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Geographies of New Orleans by Richard Campanella Please Order on Amazon.Com Geographies of New Orleans by Richard Campanella Orleans New Orleans of Campanellaamazon.com on New of Campanellaamazon.com Richard order on by Geographies Richard order Please by Geographies G EOGRAPHIES N Please EW O OF RLEANS Orleans New Orleans of Campanellaamazon.com on New of Campanellaamazon.com Richard order on by Geographies Richard order Please by GeographiesSt. Louis Cathedral and the upper French Quarter, overlooking the Mississippi River. Photograph by Ronnie Cardwell, 2004. Please Orleans New Orleans of Campanellaamazon.com on New of Campanellaamazon.com Richard order on by Geographies Richard order G Please by EOGRAPHIES Urban Fabrics NBefore the Storm Geographies EW O OF Please RLEANS Richard Campanella Center for Louisiana Studies 2006 Orleans New Orleans of Campanellaamazon.com on New of Campanellaamazon.com Richard order on by Geographies Richard order Front and rear cover photographs by Neil Alexander (NEILphoto.com), 2004-2005. Please Title page photograph by Ronnie Cardwell (89 French Market Place in the French Quarter), 2004. by Photographs in section dividers mostly by author, with three by Ronnie Cardwell; satellite and historical imagery prepared by author based on sources from DigitalGlobe, Ikonos-SpaceImaging, NOAA, Army Corps of Engineers, ESRI, and Library of Congress. Front cover, rear cover, and montages designed by Richard Campanella, James D. Wilson, Jr., and Jen- Geographiesnifer R. Cooper. ISBN: 1-887366-68-7 Library of Congress Catalog Number: Book design and layout by Jennifer R. Cooper Printed in China Copyright © 2006 Center for Louisiana Studies Please University of Louisiana at Lafayette PO Box 40831 Lafayette, LA 70504-0831 http://cls.louisiana.edu Orleans New Orleans of Campanellaamazon.com on New of Campanellaamazon.com Richard order on by Geographies Richard order Please by Geographies Dedicated to the Heroes and Victims of Hurricane Katrina Please Orleans New Orleans of Campanellaamazon.com on New of Campanellaamazon.com Richard order on by Geographies Richard order Please by Geographies Please Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................1 Past Geographies Historical Events of Geographical Significance in the New Orleans Region .............................................................................. 5 Physical Geographies Orleans Geological New Orleans ....................................................................................................................................................... 33 Pedological New Orleans ...................................................................................................................................................... 41 Topographic New Orleans .................................................................................................................................................... 51 Riverine New Orleans .......................................................................................................................................................... 67 Urban Geographies Morphology of a MetropolisNew .................................................................................................................................................. 91 An Architectural Geography of the French Quarter ...............................................................................................................Orleans 99 “Curious Old Houses These:” Patterns of Construction Date in the French Quarter ............................................................. 105 “A Draping of Fashions:”of Patterns of Architectural Style in the French Quarter ................................................................... 113 “A Philosophy of Space:” PatternsCampanella of Structural Type in the Frenchamazon.com Quarter ......................................................................... 125 Signature of the City: Patterns of Iron-Lace Galleries and Balconies in the French Quarter .................................................. 135 Elysian Fields Avenue: Barometer of Urban Growth ............................................................................................................ 141 Uptown/Downtown: Shifting Perceptions, Shifting Lines .....................................................................................................New 157 What the Yellow Pages Reveals About New Orleans .............................................................................................................on 169 Ethnic Geographies America’s First Multicultural Society? .................................................................................................................................of Campanella 193 Creole New Orleans: The Geography of a Controversial Ethnicity ........................................................................................amazon.com205 Where Was the Irish Channel? ............................................................................................................................................ 227 Little Saxony and the German Enclaves of New Orleans ...................................................................................................... 247 DryadesRichard Street and the Geography of Jewish New Orleans ................................................................................................... 263 Greek New Orleans, from Dorgenoisorder to Decatur.................................................................................................................. on 285 Paradoxical Yet Typical: The Geography of New Orleans’ African-American Community ..................................................... 297 Little Palermo and the Sicilian Italians of New Orleans ...................................................................................................... 315 byChinatown, New Orleans ................................................................................................................................................... 337 The Vietnamese of Versailles: Ethnicity at the Suburban Periphery ...................................................................................... 357 GeographiesAn Ethnic Geography of New Orleans ................................................................................................................................. 369 Richard Future Geographies That Never Were ..................................................................................................order 381 Hurricane Katrina and the Geographies of Catastrophe ....................................................................... 385 Please Bibliography ..................................................................................................................by ...................... 407 Index .........................................................................................................................Geographies ........................... 421 vii Please Orleans New Orleans of Campanellaamazon.com on New of Campanellaamazon.com Richard order on by Geographies Richard order Please by Geographies French Quarter viewed from space in 2004. Satellite image courtesy DigitalGlobe; processing by author. Please NTRODUCTION investigating the biosphere and lithosphere, geographers con- I tribute by studying the spatial arrangement of phenomena, Geographies of New Orleans deciphers the spatial pat- and how they relate to the earth. Guiding questions for the terns of a complex and fascinating place, revealing their ori- geographer, and for this book, include: gins, transformations, signifi cance, and infl uence upon the • What is the shape, form, and origin of the physical cityscape. Th e patterns investigated include those formed by landscape? the underlying landscape (“Physical Geographies”), those • How have humans transformed the landscape, and traced by the built environment (“Urban Geographies”), and vice versa? those created by the city’s great diversity of peoples (“Ethnic • How are phenomena distributed spatially, why, and Geographies”). Some chapters are descriptiveOrleans in nature, par- how have the patterns changed through time? ticularly the physical topics; most others are analytical and • What distinguishes places from each other? interpretive, particularly in the urban and ethnic sections. • How do people perceive place? Th e work draws from a wide range of traditions within the • What clues do we see in the present-day cityscape discipline of geography, including spatial analysis (mapping that refl ect the above questions? and analyzing distributions and diff usions), area/regional • How has Hurricane Katrina changed the answers to studies, earth science, human/environment relationships, the these questions, and what sort of city might emerge from interpretation of the cultural landscape, and the perception the catastrophe? of place. New As there is no one history of New Orleans, neither is Th e original goal of this book was to add geographical there solely one geography. Th eOrleans plural Geographies in the title perspectives of New Orleans, past and present, to the rich recognizes that countless patterns in the physical, urban, and array of traditional historical literature about this world-re- human realms overlay, interact, and transform over time, and nowned city. Itof also sought to contribute New Orleans’ ex- are perceived diff erently by diff erent people. Patterns of ar- perience to the geographical literatureCampanella about other
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