Newsletter of the History of Philosophy of Science (HOPOS) Working Group
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Publishers for the People: W. § R. Chambers — the Early Years, 1832-18S0
I I 71-17,976 COONEY, Sondra Miley, 1936- PUBLISHERS FOR THE PEOPLE: W. § R. CHAMBERS — THE EARLY YEARS, 1832-18S0. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, general University Microfilms, A XEROXCompany , Ann Arbor, Michigan © Copyright by Sondra Miley Cooney 1971 PUBLISHERS FOR THE PEOPLE: W. & R. CHAMBERS THE EARLY YEARS, 1832-1850 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sondra Miley Cooney, B.A., A.M. The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by Adviser Department of English ACKNOWLEDGMENTS X wish to thank first those to whom I am indebted in Scotland. Had it not been for the assistance and co-operation of Mr. Antony S. Chambers, chairman of W. & R. Chambers Ltd, this study would never have become a reality. Not only did he initially give an unknown American permission to study the firm's archives, but he has subsequently provided whatever I needed to facilitate my research. Gracious and generous, he is a worthy descendent of the first Robert Chambers. All associated with the Chambers firm— directors and warehousemen alike— played an important part in my research, from answering technical queries to helping unearth records almost forgotten. Equally helpful in their own way were the librarians of the University of Edinburgh Library and the National Library of Scotland. Finally, the people of Edinburgh made a signif icant, albeit indirect, contribution. From them I learned something of what it means to a Scot to be a Scot. In this country I owe my greatest debt to my adviser, Professor Richard D. -
S7ilut€ to J. M. Smith
$i.2j per copy Winter y ig6j S7ILUT€ TO J. M . SMITH Articles BY A. J. M. SMITH, Ε ARLE BIRNEY, MILTON WILSON, ROY FULLER, MARILYN DA V I E S , ALVIN LEE, WILLIAM TOYE Reviews BY WILFRED WATSON, ALBERT TUCKER, INGLIS F . BELL, HUGO MCPHERSON, MARGARET LAURENCE, Ε. Μ. MANDEL, PHYLLIS WEBB AND OTHERS Annual Supplement CANADIAN LITERATURE CHECKLIST, 1962 A QUARTERLY OF CRITICISM AND R€VI€W SMITH'S HUNDRED THIS ISSUE of Canadian Literature is in part a celebration occasioned by the publication of the Collected Poems of A. J. M. Smith1, one of Canada's important writers and, since the 1930's, a poet of international repute. It is an act of homage, but just as much a conversation in which various writers, including the poet himself, express their views on his achievement; as becomes evident, it is an achievement by no means confined to the hundred poems which Smith at this time has chosen to represent him. Earle Birney, who has known A. J. M. Smith ever since the early days of the renaissance of Canadian poetry during our generation, speaks of his virtues as a leader in a literary move- ment and as an anthologist who has used his trade to help shape the Canadian literary consciousness. The distinguished English poet Roy Fuller who, like the editor of this magazine, appeared beside A. J. M. Smith in the English poetry magazines of the 1930's (New Verse and Twentieth Century Verse), takes up the thread again and examines Smith's poetic achievement as a whole. -
History of Physics Group Newsletter No 21 January 2007
History of Physics Group Newsletter No 21 January 2007 Cover picture: Ludwig Boltzmann’s ‘Bicykel’ – a piece of apparatus designed by Boltzmann to demonstrate the effect of one electric circuit on another. This, and the picture of Boltzmann on page 27, are both reproduced by kind permission of Dr Wolfgang Kerber of the Österreichische Zentralbibliothek für Physik, Vienna. Contents Editorial 2 Group meetings AGM Report 3 AGM Lecture programme: ‘Life with Bragg’ by John Nye 6 ‘George Francis Fitzgerald (1851-1901) - Scientific Saint?’ by Denis Weaire 9 ‘Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) - a brief biography by Peter Ford 15 Reports Oxford visit 24 EPS History of physics group meeting, Graz, Austria 27 European Society for the History of Science - 2nd International conference 30 Sir Joseph Rotblat conference, Liverpool 35 Features: ‘Did Einstein visit Bratislava or not?’ by Juraj Sebesta 39 ‘Wadham College, Oxford and the Experimental Tradition’ by Allan Chapman 44 Book reviews JD Bernal – The Sage of Science 54 Harwell – The Enigma Revealed 59 Web report 62 News 64 Next Group meeting 65 Committee and contacts 68 2 Editorial Browsing through a copy of the group’s ‘aims and objectives’, I notice that part of its aims are ‘to secure the written, oral and instrumental record of British physics and to foster a greater awareness concerning the history of physics among physicists’ and I think that over the years much has been achieved by the group in tackling this not inconsiderable challenge. One must remember, however, that the situation at the time this was written was very different from now. -
Third ICESHS, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2008 Electron – A
Third ICESHS, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2008 Isabel Serra, Francisca Viegas, Elisa Maia Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] Electron – a main actor in scientific controversies1 1. Introduction The story of the electron can contribute to the study of the continuity-discontinuity of the scientific thinking in modern age, as well as to discuss models and metaphors in history of science. Actually, the electron played a central role in several scientific controversies: nature of electricity and cathode rays, structure and properties of matter. The idea of an atom of electricity was introduced by Faraday and adopted by Helmholtz. In 1874, Stoney estimated its charge and named it electron. However, Maxwell had stated that a complete knowledge of electricity would eliminate the necessity of such particles. The controversy about the nature of electricity was to lie dormant for years until it was brightened by the study of discharges in gases. The nature of cathode rays divided physicists and chemists, with the electron playing the major role in the dispute. The experiences of Perrin (1895) and Thomson (1897), seemed to confirm the existence of the electron, but did not convince all scientists. The electron became the main protagonist of a controversial image of matter: the atomistic view. In 1913, Bohr’s atomic theory was received with enthusiasm by some physicists but with criticism by others. Nevertheless, the atomic structure of matter gradually wins acceptance in reason of its extraordinary power in predicting spectral lines. At last, electrons were particles, coherent with facts and theories. -
Leslie's Directory for Perth and Perthshire
»!'* <I> f^? fI? ffi tfe tI» rl? <Iy g> ^I> tf> <& €l3 tf? <I> fp <fa y^* <Ti* ti> <I^ tt> <& <I> tf» *fe jl^a ^ ^^ <^ <ft ^ <^ ^^^ 9* *S PERTHSHIRE COLLECTION including KINROSS-SHIRE These books form part of a local collection permanently available in the Perthshire Room. They are not available for home reading. In some cases extra copies are available in the lending stock of the Perth and Kinross District Libraries. fic^<fac|3g|jci»^cpcia<pci><pgp<I>gpcpcx»q»€pcg<I»4>^^ cf>' 3 ^8 6 8 2 5 TAMES M'NICOLL, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER, 10 ST. JOHN STREET, TID "XT' "IIP rri "tur .ADIES' GOODS IN SILK, SATIN, KID, AND MOROCCO. lENT.'S HUNTING, SHOOTING, WALKING, I DRESS, IN KID AND PATENT. Of the Newest and most Fashionable Makes, £ THE SCOTTISH WIDOWS' FUNDS AND REVENUE. The Accumulated Funds exceed £9,200,000 The Annual Revenue exceeds 1,100,000 The Largest Funds and Revenue possessed by any Life Assurance Institution in the United Kingdom. THE PROFITS are ascertained Septennially and divided among the Members in Bonus Addi- tions to their Policies, computed in the corrfpoundioxva.^ i.e., on Original Sums Assured and previous Bonus Additions attaching to the Policy—an inter- mediate Bonus being also added to Claims between Divisions ; thus, practically an ANNUAL DIVISION OF PROFITS is made among the Policyholders, founded on the ample basis of seven years' operations, yielding to each his equitable share down to date of death, in respect of every Premium paid since the date of the policy. -
Should Physical Laws Be Unit-Invariant?
