DOCSLIB.ORG

L''' NATURAL HISTORY of TWO-LINE EELPOUTS (BOTHROCARA BRUNNEUM, FAMILY ZOARCIDAE)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
L''' NATURAL HISTORY of TWO-LINE EELPOUTS (BOTHROCARA BRUNNEUM, FAMILY ZOARCIDAE) l''' ~JO~JG tJ\I;JL)!h]Q! t ; I' F 0 Eo: / ~~~J NATURAL HISTORY OF TWO-LINE EELPOUTS (BOTHROCARA BRUNNEUM, FAMILY ZOARCIDAE) A thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Marine Science by Lara Annette Ferry San Francisco, California June, 1994 NATURAL HISTORY OF TWO-LINE EELPOUTS (BOTHROCARA BRUNNEUM, FAMILY ZOARCIDAE) Lara Annette Ferry San Francisco State University 1994 Two-line eelpouts were collected from two deep-sea sites in the Eastern North Pacific in order to study feeding habits and morphology, age and growth, and reproduction and demography. Two-line eelpouts eat primarily shrimp-like crustaceans, and secondarily, juvenile zoarcids, probably of the same species. Significant differences in diet between the two sites were found at the most general and the most specific levels of taxonomic characterization (!-test on PSI matrix; t = 26.6 and 14.5, tu=oos(2) = 1.96). Two-line eelpouts collected were a maximum of 14 years of age. A logistic growth model was the best fit to the data and predicts an asymptotic length of 690 mm total length. Instantaneous mortality estimates (z) ranged from 0.20 to 0.32 depending on considerations of variations in longevity. Two-line eelpouts have a relatively low fecundity of 215- 339 eggs per female, and appear to reproduce only once or, at the most, a few ·, times in their life. Age of first reproduction is relatively late in life, 11 years in females and B years in males. Best demographic estmates indicate this population is at or just exceeding a stable equilibrium with a long generation time of 10.13 to 14.60 years. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust for partial funding of this project, and the David Packard foundation for travel support. Funding was also received through a US Navy grant to San Jose State University (Navy CLEAN Contract No. N6247 4-88-0-5086). I would also like to thank David Griffith and Russ Vetter from the National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA), Bob Lauth and the late Paul Raymore also of NMFS (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA), and Danny Heilprin of Scientific Applications International Corporation, for allowing me to participate in research cruises and/or obtain specimens, and for providing data ne~ded for analysis in this project. In addition, I am grateful to Bob Leos and Jerry Spratt at California Department of Fish and Game for their assistance in trying to obtain specimens from commercial fishermen. I would like to extend special thanks to Anne Summers and Lisa Smith­ Beasley of Moss Landing Marine Labs who helped to identify prey items; Allen Andrews, Jocelyn Nowicki, and Kenneth Coale also of Moss Landing Marine Labs for guidance with the radiochemistry attempts; and Mary Yoklavich of Pacific Fisheries Environmental Group, and Guillermo Moreno from the University of Sydney, Australia, for guidance in ageing the otoliths. Thanks to Michael Foster and James Harvey who offered constant and much needed advice on statistics and experimental design, as well as Ross Clark, Matt Edwards, James Downing, and Erica Burton (who cut up more than her share of IV dead fish). I would also like to thank M. Eric Anderson from the J.L.B. Smith Institute, Grahamstown, South Africa for his advice on zoarcids and guidance throughout my pilot study and thesis project Lastly I owe a huge debt of gratitude to my advisor, Greg Cailliet, and my committee members, Ralph Larson, and Waldo Wakefield. Also to Lisa Weetman who is responsible for getting me involved in this project from the beginning. I am ever grateful for the continued support of my parents, David and Darleen Ferry, and also Michael Graham, who challenged me to ask the most difficult questions and inspired me to always find the answer. v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Appendices IX Introduction 1 Materials and Methods Collection of Specimens 4 Feeding & Morphology 5 Age & Gro\1/lh 9 Reproduction & Demography 12 Results Feeding & Morphology 15 Age & Gro\1/lh 19 Reproduction & Demography 21 Discussion Feeding & Morphology 23 Age & Grov.tth 26 Reproduction & Demography 29 Literature Cited 35 VI LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Summary of trawl effort 43 2. Prey items found in guts 44 3. Potential prey at study sites 45 4. Life table for constant mortality 47 5, Life table for type I and type Ill mortality 53 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Map of study site 57 2. Otolith diagram 58 3. Total length frequency histogram 59 4. Fish size trends with depth 60 5. Length frequency histogram for fish used in feeding study 61 6. Cumulative prey curves 62 7. General Index of Relative Importance (IRI) 63 8. Specific IRI .. 