Impact of Thane Cyclone Colossal Destruction in Cuddalore
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INFOKARA RESEARCH ISSN NO: 1021-9056 Rabid Assessment: Impact of Thane Cyclone colossal destruction in Cuddalore P. GIRIJA Ph.D Scholar of History, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620 024. Tamil Nadu, India. Dr.T.ASOKAN Assistant professor, Department of History Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24. Abstract: In this article, attempt to understand the impact of Thane cyclone in 2011 and its damage on agriculture, infrastructure such as shelter, sanitation, drinking water, electricity supplies and transportation services. The district was frequently exposing several cyclones including Jal cyclone (2010), Nisha cyclone (2008), Fanoos (2005), also. This study area is frequently exposed by the various kinds of disasters such as Tsunami, cyclone and flood. This article is explains why cyclones are frequently occured in the eastern coastal sites. Keywords: cyclone, massive, damage, crops, cashew, disaster and coastal. 1. Introduction Cyclone is a huge strong wind system which blows around the centre of intense low pressure area. It was called as the local name of the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, but in the Northwest Pacific Ocean they are known as typhoons, and in the Northeast Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic, they are known as hurricanes. Cyclone Thane has the National Disaster in 2011 announced by Indian Meteorological Department. In the past 50 years, the district has never witnessed a strongest cyclone Thane. In Cuddalore vulnerable to cyclones associated with floods particularly in the Post monsoon season of November to December. Further, present study witnessed many cyclone and floods occurred in the district of last 15 years. The consequences of the disaster occurred for the main reason is Ocean temperature varied than Arabian Sea. These events are leads to direct impacts in Storm surges, flood, high winds, inundation, and erosion etc. And also indirect impacts are including the loss of life, causalities, and damages to the properties causing socio economic loss. 2. Study area Cuddalore District is situated in the South Indian State of Tamil Nadu between 11˚ 45’ and 12˚ 27’ of Northern latitude and 78˚ 48’ and 80˚ 12’ of East longitude and covering an area of 3,698,68 sq.km. The district is bounded by Pondicherry and Villupuram on the North, Nagapattinam and Ariyalur on the South, Bay of Bengal on the East and Perambalur District on the West. It has been classified as a multi-hazard prone district. Cuddalore is about 68 km has a Volume 8 Issue 11 2019 1537 http://infokara.com/ INFOKARA RESEARCH ISSN NO: 1021-9056 long coastline, therefore the district is vulnerable to the cyclones and the resultant rains which causing floods. 3. Data Methodology This article deals with Thane cyclone, origin and it impacts in the surrounding areas. Cyclone data is collected by the Regional Meteorological Department (RMD). And also the following data have used. 3.1 Track of Thane cyclone observation Map This map is used for the tracks of cyclone developmental stages, that hit the Cuddalore and other surrounding area in the past along with their landfall points mentioned. 4. Developmental Stage Thane cyclone was the national disaster of 2011, initially developed as a low pressure within the monsoon trough to the west of Indonesia. Over the next couple of days the pressure gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, and was declared a Depression during December 25, before being declared Cyclonic Storm Thane. As it was named, Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure before its development slowed down during December 27, as a strong outflow and marginally favorable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent vertical wind shear. After its development had slowed down during December 27, Thane became a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm during December 28, before as it approached the Indian States of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, it weakened slightly. Then, Thane made landfall on December 30, on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Pondicherry and rapidly weakened into a depression. Cuddalore and Villupuram Districts in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry were the worst affected due to Cyclone Thane. Cyclone Thane, which means 'Eagle' in Myanmar hit landfall in Tamil Nadu at 9am on the 30th of December. The very severe cyclonic storm THANE over southwest Bay of Bengal moved west-southwestward and lay centered at 0530 hrs IST, the 29th December 2011 near latitude 12.30N and longitude 83.00E Cyclone Thane took about three hours to cross coastal Tamil Nadu near Cuddalore and Puducherry: Villagers in the danger zone evacuated to cyclone shelters Volume 8 Issue 11 2019 1538 http://infokara.com/ INFOKARA RESEARCH ISSN NO: 1021-9056 Track of Very Severe Cyclonic Storm, ‘Thane’ over the Bay of Bengal 5. Impact of Thane In Tamil