania Sivan. & H. S. Chang Griphosphaerioma Ho¨ hn. Ascovaginospora Fallah, Shearer & W. Chen Iodosphaeria Samuels, E. Mu¨ ll. & O. Petrini Barbatosphaeria Re´ blova´ * Lanceispora Nakagiri, I. Okane, Tad. Ito & Katumoto Biconiosporella Schaum. ?Leiosphaerella Ho¨ hn. Carpoligna F. A. Ferna´ ndez & Huhndorf ?Lepteutypa Petr. Caudatispora J. Fro¨ hlich & K. D. Hyde Lindquistomyces Aramb., E. Mu¨ ll. & Gamundı´ Ceratostomella Sacc.* Manokwaria K. D. Hyde Chaetosphaerides Matsush. Monographella Petr. Conioscyphascus Re´ blova´ & Seifert Mukhakesa Udaiyan & Hosag.

36 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Neobroomella Petr. Annulohypoxylon Y. M. Ju, J. D. Rogers & H. M. Hsieh Neohypodiscus J. D. Rogers, Y. M. Yu & Laessœe Anthostomella Sacc. Ommatomyces Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O. E. Erikss. Appendixia B. S. Lu & K. D. Hyde ?Oxydothis Penz. & Sacc. Areolospora S. C. Jong & E. E. Davis Paracainiella Lar. N. Vassiljeva ?Ascotricha Berk. ?Pemphidium Mont. Ascovirgaria J. D. Rogers & Y. M. Ju ?Pestalosphaeria M. E. Barr Astrocystis Berk. & Broome ?Reticulosphaeria Sivan. & Bahekar Barrmaelia Rappaz ?Urosporella G. F. Atk. Biscogniauxia Kuntze Urosporellopsis W. H. Hsieh, C. Y. Chen & Sivan. Calceomyces Udagawa & S. Ueda Xylochora Arx & E. Mu¨ ll. Camillea Fr. Chaenocarpus Rebent. Clypeosphaeriaceae G. Winter Chlorostroma A. N. Mill., Lar. N. Vassiljeva & J. D. ?Apioclypea K. D. Hyde Rogers* ?Apiorhynchostoma Petr. Collodiscula I. Hino & Katum. Aquasphaeria K. D. Hyde Creosphaeria Theiss. Brunneiapiospora K. D. Hyde, J. Fro¨ hlich & J. E. Taylor Cyanopulvis J. Fro¨ hl. & K. D. Hyde Clypeosphaeria Fuckel Daldinia Ces. & De Not. Crassoascus Checa, Barrasa & A. T. Martinez Discoxylaria J. C. Lindq. & J. E. Wright Duradens Samuels & Rogerson ?Emarcea Duong, R. Jeewon & K. D. Hyde Palmomyces K. D. Hyde, J. Fro¨ hlich & J. E. Taylor Engleromyces P. Henn. Pseudovalsaria Spooner Entoleuca Syd. Entonaema A. Mo¨ ller Diatrypaceae Nitschke Euepixylon Fu¨ isting Anthostoma Nitschke Fasciatispora K. D. Hyde Cryptosphaeria Ces. & De Not. Fassia Dennis Diatrype Fr. Gigantospora B. S. Lu & K. D. Hyde Diatrypella (Ces. & De Not.) De Not. Guestia G. J. D. Sm. & K. D. Hyde Echinomyces Rappaz Halorosellinia Whalley, E. B. G. Jones, K. D. Hyde & Eutypa Tul. & C. Tul. Læssøe Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc. Helicogermslita Lodha & D. Hawksw. Leptoperidia Rappaz Holttumia Lloyd Peroneutypa Berl. Hypocopra (Fr.) J. Kickx f. Quaternaria Tul. & C. Tul. Hypoxylon Bull. Induratia Graphostromataceae M. E. Barr, J. D. Rogers & Y. M. Ju Samuels, E. Mu¨ ll. & O. Petrini Jumillera J. D. Rogers, Y. M. Ju & San Martı´ n Graphostroma Piroz. Kretzschmaria Fr. Hyponectriaceae Petr. Kretzschmariella Vie´ gas Apiothyrium Petr. Leprieuria Laessøe, J. D. Rogers & Whalley ?Arecomyces K. D. Hyde ?Leptomassaria Petr. Arwidssonia B. Erikss. Lopadostoma (Nitschke) Traverso Cesatiella Sacc. Myconeesia Kirschst. Chamaeascus L. Holm, K. Holm & M. E. Barr Nemania Gray Charonectria Sacc. Nipicola K. D. Hyde Discosphaerina Ho¨ hn. Obolarina Pouzar Exarmidium P. Karst. Occultitheca J. D. Rogers & Y. M. Ju Hyponectria Sacc. Ophiorosellinia J. D. Rogers, A. Hidalgio, F. A. Micronectria Speg. Ferna´ ndez & Huhndorf Papilionovela Aptroot Pandanicola K. D. Hyde Pellucida Dulym., Sivan., P. F. Canon & Peerally Paramphisphaeria F. A. Ferna´ ndez, J. D. Rogers, Y. M. Physalospora Niessl Ju, Huhndorf & L. Umana Pseudomassaria Jacz. ?Paucithecium Lloyd Rhachidicola K. D. Hyde & J. Fro¨ hl. Phylacia Le´ v. ?Xenothecium Ho¨ hn. Pidoplitchkoviella Kiril. Podosordaria Ellis & Holw. Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Poroleprieuria M. C. Gonza´ les, Hanlin, Ulloa & E. Amphirosellinia Y. M. Ju, J. D. Rogers, H. M. Hsieh & Aguirre Lar. N. Vassiljeva Poronia Willd.

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 37 Pyrenomyxa Morgan Armatellaceae Hosag. 5 Pulveria Malloch & Rogerson Armatella Theiss. & Syd. Rhopalostroma D. Hawksw. Rosellinia De Not. Meliolaceae G. W. Martin ex Hansf. Sabalicola K. D. Hyde Amazonia Theiss. Sarcoxylon Cooke Appendiculella Ho¨ hn. Asteridiella McAlpine ?Sclerodermatopsis Torrens Basavamyces V. B. Hosag.* ?Seynesia Sacc. Ceratospermopsis Bat. Spirodecospora B. S. Lu, K. D. Hyde & W. H. Ho Cryptomeliola S. Hughes & Piroz. ?Steganopycnis Syd. & P. Syd. Ectendomeliola Hosag. & D. K. Agarwal* Stereosphaeria Kirschst. Endomeliola S. Hughes & Piroz. Stilbohypoxylon P. Henn. Haraea Sacc. & P. Syd. Striatodecospora D. Q. Zhou, K. D. Hyde & B. S. Lu ?Hypasteridium Speg. Stromatoneurospora S. C. Jong & E. E. Davis Irenopsis F. Stevens Thamnomyces Ehrenb. Laeviomeliola Bat. Theissenia Maubl. Leptascospora Speg. Thuemenella Penz. & Sacc. Meliola Fr. Versiomyces Whalley & Watling ?Metasteridium Speg. Vivantia J. D. Rogers, Y. M. Ju & Candoussau Ophiociliomyces Bat. & I. H. Lima Wawelia Namysl. Ophioirenina Sawada & W. Yamam. Whalleya J. D. Rogers, Y. M. Ju & San Martı´ n ?Ophiomeliola Starb. Xylaria Hill ex Schrank ?Parasteridium Speg. Xylotumulus J. D. Rogers, Y. M. Ju & Hemmes Pauahia F. Stevens Xylariales, genera incertae sedis ?Pleomeliola (Sacc.) Sacc. Adomia S. Schatz Pleomerium Speg. Ascotrichella Valldos. & Guarro* Prataprajella Hosag. Coniocessia D. Garcı´ a, Stchigel, D. Hawksw. & Guarro* Ticomyces Toro Coniolariella D. Garcı´ a, Stchigel & Guarro* Urupe Vie´ gas 5 Coniolaria Seigle-Mur., Guiraud, Steiman & Sage* ?Xenostigme Syd. Diamantinia A. N. Mill., Læssøe & Huhndorf Phyllachorales M. E. Barr Lasiobertia Sivan. Phaeochoraceae K. D. Hyde, P. F. Cannon & M. E. Barr Palmicola K. D. Hyde Cocoicola K. D. Hyde Pulmosphaeria J. E. Taylor, K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Phaeochora Ho¨ hn. Yuea O. E. Erikss. Phaeochoropsis D. Hyde & P. F. Cannon Serenomyces Petr. Sordariomycetes, orders incertae sedis Koralionastetales Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb. & Phyllachoraceae Theiss. & H. Syd. Inderbitzin* Apiosphaeria Ho¨ hn. Koralionastetaceae Kohlm. & Volkm-Kohlm. Brobdingnagia D. Hyde & P. F. Cannon Koralionastes Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Coccodiella Hara Deshpandiella Kamat & Ullasa Lulworthiales Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.-Kohlm. Diachora Mu¨ ll. Arg. Lulworthiaceae Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.-Kohlm. Diatractium Syd. & P. Syd. Haloguignardia A. Cribb & J. Cribb Erikssonia Penz. & Sacc. Kohlmeyeriella E. B. G. Jones, R. G. Johnson & S. T. Fremitomyces P. F. Cannon & H. C. Evans Moss ?Geminispora Pat. Lindra I. Wilson Gibellina Pass. ex Roum. Lulwoana Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Imazekia Tak. Kobay. & Y. Kawabe Spatafora & Gra¨ f. Isothea Fr. Lulwoidea Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb., Lichenochora Hafellner Spatafora & Gra¨ f. Lindauella Rehm Lulworthia G. K. Sutherl. ?Lohwagia Petr. Rostrupiella Jørg. Koch, K. L. Pang & E. B. G. Jones* Maculatifrons K. D. Hyde Spathulosporaceae Kohlm. Malthomyces D. Hyde & P. F. Cannon Spathulospora A. R. Caval. & T. W. Johnson Marinosphaera K. D. Hyde Muelleromyces Kamat & Anahosur Meliolales Ga¨ um. ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. Neoflageoletia J. Reid & C. Booth

38 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Ophiodothella (P. Henn.) Ho¨ hn. Obryzaceae Ko¨ rb. Orphnodactylis Malloch & Mallik Obryzum Wallr. Oxodeora D. Hyde & P. F. Cannon Parberya C. A. Pearce & K. D. Hyde Thyridiaceae O. E. Erikss. & J. Z. Yue ?Petrakiella Syd. Balzania Speg. Phaeochorella Theiss. & Syd. Mattirolia Berl. & Bres. Phycomelaina Kohlm. Thyridium Nitschke Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel Thyronectroidea Seaver Phylleutypa Petr. Sordariomycetes, genera incertae sedis Phyllocrea Ho¨ hn. Abyssomyces Kohlm. Polystigma DC. Acerbiella Sacc. Pseudothiella Petr. Acrospermoides Miller & G. E. Thomps. Pterosporidium W. H. Ho & K. D. Hyde Ameromassaria Hara Rehmiodothis Theiss. & Syd. Amphisphaerellula Gucevic Retroa P. F. Cannon Amphisphaerina Ho¨ hn. Rikatlia P. F. Cannon Amphorulopsis Petr. Schizochora Syd. & P. Syd. Amylis Speg. Sphaerodothella C. A. Pearce & K. D. Hyde Anthostomaria (Sacc.) Theiss. & Syd. Sphaerodothis (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Shear Anthostomellina Kantsh. Stigmochora Theiss. & Syd. Apharia Bonord. Stromaster Ho¨ hn. Apodothina Petr. Telimena Racib. Apogaeumannomyces Matsush. Telimenella Petr. Telimenochora Sivan. Aquadulciospora Fallah & Shearer Trabutia Sacc. & Roum. Aquamarina Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O. E. Erikss. Tribulatia J. E. Taylor, K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Aropsiclus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Uropolystigma Maubl. Ascorhiza Lecht.-Trnka Vitreostroma P. F. Cannon Ascoyunnania L. Cai & K. D. Hyde Zimmermanniella P. Henn. Assoa Urries Aulospora Speg. Trichosphaeriales M. E. Barr Azbukinia Lar. N. Vassiljeva Trichosphaeriaceae G. Winter Bactrosphaeria Penz. & Sacc. Acanthosphaeria Kirschst. Biporispora J. D. Rogers, Y. M. Ju & Candoussau Collematospora Jeng & Cain Bombardiastrum Pat. Coniobrevicolla Re´ blova´ Brenesiella Syd. Cresporhaphis M. B. Aguirre Byrsomyces Cavalc. Cryptadelphia Re´ blova´ & Seifert Byssotheciella Petr. Eriosphaeria Sacc. Caleutypa Petr. Fluviostroma Samuels & E. Mu¨ ll. Calosphaeriopsis Petr. Kananascus Nag Raj Caproniella Berl. Miyoshiella Kawamura Chaetoamphisphaeria Hara Neorehmia Ho¨ hn. Ciliofusospora Bat. & J. L. Bezerra Oplothecium Syd. Clypeoceriospora Camara Rizalia Syd. & P. Syd. Clypeosphaerulina Camara Schweinitziella Speg. Conidiotheca Re´ blova´ & L. Mostert Setocampanula Sivan. & W. H. Hsieh Cryptoascus Petri Trichosphaeria Fuckel Cryptomycina Ho¨ hn. Umbrinosphaeria Re´ blova´ Cryptovalsa Ces. & De Not. ex Fuckel Unisetosphaeria Pinnoi, E. B. G. Jones, McKenzie & K. Cucurbitopsis Bat. & Cif. D. Hyde Curvatispora V. V. Sarma & K. D. Hyde Dasysphaeria Sordariomycetes, families incertae sedis Speg. Delpinoella Sacc. Apiosporaceae K. D. Hyde, J. Fro¨ hlich, J. E. Taylor & M. ¨ E. Barr Diacrochordon Petr. Apiospora Sacc. Dontuzia L. D. Gomez Appendicospora K. D. Hyde. Dryosphaera Jørgen Koch & E. B. G. Jones Endoxylina Romell Catabotrydaceae Petr. ex M. E. Barr Esfandiariomyces Ershad Catabotrys Theiss. & Syd. Frondisphaera K. D. Hyde

