Haena CBSFA Management Plan Are Provided in Figures 1-4 Below
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Management Plan for the Hā‘ena Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area, Kaua‘i August 2016 Division of Aquatic Resources Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mahalo nui to the following, who supported the Hāʻena CBSFA management planning and rule-making process: Hui Maka‘āinana o Makana Limahuli Garden and Preserve of the National Tropical Botanical Gardens Hanalei to Hā‘ena Community Association Hawai‘i Community Stewardship Network/ KUA (Kua`āina Ulu `Auamo) OHA (Office of Hawaiian Affairs) Harold K. L. Castle Foundation University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Fisheries Ecology Research Lab Atherton Family Foundation Hawai‘i Community Foundation Kulamanu Charitable Fund at the Hawai‘i Community Foundation National Fish & Wildlife Foundation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, William S. Richardson School of Law Hawai`i Conservation Alliance Stanford University's Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources Individuals and organizations who provided input and testimony during the management planning and rule-making process. 2 ABBREVIATIONS CBSFA: Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area DAR: Division of Aquatic Resources DLNR: Department of Land and Natural Resources BLNR: Board of Land and Natural Resources DOBOR: Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation DOCARE: Division of Conservation and Resources Enforcement HRS: Hawai‘i Revised Statutes HAR: Hawai‘i Administrative Rules SLH: Session Laws of Hawai‘i 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area Designations .................................. 6 Hā‘ena CBSFA Background ........................................................................................................... 7 Hā‘ena CBSFA Management Plan Purpose ................................................................................. 10 Hāʻena CBSFA Site Description .................................................................................................. 10 Historical Description ............................................................................................................... 10 Geographic Location ................................................................................................................. 14 Hāʻena CBSFA Management Goals and Objectives .................................................................... 18 Hāʻena CBSFA Management Activities ....................................................................................... 18 Regulated Activities .................................................................................................................. 18 Specially Permitted Activities ................................................................................................... 18 Methods Of Enforcement .......................................................................................................... 20 Division of Conservation and Resources Enforcement .................................................... 20 Makai Watch ..................................................................................................................... 20 Environmental Court ......................................................................................................... 21 Education and Outreach ............................................................................................................ 21 Monitoring and Evaluation Processes ....................................................................................... 22 Monitoring ........................................................................................................................ 22 Evaluation and Adaptive Learning ................................................................................... 22 Procedures for Resolving User Conflicts .................................................................................. 23 Collaborative Resolution .................................................................................................. 23 Legal Resolution ............................................................................................................... 24 Methods of Funding .................................................................................................................. 24 Legislative Funding .......................................................................................................... 24 Partner Collaborations ...................................................................................................... 24 Support Community-Based Co-Management Efforts ....................................................... 24 Management of Other Threats to Subsistence Fishing Resources ............................................ 25 Appendix A: Management Plan Framework for the Hā‘ena CBSFA........................................... 26 Appendix B: Frequently Asked CBSFA Questions and Answers .............................................. 27 4 Appendix C: ACT 241 Establishing the Hā‘ena CBSFA ........................................................... 30 Appendix D: Hawaiʻi Administrative Rules Chapter 13-60.8 for Hā‘ena CBSFA .................... 36 Appendix E: Overview of Hā‘ena CBSFA Planning Process (2006 - 2015) ............................... 52 Appendix F: Summary of Stakeholder Consultations (2006 - 2015) ........................................... 54 Appendix G: Research Informing Hāʻena CBSFA Management Planning ................................ 59 Hāʻena Specific Research Studies ............................................................................................. 59 Research on Traditional and Customary Practices of Hā‘ena .......................................... 59 Hāʻena Human Use Studies .............................................................................................. 60 Hāʻena Catch per Unit Effort Research ............................................................................ 60 Hāʻena Marine Ecological Assessments ........................................................................... 60 Other Research .......................................................................................................................... 61 Introduced Alien Aquatic Fish Species............................................................................. 61 Commercial Catch Reports ............................................................................................... 63 Appendix H: 2010 Hāʻena CBSFA Human Use Study ............................................................. 71 Appendix I: 2010 Hā‘ena Catch Per Unit Effort Study ............................................................... 75 Appendix J: 2011 Hā‘ena Reef Fish Assessment ...................................................................... 79 Appendix K: 2013-2014 Hāʻena Reef Fish Assessment .............................................................. 82 Appendix L: Special Activity Permit Activties with Delegated Approval Authority ................. 95 Appendix M: 2011 Community-based Management Proposal for the Hā‘ena CBSFA .............. 96 5 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY-BASED SUBSISTENCE FISHING AREA DESIGNATIONS In the early 1990s, Governor John Waiheʻe convened a Task Force to determine the importance of subsistence living on Moloka‘i, identify problems affecting subsistence practices, and recommend policies and programs to improve the situation. As a result of the task force’s policy recommendations, the legislature passed Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes (HRS) §188-22.6 in 1994 through Act 271, giving the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) the authority to designate and manage community-based subsistence fishing areas (CBSFAs) to protect and reaffirm fishing practices customarily and traditionally exercised for purposes of native Hawaiian subsistence, culture, and religion. The measure was intended to provide the DLNR with a means to effectuate its duty under Article XII Section 7 of the Hawai‘i State Constitution to “protect all rights, customarily and traditionally exercised for subsistence, cultural and religious purposes and possessed by ahupua‘a1 tenants who are descendants of native Hawaiians who inhabited the Hawaiian islands prior to 1778, subject to the right of the State to regulate such rights.” Under HRS §188-22.6, community groups or organizations may propose a CBSFA designation, including a management plan and associated regulatory recommendations, to the DLNR for consideration, and the DLNR may carry out fishery management strategies for these areas by adopting rules in accordance with the administrative rule-making procedures for state agencies outlined in HRS Chapter 91. The best way to understand CBSFA designation is through the lens of the Hawaiian value of aloha ‘āina, which emphasizes the connection between the environment and communities, whereby if you care for the environment, the environment will care for you. CBSFAs represent an agency-recognized avenue for local community groups to mālama i ke kai (take care of the ocean) by proposing management measures informed by traditional and customary fishing and management practices that were integral to sustaining the health and abundance of marine resources for generations in the Hawaiian Islands. In this way, CBSFA designation represents a collaborative co-management approach to fisheries management that is place-based, community- driven, and culturally rooted. 1 The ahupua‘a