Advanced Weather Reporting System Using Raspberry Pi and WSN 1 2 3 MD

ISSN 2348–2370 Vol.08,Issue.14, October-2016, Pages:2669-2673

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Advanced Weather Reporting System using Raspberry Pi and WSN 1 2 3 MD. KHAJA PASHA , K.HARI , VENTRAPRAGADA TEJU 1PG Scholar, Dept of ECE(ES), Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, TS, India. 2Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, TS, India. 3Associate Professor, Dept of ECE, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, TS, India.

Abstract: This paper proposes an advanced system for will be 2.4GHz. The Zigbee module uses carrier sense process management via a credit card sized single board multiple access collision avoidance mechanism (CSMA/ computer called raspberry pi based multi parameter CA) for the data transfer between two modules. The monitoring hardware system designed using RS232 and Raspberry pi is a low cost credit card sized Linux computer microcontroller that measures and controls various global which has the ability to interact with the outside world and parameters. The system comprises of a single master and a has been used in a wide array of digital maker projects. An slaves with wireless mode of communication and a raspberry open source operating system that uses Linux kernel called pi system that can either operate on windows or Linux Debian is used on the embedded Raspberry Pi device in an operating system. The parameters that can be tracked are operating system called Raspberry. Linux kernel has been temperature, light intensity and vibration level. The hardware ported to variety of CPUs which are used not only for design is done with the surface mount devices (SMD) on a computers but also for ARC, ARM, AVR32, ETRAX CRIS, double layer printed circuit board (PCB) to reduced the size and improve the power efficiency. The various interesting features are field device communication via specific hardware and remote monitoring and control.

Keywords: Raspberry Pi, Wireless, Industrial, PCB, SMD.

I. INTRODUCTION The entire system is designed with the double layer SMD based embedded board with different sensors and a raspberry pi that can compile and communicate the data received from the sensors. The raspberry pi when operated on the Linux operating system can perform multi-tasking. The design of the embedded board includes the interfacing of different Fig.1. Block Diagram of the Process Monitoring System sensors to slave board and connecting the slave to a master Using Raspberry Pi. board through Zigbee transmission. The slave board uses PIC16F877A Microcontroller, LM35 & LDR MEMS Sensors FR – V, H8300, IP7000, m68k, PowerPC, SuperH and and Zigbee Transceivers. The Zigbee transceivers present in Xtensa processors A printed circuit board (PCB) uses slave and master boards uses the process of serial conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from communication and as most of the computers have more than copper sheets to connect the electronic components one serial port there is no need of any special hardware other laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. Surface – mount than a cable. The effective baud rate is the main advantage of technology (SMT) is a technique where the components are using RS232 and also the transmission is on both directions placed directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards which mean the inverted logic is also handled with the same. (PCBs) [14], [15]. Both technologies can be used in a RS232 uses MARK (Negative voltage) and SPACE (positive combination i.e. the components that cannot be mounted can voltage) as two voltage states. So the baud rate is identical to be used with through hole technology. In industrial the maximum number of bits transmitted per second automation, there are different manufactures producing their including the control bits. The transmission rate of this device own PLCs [3]. The PLCs in an industry is Connected with is 9600 baud with the duration of start bit and each distributed control system (DCS) by protocols such as subsequent bit is about 0.104ms. The complete character RS232/485, USB and Ethernet [1] [5]. The DCS has multi- frame of 11 bits is transmitted in 1.146ms. MAX 232 IC level hierarchical network structure for communication. Due mounted on the master board converts the 0’s and 1’s to TTL to the hierarchical network structure, the communication logic. ZIGBEE module uses direct sequence spread spectrum becomes complex and high in cost. Complete network from (DSSS) mechanism for the data encryption and the frequency field level to control level is not formed [8]. The java Copyright @ 2016 IJATIR. All rights reserved.

