Willerby Carr Lane Primary School - History Topic: World War II Year: 6 Strand: British History beyond 1066

What should I already know? What is • Evacuation means leaving a place. During • The Victorian era saw many transformations to peoples’ evacuation? the Second World War, many children lives in terms of work and education living in big cities and towns were moved temporarily from their homes to places What will I know by the end of the unit? considered safer, usually out in the countryside. How did the • After World War One ended in 1918, • Being an evacuee must have been scary 2nd World had to give up land and was and exciting at the same time. The children War start banned from having armed forces. had to leave their families and homes • In 1933 the German people voted for a behind and try to fit in with host families in leader named , who led a the country. political party in Germany called the • Children had labels attached to them, as National Socialists or Nazis. Hitler promised though they were parcels. They stood at to make his country great again and quickly railway stations not knowing where they began to arm Germany again and to seize were going nor if they would be split from land from other countries. brothers and sisters who had gathered with • Shortly before 5am on Friday 1st them. They felt scared about being away September 1939, German forces stormed from their families but also excited about the Polish frontier. Tanks and motorised going to a place they had never seen before troops raced into the country over ground, and only read about in books. supported by Stuka dive bombers • The children arrived in the countryside, overhead. A total of 1.25 million Germans tired, hungry and uncertain whether they soldiers swept into Poland would ever see their families again. • World War Two in began on 3rd • They were taken to the village hall, where September 1939 when the Prime Minister they would be met by the billeting of Britain, , declared officer (the person in charge of finding war on Germany. It involved many of the them homes). A 'pick-your-own evacuee' world's countries. sessions would then take place, where host What was the • The heavy and frequent bombing attacks families (the people they were going to live Blitz? on London and other cities was known as with) haggled over the most presentable the 'Blitz'. after night, from children while the sicklier and grubbier September 1940 until , German children were left until last. bombers attacked British cities, ports and What was the • In July 1940, Hitler gave orders for the industrial areas. Battle of preparation of a seaborn of • London was bombed every day and night, Britain? Britain, called Operation Sealion . To make bar one, for 11 weeks. One third of London this easier, he sent the (German was destroyed. air force) to destroy Britain's Royal Air • Hull was the most severely damaged British Force first. city or town during the Second World War, • German leaders felt it was essential to with 95 percent of houses damaged. It was destroy the British air force to stop it under air raid alert for 1,000 hours. sinking the ships that would carry German • Hull was an industrial target that was easy soldiers across the Channel. to find due to its location at the axis of the • is the name commonly Humber and the given to the effort by the Luftwaffe to gain • Most air raids happened at night. air superiority over the Royal Air Force • People were warned of a likely air raid by (RAF) loud sirens, positioned in different parts of • October 1940, is generally considered to be towns and cities. During , they the end of the Battle of Britain, after the became an almost daily part of life. RAF caused considerable damage to the • The sirens made a very loud and long signal Luftwaffe or warning sound. What jobs did • Before the Second World War, women • When people heard the siren, they would women do were expected to be 'housewives' or stop what they were doing and make for a during the perhaps to do certain 'women's jobs', such shelter. war? • as nursing or being a domestic servant or shop assistant. Vocabulary • When men went to fight, women were a building to protect people from called upon to fill their jobs, and this dropped by planes included many jobs that were previously allies countries which fought on the British side thought of unsuitable for women. (including USA, , , • Mechanics, engineers, Tank drivers, (1941-1945)) building ships, Working in factories - making bombs and aircraft parts, Air raid Anderson made of corrugated iron. Usually at the wardens, Driving fire engines, Plumbers, shelter end of the garden Ambulance drivers, WRVS volunteers, axis countries which fought on the German Nurses side (including Italy, Germany, , • Russia (1939-1941)) Who was • was an ordinary German Jewish system of ensuring no lights were visible Anne Frank? girl. after dark so that buildings could not be • She hid in an annex with her family. spotted by enemy planes • Anne Frank is well known because of her blitz series of aerial bombing raids on the UK, diary. mainly cities including London, Bristol & • Hitler wanted to create what he saw was Nottingham the perfect German, this meant that blitzkreig German quick strike invasion of Western anyone who did not fit into his perfect Europe . Translated as ‘lightning war’ image was persecuted (ill-treated) and/or enigma a machine used by the Nazis to send killed. coded messages • By the end of World War II, six million Jews evacuee someone who was evacuated, moved were killed because they were, in Hitler's from a danger area to a safer place eyes, 'different'. (normally from the cities to rural areas) How did the • World War II ended in 1945 right wing political view associated with war end? • the Allies accepted Germany’s surrender, not allowing opposition and total control about a week after Adolf Hitler had by a dictator committed . holocaust mass murder of Jews and other groups of • Japan did not surrender at the same time people by the Nazis as Germany. It was able to hold out for Morrison metal cage used inside the house. Could another few months. shelter double as a kitchen table • Atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima Nazi member of the fascist German political and on August 6 and 9 party which came to power in 1933. respectiv ely. After that Japan surrendered. Symbol =

Key Dates / Timeline Date Event Description September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland This was the event that led to Britain’s involvement in the war. September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare In response to Hitler's , Britain and France, war on Germany (start of both allies of the overrun nation declare war on Germany. WW2) January, 1940 Rationing introduced across The British government introduced food rationing. The scheme the UK was designed to ensure fair shares for all at a time of national shortage. Germany launches air The Luftwaffe attacked Britain, performing reconnaissance July, 1940 attacks on Great Britain missions and targeting coastal defenses, ports and radar stations. December 7, 1941 The Japanese attack the US The attack on was a surprise preemptive military navy in Pearl Harbor strike by the Air Service upon the against the naval base at Pearl Harbour in Honolulu, Hawaii on Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. The attack led to the United States' formal entry into World War II the next day , 1944 D-day and the Allied forces invade France and push back the Germans 8 invasion. April 30, 1945 Adolf Hitler commits suicide Hol ed up in a bunker under his headquarters in , Adolf Hitler commits suicide. Germany surrenders & , generally known as VE Day (Great Britain) May 8, 1945 victory in Europe is declared or V-E Day (North America), or simply as V -Day, is a day the next day celebrating the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of 's unconditional surrender of its armed forces August 1945 Atomic bombs dropped on This was done by the US killing approximately 226,000 people. Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders signalling The was announced by on August the end of WW2 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close

Burnt out National Picture Theatre (after Hull Blitz). Still unchanged to this day!

Important figures Image Adolf Hitler

- Leader of the and Chancellor of Germany, 1933 - 1945 (also referred to as the Führer meaning leader)

Winston Churchill

- UK Prime Minister, 1940 - 1945 (and again from 1951 - 1955)

Neville Chamberlain

- UK Prime Minister, 1937 - 1940 (infamous for failed attempts to satisfy Hitler’s demands prior to the war)

Franklin D. Roosevelt

US President, 1933 – 1945 (took the US into the war following the Perl Harbor attacks)

Harry S. Truman

US President, 1945 – 1953 (responsible for the decision to drop Atomic bombs on Japan)

Joseph Stalin

General Secretary of the Communist Party and Leader of the USSR, 1929 - 1953