DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematics, Ecology and Biology of Cirrate Octopods: Workshop Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematics, Ecology and Biology of Cirrate Octopods: Workshop Report BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 71(1): 79–94, 2002 SYSTEMATICS, ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF CIRRATE OCTOPODS: WORKSHOP REPORT Michael Vecchione and Martin A. Collins with an Appendix by Michael J. Sweeney Cirrate octopods are conspicuous members of the benthopelagic and bathypelagic com- munities and include some of the largest invertebrates of the deep-sea. Although they have often been considered to be rare members of deep-sea communities, recent trawling has shown that the relative abundance of some cirrates, especially opisthoteuthids, may be locally or regionally high (e.g., Boyle et al., 1998). Cirrates also are presumed to be primitive, morphologically similar to ancestral octopods (Young et al., 1998), although recent observations indicate unexpected adaptations such as bioluminescence (Johnsen et al., 1999) and possibly diverse feeding modes (Vecchione and Young, 1997). There- fore, knowledge of cirrates may contribute substantially to understanding cephalopod evolution as well as deep-sea biology and ecology. However, because they are fragile, the condition of specimens collected up until the past decade generally has been very poor, and our knowledge of the group is rudimentary. New methods, such as videotapes re- corded in-situ and gentle collection by submersibles, have allowed substantial new ob- servations and renewed interest in the group. WORKSHOP FORMAT Participation in the cirrate workshop was by invitation only and was limited to re- searchers actively working on cirrates. A few members of the world’s rare and widely dispersed community of cirrate specialists were unable to attend, resulting in participa- tion by 20 researchers from 8 countries (Appendix 1). Many of the participants expressed interest in making a presentation to the group. The two days devoted to the workshop were therefore divided into morning and afternoon sessions. The morning sessions fo- cused on brief, informal presentations, freely interspersed with discussion. Nineteen top- ics were thus presented, ranging from evolution based on morphological and molecular systematics, through direct observations of behavior, to translation and discussion of classic cirrate literature. Many of these topics have been formalized as manuscripts and several are published in this volume (e.g., Villanueva et al., 2002). During afternoon sessions the participants separated into working groups to focus their attention on the following top- ics: (1) taxonomy and systematics, (2) behavior and functional anatomy, (3) biology, growth, and feeding, and (4) distribution and abundance. Along with detailed discus- sions, these afternoon breakout sessions allowed workers to examine well-preserved speci- mens of many cirrate taxa and to review videotapes that had been shown all too briefly during the morning presentations. Assembling a ‘critical mass’ of workers enhances the effectiveness of their individual research. This workshop allowed cirrate researchers from around the world to share the recent progress they have made and to discuss possible differences in interpretations. Such observations and interpretations were discussed in light of many recent publica- tions on cirrates. In particular, much discussion focused on stabilizing cirrate systemat- 79 80 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 71, NO. 1, 2002 Table 1. Recommendations for analysis, fixation and preservation of cirrate octopods. Particularly when the identification of specimens is not known. Submersible observation and capture 1. Video for short period prior to capture attempt. Check for bioluminescence if possible. 2. Capture gently and bring to surface. 3. Recommend use of special gelatinous zooplankton sampler (Contact Jay Hunt) Trawl and submersible caught specimens on the surface 1. Check for bioluminescence. Place in chilled sea-water in dark room. Stimulate mechanically to determine if light is produced. 2. Remove tissue sample for DNA/molecular analysis and place in 80% ethanol. 3. Take basic measurements. (total length, mantle length, head width, arm lengths, fin lengths, fin span, cirri length, weight). 4 . Take photographs of fresh specimens (dorsal, ventral and oral views), covered in seawater with polarised filter. 5. Collect eggs from distal oviduct and incubate in cold sea-water. 6. Obtain kidney smears. 