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 39 Glabrotheca Chardo´ n Stomatogenella Petr. Heliastrum Petr. Strickeria Ko¨ rb. Hyaloderma Speg. Sungaiicola Fryar & K. D. Hyde Hydronectria Kirschst. Synsphaeria Bon. Hypotrachynicola Etayo Tamsiniella S. W. Wong, K. D. Hyde, W. H. Ho & S. J. Immersisphaeria Jaklitsch* Stanley Iraniella Petr. Tectonidula Re´ blova´ * Khuskia H. J. Huds. Thelidiella Fink ex J. Hedrick Konenia Hara Thyridella (Sacc.) Sacc. Kravtzevia Shvartzman Thyrotheca Kirschst. Kurssanovia Kravtzev Trichospermella Speg. Lecythium Zukal Trichosphaeropsis Bat. & Nasc. Leptosacca Syd. Tunstallia Agnihothr. Leptosphaerella Speg. Vleugelia J. Reid & C. Booth Leptosporina Chardo´ n Zignoina Cooke Lyonella Syd. Mangrovispora K. D. Hyde & Nagakiri Pezizomycotina, orders incertae sedis Melomastia Nitschke ex Sacc. Lahmiales O. E. Erikss. Microcyclephaeria Bat. Lahmiaceae O. E. Erikss. Mirannulata Huhndorf, F. A. Ferna´ ndez, A. N. Mill. & Lahmia Ko¨ rb. Lodge Medeolariales Korf Monosporascus Pollack & Uecker Medeolariaceae Korf Nataniella Re´ blova´ * Medeolaria Thaxt. ?Naumovela Kravtzev ?Neocryptospora Petr. Triblidiales O. E. Erikss. Neolamya Theiss. & Syd. Triblidiaceae Rehm Neothyridaria Petr. Huangshania O. E. Erikss. Ophiomassaria Jacz. Pseudographis Nyl. Ornatispora K. D. Hyde, Goh, J. E. Taylor & J. Fro¨ hl. Triblidium Rebent. Paoayensis Cabanela, Jeewon & K. D. Hyde* Pareutypella Y. M. Ju & J. D. Rogers Pezizomycotina, families incertae sedis Phomatospora Sacc. Lyrommataceae Lu¨ cking* Phyllocelis Syd. Lyromma Bat. Pleocryptospora J. Reid & C. Booth Ascomycota, families incertae sedis Pleosphaeria Speg. Families and genera that cannot be placed in any of Pontogeneia Kohlm. classes and orders accepted in the present classification Porodiscus Lloyd with a high degree of probability are listed below. Protocucurbitaria Naumov Pulvinaria Bon. Amorphothecaceae Parbery Pumilus Viala & Marsais Amorphotheca Parbery Rehmiomycella E. Mu¨ ll. Rhamphosphaeria Kirschst. Aphanopsidaceae Printzen & Rambold Rhizophila K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Aphanopsis Nyl. ex Syd. Rhopographella (P. Henn.) Sacc. & Trotter Aspidotheliaceae Ra¨ senen ex J. C. David & D. Hawksw. Rhynchosphaeria (Sacc.) Berl. Aspidothelium Vain. Rivulicola K. D. Hyde Romellina Petr. Batistiaceae Samuels & K. F. Rodrigues Saccardoe¨lla Speg. Batistia Cif. Sarcopyrenia Nyl. Sartorya Vuill. Coniocybaceae Reichenb. Scharifia Petr. Chaenotheca (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. Scoliocarpon Nyl. Sclerophora Chevall. Scotiosphaeria Sivan. Diporothecaceae R. K. Mibey & D. Hawksw. Servaziella J. Reid & C. Booth Diporotheca C. C. Gordon & C. G. Shaw Sporoctomorpha J. V. Almeida & Sousa da Caˆ mara Stearophora L. Mangin & Viala Eoterfeziaceae G. F. Atk. Stegophorella Petr. Acanthogymnomyces Udagawa & Uchiyama Stellosetifera Matsush. Eoterfezia G. F. Atk.

40 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Epigloeaceae Zahlbr. Antimanoa Syd. Epigloea Zukal Apiotypa Petr. Argentinomyces Pen˜ a & Arambarri Hispidicarpomycetaceae Nakagiri Arthopyreniomyces Cif. & Tomas. Hispidocarpomyces Nakagiri Ascocorticiellum Ju¨ lich & B. de Vries Lautosporaceae Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. &. O. E. Erikss. Ascofascicula Matsush. Lautospora K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Ascomauritania V. M. Ranghoo & K. D. Hyde Ascosorus P. Henn. & Ruhland Mastodiaceae Zahlbr. Ascosubramania Rajendran Mastodia Hook.f. & Harv. Ascoxyta Lib. Turgidosculum Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. Astomella Thirum. Atractobolus Tode Microcaliciaceae Tibell Baculospora Zukal Microcalicium Vain. Batistospora J. L. Bezerra & M. M. P. Herrera Mucomassariaceae Petr. & Cif. Berggrenia Cooke Mucomassaria Petr. Biflua Jørgen Koch & E. B. G. Jones Brucea Rikkinen Phyllobatheliaceae Bitter & F. Schill. Bresadolina Rick Phyllobathelium (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) Mu¨ ll. Arg. Carnia Bat. Phyllocratera Se´ rusiaux & Aptroot Cerastoma Que´ l. Cladosphaera Dumort. Pleurotremataceae W. Watson Clathroporinopsis M. Choisy Daruvedia Dennis Clypeolum Speg. Pleurotrema Mu¨ ll. Arg. Coryneliella Har. & P. Karst. Pseudeurotiaceae Malloch & Cain ?Coscinocladium Kunze Connersia Malloch ?Crinigera I. Schmidt Leuconeurospora Malloch & Cain Cyanopyrenia Harada ?Neelakesa Udaiyan & Hosag. Cylindrotheca Bon. Pleuroascus Massee & E. S. Salmon ?Cystodium Fe´ e Pseudeurotium J. F. H. Beyma Diaboliumbilicus I. Hino & Katum. Diehliomyces Gilkey Saccardiaceae Ho¨ hn. Dipyrgis Clem. Angatia Syd. Discocera A. L. Sm. & Ramsb. Ascolectus Samuels & Rogerson Dryinosphaera Dumort. Cyanodiscus E. Mu¨ ll. & M. L. Farr Eiona Kohlm. Dictyonella Ho¨ hn. ?Elaeomyces Kirchn. Epibelonium E. Mu¨ ll. Endocolium Syd. Johansonia Sacc. ?Enduria Norman Phillipsiella Cooke Erispora Pat. Pseudodiscus Arx & E. Mu¨ ll. Farriolla Norman Rivilata Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O. E. Erikss. Feracia Rolland Saccardia Cooke Frigidospora K. D. Hyde & Goh Schenckiella P. Henn. Gaeumanniella Petr. Vonarxella Bat., J. L. Bezerra & Peres Gallaicolichen Serux. & Lu¨ cking Gonidiomyces Vain. Seuratiaceae Vuill. ex M. E. Barr Gyrophthorus Hafellner & Sancho Seuratia Pat. Haematomyxa Sacc. ?Seuratiopsis Woron. Haplopyrenulomyces Cif. & Tomas. Xanthopyreniaceae Zahlbr. Hapsidascus Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Collemopsidium Nyl. Harmandiana de Lesd. Didymellopsis (Sacc.) Clem. & Shear Helicogonium W. L. White Frigidopyrenia Grube Myriogonium W. L. White Pyrenocollema Reinke Heterocyphelium Vain. Zwackhiomyces Grube & Hafellner Heuflera Bail Hyalodermella Speg. Hyalopyrenula H. Harada Ascomycota, genera incertae sedis Hymenobia Nyl. Abrothallus De Not. Hypnotheca Tommerup Allophoron Na´ dv. Igneocumulus A. W. Ramaley

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 41 Leucoconiella Bat., H. Maia & Peres PART TWO. NOTES ON ASCOMYCETE Leucoconis Theiss. & Syd. SYSTEMATICS. NOS. 4751–5113 Lichenopeziza Zukal Limboria Ach. Introduction ?Lithopythium Bornet & Flahault The series ‘‘Notes on ascomycete systematics’’ was pub- Lohwagiella Petr. lished in Systema Ascomycetum (1986–1998) and in Myconet Ludwigomyces Kirschst. since 1999 as hard copies and since 2006 at its internet home at Marisolaris Jørgen Koch & E. B. G. Jones http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/. Starting with this is- Micromastia Speg. sue, the print version of the outline and notes will appear in Molgosphaera Dumort. Fieldiana every other year. Mycotodea Kirschst. Many papers proposing new ascomycete taxa and ?Myriococcum Fr. concepts have been published since our previous note Myrmaecium Nitschke ex Fuckel compilation (Lumbsch & Huhndorf, 2007). Among those, ?Nemacola A. Massal. a paper by Hibbett et al. (2007) is especially remarkable, Normandina Nyl. with a revised classification of Fungi down to ordinal level. Nyungwea Se´ rus., Eb. Fischer & Killmann This compilation includes references seen by January 2010 Ochrosphaera Sawada and presents 363 notes (numbers after the names corre- Oevstedalia Ertz & Diederich spond to the online publication of the notes) on the Ascomycota ?Phacidiostromella Ho¨ hn. taxonomy and nomenclature of ascomycetes ( ) at the generic and higher levels. The novelties include the Phaeodothiopsis Theiss. & Syd. acceptance of ten new orders, three new subclasses, the new Phellostroma Syd. & P. Syd. class Geoglossomycetes,aswellasnumerousnotesatthe ?Phelonitis Chevall. family and generic level. Papers that increased our Phialisphaera Dumort. knowledge of phylogenetic relationships within orders and Phragmitensis K. M. Wang, Poon & K. D. Hyde major families of ascomycetes include multi-gene studies on Phthora d’He´ relle Arthoniales (Ertz et al., 2009), Clavicipitaceae (Sung et al., Phylloporina C. W. Dodge (non (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) Mu¨ ll. Arg.) 2007), Dothideomycetes (Schoch et al., 2009a), Gnomonia- ?Porosphaera Dumort. ceae (Sogonov et al., 2008), and Hysteriaceae and related Potamomyces K. D. Hyde families (Boehm et al., 2009b). Gueidan et al. (2007) Protocalicium Woron. provided an overview and new classification of Verrucar- Pseudohepatica P. M. Jørg. iaceae. Schoch et al. (2009b) used a six-gene and 42-species Pseudoperitheca Elenkin phylogeny of Ascomycota to study their origin and Psilosphaeria Cooke evolution of reproductive and ecological traits. Pteromycula P. Cannon Pustularia Bon. Notes Pycnodermellina Bat. & H. Maia Retrostium Nakagiri & Tad. Ito Acarosporales Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux (4751) Roeslerina Redhead This order in Acarosporomycetidae was formally described ?Rostafinskia Speg. to accommodate Acarosporaceae (Hibbett et al., 2007). ?Sachsia Lindner Acrospermales Minter, Peredo & A. T. Watson (4852) Scutomyces J. L. Bezerra & Cavalc. This new order was described to accommodate Acrosper- Splanchnospora Lar. N. Vassiljeva maceae in Dothideomycetes (Minter et al., 2007). Stellifraga Alstrup& Olech Stigmatea Fr. Agyriaceae Corda (4752) Stigmatisphaera Dumort. The family was shown to be polyphyletic and restricted to Stigmea Fr. Agyrium (Lumbsch et al., 2007b). Symbiotaphrina Ku¨ hlw. & Jurzitza ex W. Gams & Arx Syphosphaera Dumort. Aigialaceae Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones, Kohlm., Volkm.- Telioclipeum Vie´ gas Kohlm. & C. L. Schoch (5046) Thallisphaera Dumort. This family was described to accommodate three genera, ?Trichoplacia A. Massal. Aigialus, Ascocratera, and Rimora (Suetrong et al., 2009). The Trichosphaera Dumort. family fits in the large Pleosporales s.l. as recovered in a phylogeny derived from five genes, nuclear small subunit Tromeropsis Sherwood (nucSSU), nuclear large subunit (nucLSU) rDNA, tef1, rpb1, Ulvella (Nyl.) Trevis. and rpb2 (Schoch et al., 2009a). Wadeana Coppins & P. James ?Wolkia Ramsb. Ainoa Lumbsch & I. Schmitt (4753) Xenomyxa Syd. This genus clustered in Baeomycetales in several phyloge- Xylobotryum Pat. netic studies and is placed in that order (Wedin et al., 2005; Xylogone Arx & T. Nilsson Lumbsch et al., 2007a,b).

