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Download Date 06/10/2021 05:40:25 Late Precambrian to Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Colombian Andes, based on new geochronological geochemical and isotopic data. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Restrepo, Pedro Alonso. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 05:40:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187450 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back ofthe book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A BeD &. Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313n61-4700 800/521-0600 LATE PRECAMBRIAN TO EARLY MESOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE COLOMBIAN ANDES, BASED ON NEW GEOCHRONOLOGICAL GEOCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC DATA by Pedro A. Restrepo Copyright © Pedro A. Restrepo 19~5 A Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNNERSITY OF ARIZONA 1995 UM! Number: 9624154 Copyright 1995 by Restrepo, Pedro Alonso All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9624154 Copyright 1996, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ® GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Pedro Alonso Restrepo-Pace ----------------------~------------- entitled ------------------------------------------------------------LATE PRECAMBRIAN TO EARLY MESOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE COLOMBIAN ANDES, BASED ON NEW GEOCHRONOLOGICAL GEOCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC DATA it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation Doctor of Philosophy Date IS lAt;U 'is Date Suzanne Baldwin Date ~cJ (4 · tts AG~ Date (ri'Vb\f (f Jr- Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I her I have read this dissertation prepared under my direc that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation tor Date 3 STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ~_~_ 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During 1993's summer field session a farmer approached me one day and asked the obvious question: II what could possibly intrigue you so much that makes you come to such remote areas of Colombia to hammer rocks every single day???". After I informed this man that I was not searching for gold or emeralds and going out of my way to explain what I was attempting to elucidate, he simply giggled and replied : II I have no time for such nonsense, I have to feed my family ..... ". I could not be more grateful to life in general. Circumstances have permitted me to pursue and fulfill my intellectual curiosity in the most ideal of settings. I am greatly indebted to my parents who have provided me with the highest level of education and have raised me in a highly stimulating environment. I also have to be grateful to my brother who has and continues to be a motivating force and an example. Now, the single best thing that happened to me in the course of these six years was that, during the 1994 field session I met my wife Juliana. She should be granted at least a M. Sc. in Geology ( honoris CQusa- pazienza ). She became my right hand, rock crusher and mineral separator. Without her help, support and patience I would not been able to finish this dissertation. Moreover she constantly stimulated me with her endless happiness and positive attitude. Now, speaking of luxuries: Joaquin Ruiz as an advisor. Not only did he cover the fundamentals of an excellent academic advisor. He unconditionally supported me during my 5 studies in Arizona. Most important is that he became a friend, together with his family Bernadette and Peter. Special thanks go to the 'Bogota Cartel' : Diego, Emesto and Guillermo for their logistical support in Colombia. To Peter Coney I will always be grateful for personally 'opening the door' to me in Arizona ( and to graduate school in the States for that matter). To Mike Cosca for generously helping me gather the bulk of my data and for all the help in Lausanne. To Susanne Baldwin for permitting me to use the mineral separation lab and for having mercy on my Ar / Ar data. To George Gehrels for his field geology teachings and for his help in providing the U/Pb ages. To John Patchett for his harsh short-term yet positive long-term critique. To James Gleason for the Sm/Nd analyses. Helena and Bo for their academic logistical support. Finally I want to thank all of my friends of the 'Gran Combo' Lukas, Helge , Patricia, Marta, Andres, Elena, Joel, Diana and Sergio. We certainly had the best of times together. 6 A Juliana, mi Madre, mi Padre y mi Hermano 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. LIST FIGURES ................................................... 11 II. LIST OF TABLES ................................................14 III. ABSTRACT/RESUMEN ........................................15 IV. INTRODUCTION .............................................19 Results from this study...................................... 22 General background geology.. .. .. .. .. .... ............ ... 23 Previous work: Precambrian. .. ....................................25 Lower Paleozoic sediments. .. .. ......................26 Lower Paleozoic metamorphics. .. .. .................27 Lower Paleozoic intrusives. .. ........... ...........28 Middle Paleozoic sediments. ... ...... ...............29 Middle Paleozoic intrusives. .. .. .....................30 Upper Paleozoic sediments. .. ........ ..............30 Upper Paleozoic intrusives. .. ......................31 Figure captions................................................ 32 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS-continued V. DISTRIBUTION AND PETRO-TECTONIC CHARACTER OF THEGRENVILLE AGE BASEMENT IN THE COLOMBIAN ANDES. .. 45 Abstract. .. ............................................ ...45 Introduction..... , .............................. _... _. _....... 46 Analytical methods. .. .. _.................. _.............. 47 Garzon massif.... _. ............ _.... _. _....... _ .... " .......47 Santander massif.... _. ........................ _... _. _.. .. ..51 Santa Marta massif.... " ... _....................... _ .......... 53 Tectonic implications ........................... _.............. 54 Figure captions. .. ......................... _.. _............ 57 ~.GEOLOGYANDGEOCHRONOLOGYOFTHE SANTANDER MASSIF...................................... 83 Abstract. .. ........ _..................................... 83 Introduction.......................... _.......... _.... , .... 84 Stratigraphy..... , .. _...................... _................ 86 Structure. .. ............................................88 Petrologic character of basement. .. ....................... 91 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS-continued Geochronology..... , ....................................... 94 Discussion of geochronological data. .. 95 Regional time-space basement correlatives. .. ............. 100 Figure captions.... " ...................................... 102 VII. SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY.................. 143 VIII. TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF NW ANDES FROM LATE PRECAMBRIAN TO EARLY MESOZOIC TIME ................ 144 Time slices: 1.3 - 1.1 Ga ............................................ 145 1.1 - 0.9 Ga ...........................................
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