7. Fix in 10% buffered formalin for minimum of 24 hrs. 8. Transfer to Steadmans solution (2.5% formalin, 1% propylene phenoxitol, 10% propylene glycol, made up in sea-water) for storage. ics, which currently is in disarray (Appendix 2). Other questions for which discussions were productive ranged from the very basic (e.g., What are the best methods for fixation and preservation? See Table 1) to complex problems (such as variation in functional morphology of feeding). Although two days was not enough time to resolve this broad range of problems, we feel that substantial progress was made, particularly by facilitation of communications among researchers who are usually widely scattered across the globe. One tool that proved to be especially useful throughout these deliberations was a sum- mary of the current status of cirrate nomenclature, prepared for the workshop by Michael Sweeney of the Smithsonian Institution, who unfortunately was unable to travel to Scot- land. We present an abridged version of the summary (Appendix 2) so that it can continue to be of use to researchers who are interested in these fascinating but difficult cephalo- pods. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The workshop was funded by the CEC under contract number QLAM-PL1999-30001. LITERATURE CITED Boyle, P. R., M. A. Collins and G. R. Williamson. 1998. The cephalopod by-catch of deep-water trawling on the Hebrides slope. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 78: 1023–1026. Johnsen, S., E. J. Balser and E. A. Widder. 1999. Light-emitting suckers in an octopus. Nature 397: 113–114. Vecchione, M. and R. E. Young. 1997. Aspects of the functional morphology of cirrate octopods: Locomotion and feeding. Vie Milieu 47: 101–110. Villanueva, R., M. A. Collins, P. Sanchez and N. A. Voss. 2002. Systematics and distribution in the Atlantic Ocean of the cirrate octopods of the genus Opisthoteuthis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda), with description of two new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. (this issue). CIRRATE OCTOPODS WORKSHOP REPORT 81 Young, R. E., M. Vecchione and D. T. Donovan. 1998.The evolution of coleoid cephalopods and their present biodiversity and ecology. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 20: 393–420. ADDRESSES: (M.V.) National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560 USA. E-mail: <[email protected]>. (M.A.C.) Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TN, Scotland, UK. E-mail: <[email protected]>. APPENDIX 1 REGISTERED WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS Slava Bizikov, Russia Peter Boyle, UK Martin Collins, UK Heather Daly, UK Ian Gleadall, Japan Angel Guerra, Spain Eric Hochberg, US Cendrine Hudelot, France Jay Hunt, Japan Tsunemi Kubodera, Japan C.C. Lu, Taiwan Kir Nesis, Russia Chingis Nigmatullin, Russia Martina Roeleveld, South Africa Clyde Roper, US Pilar Sanchez, Spain Mike Vecchione, US Roger Villanueva, Spain Janet Voight, US Dick Young, US 82 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 71, NO. 1, 2002 APPENDIX 2 NOMINAL TAXA OF CIRRATE OCTOPODS Michael J. Sweeney To assist the individuals participating in the Cirrate Workshop at CIAC 2000 with the daunting task of updating cirrate systematics and biology, the following data are com- piled: (1) Nominal genus-level taxa with taxon, author, date of publication and pagination; current systematics status of the taxon fide the most recent review; type species of the taxon with author, date and designation. (2) Nominal species-level with taxon, author, date of publication, pagination, and illus- trations; current systematics status fide the most recent published review of the taxon; type repository with museum acronym, type designation and catalog number fide pub- lished type catalogs; published type locality for the taxon and water depth (or capture depth); remarks if required. (3) Genera introduced in cirrate families but now known to be non-cirrate (exclusively synonymized with Vampyroteuthis). (4) Acronyms and addresses for museum where cirrate types are deposited; published type catalogs of cephalopods for the respective museums are given in brackets. (5) References for literature cited within. NOMINAL GENUS-LEVEL TAXA Chunioteuthis Grimpe, 1916:355 CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS.—synonym of Stauroteuthis Verrill, 1879 [fide Collins and Henriques (2000:690)] TYPE SPECIES.—Chunioteuthis ebersbachii Grimpe, 1916 by monotypy. Cirroctopus Naef, 1923:675 CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS.— valid genus [fide O’Shea (1999:34)] TYPE SPECIES.— Stauroteuthis mawsoni Berry, 1917 by original designation Cirroteuthis Eschricht, 1836:633 CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS.— valid genus [fide Voss (1988b:266)] TYPE SPECIES.— Cirroteuthis muelleri Eschricht, 1836 by monotypy (Cirroteuthopsis) Grimpe, 1920:233 CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS.— synonym of Opisthoteuthis Verrill, 1883 [fide Villanueva et al. {this issue}] TYPE SPECIES.— Cirroteuthis (Cirroteuthopsis) massyae Grimpe, 1920 by monotypy. Cirrothauma Chun, 1911:5 CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS.— valid genus [fide Voss (1988b:267)] TYPE SPECIES.— Cirrothauma murrayi Chun, 1911 by monotypy CIRRATE OCTOPODS WORKSHOP REPORT 83 Cirrothauma Chun, 1913:22 CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS.— preoccupied in Chun (1911) Enigmatiteuthis O’Shea, 1999:47 CURRENT SYSTEMATIC STATUS.— taxon not yet reviewed TYPE SPECIES.— Enigmatiteuthis innominata