42 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Alisea J. Dupont & E. B. G. Jones (5047) Anisogramma Theiss. & Syd. (4856) This genus was described for a species found on This genus appears to be a sister group to the Gnomoniaceae submerged, deep-sea, woody substrates in the Pacific Ocean on the basis of phylogenetic analyses using nucLSU rDNA (Dupont et al., 2009). It was placed in Halosphaeriaceae on (De Silva et al., 2009). the basis of phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA data. Anteaglonium Mugambi & Huhndorf (5052) This genus was described for species in Glonium and Amarenomyces O. E. Erikss. (5048) Glonium-like species that are found to be phylogenetically This genus was included in a phylogenetic study using five distant from the type species of that genus (Mugambi & genes: nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1,andrpb2 (Zhang Huhndorf, 2009b). It did not group within any known et al., 2009b). It resolved among species of Phaeosphaeria in families, so it is placed in Pleosporales incertae sedis. Phaeosphaeriaceae and thus is treated as a synonym of that genus. Anzina Scheid. (4754) This genus did not cluster with other Trapeliaceae (Wedin et Amazonotrema Kalb & Lu¨cking (5019) al., 2005; Lumbsch et al., 2007a,b) and hence is placed in This new genus was described for a new species collected in Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis. the Amazon region of Brazil. It differs from Thelotrema in having a split between the hymenium and the lateral Aphanotria Do¨bbeler (4755) paraphyses, whereas Thelotrema has a split between the This new genus was described for a muscicolous species with thallus margin and the proper exciple (Kalb, 2009b). This immersed, non-stromatic, unpigmented ascomata with a genus is placed in Graphidaceae. pronounced rostrum, thick-walled asci, and transversally septate ascospores with cyanophilous warts (Do¨bbeler, Ambarignomonia Sogonov (4853) 2007). The genus is placed in Bionectriaceae. This new genus was described in a monograph of leaf- Aquapoterium Raja & Shearer (4857) inhabiting genera in Gnomoniaceae (Sogonov et al., 2008). This new genus was described for a new freshwater fungus Amniculicola Y. Zhang & K. D. Hyde (4854) from Florida (Raja et al., 2008). It is placed in Helotiales but not classified in a family. This new genus in Dothideomycetes was described for a freshwater fungus collected in the Pyrenees (Zhang et al., Arctocetraria Ka¨rnefelt & A. Thell (5020) 2008b). It was tentatively placed in Dothideomycetes incertae The phylogeny of the cetrarioid group in Parmeliaceae was sedis. A subsequent study including two new additional species studied using a five-gene data set using internal transcribed showed that this genus together with other species forms an spacer (ITS), a group I intron, b-tubulin, Glyceraldehyde 3- aquatic clade within Pleosporales (Zhang et al., 2009a). phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and mitochondrial SSU (mtSSU) sequences (Thell et al., 2009), with Arctocetraria Amniculicolaceae Yin. Zhang, C. L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K. supported as monophyletic. D. Hyde (5049) This family was described to accommodate three genera, Arthoniales Henssen ex D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. (4858) including Amniculicola, Murispora, and Neomassariosphaeria A phylogeny of the order using three molecular markers was (Zhang et al., 2009b). The family fits in the large Pleosporales provided by Ertz et al. (2009). Characters traditionally used to s.l. as recovered in a phylogeny derived from five genes: circumscribe genera in the group, such as exciple carbonization nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2 (Zhang et al., and ascomatal structures, were shown to be homoplasious. 2009b). Ascocratera Kohlm. (5053) Amplistroma Huhndorf, A. N. Mill., M. Greif & Samuels (5050) This genus is placed in Aigialaceae on the basis of four-gene This genus was described for seven species that have large phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, stromata, small asci with eight minute, globose ascospores, and rpb2 (Suetrong et al., 2009). and Acrodontium-like anamorphs (Huhndorf et al., 2009). It is placed in the newly described Amplistromataceae. Ascomycota Caval.-Sm. (4756) Hibbett et al. (2007) proposed a comprehensive higher level Amplistromataceae Huhndorf, A. N. Mill., M. Greif & Samuels classification of the kingdom Fungi, including Ascomycota,onthe (5051) basis of recent phylogenetic studies. This classification is followed This family was described to accommodate Amplistroma in the most recent outline of Ascomycota. The authors pointed out and Wallrothiella. Phylogenetic analyses of nucLSU rDNA that Cavalier-Smith is the authority for the name of this phylum. group these taxa in a well-supported clade distinct from A soil clone group I (SCGI) is shown to be common and known orders within Sordariomycetidae but showing unsup- widespread in soil samples from different habitats (Posada ported relationships with Chaetosphaeriales and Magnaportha- et al., 2007) and forms a currently unrecognized subphylum of ceae. The family is placed within Sordariomycetidae incertae Ascomycota. In a phylogeny based on ribosomal DNA sedis (Huhndorf et al., 2009). sequences, SCGI forms a sister group to Saccharomycotina + Pezizomycotina. No data on the biology of these enigmatic Angiactis Aptroot & Sparrius (4855) fungi are available. This new genus of tropical crustose lichens was described in Roccellaceae (Aptroot et al., 2008b). This genus is similar to Ascopolyporus A. Mo¨ller (4757) Lecanographa but differs in having a thalline exciple. See note under Cordycipitaceae (4785).

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 43 Ascorhombispora L. Cai & K. D. Hyde (4859) show that the genus is distinct from morphologically similar This genus is characterized by superficial, dark brown to Lentomitella but groups with the freshwater taxa Aquaticola black perithecia, bitunicate asci, and dark brown, 3-septate and Cataractispora. Barbatosphaeria is placed in Sordariomy- ascospores with a wide septum band. A phylogenetic analysis cetidae incertae sedis. of molecular data showed that the monotypic genus clusters within Pleosporales (Cai & Hyde, 2007). Barnettozyma Kurtzman, Robnett & Basehoar-Powers (4864) This new genus was described in Saccharomycetales incertae Ascotrichella Valldos. & Guarro (4758) sedis on the basis of molecular evidence (Kurtzman et al., 2008). This genus was removed from Coniochaetales and placed in Xylariales by Garcı´a et al. (2006). Barrina A. W. Ramaley (4763) The genus was placed in Coniochaetales by Huhndorf et al. Aspiciliopsis (Mu¨ll. Arg.) M. Choisy (4759) (2004) and confirmed by (Garcı´a et al., 2006). The genus was shown to be distinct from Placopsis (Schmitt et al., 2003; Lumbsch et al., 2007a) and is accepted in this outline. Barriopsis A. J. L. Phillips & Crous (4865) This new genus was described in a study on the phylogeny Astrosphaeriella Syd. & P. Syd. (5054) of Botryosphaeriaceae and its classification (Phillips et al., The genus Astrosphaeriella, represented by the type species 2008). It includes species with brown, aseptate ascospores A. stellata and one additional species, was included in a without apiculi. phylogenetic study using nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA data (Tanaka et al., 2009). Monophyly of the genus was not Basavamyces V. B. Hosag. (4764) supported, and the type species did not resolve within any This new genus in Meliolaceae was described for a new known family in Pleosporales. It is placed in Pleosporales hypophyllous fungus from India (Biju et al., 2005). It lacks incertae sedis. phialides, and the ascospores have two distal septa.

Atla S. Savic´ & Tibell (4860) Bellojisia Re´blova´ (4866) This new genus was described to accommodate four One species of Jobellisia, J. rhynchostoma, was shown to crustose lichen species having perithecia that lack paraphyses be unrelated to the type species of Jobellisia in a phylogenetic but having periphysoids at the ostiolum and large, muriform analysis using nucLSU rDNA sequence data and is placed in the ascospores (Savic´ & Tibell, 2008). The genus is sister to new genus Bellojisia.WhereasJobellisia s.s. is placed in the new Sporodictyon in Verrucariaceae in a phylogenetic analysis family Jobellisiaceae (Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis), Bellojisia using ITS and nucLSU rDNA sequence data. is classified in Lasiosphaeriaceae (Sordariales)(Re´blova´, 2008).

Atradidymella Davey & Currah (4861) Bertiella (Sacc.) Sacc. & P. Syd. (5055) Atradidymella was described for a newly discovered species This genus is placed in Melanommataceae on the basis of that is a pathogen on bryophytes (Davey & Currah, 2009). two gene phylogenetic analyses using nucLSU rDNA and tef1 Molecular data show that it belongs to Pleosporales, but the (Mugambi & Huhndorf, 2009a). family placement remains uncertain. Biflavia Lu¨cking (4867) Atricordyceps Samuels (4760) This monotypic genus agrees with Barubria in conidial This genus is synonymized with Podocrella (Chaverri et al., shape, but differs in apothecial morphology and anatomy 2005). (Lu¨cking, 2008). It is placed in Pilocarpaceae.

Atronectria Etayo (4862) Boreoplaca Timdal (4765) The new monotypic genus was described for a lichenicolous Bylin et al. (2007) showed that this genus should be placed fungus growing on Nephroma and Pseudocyphellaria spp. in in Ophioparmaceae. Tierra del Fuego (Etayo & Sancho, 2008). The genus is similar to Pronectria but differs in the peridium structure and Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. (4868) pigmentation. It is placed in the family Niessliaceae. The phylogeny of this family is studied and Dothidotthia excluded as a separate family (see note 4891) (Phillips et al., Babjevia van der Walt & M. Th. Smith (4761) 2008). The genera Neodeightonia, Phaeobotryon, and Phaeo- See note under Lipomycetaceae (4805). botryosphaeria are resurrected, whereas the new genera Barriopsis and Spencermartinsia are described. Baeomycetales Lumbsch, Huhndorf & Lutzoni (4762) This new order was described to accommodate Baeomyceta- Brasilicia Lu¨cking, Kalb & Serus. (4869) ceae (Hibbett et al., 2007). This family was previously placed in This new genus was described to accommodate the former Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis. Its independent status is shown Bacidia brasiliensis and five additional species (although not by Miadlikowska et al. (2006) and Lumbsch et al. (2007a). listed or combined into the genus), which are distinguished from Bacidia by their ascus type, and differ from Fellhanera by Barbatosphaeria Re´blova´ (4863) having persistent apothecial margins, unbranched paraphyses This genus was described for a perithecial ascomycete and narrow ascospores (Lu¨cking, 2008). occurring under the periderm of decayed wood of deciduous trees (Re´blova´, 2007). It produces non-stromatic perithecia Bricookea M. E. Barr (4766) with hyaline, 1-septate ascospores formed in unitunicate, non- Eriksson (2007) suggested that this genus be included in amyloid asci. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data Lophiostoma.

44 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Brunneosphaerella Crous (5056) cetes. The ordinal placement could not be resolved and it is This genus was described for Leptosphaeria-like species that regarded as Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. have bitunicate asci without pseudoparaphyses, brown, 3- septate ascospores, and a Coniothyrium-like anamorph (Crous Celotheliaceae Lu¨cking, Aptroot & Sipman (4871) et al., 2009). It is placed in Mycosphaerellaceae on the basis of This new family was described to accommodate the genus two gene phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU and nucLSU Celothelium (Aptroot et al., 2008a) that differs from its sister rDNA (Crous et al., 2009). group Pyrenulaceae (Del Prado et al., 2006) in their ascospore types and interascal filaments, i.e., anastomosing in Celothe- Byssochlamys Westling (4870) liaceae compared with unbranched to sparsely branched in The genus is revised and its phylogeny studied by Samson et Pyrenulaceae. The family is placed in Pyrenulales. al. (2009). Ceratosphaerella Huhndorf, M. Greif, Mugambi & A. N. Mill. (4872) Byssothecium Fuckel (5057) This new genus was described to accommodate the former This genus is questionably placed in Massarinaceae on the Ceratosphaeria castillensis and one additional species that form basis of an unverified strain of the type species used in a distinctive rhizomorphic subiculum with a synnematous phylogenetic analyses (Zhang et al., 2009b). Didymobotryum-like anamorph at the ends of the blackish threads. The genus is similar to Ophioceras but distinguished by Calosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. (5021) ascomata with a basal stroma and shorter, fusiform ascospores. This genus is shown to be polyphyletic using nucLSU rDNA It is placed in Magnaporthaceae on the basis of nucLSU and sequence data, and species in one distinct clade are segregated as nucSSU rDNA data (Huhndorf et al., 2008). the new genus Tectonidula (Re´blova´ & Stepa´nek, 2009). Ceratostomella Sacc. (5022) Calosphaeriales M. E. Barr (4767) This genus was shown to be polyphyletic using nucLSU This order was previously placed in Sordariomycetes incertae rDNA sequence data. One distinct species and a cluster of sedis but placed by Hibbett et al. (2007) in Sordariomycetidae on closely related taxa are segregated in the new genus Nataniella the basis of the work of Re´blova´ et al. (2004). (Re´blova´ & Stepa´nek, 2009). Camanchaca Follm. & Peine (4768) Cesariella W. Rossi & Santam. (4873) Tehler and Irestedt (2007) synonymized this genus under A new genus was described for a new species parasitic on a Pentagenella on the basis of their phylogenetic study. ground beetle in Greece (Rossi & Santamaria, 2008). The Camaropella Lar. N. Vassiljeva (5058) genus is placed in Laboulbeniales. This genus was described for a species of Camarops with immersed ascomata (Vassilyeva, 1997). Phylogenetic analyses Cetraria Ach. (5023) confirm its placement in Boliniaceae (Huhndorf & Miller, 2008). The phylogeny of the cetrarioid group in Parmeliaceae was studied using a five-gene data set (Thell et al., 2009). The Candelaria A. Massal. (4769) genera Arctocetraria, Cetreliopsis, Kaernefeltia, and Tucker- See note under Candelariaceae (4771). manella were monophyletic, whereas Cetraria, Flavocetraria, and Tuckermannopsis were polyphyletic. The phylogeny Candelariaceae Hakul. (4771) lacked strong support in certain nodes. In a phylogenetic study based on ITS sequence data, the genus Candelaria was found to be polyphyletic and Candelar- Cetreliopsis Kurok. (5024) iella was found to be paraphyletic, including Candelina and This genus was supported as monophyletic in a phylogeny Placomaronea. However, the relationships remained largely of the cetrarioid group in Parmeliaceae using a five-gene data unresolved (Westberg et al., 2007). set (Thell et al., 2009).

Candelariales Miadl., Lutzoni & Lumbsch (4770) Chaetomidium (Zopf) Sacc. (4874) This new order was described by Miadlikowska, Lutzoni, This genus was re-evaluated on the basis of LSU, beta- and Lumbsch (Hibbett et al., 2007) to accommodate tubulin, and rpb2 sequence data and found to be polyphyletic. Candelariaceae. Several studies demonstrated that this order Chaetomidium is restricted to two species and is maintained is distinct from Lecanorales (Wedin et al., 2005; Miadlikowska within Chaetomiaceae, whereas the remaining species are et al., 2006; Hofstetter et al., 2007; Lumbsch et al., 2007a). It is scattered throughout Sordariales (Greif et al., 2009). placed in Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis. Chaetothiersia B. A. Perry & Pfister (4775) Candelariella Mu¨ll. Arg. (4772) Molecular and morphological evidence shows that a new See note under Candelariaceae (4771). apothecial fungus from the Sierra Nevadas in California with stiff, superficial, brown excipular hairs, eguttulate ascospores, Candelina Poelt (4773) and a thin ectal exciple requires placement in a separate genus See note under Candelariaceae (4771). within Pyronemataceae (Perry & Pfister, 2008).

Catinella Boud. (4774) Chaetothyriomyces Pereira-Carvalho, Inacio & Dianese (4875) Greif et al. (2007) presented evidence from ascomal This new genus in Chaetothyriaceae was described for a new ontogeny and nuclear ribosomal DNA data that this genus, species with multi-spored asci and 2-celled ascospores previously placed in Dermateaceae, belongs in Dothideomy- (Pereira-Carvalho et al., 2009).