64 9. Jaw morphology and relative prey sizes 65 10. Gut morphology 66 11. Length frequency histogram for fish aged in otolith analysis 67 12. Plots of otolith length, otolith width, and otolith weight versus total length 66 13. Growth curves \ 69 14. Male maturity plots 70 15. Female maturity plots 71 16. Egg diameters and total fecundity 72 17. Cumulative maturity plot 74 18. Catch curve 75 19. Survivorship curves 76 viii LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page A. Trawl information 77 B. Otolith length and weight data 82 ix INTRODUCTION Technological advances in deep sea research have provided scientists greater opportunities for studying the unique creatures that live there and their interactions with this environment. Because the deep sea has been difficult to study, little is known regarding fish inhabiting this zone (Marshall 1979, Moyle and Cech 1988). Many generalizations have been used to describe deep-sea fish and their survival mechanisms, without much evidence other than morphological inference. Eelpouts (Family Zoarcidae) are abundant and widespread residents of North America's Pacific coast. The family has many members in the midwater, deep-sea, and continental slope environments (Miller and Lea 1972, Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). By studying the species that inhabit the continental slope, it is possible to understand how species adapt to this transitional environment between the "true deep sea" and more shallow marine environments. Two-line eel pouts (Bothrocara brunneum) are common to this region, and are the largest of the deep-sea eel pouts (Bayliff 1954, Bayliff 1959, Miller and Lea 1972, Hart 1980), making them a prime candidate for studies to increase our understanding of ecology of fishes ofthis habitat. They are caught frequently in research trawls on the continental slope and as by-catch in several commercial fisheries (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983; Wakefield 1990). They are common at depths of 200 to 1500 m off California, and have been recorded as deep as 1800 m off Oregon (Miller and Lea 1972, Hart 1980, Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). In spite of their relative abundance, few ecological studies of two-line eel pouts have been conducted. 1 Information regarding the diet of two-line eelpouts is scarce. Few researchers have studied the diet of any eelpout species, but many have reported gut contents associated with other descriptive work. These observations indicated eel pouts may consume a variety of benthic invertebrates (Andriiashev 1954, Kliever 1976, Anderson 1980, McAllister et al. 1981, Anderson 1982, Livingston and Gainey 1983, Mauchline and Gordon 1984, Houston and Headrich 1986, Keats et al. 1987). Because prey is presumed scarce in the deep sea, fish living there are typically assumed to employ a generalist feeding strategy (Mayle and Cech 1988). Fitch and Lavenberg (1968) and Gotshall and Dyer (1987) suggested that two-line eelpouts eat almost any organism they encounter that will fit into their mouths. Life span and growth rate of two-line eelpouts are unknown. Fitch' and Lavenberg (1968) claimed that age could not be determined from otoliths of two­ line eelpouts, although they admitted information may be obtained using new techniques. Age and growth estimates determined from whole otoliths are available for only a few eelpout species. Other eelpouts appear to grow rapidly and, for species studied, may reach a maximum age of only five to eight years (Levings 1967, blackbelly eelpout, Lycodopsis pacifica; Kliever 1976, persimmon eelpout, Eucryphycus (=Maynea) californicus; Anderson 1980, pallid eelpout, Lycodapus mandibularis; Lancraft 1982, midwater eelpout, Melanostiqma pammelas). These researchers, however, did not validate age estimates. Therefore, one can only speculate regarding age and growth of other eel pouts species. Reproduction in two-line eelpouts has not been investigated. Studies of 2 other species indicate that eel pouts produce a few large eggs per female (Gotshall 1971, Anderson 1980, La ncr aft 1982). Whether egg production is semi-annual, annual, or less frequent is debated among researchers (Levings 1967, Anderson 1980, Lancraft 1982). In benthic species, eggs may be laid in shallow burrows in sediment (Kendall et al. 1983, Silverberg et al. 1987), or in an eggmass guarded by the parents (Matarese et al. 1989). Because they are rarely collected in plankton nels, it is assumed larvae may become demersal or semi-demersal soon after hatching (Matarese el al. 1989). Consequently, larvae of only four species of this diverse family have been described (Kendall el al. 1983, Matarese et al. 1989). Larvae, presumably two-line eelpout, were found in an egg cluster extracted from sediment cores (Kendall el al. 1983). Such observations indicate this species may have a reproductive strategy similar to other eel pouts. With such a lack of information regarding an abundant species, it was apparent that study of the two-line eel pout was necessary to learn more about how fish species have adapted to survive in the deep sea.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Data on Composition and Distribution of the Barents Sea Ichthyofauna