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Marine Biology Research Biodiversity in Concert: Common, Uncommon
    This article was downloaded by: On: 11 February 2010 Access details: Access Details: Free Access Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 M ortim er Street, London W lT 3JH, UK Marine Biology Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713735885 Marine Biology Research former# Santa tNrfQMMo Biodiversity in concert: Common, uncommon, and new species Tom Fenchel; Franz Uiblein Online publication date: 09 December 2009 To cite this ArticleFenchel, Tom and Uiblein, Franz(2010) 'Biodiversity in concert: Common, uncommon, and new species', Marine Biology Research, 6: 1, 1 — 5 To link to this Article: DOI:10.1080/17451000903468856 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000903468856 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Bulletin 152. Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito in California Waters
    UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin 152. Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito In California Waters Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t5868rd Authors Pinkas, Leo Oliphant, Malcolm S Iverson, Ingrid L.K. Publication Date 1970-06-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 152 Food Habits of Albacore, Bluefin Tuna, and Bonito In California Waters By Leo Pinkas , Malcolm S. Oliphant, and Ingrid L. K. Iverson 1971 1 2 ABSTRACT The authors investigated food habits of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, and bonito, Sarda chiliensis, in the eastern North Pacific Ocean during 1968 and 1969. While most stomach samples came from fish caught commercially off southern California and Baja California, some came from fish taken in central Califor- nia, Oregon, and Washington waters. Standard procedures included enumeration of food items, volumetric analysis, and measure of frequency of occur- rence. The authors identified the majority of forage organisms to the specific level through usual taxonomic methods for whole animals. Identification of partially digested animals was accomplished through the use of otoliths for fish, beaks for cephalopods, and the exoskeleton for invertebrates. A pictorial guide to beaks of certain eastern Pacific cephalopods was prepared and proved helpful in identifying stomach contents. This guide is presented in this publication. The study indicates the prominent forage for bluefin tuna, bonito, and albacore in California waters is the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Food Habits Study of Organisms of the California Current System, (Project 6–7-R), was an investigation estab- lished under contract between the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Xoimi AMERICAN COXCIIOLOGY
    S31ITnS0NIAN MISCEllANEOUS COLLECTIOXS. BIBLIOGIIAPHY XOimi AMERICAN COXCIIOLOGY TREVIOUS TO THE YEAR 18G0. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BY . W. G. BINNEY. PART II. FOKEIGN AUTHORS. WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. JUNE, 1864. : ADYERTISEMENT, The first part of the Bibliography of American Conchology, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. Binuey, was published in March, 1863, and embraced the references to de- scriptions of shells by American authors. The second part of the same work is herewith presented to the public, and relates to species of North American shells referred to by European authors. In foreign works binomial authors alone have been quoted, and no species mentioned which is not referred to North America or some specified locality of it. The third part (in an advanced stage of preparation) will in- clude the General Index of Authors, the Index of Generic and Specific names, and a History of American Conchology, together with any additional references belonging to Part I and II, that may be met with. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. Washington, June, 1864. (" ) PHILADELPHIA COLLINS, PRINTER. CO]^TENTS. Advertisement ii 4 PART II.—FOREIGN AUTHORS. Titles of Works and Articles published by Foreign Authors . 1 Appendix II to Part I, Section A 271 Appendix III to Part I, Section C 281 287 Appendix IV .......... • Index of Authors in Part II 295 Errata ' 306 (iii ) PART II. FOEEIGN AUTHORS. ( V ) BIBLIOGRxVPHY NOETH AMERICAN CONCHOLOGY. PART II. Pllipps.—A Voyage towards the North Pole, &c. : by CON- STANTiNE John Phipps. Loudou, ITTJc. Pa. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF [part II. FaliricillS.—Fauna Grcenlandica—systematice sistens ani- malia GrcEulandite occidentalis liactenus iudagata, &c., secun dum proprias observatioues Othonis Fabricii.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Cephalopod Distributions and Their Associated Predatorspor 146 209..227 Kathleen Gardiner & Terry A