MD. KHAJA PASHA, K.HARI, VENTRAPRAGADA TEJU simulators can be used as front end panel for monitoring and Temperature, Light intensity and vibration level identifier control. The java servers used to Control the process in a sensors. Data acquired from each parameter is collected in field [5]. Internet of Things (IoT) is a fast developing Slave and sent to Master module through zigbee technology that connects all devices with internet. For soft transmission. The relay and alarm are also connected to the real time systems TCP, UDP and IP protocols are efficient microcontroller for controlling purpose. The MAX232 is [3]. Embedded web server and Linux based system is cost responsible for converting parallel data into addressed serial effective with high performance [3]. The RS232 protocol is data and vice versa. The relay and alarm are also connected sufficient for parameter monitoring and control [2]. The for monitoring purpose. master slave architecture gives good performance in real time control applications [7]. The graphical language is efficient III. THE DESIGN OF SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND for development of front end and back end panels for process NETWORK monitoring and control [4]. The following software tools are required for designing, compiling and debugging. MikroC Pro for PIC MikroC II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION PRO is a C compiler for PIC devices from Microchip. The The Fig1 shows the system that is designed with both main features are intuitive IDE, powerful compiler with wireless slaves and wireless master where the communication advanced optimizations, lots of hardware and software is a half-duplex communication. The master module acts a library. Some of the tools that is integrated with this bridge device between slaves and the raspberry pi computer. compiler are active comment editor, ASCII chart, EEPROM The master can also communicate with any android devices editor, GLCD bitmap editor, HID terminal, LCD custom and compactable with all X86, X64 and ARM architectures character, Mikro boot loader, UDP terminal and USART that runs any operating system with RS232 functionality. The terminal. Raspbian operating system Raspbian is a free communication between the master and raspberry pi is wired operating system based on debian optimized for the and the raspberry pi can be operated through remote raspberry pi hardware. Raspbian comes with over 35,000 computing either wired or wireless. The communication packages and pre-compiled software bundled in a nice between the master and raspberry pi is wired and the format for easy installation on Raspberry Pi. Raspbian is raspberry pi can be operated through remote computing either still under development to improve stability and wired or wireless. The on – field firmware up gradation of performance of as many Debian packages as possible [12], master and slave is possible without removing or [13], [27]. disconnecting any devices from the module with the help of USB boot loader feature in microcontroller.

Fig.3. Raspberry Pi from Market

Fig.2. Master Node IV. HARDWARE SPECIFICATION The following are the hardware requirements for this The entire module functionality is controlled by the process monitoring system. Raspberry Pi Model B+ microcontroller. One of the major future enhancements of Raspberry pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system this master module is the in-built USB to UART converter on a chip (SoC) that includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz which can directly communicate with the android devices processor, VideoCore 4 GPU, and was originally designed without using any other driver software or hardware. The with 256 megabytes of RAM and later upgraded to 512 MB. raspberry pi processor runs in 3.3V. So the master module The system has either Secure Digital (SD) or MicroSD has in-built MOSFET based 3.3V to 5V voltage level shifter sockets for boot media and persistent storage. The other circuit. No bridging hardware is required as the raspberry pi features of raspberry pi model B+ are 700 MHz cloak speed, can directly communicate with the master module. A TTL to four individual USB host ports, 10/100 Base T Ethernet port RS232 level shifter is used to communicate with any other and HDMI audio and video output [25], [26]. PIC16F877A hardware that accepts RS232 protocol. Slave Module is ideal for low power ad connectivity applications because contains the sensor interfacing of physical parameters like of the following features. Maximum operating frequency is International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research Volume. 08, IssueNo.14, October-2016, Pages: 2669-2673 Advanced Weather Reporting System Using Raspberry Pi and WSN 20MHz, Flash program memory (14 bit words), 8KB, Data LDR. When the light falls on the surface of LDR, the memory (bytes) is 368, EEPROM data memory (bytes) is resistance of the LDR is changed. The more the light, the 2565 input/output ports, 3 timers, 2 serial communication less the resistance, the less the voltage drop across it and ports (MSSP, USART), PSP parallel communication port vice versa. As the voltage drop increases, the VB of the and10bit A/D module (8 channels). BC547 transistor and ICE will also increase. 3) MEMS sensor which identifies sudden changes in acceleration, V. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION vibrations with the help of 3axis micro electro mechanical Master Module Master Module is fully equipped with in sensor system. 4) ZigBee is an emerging wireless built peripherals and there is no need of any bridging devices communication technology. It has several advantages over for communicating with raspberry pi or other platform. other existing wireless communication technologies which Module operates in 5 volt and 500mA of current and also make it a better choice for multiple nodes. These advantages circuit has reverse voltage protection for safe operation. 20 of zigbee are as follows: MHz of clock frequency is fed as oscillator input to  Low-cost device compared to others microcontroller. MAX232 level converter is an IC that  Less complexity for the users converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable  Flexibility for expansion in future for use in TTL. 3.3V to 5V voltage level shifter is used to  Possibility for multipoint interconnections connect with the master with raspberry pi as it can operate  Possibility of direct connection to any sensor, meter with a minimum of 3.3V. The slave having components that and actuator in long distance are used to reduce the hardware size and power consumption.  Possibility of using encryption codes for enhancing the system security.  Possibility of developing codes to prevent interference with other wireless communication signals.  Low consumption device and therefore suitable for weather monitoring stations that are usually in remote areas;  Covering an area of 300–1500 m which is further expandable by repeaters.

