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International Herald Tribune Historical Archive 1887–2013

Various sources. Primary Source Media. International Herald Tribune Historical Archive, 1887–2013.

EMPOWER™ RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE 1887–2013

Sold in over 160 countries and read worldwide, the International Herald Tribune is one of the most innovative and original newspapers, famous for its objective and clear coverage. Bringing an international perspective, it provides a valuable counterpoint to the Anglo- American press, adding a new dimension to research.

Number of articles Number of pages Over 6 Million Over 500,000

Year of earliest document Year of last document Number of years covered 1887 2013 126

THE INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE: A BRIEF HISTORY The paper began as the European Edition of The New York Herald in October 1887. In 1935, following the merger of The New York Herald and the New York Tribune in 1924 and the acquisition of the Paris edition of The Chicago Tribune in 1934, the paper became the European Edition of the New York Herald Tribune. Following the demise of the New York Herald Tribune in 1966, the European Edition survived thanks to The Washington Post and The New York Times becoming part-owners in 1967, and the paper was renamed the International Herald Tribune. By 2003, the paper was owned solely by The New York Times and was rebranded as the International New York Times in 2013, the point at which this archive ends. Despite the multiple changes of ownership, the International Herald Tribune retained editorial independence, and continued to publish its own unique content throughout. Although some content was shared after 2002, the majority of content differs substantially from that in The New York Times.

For information on the history of the International Herald Tribune, visit www.gale.com/ihtinfo

“Stalin Near Death”, New York Hearld Tribune (Paris), March 5 1953 WHY IS THIS ARCHIVE IMPORTANT?

The diversity of both contributors and viewpoints that came from its approach created some of the most unique and insightful coverage available to the public.

This archive allows: • Exploration of a greater diversity of voices than many other newspapers, with contributors from varied countries and cultures, offering an alternative to the Anglo-American press • Access to content that will not be available in any The New York Times archive, as the International Herald Tribune was editorially independent, with only a small amount of overlap from 2002 onwards • Analysis of developments that have shaped the modern, international world, offering different voices and perspectives on key historical milestones • Discovery on a single platform, that can be accessed anywhere, anytime, fitting easily into workflows and schedules • Cross-searching with other Gale Primary Sources, opening up new avenues for digital humanities scholarship through the new availability of large-scale delivery of data and metadata

“U.S. Views Satellite as Russian Victory”, New York Herald Tribune European Edition, October 7 1957

“Salon d’Automobile 1903”, The New York Herald, European Edition, December 10 1903 “Lindbergh Arrive on Record Breaking Flight”, The New York Herald, European Edition, May 22 1927

www.gale.com/ihtinfo VALUABLE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Many important issues, topics and events were covered by the International Herald Tribune, all contained in this archive, offering reportage, opinion, and reaction. In over 500,000 pages, the complete facsimile run provided in the International Herald Tribune Historical Archive 1887–2013 provides a multitude of perspectives, some unconventional and unexpected, many differing from other major newspapers of the time. Notable coverage includes: • The Whitechapel murders, using pioneering communication technology to go beyond traditional reportage into international reaction and perspectives • The arrival of the automobile, including articles on the appropriateness of women drivers, new road etiquette, and adverts for early travel accessories • The space race, from the first satellites successfully launched into orbit to the moon landings, charting the battle between the USA and Russia • The milestones of aviation, from the voyages of Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart, to the first international balloon races and the development of modern tourism • Reaching the South Pole, covering the legendary expeditionary race between Captain Amundsen and Captain Scott

NOTABLE DOCUMENTS The International Herald Tribune has published articles by some of the most diverse and revered journalists of the twentieth century, with contributors from all over the world. Notable contributors include: • Art Buchwald (1925–2007), writer of long running humour columns that became some of the most popular regular spots in the newspaper, as well as significant one-off contributions, often around popular culture • Henry Kissenger (1923–present), noted political scientist and American diplomat, and one of the most divisive figures in 20th century political history • William Pfaff (1928–2015), noted political commentator and author, who wrote a long- running op-ed column for the paper until his death, alongside respected books on topics including nationalism and foreign policy

A MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESOURCE The collection includes a diverse range of content: war reporting to politics, cultural criticism to science and technology sit side by side among coverage of many other topics and events. The content will be of value to researchers in:

• Business and Finance • Media Studies • English Language and Literature Studies • Military History and war studies • European Studies • Imperial history and colonial studies • Gender and Women’s Studies • Transnational studies and international relations • Science and Technology • Travel and tourism • Social Studies • Humanities • U.S. History Top: “Vase en biscuit de serves”, The New • Literature, arts and popular culture York Herald Supplemnt d’Art, September • Politics 2 1902 • Social sciences Centre: “l’Oeuvre d’Albert Durer”, The New • Social and Cultural History York Herald (Paris), March 10 1912 • Western European studies Bottom: “Succession de Madame Roussel”, The New York Herald (Paris), March 10 1912 www.gale.com/ihtinfo THE GALE PRIMARY SOURCES PROGRAMME

The International Herald Tribune Historical Archive 1887–2013 is one of many resources available in the Gale Primary Sources programme which offers a ground-breaking research environment that, to date, integrates over 30 of the programme’s collections; allowing researchers to conduct one search and instantly pull related results from approximately 170 million pages of historical content. The combination of uniquely rich, full-text primary source content, dependable metadata, and intuitive subject indexing, is further enriched by innovative workflow and analytical tools.