    Arctic cephalopod distributions and their associated predatorspor_146 209..227 Kathleen Gardiner & Terry A. Dick Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Keywords Abstract Arctic Ocean; Canada; cephalopods; distributions; oceanography; predators. Cephalopods are key species of the eastern Arctic marine food web, both as prey and predator. Their presence in the diets of Arctic fish, birds and mammals Correspondence illustrates their trophic importance. There has been considerable research on Terry A. Dick, Biological Sciences, University cephalopods (primarily Gonatus fabricii) from the north Atlantic and the west of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, side of Greenland, where they are considered a potential fishery and are taken Canada. E-mail: [email protected] as a by-catch. By contrast, data on the biogeography of Arctic cephalopods are doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00146.x still incomplete. This study integrates most known locations of Arctic cepha- lopods in an attempt to locate potential areas of interest for cephalopods, and the predators that feed on them. International and national databases, museum collections, government reports, published articles and personal communica- tions were used to develop distribution maps. Species common to the Canadian Arctic include: G. fabricii, Rossia moelleri, R. palpebrosa and Bathypolypus arcticus. Cirroteuthis muelleri is abundant in the waters off Alaska, Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Although distribution data are still incomplete, groupings of cephalopods were found in some areas that may be correlated with oceanographic variables. Understanding species distributions and their interactions within the ecosys- tem is important to the study of a warming Arctic Ocean and the selection of marine protected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Opisthoteuthis Californiana Berry!
    New Records and Observations on the Flapjack Devilfish, Opisthoteuthis californiana Berry! WALTER T. PEREYRA 2 IN JUNE 1961 the U. S. Bureau of Commercial respect to the development of secondary sexual Fisheries joined with the Atomic Energy Com­ characteristics ( Berry, 1954 and 1955 ) . The mission to undertake an investigation of the four specimens reported by Berry (two mature deep-water ocean fauna in the area contiguous females, one mature male, and a juvenile fe­ to the Columbia River mouth at depths from male ) represent the only previous records of 50 to 1050 fathoms (91-1920 m). The main this species known to the author. objectives of this project are to describe the Throughout the world, six other species of benthic fish and invertebrate communities in­ this genus have been described . Two species habiting the study area, and to define their are known from the Atlantic (the genus type bathymetric distribution on a temporal basis. O. agassizii Verrill, 1883 and an apparent pe­ Associated with the faunal investigation is a lagic species, O. m edusoides Thiele, 1915), one monitoring of the various demersal forms to from the Indian ocean off the west coast of evaluate the biological transport of radionucle­ Sumatra ( 0 . extensa Thiele, 1915 ), two from ids which may have their origin in Columbia Australian waters ( 0. persephone Berry, 1918 River waters. and O. pluto Berry, 1918), and one which has Thirty-one specimens of the flapjack devil­ been taken repeatedly in Japanese waters ( 0 . fish, Opisthoteuthis californiana, have been depressa Ijima and Ikeda, 1895). captured since initiation of the field program Despite wide interest in the taxonomy and in 1961.
    [Show full text]
  • Spineless Spineless Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E
    Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Spineless Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates of the world’s Status and trends Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Disclaimer The designation of the geographic entities in this report, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expressions of any opinion on the part of ZSL, IUCN or Wildscreen concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Citation Collen B, Böhm M, Kemp R & Baillie JEM (2012) Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates. Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom ISBN 978-0-900881-68-8 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (paperback) 978-0-900881-70-1 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (online version) Editors Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Zoological Society of London Founded in 1826, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is an international scientifi c, conservation and educational charity: our key role is the conservation of animals and their habitats. www.zsl.org International Union for Conservation of Nature International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) helps the world fi nd pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. www.iucn.org Wildscreen Wildscreen is a UK-based charity, whose mission is to use the power of wildlife imagery to inspire the global community to discover, value and protect the natural world.