Fig.4. Slave Node

The main functionality of the Slave module is as follows. 1) Temperature measurement The current temperature is converted to an appropriate voltage level using a 3 pin Fig.5. Zigbee Module integrated circuit temperature sensor unit (IC LM35). The three pins are ground (GND), voltage source (Vs) and output VI. OUTPUT RESULTS AND FEATURE WORK voltage (V out). Analog to Digital converter (ADC) converts In the output results we can observe as the power supply the signal into digital value that is fed as input to the indication led on slave board and the values of global microcontroller. LM35 series is precision integrated circuit parameters like temperature, light intensity and vibration temperature sensor whose output voltage can be linearly levels are displayed in LCD display. The same values are calibrated in degree Celsius i.e. Linear + 10.0 mV/˚C scale transferred to master node via zigbee wireless factor with 0.5˚C accuracy guarantee and rated for full -55˚C communication network. In future the system can be to +150˚C range. It operates in 4 to 30 volts and draws less enhanced for wave form representation of data in an excel than 60 μA. 2) Light Intensity measurement A light/dark sheet using raspberry pi. The additional slaves can be added activated switch that is present in the Slave1 is used to for measures various other parameters. Also the data can be measure the light level which will turn on and off automatically uploaded to a web based server account which accordingly. A Light Depended Resistor (LDR) is used to is again password protected by using a GPRS module. It measure the light level. The circuit has a transistor switch provides access from the any internet source by just with the base connected to a voltage divider. The voltage knowing the password. divider has 50K potentiometer plus the protective resistor and International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research Volume. 08, IssueNo.14, October-2016, Pages: 2669-2673

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Author’s Profile: Md. Khaja Pasha a Research Scholar currently pursuing Masters in Technology with specialization in Embedded Systems from Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad affiliated to J.N.T.University, yderabad, Telangana, India. He obtained his Bachelor’s degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from ACE Engineering College, Ghatkesar affiliated to J.N.T. University, Hyderabad, India. His research interests include Embedded Control Networks, Distributed Embedded Systems, and digital Systems.

K.Hari is an Assistant Professor in Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology. He has teaching experience of 3 years. He holds a post graduate degree of M.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering from Princeton College of Engineering and Technology, affiliated to J.N.T. University, Hyderabad, India. He holds under graduate degree of B.Tech (ECE) from Swami Vivekananda Institute of Technology, affiliated to J.N.T.UNIVERSITY, Hyderabad, India.

V.Teju is an Associate Professor in Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology. She has teaching experience of 10 years. She holds a post graduate degree of M.Tech (Embedded Systems) from St.Marys College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad affiliated to J.N.T.University, Hyderabad, India. She holds under graduate degree of B.Tech (ECE) from Nova Engineering College, Jangareddygudem, west Godavari district, affiliated to J.N.T.University, Kakinada, India.

International Journal of Advanced Technology and Innovative Research Volume. 08, IssueNo.14, October-2016, Pages: 2669-2673