    International Council for CM 2000Mini: 12 the Exploration of the Sea Mini-Symposium on Defining the Role of ICES in Supporting Biodiversity Conservation NEW DATA ON COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE BARENTS SEA ICHTHYOFAUNA by A.V.Dolgov Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO), 6 Knipovich Street, 1983763, Russia ABSTRACT On the basis of the materials of trawl surveys and PINRO research expeditions, as well as literature data, recent changes in the ichthyofauna of the Barents Sea and adjacent Norwegian Sea areas are described. Data on rare and observed for the first time species are presented. A corrected species list is given. Considerable changes, related to warming-up of the waters, in distribution of fish, especially of boreal Atlantic origin, are shown. The importance of collecting data on all species for fisheries investigations is noted and the necessity of conducting further fauna investigations is emphasized as this will allow to monitor~the status of the Barents Sea ecosystem. INTRODUCTION Conservation of biodiversity in ‘any ecosystem requires precise knowledge about this ecosystem. The Barents Sea (and the adjacent areas of the Norwegian Sea) is one of the most thoroughly studied areas of the World Ocean. However, data on the species composition of this area have not been revised for a long time. Despite a series of reports containing data on the Barents Sea alongside with other areas (Andriyashev, 1954; Andriyashev, Chernova, 1994; Pethon, 1984, 1998), no special list of the Barents Sea fishes is available. One of the sources of information about composition and distribution of ichthyofauna are trawl surveys during which large areas are studied at different depths.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 32(1): 207-212, 1982 BIOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI DEEP SEA EXPEDITIONS, 136. A NEW EELPOUT (TELEOSTEI: ZOARCIDAE) FROM THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN M. Eric Anderson ABSTRACT A new ee]pout, Lycenchelys rnonstrosa, is described from the lower continental slope of the Gulf of Panama, eastern Pacific Ocean. It is distinguished from all other Lycenchelys in the region by possessing nine preopercu]omandibular pores, eight or nine suborbital pores, one postorbital pore, no occipital or interorbital pores, 126-132 vertebrae and far posterior dorsal fin origin, with three to seven free dorsal pterygiophores. The species appears to be somewhat peculiar among eelpouts in that 11 of the 12 known specimens lack pelvic fins; one of the fish without pelvic fins is the only one known with palatine teeth. Both characters have been used at the generic level in eelpouts . The species appears closest to three other congeners with nine preopercu]omandibular pores, known from the North Pacific and Ant- arctic lower slopes. Characters of the new species lend support to earlier conclusions that the deeper living Lycenchelys have undergone morphological modification in a similar man- ner, though they do not necessarily form a monophyletic group. Fishes of the genus Lycenchelys Gill are benthic slope and abyssal dwelling species occurring primarily in boreal seas (Goode and Bean, 1896; Jensen, 1904; Andriashev, ]955; 1958). A few species have penetrated into temperate and polar seas of the southern hemisphere (Regan, ]913; Andriashev and Permitin, ]968; Gosztonyi, 1977; DeWitt and Hureau, ]979). Garman (1899) reported the first collection of eelpouts from eastern tropical Pacific waters and since then no subsequent discoveries have been published.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Mass-Balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center December 2013 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Whitehouse, G. A. 2013. A preliminary mass-balance food web model of the eastern Chukchi Sea. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-262, 162 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-262 Preliminary Mass-balance Food Web Model of the Eastern Chukchi Sea by G. A. Whitehouse1,2 1Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle WA 98115 2Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean University of Washington Box 354925 Seattle WA 98195 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Penny. S. Pritzker, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellowfin Trawling Fish Images 2013 09 16