    [Show full text]
  • Vampire Squid Final
    An Examination regarding the Phylogenetic Position of Vampyroteuthis infernalis Printing: Alex Dutton, Chase Klungle, Jake Nymeyer This poster is 48” wide by 36” high. It’s designed to be printed on a INTRODUCTION METHODS RESULTS large Vampire squid: • Research included 43 in-class taxa with one additional in-class outgroup. • Vampyroteuthis infernalis, “the living fossil” is found nested in-between the Vampyroteuthis infernalis, or the Vampire Squid, is a cephalopod found deep in the • Cross examination of two genes was implemented (H3 and Ribosomal 28s genes). suborder Cirrata (Octopuses) and the Order Oegopsida (squid) while exhibiting characteristics of both. ocean. It has 8 arms connected by a webbing or “cape,” and is typically black in color • Individual gene processing was accomplished utilizing Phylogeny.fr wherein: with red eyes. These attributes led to it being called a vampire (not because it drinks alignment of data was processed by MUSCLE, curation by Gblocks, Phylogeny analysis • This data shows V. infernalis as being contained within the monophyletic Customizing the Content: blood). This species exhibits traits that appear in both octopus and squid families by PhyML + aLRT, and initial tree rendering by TreeDyn. supergroup Octopodiformes. which results in a one-of-a-kind organism. However, the phylogenetic position of V. • SequenceMatrix was employed to combine the aligned gene sequences. • We can also note the increased evolutionary distance between V. infernalis and infernalis has yet to be truly defined. Some researchers believe that it aligns better squids as opposed to their closeness in previous research. The placeholders in this with squids while others side with its closeness to octopuses.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights Report with Live Links
    CENSUS OF MARINE LIFE MAKING OCEAN LIFE COUNT www.coml.org Census of Marine Life Projects Information System: OBIS Nearshore: NaGISA Coral Reefs: CReefs Regional Ecosystems: GoMA Continental Shelves: POST Continental Margins: COMARGE Abyssal Plains: CeDAMar Mid-Ocean Ridges: MAR-ECO Seamounts: CenSeam Vents and Seeps: ChEss Arctic Ocean: ArcOD Antarctic Ocean: CAML Top Predators: TOPP Zooplankton: CMarZ Microbes: ICoMM Oceans Past: HMAP Oceans Future: FMAP National and Regional Implementation Committees Australia Canada Caribbean China Europe Japan Indian Ocean Indonesia South Korea South America Sub-Saharan Africa United States Like an underwater spaceship, a jellyfish,Aequorea macrodactyla, travels through the warm, clear waters of the Celebes Sea in the Western Pacific Ocean. The jellyfish was but one of thousands of specimens photographed during a three-week Census expedition to explore this highly diverse area. Photo: Larry Madin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A Truly Global Endeavor The Census of Marine Life is a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations engaged in a ten-year scientific initiative to assess and ex- plain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans. The world’s first com- prehensive Census of Marine Life—past, present, and future—will be released in 2010. The Census gratefully acknowledges the financial support of numerous governments and organiza- tions from around the world. Moreover, many of the highlights in this report were only realized through the generous collaborative spirit and un- precedented cooperation of Census researchers and their international colleagues. A complete list of Census sponsors, funding partners, collaborat- ing institutions, and participating individuals is available at www.coml.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure and Function of the Digestive System in Molluscs
    Cell and Tissue Research (2019) 377:475–503 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03085-9 REVIEW Structure and function of the digestive system in molluscs Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha1,2 Received: 21 February 2019 /Accepted: 26 July 2019 /Published online: 2 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest and more diversified among metazoan phyla, comprising many thousand species living in ocean, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Mollusc-feeding biology is highly diverse, including omnivorous grazers, herbivores, carnivorous scavengers and predators, and even some parasitic species. Consequently, their digestive system presents many adaptive variations. The digestive tract starting in the mouth consists of the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach and intestine ending in the anus. Several types of glands are associated, namely, oral and salivary glands, oesophageal glands, digestive gland and, in some cases, anal glands. The digestive gland is the largest and more important for digestion and nutrient absorption. The digestive system of each of the eight extant molluscan classes is reviewed, highlighting the most recent data available on histological, ultrastructural and functional aspects of tissues and cells involved in nutrient absorption, intracellular and extracellular digestion, with emphasis on glandular tissues. Keywords Digestive tract . Digestive gland . Salivary glands . Mollusca . Ultrastructure Introduction and visceral mass. The visceral mass is dorsally covered by the mantle tissues that frequently extend outwards to create a The phylum Mollusca is considered the second largest among flap around the body forming a space in between known as metazoans, surpassed only by the arthropods in a number of pallial or mantle cavity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Coleoid Cephalopods Inferred from Molecular Evolutionary Analyses of the Cytochrome C Oxidase I, Muscle Actin, and Cytoplasmic Actin Genes