TERM FREQUENCY The term frequency tool aids researchers in tracking central themes and ideas. Researchers can now see the frequency of their search term within a content set to begin assessing how individuals, events, and ideas interacted and developed over time.

TERM CLUSTERS The term cluster assists students in thoroughly developing their research topic. By identifying and organising frequently occurring themes, this tool reveals hidden relationships between search terms - helping users shape their research and integrate diverse content with relevant information.

TEXT & DATA MINING At request, Gale will deliver data and metadata associated with the collection for use in data mining and textual analysis, supporting the digital humanities as a growing area of scholarly research.

OTHER TOOLS & FEATURES

• Basic and Advanced search options, as well as the ability to search within an individual work • Persistent URLs for every page of the collection facilitate inclusion in course packs and bookmarking • Subject Indexing to make content accessible and expose key data elements Zotero Compatibility to optimise, collect, cite, and organise sources • User Accounts to enable users to create and edit user-generated tags and annotations, which can be saved between sessions • Image Viewer to zoom, highlight, rotate, reverse, and view pages in full-screen mode • Downloadable OCR to enable a new level of access to and analysis of search results • ‘Keywords in Context’ option on the results list previews the first keyword in the document • Unlimited downloads • Citation generator and bibliographic citation export functionality (Full citation records for each title in the International Herald Tribue from the English Short Title Catalogue) • Fuzzy Searching allows users to widen results and search for words with variant spellings • COUNTER compliant usage statistics • MARC Records available (sourced from the English Short Title Catalogue)

Discover the features and tools of Gale Primary Sources at www.gale.com/primary-sources EMPOWER™ RESEARCH

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER, AND THE ACT OF LEARNING IS EMPOWERING.

Whether you are working on your essay for an undergraduate module, or writing your dissertation, thesis, or next article for an academic journal, Gale Primary Sources provides a new and unique way to discover information. In any field of study, the best work comes from finding the right sources of information, and using them to elevate work beyond the ordinary. Research is the most important bridge to getting the results you want, and to make you and your effort stand out from the crowd. Primary sources are an invaluable part of this, and with our archives, you can start at the source, building your own contribution to your field. At Gale, our aim is to empower you. Empower you to find new and richer information, push your work to new levels, and get the results your effort deserves. Aligned with modern tools and workflows, our progressive learning resources and primary source collections help to connect you with the knowledge essential to achieving your goals.

EMPOWER™ DISCOVERY by enabling students and researchers to: • Find new connections, and use them to create unique contributions to your field • Draw your own conclusions, using primary source material to discover relevant content • Develop new and original ideas, and explore previously hidden avenues

EMPOWER™ ACHIEVEMENT by enabling libraries and institutions to: • Provide access to valuable primary sources, whenever and wherever researchers need it • Foster a culture of research excellence, delivering an environment for discovery • Help students develop lifelong skills that go beyond university and into their careers

Discover the features and tools of Gale Primary Sources at www.gale.com/primary-sources If the International Herald Tribune Historical Archive 1887–2013 will be a valuable resource to you, you will be interested in our other archives, especially:

THE TIMES DIGITAL ARCHIVE This archive presents online access to one of the most highly regarded resources for the study of 19th-, 20th-, and 21st-century history, and includes every page as published for more than 220 years. As the world’s newspaper of record, The Times covers all major international historical events from the French Revolution to the war in Iraq, forming a complete chronicle of history for the period. This archive is an essential resource for the study of history, literature, culture, business, and much more.

THE INDEPENDENT DIGITAL ARCHIVE 1986–2016 The Independent, a major British daily national newspaper, launched in 1986 as an antidote to its often overtly politicized rivals, known for its unabashed editorial stance on such issues as the legalization of drugs, the war on terrorism, and environmental concerns. Despite its left-centrist social and political positioning, the paper has featured a number of conservative columnists and is broadly pro-market on economic issues. In 2016, The Independent ceased to publish in print, and the archive has been updated to provide a complete record of the print edition of this iconic newspaper.

For more information on the history, content and features of this collection, visit www.gale.com/ihtinfo For a free trial, pricing, or further information, find your local representative at gale.com/rep

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