    Fishes captured aboard the RV Yellowfin in otter trawls: September 2013 Order: Aulopiformes Family: Synodontidae Species: Synodus lucioceps common name: California lizardfish Order: Gadiformes Family: Merlucciidae Species: Merluccius productus common name: Pacific hake Order: Ophidiiformes Family: Ophidiidae Species: Chilara taylori common name: spotted cusk-eel plainfin specklefin Order: Batrachoidiformes Family: Batrachoididae Species: Porichthys notatus & P. myriaster common name: plainfin & specklefin midshipman plainfin specklefin Order: Batrachoidiformes Family: Batrachoididae Species: Porichthys notatus & P. myriaster common name: plainfin & specklefin midshipman plainfin specklefin Order: Batrachoidiformes Family: Batrachoididae Species: Porichthys notatus & P. myriaster common name: plainfin & specklefin midshipman Order: Gasterosteiformes Family: Syngnathidae Species: Syngnathus leptorynchus common name: bay pipefish Order: Scorpaeniformes Family: Scorpaenidae Species: Sebastes semicinctus common name: halfbanded rockfish Order: Scorpaeniformes Family: Scorpaenidae Species: Sebastes dalli common name: calico rockfish Order: Scorpaeniformes Family: Scorpaenidae Species: Sebastes saxicola common name: stripetail rockfish Order: Scorpaeniformes Family: Scorpaenidae Species: Sebastes diploproa common name: splitnose rockfish Order: Scorpaeniformes Family: Scorpaenidae Species: Sebastes rosenblatti common name: greenblotched rockfish juvenile Order: Scorpaeniformes Family: Scorpaenidae Species: Sebastes levis common name: cowcod Order:
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Physiology of the Common Eelpout (Zoarces Viviparus)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Electronic Publication Information Center J Comp Physiol B (2003) 173: 365–378 DOI 10.1007/s00360-003-0342-z ORIGINAL PAPER M. V. Zakhartsev Æ B. De Wachter Æ F. J. Sartoris H. O. Po¨rtner Æ R. Blust Thermal physiology of the common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) Accepted: 7 March 2003 / Published online: 28 May 2003 Ó Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract We investigated the temperature dependence of Mo2 of Z. viviparus from different populations suggests some physiological parameters of common eelpout that a pejus (sub-critical) temperature for this species is (Zoarces viviparus) from different locations (North Sea, about 13–15 °C. In conclusion, the capacity to adjust Baltic Sea and Norwegian Sea) on acclimation temper- aerobic metabolism relates to thermal tolerance and the ature (3 °Cand12°C) and acute temperature variation. bio-geographical distribution of the species. Global The lethal limit of 12 °C-acclimated eelpout was deter- warming would thus be likely to cause a shift in the mined as the critical thermal maximum [loss of equilib- distribution of this species to the North. rium (LE) and onset of muscular spasms (OS)] and it was found to be 26.6 °C for LE and 28.8 °C for OS for Keywords Critical oxygen concentration Æ Critical all populations. However, these parameters do not have temperature Æ Aerobic scope Æ Pejus any relevant ecological interpretation. We therefore temperature Æ Geographical distribution investigated the effect of gradually increased water temperature on standard metabolic rate (measured as Abbreviations CTMax critical thermal maximum Æ Fiv resting oxygen consumption Mo2) and critical oxygen factor of inside volume Æ GT total oxygen conductance Æ concentration ([O2]c) of eelpouts.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography
    UC San Diego Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Title Systematics, Variation, Distribution, And Biology Of Rockfishes Of The Subgenus Sebastomus (Pisces, Scorpaenidae, Sebastes) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g86j50t Author Chen, Lo-Chai Publication Date 1971-06-18 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California SYSTEMATICS, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGY OF ROCKFISHES OF THE SUBGENUS SEBASTOMUS (PISCES, SCORPAENIDAE, SEBASTES) BY LO-CHAI CHEN BULLETIN OF THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA Vol ume 18 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BULLETIN OF THE SCRIPPS INSTTTUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA ADVISORY EDITORS: G. O. S. ARRHENIUS, C. S. Cox, E. W. FACER, C. H. HAND, TODD NEWBERRY, M. B. SCHAEFER, E. L. WINTERER Approved for publication May 15, 1970 Issued June 18, 1971 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD. LONDON, ENGLAND ISBN: 0-520-093-70-4 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 70–631857 [CONTRIBUTION FROM THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, NEW SERIES] © 1971 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Materials and Methods 3 Taxonomy 4 Genus Sebastes Cuvier, 1829 4 Subgenus Sebastomus Gill, 1864 6 Key to north Pacific species referred to subgenus 8 Sebastomus Sebastes constellatus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) 9 Sebastes rosaceus Girard, 1854 11 Sebastes helvomaculatus Ayres, 1859 14 Sebastes simulator, sp. nov. 16 Sebastes ensifer, sp. nov. 19 Sebastes notius, sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings for 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California
    UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93g734v0 Authors Pinkas, Leo Gates, Doyle E Frey, Herbert W Publication Date 1974 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 161 California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California By Leo Pinkas Marine Resources Region and By Doyle E. Gates and Herbert W. Frey > Marine Resources Region 1974 1 Figure 1. Geographical areas used to summarize California Fisheries statistics. 2 3 1. CALIFORNIA MARINE FISH LANDINGS FOR 1972 LEO PINKAS Marine Resources Region 1.1. INTRODUCTION The protection, propagation, and wise utilization of California's living marine resources (established as common property by statute, Section 1600, Fish and Game Code) is dependent upon the welding of biological, environment- al, economic, and sociological factors. Fundamental to each of these factors, as well as the entire management pro- cess, are harvest records. The California Department of Fish and Game began gathering commercial fisheries land- ing data in 1916. Commercial fish catches were first published in 1929 for the years 1926 and 1927. This report, the 32nd in the landing series, is for the calendar year 1972. It summarizes commercial fishing activities in marine as well as fresh waters and includes the catches of the sportfishing partyboat fleet. Preliminary landing data are published annually in the circular series which also enumerates certain fishery products produced from the catch.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Benthic Zoarcids Off the Coast of California
    METABOLIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF BENTHIC ZOARCIDS OFF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNDERGRADUATE DIVISION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 2011 By Erica June Aus Thesis Advisor Jeffrey Drazen I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Global Environmental Science. THESIS ADVISOR _________________________________ Jeffrey Drazen Department of Oceanography ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. It is an honor to have worked with my advisor Dr. Jeffrey Drazen, who has provided invaluable guidance and patience throughout this project. I also want to express my gratitude to both Nicole Condon and Jason Friedman. I wouldn’t have made it this far without their help, every step of the way. Thank you to everyone in the Drazen lab, including Anela Choy, Chris Demarke, and William Misa. Jane Schoonmaker, who has been there since day one of my journey through the Global Environmental Science degree, and provided much needed encouragement and assistance. Last but not least, all of my fellow Global Environmental Science majors who have laughed, cried, and suffered with me along the way. I appreciate all of the support. This research was conducted in accordance with the University of Hawaii Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols. NSF provided funding for this work through a grant to Jeffrey Drazen (OCE 0727135).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Arctic Marine Fishes: Taxonomy and Zoogeography
    Mar Biodiv DOI 10.1007/s12526-010-0070-z ARCTIC OCEAN DIVERSITY SYNTHESIS Biodiversity of arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography Catherine W. Mecklenburg & Peter Rask Møller & Dirk Steinke Received: 3 June 2010 /Revised: 23 September 2010 /Accepted: 1 November 2010 # Senckenberg, Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer 2010 Abstract Taxonomic and distributional information on each Six families in Cottoidei with 72 species and five in fish species found in arctic marine waters is reviewed, and a Zoarcoidei with 55 species account for more than half list of families and species with commentary on distributional (52.5%) the species. This study produced CO1 sequences for records is presented. The list incorporates results from 106 of the 242 species. Sequence variability in the barcode examination of museum collections of arctic marine fishes region permits discrimination of all species. The average dating back to the 1830s. It also incorporates results from sequence variation within species was 0.3% (range 0–3.5%), DNA barcoding, used to complement morphological charac- while the average genetic distance between congeners was ters in evaluating problematic taxa and to assist in identifica- 4.7% (range 3.7–13.3%). The CO1 sequences support tion of specimens collected in recent expeditions. Barcoding taxonomic separation of some species, such as Osmerus results are depicted in a neighbor-joining tree of 880 CO1 dentex and O. mordax and Liparis bathyarcticus and L. (cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene) sequences distributed among gibbus; and synonymy of others, like Myoxocephalus 165 species from the arctic region and adjacent waters, and verrucosus in M. scorpius and Gymnelus knipowitschi in discussed in the family reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Affinities of the Unfathomable Parabrotulidae