Nadu, the coastal districts of Cuddalore, Villupuram, Tiruvallur, Chennai and Union Territory of Pondicherry were severely affected. Deaths in Cuddalore occurred mainly due to electrocution, falling of trees and collapse of house or walls. A large number of cows, goats and buffaloes were killed in many villages. Trees, lamp posts and electric poles were uprooted, hand-pumps and bore wells have been damaged that lead to water scarcity and lack of safe drinking water. Major roads were blocked in almost all areas of Cuddalore district for a whole week. After the tsunami disaster, a large number of self help groups of women were actively involved in relief and rehabilitation process. They were also active after Nisha Cyclone in 2006. Subsequently these groups have undergone several training programmes on disaster risk reduction offered by SSP and Groots International. These trained women’s groups came together and formed a Federation to work and offer their knowledge on disaster preparedness and risk reduction on a sustained basis. There are two such Women’s Federations; one in Cuddalore and another at Nagapattinam. t least 33 people were killed as cyclone Thane, with a wind speed of 140 kmph, hit the Tamil Nadu coast near Cuddalore on Friday morning, leaving a trail of death and destruction in the state and Puducherry, officials said. The cyclone did not have much impact on Andhra Pradesh coastline. Thousands of people reached relief camps in Cuddalore as the strong wind blew off the thatched roofs of houses. The wind also uprooted hundreds of trees, electric poles, traffic signal Volume 8 Issue 11 2019 1539 http://infokara.com/ INFOKARA RESEARCH ISSN NO: 1021-9056 poles and mobile phone towers in coastal districts in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. A Korean cargo ship OSM Arena anchored out in the sea started drifting towards Chennai shore due to the strong current and wind. The ship is now standing at a safe distance and steps to tow the vessel to safer waters will be taken Saturday. In Chennai, people in low-lying areas were shifted to relief centres and food packets were distributed. Police banned public from venturing out onto the Marina beach as sea waters entered inland, around 500 metres from the shoreline. Boats and nets of fishermen were sucked into the sea due to high tides. Chennai, Nagapattinam and Cuddalore witnessed heavy wind and rain. The sea was rough and inundated some residential areas along the East Coast Road connecting Chennai and Puducherry. Southern Railways rescheduled two trains, cancelled five and diverted five that reach or leave Chennai. The Met Office has also withdrawn the cyclone warning at the ports and for the fishermen along the coast. Chittoor, Tirupati and other towns in Chittoor district received heavy rains. The roads leading to the famous town at Tirumala were deserted. It has been dominated by reports of a major cyclone Thane that lay centered on the 29th December 2011 near latitude 12.30N and longitude 83.00E, about 300 km east-southeast of Chennai (Tamil Nadu) and 480 km north-northeast of Trincomalee (Sri Lanka). Earlier reports related to the cyclone Thane indicate predictions and cyclone warnings made by the IMD for the north of Tamil Nadu and the south Andhra Pradesh coast along with possibility of heavy rains and severe winds and warnings for fishermen to refrain from going into the sea. Later reports indicate that Cyclone Thane has hit the landfall between the Union territory of Puducherry and neighbouring Cuddalore district in Tamil Nadu at about 9 am leaving behind a trail of devastation followed by later reports of weakening of the cyclone activity and predictions of heavy rainfall over Kerala, south interior Karnataka and north interior Tamil Nadu Sl.No Impact of Thane Cyclone -2011 1. Loss of Life Loss of Human 41 Loss of Cattle 343 Loss of Poultry 59423 2. Huts Damage Fully affected 1, 49,536 Partly affected 3, 7,1825 3. Damages to Infrastructure Electricity damage 69, 470 Street Lights 64, 170 4. Damage to Roads Volume 8 Issue 11 2019 1540 http://infokara.com/ INFOKARA RESEARCH ISSN NO: 1021-9056 State, Municipal and 1587 km Panchayat Roads Source: National Disaster Management Authority. According to Disaster Report of 2011, estimates 40 people were the loss of livelihoods. , the Cyclone left huge destruction in terms of livelihood, particularly agricultural livelihood and ripped apart the green cover in these already arid districts. This is apart from loss of industrial livelihood. Further around 750,000 thatched, tiled and asbestoed habitation have been affected over 650 villages. 45,000 electric posts were uprooted creating an electricity and resultant water crisis. In terms of relief apart from the immediate relief the Government of Tamil Nadu has offered INR 5000 (USD 101) per completely destroyed house, INR 2500 (USD 50.5). Loss of life compensation has been estimated at INR 200,000 (USD 4055). For farming losses apart from free seed kit, an amount of INR 8000 (USD 162) has been announced per acre of plantation as one year support.