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 45 Chaetothyriomycetidae Doweld (4776) Cordyceps (Fr.) Link (4784) Hibbett et al. (2007) showed that the authority for this See note under Cordycipitaceae (4785). subclass name is Doweld. Cordycipitaceae Kreisel ex G. M. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones Chimaeroscypha Raitv. (4876) & Spatafora (4785) This genus in Hyaloscyphaceae was described for a species This family was validated for clade C of former Clavicipi- with spines on glassy hairs (Raitviir, 2004). taceae (Sung et al., 2007) in Hypocreales. It includes the genera Ascopolyporus, Cordyceps s.s., Hyperdermium, and Chlorostroma A. N. Mill., Lar. N. Vassiljeva & J. D. Rogers (4777) Torrubiella. This new genus based on Chlorostroma subcubisporum is in Xylariaceae on the basis of morphological and molecular data Coronophora Fuckel (5059) (Miller et al., 2007). The new genus is characterized by a green This genus is accepted in Coronophoraceae on the basis of stoma bearing perithecia, asci with a non-amyloid apex, and tef1 and rpb2 phylogenetic analyses (Mugambi & Huhndorf subcubical brown ascospores with a prominent germination slit. 2010).

Chorioactidaceae Pfister (4877) Coronophoraceae Ho¨hn. (5060) Pfister et al. (2008) provide molecular and morphological This family is accepted in Coronophorales for the genus evidence for the distinction of this new family, in which they place Coronophora on the basis of tef1 and rpb2 phylogenetic four genera: Chorioactis, Desmazierella, Neournula, and Wolfina. analyses (Mugambi & Huhndorf 2010).

Chorioactis Kupfer ex Eckblad (4878) Coronophorella Ho¨hn. (5061) This genus is now placed in Chorioactidaceae (Pfister et al., This genus was accepted in Scortechiniaceae on the basis of 2008). nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 phylogenetic analyses (Mu- gambi & Huhndorf 2010). Conidiotheca Re´blova´ & L. Mostert (4778) This new genus was described for a single polysporous Corylomyces Stchigel, Calduch & Guarro (4786) pyrenomycete formerly in Calosphaeriales (Re´blova´ & Mos- This new genus was described for a fungus isolated from tert, 2007). It is placed in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis on the hazelnuts (Stchigel et al., 2006). It is characterized by basis of a lack of molecular data and indistinctive morpho- tomentose, ostiolate ascomata with long necks composed of logical characteristics. hairs, and 1–2-celled, opaque, lunate to reniform ascospores. It is placed in Sordariales incertae sedis. Coniocessia D. Garcıá, Stchigel, D. Hawksw. & Guarro (4779) This new genus in Xylariales was described with Coniocessia Cryptodiaporthe Petr. (4880) nodulisporioides as type species (Garcıá et al., 2006). The The genus Cryptodiaporthe was reduced to synonymy with placement is based on nucLSU rDNA sequence data and the Plagiostoma (Sogonov et al. 2008). presence of a Nodulosporium-like anamorph. Cryptosphaerella Sacc. (5062) Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke (4780) This genus was accepted in Scortechiniaceae on the basis of The circumscription of the genus was studied by Garcıá et al. nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 phylogenetic analyses (Mu- (2006) using nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA sequences. The authors showed that the genera Coniochaetidium, Ephemeroascus, and gambi & Huhndorf 2010). Poroconiochaeta are nested within the genus and, consequently, Cryptosporella Sacc. (4881) these three genera were reduced to synonymy with Coniochaeta. Placement of this genus in Gnomoniaceae was supported, Coniolaria Seigle-Mur., Guiraud, Steiman & Sage nom. inval. (4781) and the generic concept was enlarged to include Ophiovalsa For this invalid generic name, the name Coniolariella is (Mejia et al., 2008). introduced (Garcıá et al., 2006). Cryptovalsaria Lar. N. Vassiljeva & S. L. Stephenson (4787, 4882) Coniolariella D. Garcıá, Stchigel & Guarro (4782) This new genus was described for two species occurring on This new genus in Xylariales was described with Coniolar- bark of alders in eastern Russia and North America iella gamsii as type species (Garcıá et al., 2006). The placement (Vassilyeva & Stephenson, 2007). The genus is a synonym of is based on anamorphic and nucLSU rDNA sequence data. Dothivalsaria in Massariaceae (Jaklitsch in litt., 2008). The genus replaces the invalidly published Coniolaria. Cyanonectria Samuels & Chaverri (4883) Coniochaetidium Malloch & Cain (4783) Nectria cyanostoma is shown to be distinct from Nectria Garcıá et al. (2006) placed this genus into synonymy with using morphological and molecular evidence and a new genus Coniochaeta. was described to accommodate this taxon (Samuels et al., 2009) that is classified in Nectriaceae. Conoideocrella D. Johnson, G. H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (4879) Cystocoleus Thwaites (4884) This new genus was described for a clade of species Molecular data suggest that this sterile, microfilamentose previously included in Torrubiella but clustering within lichen genus is close to Mycosphaerellaceae in Dothideomy- Clavicipitaceae (Johnson et al., 2009). The species share cetes (Muggia et al., 2008), and it is placed in Dothideomy- elongated, conical-shaped perithecia and planar stromata. cetes incertae sedis.

46 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Desmazierella Lib. (4885) Entodesmium Reiss (5065) This genus was placed in Chorioactidaceae (Pfister et al., On the basis of phylogenetic data from five genes, this genus 2008). is accepted in Phaeosphaeriaceae (Zhang et al., 2009b).

Diaphorographis A. W. Archer & Kalb (4886) Ephemeroascus Emden (4789) This genus was established to accommodate two graphida- Garcı´a et al. (2006) placed this genus into synonymy with lean taxa occurring in New Caledonia and tropical Australia. Coniochaeta. The genus is characterized by conspicuous ascomata, which are covered by a thalline margin, lack of lateral paraphyses, a Eremodothis Arx (5066) carbonized exciple, and hyaline, non-amyloid ascospores This genus resolved among species of Westerdykella in (Kalb, 2009b). Sporormiaceae and thus is treated as a synonym of that genus (Kruys & Wedin, 2009). Diatrypoidiella Manohar., Kunwar & D. K. Agarwal (4887) This genus was described to accommodate two graphidalean Eucasphaeria Crous (4790) taxa occurring in India. The genus is placed in Diaporthales and A new species on Eucalyptus from the Cape region was placed Hypocreales incertae is characterized by having perithecia immersed in a stroma of in this new genus (Crous et al., 2007b) in sedis. It lacks a clypeus and has unitunicate asci with an apical fungal and host tissue and polysporous asci with allantoid discharge mechanism and Ascochyta-like anamorphs. ascospores (Manoharachary et al., 2005). Eungeniella Lu¨cking, Serus. & Kalb (4894) Didymella Sacc. ex D. Sacc. (4888) This genus was established for several species previously This genus was placed in a new family Didymellaceae (De included in Bacidia and Byssoloma (Lu¨cking, 2008). The genus Gruyter et al., 2009). is held together by apothecial morphology and anatomy.

Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley (4889, 5063) Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni (4791) This new family was described to accommodate the genera Geiser and Lutzoni (Hibbett et al., 2007) formally described Didymella and Leptosphaerulina (De Gruyter et al., 2009). The this subclass to accommodate the orders Coryneliales, family received high bootstrap support in five-gene phyloge- Eurotiales, and Onygenales. netic analyses using nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2. The generic types of Didymella, Leptosphaerulina, Falciformispora K. D. Hyde (5067) Macroventuria, Monascostroma, and Platychora were included This genus belongs in the undescribed Trematosphaeriaceae (Zhang et al., 2009b). It is placed in Pleosporales. on the basis of four-gene phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 (Suetrong et al., 2009). The Dissoconiaceae Crous & de Hoog (5064) genus is placed in Pleosporales incertae sedis until the family is This family was described for taxa with Mycosphaerella-like described. teleomorphs and Dissoconium anamorphs and is placed in Capnodiales on the basis of two-gene phylogenetic analyses Farlowiella Sacc. (4895) using nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA (Crous et al., 2009). In a phylogenetic study of Mytilinidiaceae and Hysteriaceae, evidence was provided that Farlowiella is not part of either of Dothideomyceta (4890) the two families (Boehm et al., 2009b). Consequently, it is This rankless taxon was proposed as a name for the clade listed under Pleosporomycetidae incertae sedis. that includes the classes Arthoniomycetes and Dothideomycetes (Schoch et al., 2009b). It is not shown in the Outline. Flakea O. E. Erikss. (4896) This genus was previously listed under Ascomycota with Dothidotthiaceae Crous & A. J. L. Phillips (4891) uncertain relationships. Recent ribosomal DNA sequence data This new family was described to accommodate the genus shows this genus to belong to Verrucariaceae and to be a genus Dothidotthia that was previously classified in Botryosphaer- distinct from Agonimia (Muggia et al., 2009), with which iaceae (Phillips et al., 2008). However, molecular data show Flakea was previously synonymized (Aptroot et al., 1997). that it does not belong there, but is a distinct clade in Pleosporales. Flavocetraria Ka¨rnefelt & A. Thell (5025) Flavocetraria was polyphyletic in a five-gene phylogeny of Ectendomeliola Hosag. & D. K. Agarwal (4892) the cetrarioid lichens (Thell et al., 2009). This new genus in Meliolaceae was described for a new Indian species (Hosagoudar & Agarwal, 2006). Flavocetrariella D. D. Awasthi (4792) This new genus in Parmeliaceae was described to accommo- Elaphocordyceps G. H. Sung & Spatafora (4788) date two Asian Cetraria species (Awasthi, 2007), which differ in This new genus was described in Sung et al. (2007) in morphological details from that genus and Flavocetraria. Ophiocordycipitaceae to accommodate former species of Cordyceps that parasitize Elaphomyces species. Fuscideaceae Hafellner (4793) Bylin et al. (2007) confirmed that the family does not belong Endocena Cromb. (4893) to Teloschistales. In their mtSSU rDNA analysis, the family This genus has been overlooked in previous editions of the clusters with Ophioparmaceae and Umbilicariaceae, but this outline; it is included in Icmadophilaceae (Stenroos et al., lacks support. Ropalospora did not cluster with the remaining 2002). Fuscideaceae; see note under Ropalosporaceae (4835).

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 47 Gaillardiella Pat. (5068) alignment, and no alignment-based analysis was done to This genus was accepted in Bertiaceae on the basis of corroborate these results. Given the insufficient sampling of nucLSU rDNA and tef1 phylogenetic analyses (Mugambi & this study, the possibility of errors due to the analysis Huhndorf 2010). performed, the stark contrast to previously published phylogenetic studies, and the absence of morphological evidence, we Gemmina Raitv. (4897) here place Gowardia as a synonym of Alectoria and propose This genus in Hyaloscyphaceae was described for a species the following new combination to accommodate Gowardia previously known as Helotium gemmarum (Raitviir, 2004). arctica: Alectoria gowardii Lumbsch, nom. nov.—Mycobank no. MB 515510; Bas.: Gowardia arctica P. Halonen, L. Myllys, Geoglossales Zheng Wang, C. L. Schoch & Spatafora (4898) S. Velmala & H. Hyva¨rinen, Bryologist, 112: 143 (2009) [non This new order was described to accommodate Geoglossa- Alectoria arctica Elenkin & Savicz, Acta Horti Petropolit, 32: ceae s.s. (Geoglossum, Trichoglossum) and the genus Sarcoleo- 73 (1912)]. tia that is currently placed in Rutstroemiaceae (Schoch et al., 2009c). Other genera currently placed in Geoglossaceae are Graphidaceae Dumort. (4905) probably not related and are listed under Leotiomycetes Phylogenetic studies using extensive taxon sampling (Man- incertae sedis. gold et al., 2008b) confirmed previous studies (Grube et al., 2004; Frisch et al., 2006; Miadlikowska et al., 2006; Staiger et Geoglossomycetes Zheng Wang, C. L. Schoch & Spatafora (4899) al., 2006) showing that taxa previously classified in Thelo- This new class was described to accommodate Geoglossales tremataceae do not form a separate lineage but are nested (Schoch et al., 2009c). within Graphidaceae. Consequently, Thelotremataceae is Glaziellaceae J. L. Gibson (4794) placed into synonymy with Graphidaceae. Furthermore, The position of the family within Pezizales is uncertain Mangold et al. (2008b) showed that the generic concept in (Hansen & Pfister, 2006). thelotremoid species needs revision, in that most of the genera were shown to be non-monophyletic. Gloniaceae (Corda) E. W. A. Boehm, C. L. Schoch & Spatafora (4900) Graphis Adans. (5026) The genus Glonium was found to be outside of Hysteriaceae The morphological diversity of the genus Graphis and a and was therefore placed in a new family Gloniaceae (Boehm phylogeny based on phenotype characters was provided by et al., 2009b). Lu¨cking (2009).