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 109 (2017) 337–342 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Short Communication Evolutionary affinities of the unfathomable Parabrotulidae: Molecular data indicate placement of Parabrotula within the family Bythitidae, Ophidiiformes ⇑ Matthew A. Campbell a,b, , Jørgen G. Nielsen c, Tetsuya Sado d, Chuya Shinzato e, Miyuki Kanda f, ⇑ Takashi P. Satoh g, Masaki Miya d, a Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA b Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA c Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark d Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba 260-8682, Japan e Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0485, Japan f DNA Sequencing Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0485, Japan g Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan article info abstract Article history: Fishes are widely diverse in shape and body size and can quite rapidly undergo these changes. Received 3 November 2016 Consequently, some relationships are not clearly resolved with morphological analyses. In the case of Revised 30 January 2017 fishes of small body size, informative characteristics can be absent due to simplification of body struc- Accepted 2 February 2017 tures. The Parabrotulidae, a small family of diminutive body size consisting of two genera and three spe- Available online 6 February 2017 cies has most recently been classified as either a perciform within the suborder Zoarcoidei or an ophidiiform.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Coastal Marine Fishes of California
    STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 157 GUIDE TO THE COASTAL MARINE FISHES OF CALIFORNIA by DANIEL J. MILLER and ROBERT N. LEA Marine Resources Region 1972 ABSTRACT This is a comprehensive identification guide encompassing all shallow marine fishes within California waters. Geographic range limits, maximum size, depth range, a brief color description, and some meristic counts including, if available: fin ray counts, lateral line pores, lateral line scales, gill rakers, and vertebrae are given. Body proportions and shapes are used in the keys and a state- ment concerning the rarity or commonness in California is given for each species. In all, 554 species are described. Three of these have not been re- corded or confirmed as occurring in California waters but are included since they are apt to appear. The remainder have been recorded as occurring in an area between the Mexican and Oregon borders and offshore to at least 50 miles. Five of California species as yet have not been named or described, and ichthyologists studying these new forms have given information on identification to enable inclusion here. A dichotomous key to 144 families includes an outline figure of a repre- sentative for all but two families. Keys are presented for all larger families, and diagnostic features are pointed out on most of the figures. Illustrations are presented for all but eight species. Of the 554 species, 439 are found primarily in depths less than 400 ft., 48 are meso- or bathypelagic species, and 67 are deepwater bottom dwelling forms rarely taken in less than 400 ft.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes-Of-The-Salish-Sea-Pp18.Pdf
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 18 Fishes of the Salish Sea: a compilation and distributional analysis Theodore W. Pietsch James W. Orr September 2015 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce Papers NMFS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientifi c Editor Administrator Richard Langton National Marine Fisheries Service National Marine Northeast Fisheries Science Center Fisheries Service Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Offi ce of Science and Technology Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientifi c Publications Offi ce 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service - The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is published by the Scientifi c Publications Offi ce, National Marine Fisheries Service, The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, fl ora and fauna studies, and data- Seattle, WA 98115. intensive reports on investigations in fi shery science, engineering, and economics. The Secretary of Commerce has Copies of the NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series are available free in limited determined that the publication of numbers to government agencies, both federal and state. They are also available in this series is necessary in the transac- exchange for other scientifi c and technical publications in the marine sciences.
    [Show full text]