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1998 The phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods inferred from molecular evolutionary analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase I, muscle actin, and cytoplasmic actin genes David Bruno Carlini College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Genetics Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Carlini, David Bruno, "The phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods inferred from molecular evolutionary analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase I, muscle actin, and cytoplasmic actin genes" (1998). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539616597. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-3pyk-f023 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    Vol. 5: 13–22, 2009 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Printed March 2009 doi: 10.3354/ab00117 Aquat Biol Published online February 3, 2009 OPEN ACCESS Vertical distribution, behavior, chemical composition and metabolism of Stauroteuthis syrtensis (Octopoda: Cirrata) in the northwest Atlantic Charles A. Jacoby1,*, Marsh J. Youngbluth2, Jessica R. Frost1, 8, Per R. Flood3, Franz Uiblein4, Ulf Båmstedt5, Francesc Pagès6,†, David Shale7 1University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32653, USA 2Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution at Florida Atlantic University, 5600 Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA 3Bathybiologica A/S, Gerhard Grans vei 58, 5081 Bergen, Norway 4Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 33, PB 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway 5Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Norrbyn, 910 20 Hörnefors, Sweden 6Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain 714 Victoria Avenue, Swanage, Dorset BH19 1AN, UK 8Present address: Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany ABSTRACT: The cirrate octopod Stauroteuthis syrtensis is a mesopelagic species commonly collected in the North Atlantic. Individuals were observed at depths >600 m and typically within 100 m of the bot- tom in three ~900 m deep canyons indenting the southern edge of Georges Bank. When first sighted, most octopods were floating passively with their webbed arms gathered into a small ball. When dis- turbed, they expanded their webs to form a ‘balloon’ shape, swam slowly by sculling their fins, pulsed their webs like medusae and, in some cases, streamlined their arms and webs and moved away smoothly by rapidly sculling their fins. The bodies of 9 octopods comprised 92 to 95% water, with tissue containing 9 to 22% carbon (C) and 2 to 4% nitrogen (N).
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural Observations of the Cephalopod Vulcanoctopus Hydrothermalis
    Cah. Biol. Mar. (2002) 43 : 299-302 Behavioural observations of the cephalopod Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis Francisco ROCHA1*, Ángel F. GONZÁLEZ1, Michel SEGONZAC2, and Ángel GUERRA1 (1) ECOBIOMAR. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC). Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain. (2) IFREMER/EP-CENTOB, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané Cedex, France. * Corresponding author: Fax: (34) 986 29 27 62. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction Material and methods The hydrothermal vent ecosystem is inhabited by poorly The French manned submersible “Nautile” filmed several known species of deep-sea octopuses (Lutz & Voight, specimens of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis in their natural 1994). Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis González & Guerra, environment associated with high temperature hydrothermal 1998, is the only described cephalopod from a hydrothermal vent in the East Pacific Rise (12°48.43’N-103°56.41’W; vent (González et al., 1998). Little is known about this small 2600 to 2650 m depth). Observations were carried out benthic octopus, up to 35 mm mantle length, with a during the French cruise “HOPE 99” (7 April to 22 May, muscular and semi-translucent body, lack of any type of 1999) on board of the R/V l’Atalante and organized by the chromatic elements in the skin and eye with no trace of an CNRS and IFREMER (URM7), Chief Scientist François Lallier. A total of 26 dives were undertaken on ten active iris (González et al., 1998). Its morphology was studied by hydrothermal vents. The video camera used was a Sony González et al. (in press) but there have been no behavioural DXC 755 fixed on the submersible Nautile, with a Canon studies of this species to date.
    [Show full text]