Should physical laws be unit-invariant? 1. Introduction In a paper published in this journal in 2015, Sally Riordan reviews a recent debate about whether fundamental constants are really “constant”, or whether they may change over cosmological timescales. Her context is the impending redefinition of the kilogram and other units in terms of fundamental constants – a practice which is seen as more “objective” than defining units in terms of human artefacts. She focusses on one particular constant, the fine structure constant (α), for which some evidence of such a variation has been reported. Although α is not one of the fundamental constants involved in the proposed redefinitions, it is linked to some which are, so that there is a clear cause for concern. One of the authors she references is Michael Duff, who presents an argument supporting his assertion that dimensionless constants are more fundamental than dimensioned ones; this argument employs various systems of so-called “natural units”. [see Riordan (2015); Duff (2004)] An interesting feature of this discussion is that not only Riordan herself, but all the papers she cites, use a formula for α that is valid only in certain systems of units, and would not feature in a modern physics textbook. This violates another aspect of objectivity – namely, the idea that our physical laws should be expressed in such a way that they are independent of the particular units we choose to use; they should be unit-invariant. In this paper I investigate the place of unit-invariance in the history of physics, together with its converse, unit-dependence, which we will find is a common feature of some branches of physics, despite the fact that, as I will show in an analysis of Duff’s argument, unit-dependent formulae can lead to erroneous conclusions. -
FORMAT Bulletin
Members’ Paper From IRPS Bulletin Vol 10 No 3 September/October, 1996 ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF ELECTRONS above hypothesis but also to the brilliant discoveries made in the closing years of the 19th century: that of X- Leif Gerwarda and Christopher Cousinsb rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895 and that of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896. a. Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Cathode rays occurs when electricity is discharged in a rarefied gas. At a given low pressure of the gas, rays are b. Department of Physics, University of Exeter, emitted from the negative pole, the cathode. The Exeter, UK cathode rays themselves are invisible, but they can be observed by the phosphorescence that they induce at the The search for the true nature of electricity led walls of the glass tube and by the shadows from objects to the discovery of the electron and the proof placed in their path. The cathode rays propagate in that it is a constituent of all atoms. These straight lines, but unlike ordinary light rays they can be achievements gave the scientists the first deflected by a magnetic field. definite line of attack on the constitution of the atom and on the structure of matter. The phenomena exhibited by the electric discharge in rarefied gas had long been familiar from studies by In a lecture on 'The Stability of Atoms' given to the Royal Julius Plücker, Wilhelm Hittorf, Eugen Goldstein and Society of Arts in 1924, Ernest Rutherford said: other physicists. In a lecture delivered before the British Association at the Sheffield Meeting in 1879, William The trend of physics during the past twenty-five years has Crookes first used the expression radiant matter or been largely influenced by three fundamental discoveries matter in the ultra-gaseous state, to explain the made in the closing years of the nineteenth century. -
Postgraduate Prospectus 2019
POSTGRADUATE PROSPECTUS 2019 At the heart of our Graduate School lies a culture of opportunity, innovation and enterprise, fuelled by a diverse and inclusive social community that has ambitions to shape a better world. B Queen’s University Belfast – Postgraduate Prospectus 2019 Queen’s University Belfast – Postgraduate Prospectus 2019 C WELCOME WELCOME TO Thank you for considering joining us at Queen’s QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY University Belfast for your postgraduate studies. Queen’s is an exciting place. A place that delivers both local and BELFAST international impact. This makes us a global top 200 university*, based in Belfast, a modern capital city known for its welcome, accessibility and affordability as well as being a vibrant hub for the creative and tech sectors. It is a great place to live and work. We are immensely proud of what our city and our university will offer you. CONTENTS 3 Why Postgraduate Study at Queen’s? From the day you arrive at Queen’s, you will be part of a world-class international university with a thriving 4 The Graduate School 43 Postgraduate Taught postgraduate culture built on teaching excellence, leading- 7 Your Future Career 45 A–Z of Postgraduate Taught Programmes edge research, innovation, collaboration and engagement. 9 World-Class Facilities 83 A–Z of Professional Doctorates These components are woven together in our Graduate 10 Support Services School to deliver a truly integrated experience. 87 Postgraduate Research Programmes 11 A Global Experience 89 Your Postgraduate Research Journey You will receive an educational experience that is research-led, 13 Research with Global Impact to Queen's learning from academics who are global leaders in their field, Global Research Institutes and you will benefit from a range of academic and professional 15 91 Postgraduate Research opportunities available through our global connections. -
Auction 86 to Take Place on 8 December 2018
