Optimization of the Network of Schools in Serbia Optimization of the Network of Schools in Serbia 73 Novi Knezevac Subotica Kanjiza 0 − 30
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Serbia’s school with respect to these Small schools attributes at the end of the current section. However, we feel that there We now proceed to look at the spa- is a minimum level of communica- tial distribution of key indicators tion that must be guaranteed each related to school size. As we have school - the existence of at least one seen in previous sections, the de- quality phone connection. For this mographic trends in Serbia are such reason we have placed this param- that many small schools are getting eter among our basic indicators of smaller still. At some point their total school infrastructure. enrollment goes to zero. This need not automatically signal the perma- Out of all of the schools in our data- nent closing of such schools - that base 3,517 gave an answer to this follows if the schools in question are question. Of these, 1,091 (31.0%) not working for several consecutive have no phone connection of any years. kind, 1,421 (40.4%) have a single connection with pulse dialing, 386 Serbia currently has 106 schools (11%) have more than one such that aren’t working. All but one of connection, 390 (11.1%) have a these schools are primary satellite single phone connection with tone schools. One is a secondary school. dialing, 207 (5.9%) have more than The distribution of satellite schools one such connection and, finally, that were not working in the 2001/ only 22 schools (0.6%) said they 2002 school year is shown in Map 5. had an ISDN connection. Schools with zero enrollment are Therefore, our proposed criterion for just the top of the iceberg - not a the minimal level of communication problem in itself but the indicators (one phone line) is met by 69% of of a true problem. In this case the Serbia’s schools. This is an average problem is the existence, and in- over the whole country. Map 4 gives creasing number of extremely small the percentage of schools in a given satellite schools. The problem is municipality that have telephone caused by the systematic downward connections. demographic trend, a trend further exacerbated by the ten years of eco- nomic and political crisis that Serbia has only recently put a stop to. 72 optimization of the network of schools in serbia optimization of the network of schools in serbia 73 Novi Knezevac Subotica Kanjiza 0 − 30 Senta Coka Sombor 30 − 50 Backa Topola Ada Kikinda Mali Idos Nova Crnja Apatin Kula BecejNovi Becej 50 − 70 Srbobran Odzaci Vrbas Zitiste Temerin 70 − 90 Bac Zabalj Backa Palanka Zrenjanin Secanj Backi PetrovacCity of Novi Sad 90 − 100 Titel Plandiste BeocinSremski Karlovci Kovacica Irig Indija Alibunar Vrsac Sid Opovo Sremska Mitrovica Stara Pazova Palilula Ruma Bela Crkva Bogatic Pancevo PecinciZemunNovi Beograd Kovin Sabac CukaricaRakovica Veliko Gradiste Vladimirevci Grocka Pozarevac Obrenovac Golubac Kladovo Loznica Barajevo Smederevo Koceljeva Sopot Malo Crnice Ub Kucevo Krupanj Mladenovac Lazarevac Zabari Majdanpek Mali Zvornik Osecina Lajkovac Arandelovac Velika PlanaPetrovac Valjevo Negotin Topola Ljubovija Ljig Mionica Raca Svilajnac Zagubica Batocina Bor Despotovac Kosjeric Gornji MilanovacCity of Kragujevac JagodinaCuprija Bajina Basta Zajecar Pozega Knic Uzice Cacak Paracin Rekovac Boljevac Lucani Varvarin Cajetina Razanj Arilje Cicevac Sokobanja Kraljevo Trstenik Vrnjacka Banja Priboj Krusevac Aleksinac Knjazevac Nova Varos Ivanjica Aleksandrovac Svrljig Prjepolje City of Nis Raska Brus Blace Merosina Bela Palanka Sjenica Prokuplje Gadzin Han Pirot Novi Pazar Zitorada Kursumlija Bojnik VlasotinceBabusnica Dimitrovgrad Tutin Leskovac Lebane Crna Trava Medveda Vladicin Han Surdulica Vranje Presevo (2) Map 4: Percent of schools in a given municipality that have a telephone connec- tion (2001/2002 school year) 72 optimization of the network of schools in serbia optimization of the network of schools in serbia 73 Senta Bela Crkva Beograd Bolec Ritopek Vrcin Lestane Kozuar Sopot Kotesica ProgoreociPridvoriceVodice Brangovic Raca Gornje Leskovice Rakinac Ljestansko Kragujevac Kovanica Bresnica Dulene Golovo Brezovica Alin Potok Pekcanica StubloPriboj Kasidoli Savovo Stanci Medurecje OjkovicaTrudovo Bucje Krnjaca Tepece Vrbovo ErcegeVucak Durasici Prijepolje Tiodze Rautovo Prokuplje Blazevo KunovicaRavni Do Strbovac Kaluderovo Dol Dimitrovgrad Tutin Vrelo Linovo Male Bonjince Leskovica Gagince StresakVlase DrenovacJovac BacvisteStubal BujanovacRistovac Novo Selo Trgoviste Map 5: Distribution of schools currently not working (2001/2002 school year). Larger circles denote higher concentrations of such schools. 