Glonium Mu¨hl. (4901) Gyalectales Henssen & Jahns ex & D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. (4795) In a phylogenetic study on Hysteriaceae and Mytilinidiaceae Hibbett et al. (2007) placed this order into synonymy with (Boehm et al., 2009b), the genus was found to be outside of Ostropales. Hysteriaceae and was therefore placed in a new family Gloniaceae (see note 4900). Halomassarina Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones, Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & C. L. Schoch (5069) Gnomoniaceae G. Winter (4902) This genus was described for Massarina thalassiae, found on The phylogeny of leaf-inhabiting genera in this family is wood in marine habitats (Suetrong et al., 2009). It was placed studied using three genes, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2, and in the undescribed Trematosphaeriaceae on the basis of four- the taxa are revised on the basis of a new circumscription of gene phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, genera (Sogonov et al., 2008). Six genera are accepted in tef1, and rpb2 (Suetrong et al., 2009). The genus is placed in revised circumscriptions: the type genus Gnomonia, and Pleosporales incertae sedis until the family is described. Apiognomonia, Ophiognomonia, Plagiostoma, and Gnomoniop- sis, which is resurrected. Furthermore, the new genus Ambarignomonia was described. The genus Cryptodiaporthe Halosphaeriales Kohlm. (4796) was reduced to synonymy with Plagiostoma, and Linospora Hibbett et al. (2007) placed this order into synonymy with with Pleuroceras. Anisogramma was excluded from Gnomo- Microascales. niaceae (De Silva et al., 2009), and Lambro, Stegophora, and Hanliniomyces Raja & Shearer (4906) Uleoporthe were placed tentatively in Sydowiellaceae. This new freshwater genus was described on the basis of Gnomoniopsis Berl. (4903) morphological evidence (Raja & Shearer, 2008). The new Gnomoniopsis was resurrected and accepted as one of six genus is placed in Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis. leaf-inhabiting genera in Gnomoniaceae (Sogonov et al., 2008). Havispora K. L. Pang & Vrijmoed (4907) Gowardia P. Halonen, L. Myllys, S. Velmala & H. Hyva¨rinen A new arctic marine fungus was described from Norway (4904) and placed into its own genus on the basis of morphological This genus was described for Alectoria nigricans and a newly evidence (Pang et al., 2008). The new genus is placed in described closely related taxon (Halonen et al., 2009). Halosphaeriaceae. Surprisingly, Pseudevernia furfuracea, which clustered among hypogymnioid taxa in other phylogenetic studies (Miadli- Helicascus Kohlm. (5070) kowska et al., 2006; Crespo et al., 2007), grouped with This genus finds its placement in Morosphaeriaceae on the Gowardia and forms a sister group relationship to Alectoria basis of four-gene phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU, s.s.. The study was based on a POY analysis without nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 (Suetrong et al., 2009).

48 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Hemithecium Trevis. (4908) Immersisphaeria Jaklitsch (4798) The subgenus Leucogramma Staiger had previously been This new genus was proposed for Hypocrea eichleriana on the shown to be unrelated to the nominal subgenus (Staiger et al., basis of immersed perithecia, hyaline peridium, asci lacking a 2006) and is consequently segregated as a new genus distinct apical apparatus, and brown single-celled ascospores Pallidogramme (Lu¨cking et al., 2008). (Jaklitsch, 2007). It is placed in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis.

Herpothallon Tobler (4909) Ischwaramyces V. B. Hosagoudar (4914) Long regarded as a synonym of Cryptothecia, this genus is This genus in Asterinaceae was described from leaves in reinstated for species with a loosely attached thallus and a India and is said to differ from Asterina in appressorium byssoid hypothallus (Aptroot et al., 2009) and is tentatively structure (Hosagoudar et al., 2004). accepted in Arthoniaceae. Issatchenkia Kudrjanzev (4915) Herpotrichia Fuckel (5071) The genus was placed into synonymy with Pichia (Kurtz- This genus is placed in Melanommataceae on the basis of man et al., 2008). two-gene phylogenetic analyses using nucLSU rDNA and tef1 (Mugambi & Huhndorf, 2009a). Jackelixia S. Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Ka¨rnefelt & A. Thell (5027) Hydropunctaria Keller, Gueidan & Thu¨s (4910) This genus was regarded as a synonym of Xanthoria This new genus is accepted in Verrucariaceae for an aquatic (Fedorenko et al., 2009). and amphibious clade of species previously included in the highly polyphyletic genus Verrucaria (Gueidan et al., 2009). Jobellisiaceae Re´blova´ (4916) This new family was described to accommodate the genus Hyperdermium J. White, R. Sullivan, G. Bills & N. Hywel-Jones (4797) Jobellisia in Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis (Re´blova´, 2008). See note under Cordycipitaceae (4785). Joergensenia Passo, Stenroos & Calvelo (4917) This new genus was described to accommodate a species Hypocrella Sacc. (4911) formerly known as Psoroma cephalodinum (Passo et al., 2008). The phylogeny and circumscription of this and allied genera Using molecular data, the authors show that this species does have been studied, and the genus is restricted to taxa with non- not belong in Pannariaceae but is closer to Collemataceae. The disarticulating ascospores and an Aschersonia s.s. anamorph genus is placed in Lecanorales incertae sedis. with fusoid conidia (Chaverri et al., 2008). Kaernefeltia Thell & Goward (5028) Hypsostromataceae Huhndorf (5072) A five-gene phylogeny of the cetrarioid group in Parmeliaceae This family is placed in Pleosporales on the basis of two- showed that Kaernefeltia is monophyletic (Thell et al., 2009). gene phylogenetic analyses using nucLSU rDNA and tef1 (Mugambi & Huhndorf, 2009a). Kalbographa Lu¨cking (4799) This new genus was described in Graphidaceae to accom- Hysteriaceae Chevall. (4912) modate Graphina caracasana and two new species (Lu¨cking, The phylogeny of this family and Mytilinidiaceae was studied 2007). The genus is characterized by dark-brown, thin-walled using a four-gene data set (Boehm et al., 2009b). The two ascospores, non-inspersed hymenium, thin exciple, exposed, families are shown to be unrelated. Several genera in the family wide discs, and a shiny thallus. were shown to be polyphyletic; hence, several new combinations were proposed. Glonium was shown to be outside of Hysteria- Kalmusia Neissl (5075) ceae and was placed in a new family Gloniaceae (see note 4900). This genus is questionably placed in Montagnulaceae (Zhang et al., 2009b). Hysterobrevium E. W. A. Boehm & C. L. Schoch (5073) Katumotoa Kaz. Tanaka & Y. Harada (5076) This genus was described for two species, formerly in On the basis of phylogenetic data from five genes, nucSSU, Gloniopsis and Hysterographium, that were found to be nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2, Katumotoa was accepted phylogenetically distant from the type species of those genera in Lentitheciaceae (Zhang et al., 2009b). (Boehm et al., 2009a). It was placed in Hysteriaceae. Kawasakia Y. Yamada & Nogawa (4800) Hysterographium Corda (5074) See note under Lipomycetaceae. In a phylogenetic study of Hysteriaceae and Mytilinidiaceae, evidence was provided that Hysterographium is not part of Keissleriella Ho¨hn. (5077) either of the two families (Boehm et al., 2009b). Consequently, On the basis of phylogenetic data from five genes, nucSSU, it is listed under Pleosporomycetidae incertae sedis. nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2, Keissleriella was accepted in Lentitheciaceae (Zhang et al., 2009b). Imaia Trappe & Kovacs (4913) This new truffle genus was described for a species having a Komagataella Y. Yamada, M. Matsuda, K. Maeda & Mikata disjunct eastern North American–East Asian type of distri- (4918) bution (Kovacs et al., 2008). Molecular data showed that it is A phylogenetic study showed that this genus belongs in not closely related to Terfezia, to which it has previously been Pichiaceae rather than Saccharomycetaceae (Kurtzman et al., placed, but belongs to Morchellaceae. 2008).

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 49 Koralionastetales Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., J. Campb. & Inderbit- Leptosphaeriaceae M. E. Barr (5080) zin (4919) This family is accepted for Leptosphaeria and Neophaeo- This new order was described for the marine family sphaeria on the basis of five-gene phylogenetic analyses using Koralionastetaceae, which is sister to Lulworthiales (Campbell nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2 (Zhang et al., et al., 2009). The order differs from Lulworthiales in 2009b). The family received weak statistical support, but the ascospores and hamathecial centrum (Campbell et al., 2009). group was distinctly separate from Phaeosphaeriaceae.

Kurtzmaniella M. A. Lachance & W. T. Starmer (4801) Leptosphaerulina McAlpine (4926) Lachance and Starmer (2008) described this new genus from This genus is placed in a new family Didymellaceae (De nitidulid beetles found in cactus flowers in Arizona (USA). It Gruyter et al., 2009). is tentatively placed in Saccharomycetaceae. Letendraea Sacc. (5081) Lachnaceae (Nannf.) Raitv. (4920) This genus is questionably placed in Montagnulaceae This family was described for the tribe Lachneae Nannf. and (Zhang et al., 2009b). includes the genera Lachnaster, Lachnum, Solenopezia, and Trichopeziza (Raitviir, 2004). Leucodiaporthe M. E. Barr & Lar. N. Vassiljeva (4804) This new genus was described to accommodate Cryphonec- Lachnaster Ho¨hn. (4921) tria maackii and three new species in Diaporthaceae (Vassi- This genus is now classified in Lachnaceae (Raitviir, 2004). lyeva et al., 2007). It is characterized by a light- to brightly colored stromatic disk with blackened marginal zones and Lachnum Retz. (4922) hyaline, non-appendaged ascospores. This genus is now classified in Lachnaceae (Raitviir, 2004). Lindgomyces K. Hiray., Kaz. Tanaka & Shearer (5082) Lambro Racib. (4923) This genus was described for a lineage of Massarina The genus is placed in Sydowiellaceae (Sogonov et al., 2008). ingoldiana, which includes four species found on wood in freshwater habitats (Hirayama et al., 2010). It is placed in the Lecania A. Massal. (4802) newly described Lindgomycetaceae. The phylogeny of the genus was studied using mtSSU, ITS, and rpb2 sequence data (Reese Naesborg et al., 2007). The Lindgomycetaceae K. Hiray., Kaz. Tanaka & Shearer (5083) This family was described for Lindgomyces and a sister separation of Thamnolecania is supported, and Lecania is taxon, Massariosphaeria typhicola (Hirayama et al., 2010). The shown to be polyphyletic. family belongs in the large Pleosporales s.l. as recovered in a Lecanoromycetidae P. M. Kirk, P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & phylogeny derived from multiple genes (Shearer et al., 2009; Hirayama et al., 2010). Stalpers ex Miadl., Lutzoni & Lumbsch (4803) Miadlikowska, Lutzoni and Lumbsch (in Hibbett et al., Lindnera Kurtzman, Robnett & Basehoar-Powers (4927) 2007), validly published this subclass. It includes Lecanorales, This new genus was described in Saccharomycetales incertae Peltigerales Teloschistales , and . sedis on the basis of molecular evidence (Kurtzman et al., 2008), but included the type of the older generic name Leimonis R. C. Harris (4924) Williopsis, which is accepted as the correct name for the This new genus was described for a species previously species in Lindnera. known as Micarea erratica (Harris, 2009). Molecular data have shown that the taxon is unrelated to Micarea s.s. Linospora Fuckel (4928) (Andersen & Ekman, 2004, 2005). Linospora was reduced to synomymy with Pleuroceras (Sogonov et al., 2008). Lentitheciaceae Yin. Zhang, C. L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K. D. Hyde (5078) Lipomycetaceae E. K. Nova´k & Zsolt. (4805) This family was described to accommodate three genera, Monophyly of this family was supported in a multi-gene Katumotoa, Keissleriella, and Lentithecium (Zhang et al., phylogenetic study (Kurtzman et al., 2007). The previously 2009b). The family fits in Pleosporales s.l. in a phylogeny separated genera Kawaskia, Smithiozyma, Waltomyces, and derived from five genes, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1, Zygozyma were shown to be nested within Lipomyces and and rpb2 (Zhang et al., 2009b). consequently reduced to synonymy. Babjevia is shown to be part of Dipodascopsis and thus reduced to synonymy. Lentithecium K. D. Hyde, J. Fourn. & Yin. Zhang (5079) This genus was described for four lignicolous, Massarina- Lucidascocarpa A. Ferrer, Raja & Shearer (4929) like species that have lenticular ascomata, clavate asci, and This new genus was described for a new freshwater species hyaline 1-septate ascospores (Zhang et al., 2009c). It is placed from the Neotropics (Ferrer et al., 2008). On the basis of in the newly described Lentitheciaceae (Zhang et al., 2009b). morphological evidence, the genus is placed in Dothideaceae.

Leotiomyceta (4925) Lyrommataceae Lu¨cking (4930) This rankless taxon was proposed as a name for the clade This new family was described to accommodate the genus that includes all inoperculate Pezizomycotina, i.e., Pezizomy- Lyromma, which includes lichen-forming, foliicolous species cotina excl. Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes (Schoch et al., with setose, sessile perithecia (Lu¨cking, 2008). The new family 2009b). It is not shown in the Outline. is placed in Pezizomycotina incertae sedis.