Auction 86 To take place on 8 December 2018 Please post bids to Peter McGowan, Nethergreen House, 9 The Green, Ruddington, Notts NG11 6DY Or email: [email protected] The deadline is Tuesday, 4 December 2018. Late bids cannot be recorded. Ensure you include your current address and contact details. If you are bidding by email, please make sure you have received his confirmation of receipt. Successful bidders living outside the UK will be asked to pay for their lots before despatch. If two bids of the same amount are received for a lot, then the bid received first will take precedence, so early bidding is desirable. All lots now carry reserves, either at a default value of 75% of the estimate or at an undisclosed figure set by the seller. No bid will be accepted below the reserve. Take into account that some of our estimated prices appear rather too modest, and may be well overbid. We don’t claim that these estimates are wholly consistent, so make allowance for this. Remember that revised auction rules, issued earlier this year, now apply. NB: See the members’ page of our website for images of this material. Items unsold in our auctions are sometimes added to the Web Offer pages that can be found at www.bookplatesociety.org/WebOffer2.htm where hundreds of exlibris owned by members are available for direct sale at fixed prices. £ 1 Irish arms: Earl of Limerick (Pery) F23376; DH Kelly, The O’Kelly, pasted on flyleaf with in MS “Denis H 11 Kelly Castle Kelly, Nov 24 1811, F16893; William Laird by Vinycomb, 1901, stain at top right. -
British and German Textbook Publishers: a Guide to Archive Collections
(FNHUW'RVVLHUV /DUV0OOHU %ULWLVKDQG*HUPDQ7H[WERRN3XEOLVKHUV $*XLGHWR$UFKLYH&ROOHFWLRQV 'LHVH3XEOLNDWLRQZXUGHYHU|IIHQWOLFKWXQWHUGHUFUHDWLYHFRPPRQV/L]HQ] 1DPHQVQHQQXQJ.HLQH%HDUEHLWXQJ8QSRUWHG &&%<1' KWWSFUHDWLYHFRPPRQVRUJOLFHQVHVE\QG Eckert. Dossiers Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research ISSN 2191-0790 Volume 12 (2017) Editors Nicola Watson, Tim Hartung and Victoria Schnitker Form for referencing: Müller, Lars. British and German Textbook Publishers: A Guide to Archive Collections. Eckert. Dossiers 12 (2017). urn:nbn:de:0220‐2017‐0162. British and German Textbook Publishers: A Guide to Archive Collections 3 Introduction Lars Müller Historic research is predominantly dependent upon access to source materials. The archives of textbook publishers contain material that has great potential for innovative new studies, but research in this area is hindered by a lack of access to these sources and by their great disparity. This archive guide aims to redress this situation. It provides brief information about existing archive collections and can act as a starting point for locating source material. In addition it represents the hope that the increasing interest in archive-based research into textbooks and educational materials will stimulate new research. Existing studies using archive material from textbook publishers have tended to focus on individual publishing houses meaning that international comparative analyses are a significant desideratum of research in this field. This archive guide primarily provides information about German and British textbook publishers. Defining which publishing houses fall into those categories is complicated by two main factors. The first of these is that many publishing houses were, and still are, international companies producing textbooks for diverse countries and regions; either through subsidiaries or agreements with local publishers. -
CHRISTOPHER HILL Copyright © British Academy 2005 – All Rights
CHRISTOPHER HILL Copyright © British Academy 2005 – all rights reserved John Edward Christopher Hill 1912–2003 CHRISTOPHER HILL was a great historian. People who question this can point to his apparent limitations. Nearly all his huge output was on the seventeenth-century ‘English Revolution’ and its origins. He seldom used manuscript records or original letters. He did not write much straight nar- rative. He said little about art or music or agriculture to add to his huge knowledge of literature. More seriously it was claimed that his Marxism, even when mellowed, led him to ignore evidence that did not support it. The ‘bourgeois revolution’ was a theme he never quite discarded but its meaning changed uneasily. None of this, even so far as it was valid, dimin- ished his great achievement—to show, largely from one period and coun- try, the role of historical studies in the sum of human knowledge. In at least twenty books and innumerable articles he made two vital additions to the old accounts of his chosen time: the impact of popular movements and the immense range of ideas written and spoken. No seventeenth- century author escaped him. No group and no person was insignificant. His regular technique was to combine close study of an individual, great or obscure, with a forthright account of the social and economic setting. His style was lucid, uncomplicated, enthusiastic. He showed that it was possible for a great historian to have a most pleasing personality, gener- ous and tolerant, warm and humorous. Belief in equality was as essential in his life as in his scholarship even when he rose to a position of power. -
Elementary Charge and Electron: One Entity Two Identities
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 April 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0716.v1 Elementary Charge and Electron: One Entity Two Identities MISHECK KIRIMI1, 2 1. Department of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya 2. email: [email protected], [email protected] Our knowledge of electricity is based on two nearly parallel concepts – charge and electron. The charge concept is symmetrical: nature has equal numbers of positive and negative charges playing equivalent roles in atoms. The electron concept has two asymmetries. One, the observable universe has more positive than negative electrons. Two, atoms contain negative- but no positive electrons. Here I propose that charge is static electron and electron is moving charge. That is, resting (electrostatic) and moving (electrodynamic) behaviours exclusively make charge and electron different. The proposal reveals previously unnoticed symmetries in the electron concept and has experimental backing. Faraday, Stoney and Millikan observed charges in static conditions – electrolytes, oil drops, doorknobs etc. In contrast, Thomson and Anderson observed electrons at high speeds in cathode tubes and cloud chambers. Beta decays were initially interpreted to mean existence of electrons in atomic nuclei. Equating ‘charge’ to ‘static electron’ reinstates and validates the interpretation. Key words: Charge, electricity, electron, electrodynamics, electrostatics, elementary charge George Thomson observed that electron “can never be separated” from its charge1. This fact is unique to the electron. Other charged particles do lose their charge. Proton, for example, loses its positive charge in β+ decay2. In contrast, electron does not decay to anything simpler3. Thus, nature has no chargeless (electrically neutral) electron.