74 optimization of the network of schools in serbia optimization of the network of schools in serbia 75 Doline Senta Rancevo Gornji Breg Sterijino Zarkovac Doroslovo Becej Backi Brestovac Jankov Most Zlatica Kisac Sangaj Grabovo Sremski Karlovci Stara Bingula Beska Malo Srediste Vrdnik Mesic Besenovacki PrnjavorIndija Belegis Socica Dobricevo Jabuka Pecinci Dolovo Bela Crkva Macvanski Pricinovic BatajnicaZemun Jakovo Lipolist Korman Bolec Ritopek Vinci Vrcin Maljurevac Usije Desic Usce Baric Vojilovo Milina Dren Golubac Orasac Vukovic Jadranska Lesnica Volujac Dvoriste Kozuar Drazevac Sopot Koceljeva Selevac Brza Palanka Dolnja Borina Radusa Orljevo Polatna Bukovska Topolnica PlaninaBastavStave Joseva Rudovci Maskar Sirdija Rudna Glava Crnca TabanovicSutci Kusiljevo Sovac Laznica Sarkamen Voljevci Leovic Tolic BorciRaca Rucevac Cubra Savkovic Susica Rudnik Svilajnac GornjaneMetris Grcic Kozelj Bresje Tamnic Razan Ramaca Tabakovac Rogacica Takovo Brusnik Jakalj Brajici Kragujevac Kovanica Zlot Jagostica Subjel Grivac PerucacPilicaTrnava Toponica Cuprija Mitrovac Loret Cacak Gruza Cikot Pozega Sljivar Dulene GolubovacKrivi Vir RajacMrsac Ilino SemegnjevoGolovo Brezovica Gledic Lasovo Adrani BacinaPardik RazanjTrgovisteBucjeSelacka Dobrace Lesevo Braljina StubloLjubis Kraljevo Lipovac Valevac Trstenik Citluk StrmacZabrde JelacaKucaniKatici Jezero Bulinovac Dakovo Gari Stanci Medurecje Rzanica Katun Bucje Vilovi Usce Novaci Krnjaca Reka Suric Cerje Vrbovo Vucak Lozno Brus Jabuka Devici Dasnica Locika Vrelo Lozan Fijulj Cerova ZvijezdHrta TrnavaRaska Sosice Blace Krupac Ravni MerosinaSicevo Rudinje Dujke Tiodze Seoce Bace Vodice Mokra MatarugeZastup Pupe Stava Dukat PirotRsovci Budevo Trnava Babicko Crvsko Dezeva Kastrat Licje Ponor Smilovci Dojevice Rudare Orasac Kursumlija Magas Dol Stol Zeljusa Tutin Vrelo Mala Kosanica Bojnik Vava Dimitrovgrad Strumce Geglja Gornji Crnis GrdelicaSvode Sponce BrodKalna Zapadni Mojstir Tupale Medevce Preslap Tulare Vlase Ruzic Mackatica SvirceStubalJovac SekrijeVranje Ploca Lukovo Belut Dukat Rataje Kocura Zli Dol Sebrat Crnovce Reljan Barbace Karamanica Oraovica Map 6: Distribution of schools with total enrollment less than or equal 10 students. Larger circles denote higher concentrations of such schools (2001/2002 school year). 74 optimization of the network of schools in serbia optimization of the network of schools in serbia 75 In 2001/2002 Serbia had 679 schools are distributed in size according (all of them primary schools) with to an exponential function with a total student enrollment between 1 characteristic scale of 28 students. and 10 (inclusive). Of these 21 are Therefore, satellite schools of 10 or special schools, 1 is a central school, less students, although they repre- while 657 are satellite schools. Map sent an extreme case, are just part 6 gives the spatial distribution of of all small schools. For example, schools with a total of ten students 589 schools have total enrollment or less. between 11 and 20. Map 7 gives the distribution of all satellite schools. We have already seen in a previ- From that map we see that they are ous section that satellite schools fairly smoothly distributed through- Photographs: Top left: A church and a picturesque old wooden school (now closed) in the village of Brzohoda near the town of Žabari in the municipality that bears the same name. Center left: A typical small satellite school in the Sjenica municipality. The school in Stup is adminis- tratively linked to the central school “Branko Radičević” in Štavalj. The four year satellite school has a total enrollment of 15 students, its central school is also small with a total of 82 students. Bottom left: A school with four students. The school in the small village of Dujke in the Sjenica munici- pality has only four students (front row), one teacher and one maintenance worker (back row, third and fourth from the left). The school is a four year satellite school attached to the central school “Jovan Jovanović Zmaj” located in the village of Raždeginja. The Raždeginja school has 207 students and is an example of a small central school. 76 optimization of the network of schools in serbia optimization of the network of schools in serbia 77 1 − 5 5 − 13 13 − 27 27 − 50 50 − 96 Map 7: Distribution of satellite schools. Larger circles denote higher concentra- tions of such schools (2001/2002 school year). 76 optimization of the network of schools in serbia optimization of the network of schools in serbia 77.