50 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Macrographa Etayo (4931) the basis of two-gene phylogenetic analyses using nucLSU This new monotypic genus was described for a lichenicolous rDNA and tef1 (Mugambi & Huhndorf, 2009a). fungus growing on Nephroma antarcticum in Tierra del Fuego (Etayo & Sancho, 2008). The genus is similar to Hemigrapha Moelleriella Bres. (4933) but differs in the ascoma structure. It is placed in the family The phylogeny of this and allied genera has been studied, Microthyriaceae. and the genus was circumscribed to include taxa with filiform, disarticulating ascospores and an Aschersonia-like anamorph Magnaporthales Thongk., Vijakr. & K. D. Hyde (4932) with fusoid conidia (Chaverri et al., 2008). This new order was described to accommodate Magna- porthaceae (Thongkantha et al., 2009) that was previously Monoblastiopsis R. C. Harris & C. A. Morse (4934) listed under Sordariomycetes incertae sedis. This new genus was described for two new species of pyrenocarpous lichens discovered in eastern North America. The Manglicola Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. (5084) genus is similar to Monoblastia but differs in having broadly This genus was moved to Jahnulales on the basis of nucSSU cylindrical to clavate asci, biseriate ascospores, periphysoids and nucLSU rDNA phylogenetic analyses (Suetrong et al., 2010). lining the ostiolum, and a chlorococcoid photobiont (Harris & Morse, 2008). It is placed in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. Massariosphaeria (E. Mu¨ll.) Crivelli (4806) This genus is shown to be polyphyletic (Wang et al., 2006). Montagnulaceae M. E. Barr (5087) This family received high bootstrap support in five-gene Megalohypha A. Ferrer & Shearer (4807) phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, This new genus was described in Jahnulales (Ferrer et al., rpb1, and rpb2, and included were the generic types of Bimuria, 2007) for a tropical, aquatic fungus on the basis of the Didymocrea, Karstenula, and Paraphaeosphaeria, as well as presence of both sessile and stalked ascomata. some species of Kalmusia, Letendraea, and Montagnula (Zhang et al., 2009b). Melanommataceae G. Winter (5085) This family received high bootstrap and Bayesian support in Morosphaeria Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones & C. L. Schoch two-gene phylogenetic analyses using nucLSU rDNA and tef1 (5088) and including the generic types of Bertiella, Byssosphaeria, This genus was described for two species of Massarina Herpotrichia, Melanomma, and Pseudotrichia (Mugambi & found on wood in marine habitats (Suetrong et al., 2009). It Huhndorf, 2009a). was placed in the newly described Morosphaeriaceae. Melanosporales N. Zhang & M. Blackw. (4808) Morosphaeriaceae Suetrong, Sakayaroj, E. B. G. Jones & C. L. This new order was described by Zhang and Blackwell Schoch (5089) (Hibbett et al., 2007) to accommodate Melanospora and This family was described to accommodate two genera, Sphaerodes in Ceratostomataceae. This was based on nucLSU Helicascus and the newly described Morosphaeria, and a rDNA data (Zhang & Blackwell, 2002). In the current outline, Kirschsteiniothelia elaterascus the rest of the genera are questionably placed in the family. specimen of (Suetrong et al., 2009). The family fits in the large Pleosporales s.l. on the basis of Melanotopelia Lumbsch & Mangold (4809) four-gene phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, This new genus in Thelotremataceae was described for two tef1,andrpb2 (Suetrong et al., 2009) and five genes, nucSSU, species previously placed in Topeliopsis (Mangold et al., nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1,andrpb2 (Schoch et al., 2009a). 2008a). In a phylogenetic study, the two groups were separated. Melanotopelia differs in having thin-walled asco- Muraeriata Huhndorf, M. Greif, Mugambi & A. N. Mill. (4935) spores and a dark-pigmented proper exciple. Thelotremataceae This new genus was described for two species with is treated as a synonym of Graphidaceae in the present outline. superficial, long-necked ascomata with a distinctive vacuolate middle ascomal wall layer. The fusiform ascospores are similar Meridianelia Kantvilas & Lumbsch (5029) to Ceratosphaeria and the newly described Ceratosphaerella. This new monotypic genus was described for a new species The genus was placed in Magnaporthaceae on the basis of collected in Tasmania (Kantvilas & Lumbsch, 2009). On the nucLSU rDNA data (Huhndorf et al., 2008). basis of molecular data, the genus is placed in Elixiaceae. Although morphologically distinct from Elixia, similarities in Murispora Yin. Zhang, C. L. Schoch, J. Fourn., Crous & K. D. ascus types support the placement of the genus. Hyde (5090) This genus was described for Pleospora rubicunda and was Metacordyceps G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora placed in the newly described Amniculicolaceae (Zhang et al., (4810) 2009b). This new genus in Clavicipitaceae was described in Sung et al. (2007) including six species, often having Metarhizium Musaespora Aptroot & Sipman (4936) anamorphs. Lu¨cking (2008) followed previous authors (Harris, 1995; Lu¨cking & Serusiaux, 1997) in placing this genus in Mono- Misturatosphaeria Mugambi & Huhndorf (5086) blastiaceae instead of Aspidotheliaceae on the basis of This genus was described for nine species with gregarious, morphological similarities with the genus Anisomeridium, papillate ascomata having lighter colored apices and plugged which is followed here. The generic name, however, has been ostioles and that vary in ascospore morphology from 1- to 3- shown to be synonymous with the older name Trypetheliopsis septate to muriform. It was placed in Lophiostomataceae on (Kashiwadani et al., 2009).

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 51 Mycocaliciomycetidae Tibell (4811) Nervostroma Y. Harada & T. Narumi (4814) Tibell (Hibbett et al., 2007) described this subclass in This new genus was described in Sclerotiniaceae with the Eurotiomycetes to accommodate Mycocaliciales. newly described N. depraedans as type species (Narumi-Saito et al., 2006). Mycomicrothelia Keissl. (5091) This genus is questionably placed in Trypetheliaceae (Nelsen Nigrosabulum Malloch & Cain (5031) et al., 2009). The anatomy and ascomal ontogeny of this genus were studied in detail (Plishka et al., 2009). The authors found Myelochroidea Printzen, T. Sprib. & Tønsberg (4937) characters in the centrum development that support the A small group of four species that were previously recognized placement of the genus in Bionectriaceae (Hypocreales). as the Biatora/Lecidea leprosula group was included in this new genus (Printzen et al., 2008). The genus is characterized by Ocala Raja & Shearer (4943) reddish brown apothecia with persistent margins; branched This new genus of freshwater fungi was described from and anastomosing paraphyses with pigmented, swollen apices; Florida (Raja et al., 2009). It was placed in Phaeosphaeriaceae asci of the Micarea type; and single-celled, hyaline ascospores. on the basis of morphological evidence. The genus is placed in Lecanorales incertae sedis. Oceanitis Kohlm. (5093) Mytilinidiaceae Kirchst. (4938) This genus was placed in Halosphaeriaceae on the basis of The phylogeny of this family and Hysteriaceae was studied phylogenetic analyses using nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA data using a four-gene data set (Boehm et al., 2009b). The two (Dupont et al., 2009). families were shown to be unrelated, and consequently, Oedohysterium E. W. A. Boehm & C. L. Schoch (5094) Mytilinidiaceae and the closely related Gloniaceae were placed This genus was described for species formerly in Hysterium in a new order, Mytilinidiales. and Hysterographium that are found to be phylogenetically distant from the type species of those genera (Boehm et al., Mytilinidiales E. W. A. Boehm, C. L. Schoch & Spatafora (4939) 2009a). It was placed in Hysteriaceae. The phylogeny of Hysteriaceae and Mytilinidiaceae was studied using a four-gene data set (Boehm et al., 2009b). The Ogataea Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata (4815) two families were shown to be unrelated, and consequently, Limtong et al. (2008) accepted the genus Ogataea. They Mytilinidiaceae was placed in this new order. further transferred some species from Pichia, with which the genus was previously considered to be synonymous. Ogataea Nataniella Re´blova´ (5030) is accepted in Saccharomycetaceae. This new genus was described in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis to accommodate species formerly included in Ceratosto- Ophiocordyceps Petch (4816) mella (Re´blova´ & Stepa´nek, 2009). This genus was emended by Sung et al. (2007) to include species of Cordyceps s.l. that produce ascomata in subterminal Naumovia Kurtzman (4812) regions of the stromata and mostly have Hirsutella and See note under Naumovozyma (4813). Hymenostilbe anamorphs.

Naumovozyma Kurtzman (4813) Ophiocordycipitaceae G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Naumovia Kurtzman, 2003, with two species N. castellii and Spatafora (4817) N. dairenensis, is a younger homonym of Naumovia Dobrozr. This new family was described by Sung et al. (2007) to 1928 and is therefore illegitimate. For this reason, the new accommodate the genera Elaphocordyceps and Ophiocordy- generic name Naumovozyma was proposed (Kirk et al., 2008). ceps. This family was shown to be distinct in a five-gene phylogenetic analysis. Neodeightonia C. Booth (4940) Ophiovalsa Petr. (4944) This genus was resurrected in a study on the phylogeny of This genus was shown to be synonymous with Cryptospor- Botryosphaeriaceae and its classification (Phillips et al., 2008). ella (Mejia et al., 2008). It includes species with brown, 1-septate ascospores. Orbiocrella D. Johnson, G. H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora (4945) Neoerysiphe U. Braun (4941) This new genus was described for four species previously The phylogeny of this genus was studied using ITS and included in Torrubiella but clustering as a distinct clade in nucLSU rDNA sequence data, and its monophyly is Clavicipitaceae (Johnson et al., 2009). Morphologically, the supported (Takamatsu et al., 2008). genus is characterized by producing perithecia and reduced stromatic tissue in a ring around the edge of the insect host. Neomassariosphaeria Yin. Zhang, J. Fourn. & K. D. Hyde (5092) This genus was described for two species of Massario- Ostreichnion Duby (4946) sphaeria and was placed in the newly described Amniculico- This genus was shown to belong to Hysteriaceae, not laceae (Zhang et al., 2009b). Mytilinidiaceae (Boehm et al., 2009b).

Neournula Paden & Tylutki (4942) Ostropales Nannf. (4818) This genus is now placed in Chorioactidaceae (Pfister et al., Hibbett et al. (2007) circumscribed this order in a wider 2008). sense than previously done. The order also includes taxa

52 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES formerly classified in separate orders, such as Gomphillales, Phacographa Hafellner (5034) Graphidales, Gyalectales, and Trichotheliales. This new genus was described to accommodate three lichenicolous fungi on the basis of the presence of unilocular, Ostropella (Sacc.) Ho¨hn. (5095) apothecioid ascomata, atra-brown ascomatal pigments, and This genus was included in two-gene phylogenetic analyses hemiamyloid asci (Hafellner, 2009). The genus is placed in that sampled multiple members of Melanommataceae (Mu- Roccellaceae. gambi & Huhndorf, 2009a). Ostropella did not occur in that family and is moved to Pleosporales incertae sedis. Phacothecium Trevis. (5035) Ovealmbornia S. Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Ka¨rnefelt, This genus was resurrected from the synonymy of Arthonia Elix & A. Thell (5032) and was accepted in Roccellaceae for a lichenicolous fungus This newly described genus (Fedorenko et al., 2009) was (Hafellner, 2009). regarded as a synonym of Xanthoria. Phaeobotryon Theiss. & H. Syd. (4953) Pachytrype Berl. ex M. E. Barr, J. D. Rogers & Y. M. Ju (5096) This genus was reinstated in a study on the phylogeny of On the basis of nucLSU rDNA phylogenetic data, Pachy- Botryosphaeriaceae and its classification (Phillips et al., 2008). trype was accepted in Diaporthales (Huhndorf et al., 2009). It includes species with brown, 2-septate ascospores.

Pallidogramme Staiger, Kalb & Lu¨cking (4947) Phaeobotryosphaeria Speg. (4954) This new genus was described to accommodate Hemithe- This genus was resurrected in a study on the phylogeny of cium subgenus Leucogramma (Lu¨cking et al., 2008), which has Botryosphaeriaceae and its classification (Phillips et al., 2008). previously been shown to be unrelated to the nominal It includes species with brown, aseptate ascospores with an subgenus (Staiger et al., 2006). apiculus at either end. Paoayensis Cabanela, Jeewon & K. D. Hyde (4948) This new genus of freshwater ascomycetes was described for Phaeocryptopus Naumov (4822) a new species collected in the Philippines (Cabanela et al., The type of the genus clustered within Dothioraceae in a 2007). The genus is characterized by immersed, slightly phylogenetic study using ribosomal DNA sequences (Winton et erumpent ascomata with openings that fuse into a single al., 2007), whereas P. gaeumannii aligned in Mycosphaerellaceae. ostiole. Asci are unitunicate with a discoid refractive apical ring and lemoniform ascospores. Molecular data indicate a Phaeomollisia T. N. Sieber & C. R. Gru¨nig (4952) placement in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis. This new genus was described for a new species of endophytes with dark, septate hyphae from Switzerland Parabagliettoa Gueidan & Cl. Roux (4949) (Grunig et al., 2009) and was placed in Dermateaceae. This new genus was described in Verrucariaceae for a group of saxicolous, calcicolous species formerly included in Phaffomyces Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. Ando & Mikata (4955) Verrucaria (Gueidan et al., 2009). A phylogenetic study provided evidence that this genus should be placed in Pichiaceae (Kurtzman et al., 2008). Parauncinula S. Takamatsu, U. Braun & S. Limkaisang (4819) This new genus was proposed in Erysiphales with U. septata Phylloblastia Vain. (4956) as the type species (Takamatsu et al., 2005). Uncinula curvispora This genus was classified in Verrucariaceae by Lu¨cking was maintained as a separate species also assigned to this genus. (2008) in an enlarged circumscription to include species previously placed in Pocsia. Parmeliaceae Zenker (5033) The phylogeny of the cetrarioid group was studied (Thell et Phyllogyalidea Lu¨cking & Aptroot (4957) al., 2009); see note 5023 (Cetraria). Foliicolous species in Gyalidea were shown to be morphologically different (Aptroot & Lu¨cking, 2003) and were Patellariales D. Hawksw. & O. E. Erikss. (4820) subsequently placed in a separate genus (Lu¨cking, 2008) in The position of the order is uncertain in Dothideomycetes Gomphillaceae. (Schoch et al., 2006). Pichia E. C. Hansen (4958) Pentagenella Darb. (4950) The circumscription of the genus was revised on the basis of This genus was regarded as a synonym of Roccella molecular evidence, with several species placed in new genera and (Follmann et al., 1998) but recently has been accepted as a the genus Issatchenkia included in Pichia (Kurtzman et al., 2008). distinct genus (Tehler & Irestedt, 2007). Pichiaceae Zender (4959) Petriellopsis Gilgado, Cano, Guarro & Gene´ (4951) The phylogeny of the family was studied on the basis of This new genus was described for Pseudallescheria africana, molecular data, with species placed in three new genera: supported by morphological and molecular evidence (Gilgado Barnettozyma, Lindnera, and Wickerhamomyces (Kurtzman et et al., 2007), and was placed in Microascaceae. al., 2008).

