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Broken Heads and Bloated Tales: Quixotic Fictions of the USA, 1792-1815

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Broken Heads and Bloated Tales: Quixotic Fictions of the USA, 1792-1815 Broken Heads and Bloated Tales: Quixotic Fictions of the USA, 1792-1815 Sarah F. Wood University College London, PhD, 2002 ‘If I abuse you with my tongue, take my head for satisfaction ’ Captain John Smith, Barbary captive, 1602 ProQuest Number: U644309 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U644309 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract Reading a number of post-Revolutionary works alongside a range of social, political, and cultural phenomena (such as Barbary conflicts, the Alien and Sedition Acts, yellow fever epidemics, and the cult of George Washington), this thesis contends that fiction of the early republic repeatedly deployed the contradictory figure of the quixote in order to test the conflicting ideals of the founders, to interrogate the political instabilities and social upheavals of the new republic, and to question both the possibility and the desirability of an isolationist United States and an independent ‘American’ literature. Chapter 1 discusses changing perceptions of Don Quixote in eighteenth- century British literature, charting his assimilation into British culture and his transformation from deluded fool to romantic hero: it was this complex figure, as much as his Spanish original, who crossed the Atlantic in the influx of British literary imports into America both before and after independence. Chapter 2 presents a survey of quixotic figures fi*om colonial and Revolutionary America, before suggesting some reasons why ‘misreadable’ quixotes might have proved particularly compelling for writers of the early republic. Chapters 3 to 7 discuss works by Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Royall Tyler, Charles Brockden Brown, Tabitha Gilman Tenney and Washington Irving. In Modern Chivalry (1792-1815), Brackenridge shows readers how the discourses of republicanism and quixotism could be co-opted to resist change and naturalise existing power relations. Brown’s Arthur Mervyn (1799-1800) recounts the rise and fall of a republican quixote, engaged in extending the limits of public service at the very moment in American history when the idea of ‘virtue’ was retreating to the private sphere. Royall Tyler’s The Algerine Captive (1797) tells the story of a literary quixote whose narrative reveals a subtle indictment of the US republic and an untimely attachment to North African ways. Tenney’s Female Quixotism (1801) exploits the interpretative instability of the quixotic figure to produce a double-talking text, a romantic satire that ridicules the self-deluded spinster while critiquing the period’s self-sacrificing ideals of republican wife and mother. Irving’s A History o f New York (1809) burlesques the idealising tendencies of American historiography, introducing a surplus of quixotic patriarchs in order to challenge the continuing presence of the founding fathers and confront the difficulties faced by the early republic’s post-heroic generation. Contents Abstract..............................................................................................................................................2 Contents.............................................................................................................................................4 Table of Illustrations........................................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................................7 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 10 1. An ‘Inconsistent Discourse’: Don Quixote in British Letters............................................. 23 Exporting Quixote: Changing Perceptions o f Cervantes ’ Knight ............................................ 25 Containing Quixote and ‘The Import o f the Frontispiece ’ ........................................................32 Fools o f Quality, Hearts o f Gold: Quixotic Characters in British Fiction ...............................37 A Comedy in Two Minds: Smollett’s Don Quixote andHayman ’s Frontispiece .................... 45 2. Transatlantic Cervanticks: Don Quixote in the New Republic.......................................... 55 Colonial Quixotes and a Genealogy o f Dissent. .........................................................................57 Riding Rosinante and Post-Revolutionary Politics ................................................................... 64 Reading Cervantes and Authoring the Nation ............................................................................73 3. City on the Hill, Quixote in the Cave: The Politics of Retreat in the Fiction of Hugh Henry Brackenridge.......................................................................................................................88 Retreat ...........................................................................................................................................88 Reconnoiter ................................................................................................................................ 101 Charge! .......................................................................................................................................108 4. An Alien’s Act of Sedition: ^Trans atlantic peculiarities’ and North African Attachments in The Algerine Captive........................................................................................121 America .......................................................................................................................................123 The Middle Passage ...................................................................................................................136 Algiers .........................................................................................................................................144 5. Private Properties, Public Nuisance:Arthur Mervyn and the Rise and Fall of a Republican Quixote...................................................................................................................... 158 Perilous Asylums ........................................................................................................................ 162 Foul Contagions ......................................................................................................................... 168 Abracadaver! .............................................................................................................................. 173 A Singular Hero .........................................................................................................................176 Mummy’s Boy ............................................................................................................................. 179 6. Nobody’s Dulcinea: Romantic Fictions and Republican Mothers in Tabitha Gilman Tenney’s Female Quixotism........................................................................................................ 185 Women’s Business ......................................................................................................................187 Broken Homes ............................................................................................................................ 195 Big Wigs ..................................................................................................................................... 205 Bad Ends .................................................................................................................................... 217 7. The Underwhelming History of America’s Overbearing Fathers:A History of New York, From the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty.......................................222 Founding Histories and Irving’s Bloated Tale ........................................................................ 226 Aged Founders and Irving’s Broken Heads .............................................................................241 Postscript....................................................................................................................................... 260 Appendix....................................................................................................................................... 263 Works Consulted..........................................................................................................................265 Note on Texts ..............................................................................................................................265 Primary Works and Early Criticism ......................................................................................... 265 Secondary Works ........................................................................................................................282
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