Pezizales J. Schro¨t. (4821) Placomaronea Ra¨sa¨nen (4823, 5036) Hibbett et al. (2007) showed that the correct authority of The phylogeny of this genus was studied using ITS this ordinal name is J. Schro¨t. and not C. Bessey. sequences (Westberg et al., 2009). It was supported as

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 53 monophyletic in Candelariaceae but nested within Candelaria Protolichenes (4826) and Candelariella, which both appear polyphyletic. See note Eriksson (2005) stated that morphological, molecular, and under Candelariaceae (4771). paleontological studies indicate that the subphylum Pezizo- mycotina most probably evolved from a group of lichenized Plagiostoma Fuckel (4960) ascomycetes, the hypothetical group Protolichenes; see note This genus is accepted in Gnomoniaceae, with Cryptodia- 4324 (Eriksson, 2006). Hawksworth (in litt., 2007) has pointed porthe as a synonym (Sogonov et al., 2008). out that the name Protolichenes was used by Choisy (1954) to accommodate the following lichen taxa: Roccellineae, Sphaer- Platystomum Trevis. (5097) ophorineae, Thamnoliineae, and Usneineae. Protolichenes sensu This genus was included in two-gene phylogenetic analyses Eriksson was used as an informal name for a hypothetical pre- that sampled multiple members of Lophiostomataceae (Mu- Devonian group of lichenized ascomycetes. The name is not in gambi & Huhndorf, 2009a). Platystomum did not occur in that need of typification and is not to be involved in any discus- family but clustered with species of Pseudotrichia, Ostropella, sions on priority. and Xenolophium in an unresolved clade that may correspond to the family Platystomaceae. Platystomum is moved to Protoroccella L. M. Sa´nchez-Pinto & M. Schulz (4965) Pleosporales incertae sedis. This previously overlooked genus was described in Roccel- laceae (Follmann, 1995, 2001). Plectosphaerellaceae W. Gams, Summerbell & Zare (4824) This new family in Hypocreomycetidae was described to Pseudorbilia Y. Zhang, Z. F. Yu, H. O. Baral & K. Q. Zhang (4827) accommodate Plectosphaerella, which was previously in This new genus in Orbiliaceae was described for a new Sordariomycetes incertae sedis (Zare et al., 2007). It contains fungus collected once on rotten wood in Yunnan (China). It several taxa that are placed in the anamorphic genera has minute translucent apothecia, an ectal exciple of globose Gibellulopsis and Musicillium. and angular cells, asci and paraphyses not embedded in gel, and short-stipitate, bilateral asci (Zhang et al., 2007). Pleomassaria Speg. (5098) This genus resolves in Melanommataceae on the basis of a Pseudoparodia Theiss. & Sydow (4966) single collection of the type species, P. siparia, used in On the basis of a re-examination of the type, this genus was phylogenetic analyses (Zhang et al., 2008a, 2009a; Mugambi transferred to Patellariaceae (Zhang & Hyde, 2009). & Huhndorf, 2009a). The identity of the collection was Pseudostigmidium Etayo (4967) verified by morphological examination (Zhang et al., 2008a). This new genus was described for a group of five lichenicolous The species is the generic type of the family Pleomassariaceae, fungi growing on Nephroma and Pseudocyphellaria spp. in and the family was placed in synonymy with Melanommata- Tierra del Fuego (Etayo & Sancho, 2008). The genus differs ceae (Zhang et al., 2009b). Acceptance of that treatment in the from Stigmidium in having an I+ red hymenium and 3-septate Outline will be reserved until additional collections of the ascospores. The genus was placed in Mycosphaerellaceae. species are included in further analyses. Pseudotrichia Kirschst. (5100) Pleuroceras Riess (4961) This genus was included in two-gene phylogenetic analyses In a monograph of leaf-inhabiting genera in Gnomoniaceae, that sampled multiple members of Melanommataceae (Mugambi this genus was accepted, and Linospora was included as a & Huhndorf, 2009a). The type species, P. mutabilis, resolved in synonym (Sogonov et al., 2008). the family, but the genus is not monophyletic, with additional species occurring in unresolved clades within Pleosporales. Pocsia Ve˘zda (4962) This genus has been reduced to synonymy with Phylloblastia Psiloglonium Ho¨hn. (4968) (Lu¨cking, 2008). In a phylogenetic study of Mytilinidiaceae and Hysteriaceae the independence of this genus was shown (Boehm et al., Polyblastia A. Massal. (4963) 2009b). Hence, this genus was resurrected and accepted in the This genus was shown to be polyphyletic in a multi-gene Hysteriaceae. phylogenetic analysis (Savic´ et al., 2008). Psilopezia Berk. (4828) Polyplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray (5099) The position of this genus within Pezizales was uncertain This genus was described for taxa occurring on bamboo and (Hansen & Pfister, 2006). having globose ascomata and Tetraploa-like anamorphs producing conidia with three to eight setose appendages Puttea S. Stenroos & Huhtinen (4969) (Tanaka et al., 2009). This new genus was described to accommodate an arctic- alpine, bryophilous lichen species previously known as Lecidea Poroconiochaeta Udagawa & Furuya (4825) margaritella (Stenroos et al., 2009). The authors provide Garcı´a et al. (2006) placed this genus into synonymy with morphological and molecular evidence for the distinctiveness Coniochaeta. of the genus that is placed in Lecanorales incertae sedis.

Protocrea Petch (4964) Pycnidiophora Clum (5101) This genus was redefined on the basis of morphological and This genus resolved among species of Westerdykella in molecular evidence (Jaklitsch et al., 2008). Several species Sporormiaceae and thus was treated as a synonym of that previously placed here were transferred to other genera. genus (Kruys & Wedin, 2009).

54 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Pyronemataceae Corda (4829) Roccellina Darb. (4833) The family as currently circumscribed was shown to be The genus was enlarged to include fruticose taxa previously polyphyletic (Perry et al., 2007). Glaziellaceae is sister to placed in Roccella and also the genus Roccellaria (Tehler & Pyronemataceae s.s., but this lacks support. Several genera Irestedt, 2007). within Pyronemataceae appear polyphyletic. Roccellodea Darb. (4976) Racodium Pers. (4969) This genus is a synonym of Roccella (Tehler, 2007). Molecular data suggest that this sterile, microfilamentose lichen genus is close to Mycosphaerellaceae in Dothideomy- Roesleria Thu¨m. & Pass. (4979) cetes (Muggia et al., 2008). It is placed in Dothideomycetes This genus was shown to belong to Helotiaceae using incertae sedis. molecular evidence (Kirchmair et al., 2008).

Rolueckia Papong, Thammathaworn & Boonpragob (4977) Reinkella Darb. (4970) This new genus was described for the Calenia conspersa This genus is a synonym of Hubbsia (Tehler et al., 1997). group (Papong et al., 2008). It is characterized by unique hyphophores, which are setiform, reddish brown with a club- Remleria Raitv. (4971) like apex producing bacilliform conidia. This genus in Hyaloscyphaceae was described including four species growing on woody stems (Raitviir, 2004). Romellia Berl. (4834) This genus was reduced to synonymy with Togninia by Rhizoplacopsidaceae J. C. Wei & Q. M. Zhou (4972) Re´blova´ and Mostert (2007). A new family was described for a new genus and species collected in China (Zhou & Wei, 2006). Subsequent studies Romjularia Timdal (4978) showed that the lichen is a synonym of Boreoplaca ultrafrigida This new genus in Porpidiaceae was described to accom- (Davydov & Wei, 2009). The family is regarded as a synonym modate Lecidea lurida, a terricolous, squamulose lichen (Nash of Ophioparmaceae. et al., 2007).

Ropalosporaceae Hafellner (4835) Rhizoplacopsis J. C. Wei & Q. M. Zhou (4973) This monotypic family has been regarded as synonymous This recently described genus (Zhou & Wei, 2006) has been with Fuscideaceae. However, Bylin et al. (2007) showed that reduced to synonymy with Boreoplaca (Davydov & Wei, Ropalospora is distinct from that family. They suggest 2009). resurrecting the family, which is accepted and placed in Lecanoromycetidae incertae sedis. Rhizoscyphus W. Y. Zhuang & Korf (4830) This genus was included in Pezoloma by Baral and Roseodiscus H. O. Baral (4836) Krieglsteiner (2006). This new genus in Hyaloscyphaceae was described to accommodate one species on Equisetum (R. equisetinus, type) Rhodoveronaea Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous (4974) and another on Bryophyta (R. subcarneus) (Baral & Kriegl- The teleomorph of this anamorphic genus has been steiner, 2006). discovered and epitypified; hence, the name is available for the holomorph (Re´blova´, 2009). A detailed morphological Rostrupiella Jørg. Koch, K. L. Pang & E. B. G. Jones (4980) description is given, and molecular data suggest that it is best This genus is characterized by large ascomata that are placed in Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis. deeply seated within the woody substrate, with long necks extending through the wood to the surface, a bell-like structure protruding into the centrum, large, melanized Rimora Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm., Suetrong, Sakayaroj & E. B. G. bladder cells present in the wood cells, and formation of Jones (5102) inhibition zones in the host tissue. NucLSU rDNA data placed This genus was described for Lophiostoma mangrovei, found the genus in Lulworthiales (Koch et al., 2007). on bark and wood in marine habitats (Suetrong et al., 2009). It is placed in Aigialaceae on the basis of four-gene phylogenetic Saccharomyceta (4981) analyses using nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 This rankless taxon was proposed as a name for the clade (Suetrong et al., 2009). that includes the subphyla Pezizomycotina and Saccharomy- cotina (Schoch et al., 2009b). It is not shown in the Outline. Roccella DC. (4831) This genus was shown to have its center of distribution in Samuelsia Chaverri & K. T. Hodge (4982) the Northern Hemisphere (Tehler & Irestedt, 2007), and The new genus was described for a group of species similar Southern Hemisphere taxa previously placed here were shown to Hypocrella, but differing in having longer ascospores and to belong to Roccellina on the basis of a phylogenetic study Aschersonia-like anamorphs with allantoid conidia (Chaverri using ribosomal and rpb2 sequence data. et al., 2008).

Roccellaria Darb. (4832, 4975) Sarcoexcipula Etayo (4983) This genus was shown to be nested in Roccellina and This new monotypic genus of lichenicolous fungi from consequently placed in synonymy with that genus (Tehler & Tierra del Fuego (Etayo & Sancho, 2008) grows on Pannaria. Irestedt, 2007). It is characterized by a thick and multi-layered exciple, the

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 55 presence of lateral paraphyses, and large septate ascospores. name loses its original author, and the transferring author’s The authors did not place the genus in a family, but, on the name is substituted, not as a new combination, but as a new basis of the description, it has an amyloid hymenium and is name. In this case, Solenopezia solenia Sacc. is the correct tentatively placed in Gyalectaceae, although the ascus type authorship, not Solenopezia solenia (Peck) Sacc. Its type illustrated does not seem to fit into this family. specimen is that of the original author, Peck (1873), but the name dates for priority purposes from Saccardo (1889). Korf Schistophoron Stirt. (4984) continued with a discussion of the application of Art. 58, A phylogenetic study using nucLSU and mtSSU rDNA which can result in the loss of ability to find a taxon’s sequence data demonstrated that this calicioid genus previ- description and the location of the type specimen. Korf ously listed under Ascomycota incertae sedis belongs to discussed the possible use of the connective ‘‘ex’’ in joining the Graphidaceae (Tehler et al., 2009). original author with the legitimizing author. In this case, the authorship would become Solenopezia solenia Peck ex Sacc., Schizoparmeaceae Rossman (4837) thereby informing the reader that they should search for the type This new family in Diaporthales was described to accom- specimen and description among Peck’s publications. A formal modate the distinctive genus Schizoparme and its anamorph proposal to change Art. 58 would be needed and, in the interest Pilidiella (Rossman et al., 2007). The family is characterized of nomenclatural clarification, would be a worthy endeavor. by having brown or black ascomata mostly erumpent through Solenopezia is included in Lachnaceae (Raitviir, 2004). the host epidermis. Solorinella Anzi (4838) Schizotrema Mangold & Lumbsch (5037) This genus was shown to be nested within Gyalidea This small new genus was described to accommodate a (Aptroot & Lu¨cking, 2003) and is treated as a synonym of group of thelotremoid lichens with layered ascomatal margins the genus. (Mangold et al., 2009) that occur in temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere and at high altitudes in the tropics and Solorinellaceae Ve˘zda & Poelt (4839) have previously been found to be distinct on the basis of This family is placed into synonymy with Gomphillaceae, molecular data (Mangold et al., 2008b). following some recent authors (Henssen & Lu¨cking, 2002; Aptroot & Lu¨cking, 2003). Scortechiniella Arx & E. Mu¨ll. (5103) This genus was accepted in Scortechiniaceae on the basis of Sordariomyceta (4989) nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 phylogenetic analyses (Mu- This rankless taxon was proposed as a name for the clade gambi & Huhndorf 2010). that includes the classes Laboulbeniomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes (Schoch et al., 2009b). It is not shown in Scortechiniellopsis Sivan. (5104) the Outline. This genus was accepted in Scortechiniaceae on the basis of nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 phylogenetic analyses (Mu- Speerschneidera Trevis. (4990) gambi & Huhndorf 2010). This genus was shown to be outside of Ramalinaceae and is placed in Lecanorales incertae sedis (Lumbsch et al., 2004; Sculptolumina Marbach (4985) Nelsen et al., 2008). On the basis of morphological evidence, this genus was resurrected as distinct from Rinodina (Giralt et al., 2009). Spencermartinsia A. J. L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous (4991) This genus was described in a study on the phylogeny of Sipmaniella Kalb (4986) Botryosphaeriaceae and its classification (Phillips et al., 2008). For the tropical species Lecania sulfureofusca, a new The genus includes species with brown, 1-septate ascospores monotypic genus in Lecanoraceae was described on the basis with an apiculus at either end. of morphological and chemical evidence (Kalb, 2009a). Sporodictyon A. Massal. (4992) Smarodsia Raitv. & Vimba (4987) This genus was accepted for a group previously included in This new genus in Pyrenemataceae was described for a new Polyblastia but forming a separate clade in a multi-gene species found on soil in Latvia (Vimba & Raitviir, 2006). It phylogenetic analysis (Savic´ et al., 2008). differs from Cheilymenia in having ascospores with walls that do not change in boiling lactic acid and that contain lipid droplets. Stegophora Syd. & P. Syd. (4993) This genus was placed in Sydowiellaceae (Sogonov et al., Solenopezia Sacc. (4988, 5038) 2008). Korf (2007) discussed this genus, resurrected for seven species, including the validly published but illegitimate (ICBN Sydowiellaceae Lar. N. Vassiljeva (4994) Art. 58) Peziza solenia Peck, a later homonym of Peziza Rossman (2007) accepted the family in a new circumscrip- solenia DC (a basidiomycete). Korf provided a discussion for tion on the basis of the type Sydowiella and included the accepting the lectotypification of the genus by Raitviir in 1973 following genera: Chapeckia, Haplocystis, Rossmania, Sillia, with Solenopezia solenia Sacc. as the type species, the name and Stegophora along with a few species from other genera. based on P. solenia Peck. He discussed the authorship of S. According to Sogonov et al. (2008), the genera Lambro and solenia as dictated by ICBN Article (Art.) 58. As stated Uleoporthe may also belong in this family. The diverse biology therein, the epithet of a validly published but illegitimate of this group includes parasites and saprobes on herbaceous species can be transferred to another genus. In doing this, the and woody plants.

56 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Sympoventuria Crous & Seifert (4840) by Reeb et al. (2004) and confirmed by Lumbsch et al. A new fungus on Eucalyptus from the Cape region of South (2009b). The family is placed in Leotiomycetes incertae sedis. Africa was accommodated in this new genus (Crous et al., 2007b) that is placed in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. The Thelotremataceae (Nyl.) Stizenb. (4999) genus is distinct from Venturia; it differs in having hyaline This family has been reduced to synonymy with Graphida- ascospores and lacking a Sympodiella anamorph. ceae (Mangold et al., 2008b).

Synarthothelium Sparrius (4995) Tingoldiago K. Hiray. & Kaz. Tanaka (5107) This new genus was described for two new species of This genus was described for one lineage of Massarina corticolous, crustose lichens with synascomata with thalline ingoldiana s.l., which is found on wood in freshwater habitats margin occurring in Central America (Sparrius, 2009). (Hirayama et al., 2010). It did not group with another lineage (Lingomyces, placed in the Lingomycetaceae) and is placed in Tectonidula Re´blova´ (5039) Pleosporales incertae sedis. This new genus was described for species previously classified in the polyphyletic genus Calosphaeria and a newly Torrubiella Boud. (4842, 5000) found species (Re´blova´ & Stepa´nek, 2009). The genus is placed In a multi-gene phylogenetic study by Johnson et al. (2009), in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis. this genus was shown to be highly polyphyletic, with species clustering in Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae, and Ophiocor- Teloschistaceae Zahlbr. (4996) dycipitaceae. Two new genera were described; see notes under A phylogenetic study based on ITS sequences confirms that Conoideocrella (4879), Orbiocrella (4945), and Cordycipitaceae the generic concept in the family needs re-evaluation and that (4785). most of the genera and subgenera currently accepted are not monophyletic (Gaya et al., 2008). Trapeliaceae Hertel (4843) This family was shown to be distinct from Agyriaceae and Teracosphaeria Re´blova´ & Seifert (4841) resurrected (Lumbsch et al., 2007b). It is placed in Baeomy- This new genus was described for a new species growing on cetales. decayed wood in New Zealand (Re´blova´ & Seifert, 2007). It is characterized by immersed, non-stromatic Ceratosphaeria-like Trematosphaeria Fuckel (5108) perithecia with hyaline, septate ascospores produced in An epitype was designated for the type species, T. pertusa unitunicate, non-amyloid asci. The genus is placed in (Zhang et al., 2008a), and this collection was used in multi-gene Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis. phylogenetic analyses, in which it resolved in a strongly supported clade assigned as a separate undescribed family Teratosphaeriaceae Crous & U. Braun (4997) (Suetrong et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009a). The genus is placed This new family was described for taxa previously classified in in Pleosporales incertae sedis until the family is described. the highly polyphyletic Mycosphaerellaceae. The group includes several important leaf-spotting and extremotolerant species. The Trematosphaeriaceae nom. nud. (5109) family is placed in Capnodiales (Crous et al., 2007a). This family name was used for a clade recovered in four- and five-gene phylogenetic analyses (Suetrong et al., 2009; Tetraplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray (5105) Zhang et al., 2009a) and includes Falciformispora, Halomas- This genus was described for taxa occurring on bamboo and sarina, and Trematosphaeria. Unfortunately, the family was having small Massarina-like ascomata and anamorphs be- not formally described at that time. The strongly supported longing to Tetraploa s.s. (Tanaka et al., 2009). A new family clade will be accepted in Pleosporales after the family name is was described for this genus and several others. formally described.

Tetraplosphaeriaceae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray (5106) Trichopeziza Fuckel (5001) This family was described to accommodate five genera, This genus is now classified in Lachnaceae (Raitviir, 2004). including Polyplosphaeria, Tetraplosphaeria,andTriplosphaeria and the anamorphic genera Pseudotetraploa and Quadricrura Trichotheliales Hafellner & Kalb (4844) (Tanaka et al., 2009). The family fits in the large Pleosporales s.l., Hibbett et al. (2007) placed this order into synonymy with as recovered in a phylogeny derived from five genes: nucSSU, Ostropales. nucLSU rDNA, tef1, rpb1,andrpb2 (Schoch et al., 2009a). Triclinum Fe´e (4845, 5002) Thailandiomyces Pinruan, Sakay., K. D. Hyde & E. B. G. Jones Jørgensen (2003) typified this genus and pointed out that it is (4998) not a synonym of Psoroma, but an older, correct name for This new genus was described for a new species found on Squamacidia (Ramalinaceae). However, Triclinum was subse- senescent trunks of palms in a peat swamp in Thailand quently reduced to synonymy with Phyllopsora (Timdal, 2008). (Pinruan et al., 2008). Morphological and molecular evidence for the classification of the fungus are provided. The genus is Trimmatothele Norman ex Zahlbr. (5003) listed in Diaporthales incertae sedis. This genus was accepted in a new generic classification of Verrucariaceae (Gueidan et al., 2009). Thelocarpaceae Zukal (5040) The phylogenetic placement of this family was studied using Triplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray (5110) nucLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences. Its placement outside This genus was described for taxa occurring on bamboo and of Lecanoromycetes but inside of Leotiomycetes was suggested having Massarina-like teleomorphs with Tetraploa-like ana-

LUMBSCH AND HUHNDORF: MYCONET VOLUME 14 57 morphs having three setose appendages. The ascomata of Usneocetraria M. L. Lai & J. C. Wei (4847) Triplosphaeria are hemispherical with a flattened base with This genus was segregated from Allocetraria on the basis of rim-like regions composed of vertically oriented hyphoid cells several growth morphology characters that are only briefly at the side in longitudinal section (Tanaka et al., 2009). mentioned and not discussed (Lai et al., 2007). Eleven species were listed, but only two were validly combined into Usneoce- Trypetheliales Lu¨cking, Aptroot & Sipman (5004) traria. For the remaining nine species, no basionyms were cited. This new order was described (Aptroot et al., 2008a) Additional data are necessary before this genus can be accepted; including a family that has previously been shown to belong to for the time being, it is listed as a synonym of Allocetraria. Dothideomycetes (Del Prado et al., 2006) and was formerly placed in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. Vahliella P. M. Jørg. (5010) Species that were previously classified as subgenus Micro- Trypetheliopsis Asahina (5005) pannaria in the genus Fuscopannaria (Pannariaceae) have been Trypetheliopsis was shown to be an older name for shown to be unrelated to that genus (Ekman & Jørgensen, Musaespora that is consequently placed into synonymy with 2002). Consequently, these species are now accommodated in that genus (Kashiwadani et al., 2009). a new genus, Vahliella (Jørgensen, 2008)

Tuckermanella Essl. (5041) Verrucariaceae Zenker (4848, 5011) The phylogeny of the cetrarioid group in Parmeliaceae was In multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, Gueidan et al. (2007) studied using a five-gene data set (Thell et al., 2009). This showed the generic concepts in this family required revision. genus was monophyletic in that study. Several genera were found to be polyphyletic. Four well- supported lineages were found. Morphological characters and their evolution were discussed. Gueidan et al. (2009) proposed Tuckermannopsis Gyeln. (5042) a new classification with the description of three new genera: This genus was polyphyletic in a phylogenetic study on Hydropunctaria, Parabagliettoa, and Wahlenbergiella. The cetrarioid lichens (Thell et al., 2009). genus Trimmatothele is accepted. Tylophoron Nyl. ex Stizenb. (5006) A phylogenetic study using mtSSU rDNA sequence data Verrucula J. Steiner (5012) showed that this calicioid genus belongs to Arthoniaceae The genus was accepted in Verrucariaceae for parasitic (Lumbsch et al., 2009a). species formerly included in Verrucaria (Navarro-Rosine´s et al., 2007; Gueidan et al., 2009). Tympanopsis Starba¨ck (5111) This genus was accepted in Scortechiniaceae on the basis of Verruculopsis Gueidan, Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux (5013) nucLSU rDNA, tef1, and rpb2 phylogenetic analyses (Mu- This genus was newly established in Verrucariaceae for the gambi & Huhndorf, 2010). sister group of Placopyrenium (Navarro-Rosine´s et al., 2007; Gueidan et al., 2009). Uleoporthe Petr. (5007) This genus was placed tentatively in Sydowiellaceae Vezdaeaceae Poelt & Ve˘zda ex J. C. David & D. Hawksw. (5043) (Sogonov et al., 2008). The phylogenetic placement of Vezdaeaceae was studied using nucLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences; it was found to Umbilicariales Lumbsch, Hestmark & Lutzoni (4846) be outside of Lecanoromycetes but inside of Leotiomycetes This new order was described by Lumbsch, Hestmark, and with unclear relationships (Lumbsch et al., 2009b). The family Lutzoni (in Hibbett et al., 2007) to accommodate Umbilicar- is placed in Leotiomycetes incertae sedis. iaceae. Miadlikowska et al. (2006) and Hofstetter et al. (2007) demonstrated that this order is distinct from Lecanorales.Itis Wahlenbergiella Gueidan & Thu¨s (5014) placed in Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis. This genus was newly described in Verrucariaceae for a group of marine crusts growing mostly in the intertidal zone (Gueidan et al., 2009). The species were previously classified in Umbilithecium Etayo (5008) the heterogeneous genus Verrucaria. This new monotypic genus of lichenicolous fungi from Tierra del Fuego growing on Pseudocyphellaria spp. was Wakefieldiomyces Kobayasi (4849) described as close to Corticiruptor but differs in having larger This genus was included in Podocrella by Chaverri et al. ascomata and differences in the exciple and hypothecium (2005). (Etayo & Sancho, 2008). This genus is placed in Lecanor- omycetes incertae sedis. Wallrothiella Sacc. (4850, 5112) Garcı´a et al. (2006) placed this genus in Coniochaetales on Umushamyces Etayo (5009) the basis of nucLSU rDNA sequence data for Wallrothiella This new monotypic genus of lichenicolous fungi from subiculosa. This species is morphologically distinct from the Tierra del Fuego grows on Coccotrema cucurbitula (Etayo & type species Wallrothiella congregata, which was included with Sancho, 2008). The genus has a reduced exciple of branched, W. subiculosa in a phylogenetic study using nucLSU rDNA gelatinized hyphae, a hyaline hymenium and hypothecium, data (Huhndorf et al., 2009). Monophyly of the genus was not and asci of the Biatora type. It is close to Scoliosporum and is supported, and the type species was placed in the newly accepted in Scoliciosporaceae. described Amplistromataceae.

58 FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES Wickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett & Basehoar-Powers (5015) APTROOT, A., G. THOR,R.LU¨ CKING,J.A.ELIX, AND J. L. CHAVES. This new genus was described in Saccharomycetales in- 2009. The lichen genus Herpothallon reinstated. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, 99: 19–66. certae sedis based on molecular evidence (Kurtzman et al., AWASTHI, D. 2007. A Compendium of the Macrolichens from India, 2008). Nepal and Sri Lanka. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India. Williopsis Zender (5016) BARAL,H.O.,AND L. KRIEGLSTEINER. 2006. Hymenoscyphus The type species of Williopsis (W. saturnus) was included in subcarneus, a little known bryicolous discomycete found in the the new genus Lindnera (Kurtzman et al., 2008). Thus Bialowie’za National Park. Acta Mycologica, 41: 11–20. Lindnera is regarded as a synonym of Williopsis. BIJU, C. K., V. B. HOSAGOUDAR, AND T. K. ABRAHAM. 2005. Meliolaceae of Kerala, India—XV. Nova Hedwigia, 80: 465–502. Wolfina Seaver ex Eckblad (5017) BOEHM, E. W. A., G. K. MUGAMBI,A.N.MILLER,S.M.HUHNDORF, S. MARINCOWITZ,J.W.SPATAFORA, AND C. L. SCHOCH. 2009a. A This genus was placed in Chorioactidaceae (Pfister et al., molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilini- 2008). diaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species. Studies in Mycology, 64: 49–83. Xanthodactylon P. A. Duvign. (5018) BOEHM, E. W. A., C. L. SCHOCH, AND J. W. SPATAFORA. 2009b. On the The circumscription of this African lichen genus was evolution of the Hysteriaceae and Mytilinidiaceae (Pleosporomyce- revised, chiefly characterized by its ascospore type (Kondra- tidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) using four nuclear genes. Mycological Research, 113: 461–479. tyuk et al., 2008). BYLIN, A., J. ARNERUP,N.HO¨ GBERG, AND G. THOR.2007.A phylogenetic study of Fuscideaceae using mtSSU rDNA. Biblio- Xanthokarroa S. Y. Kondr., Fedorenko, S. Stenroos, Ka¨rnefelt, theca Lichenologica, 96: 49–60. Elix & A. Thell (5044) CABANELA, M. V., R. JEEWON, AND K. D. HYDE. 2007. Morphotax- This newly described genus (Fedorenko et al., 2009) is for onomy and phylogeny of Paoayensis lignicola gen. et sp. nov. the time being regarded as a synonym of Xanthoria. (ascomycetes) from submerged wood in Paoay Lake, Ilocos Norte, the Philippines. Cryptogamie Mycologie, 28: 301–310. Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. (5045) CAI,L.,AND K. D. HYDE. 2007. Ascorhombispora aquatica gen. et sp. nov. A new generic classification for xanthorioid genera was from a freshwater habitat in China, and its phylogenetic placement based on molecular data. Cryptogamie Mycologie, 28: 291–300. suggested on the basis of a phylogenetic study using ITS and CAMPBELL, J., P. INDERBITZIN,J.KOHLMEYER, AND B. VOLKMANN- mtSSU rDNA sequence data (Fedorenko et al., 2009). We KOHLMEYER 2009. 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