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The Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan
The Vegetation ofRobinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile1 Josef Greimler,2,3 Patricio Lopez 5., 4 Tod F. Stuessy, 2and Thomas Dirnbiick5 Abstract: Robinson Crusoe Island of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, as is the case with many oceanic islands, has experienced strong human disturbances through exploitation ofresources and introduction of alien biota. To understand these impacts and for purposes of diversity and resource management, an accu rate assessment of the composition and structure of plant communities was made. We analyzed the vegetation with 106 releves (vegetation records) and subsequent Twinspan ordination and produced a detailed colored map at 1: 30,000. The resultant map units are (1) endemic upper montane forest, (2) endemic lower montane forest, (3) Ugni molinae shrubland, (4) Rubus ulmifolius Aristotelia chilensis shrubland, (5) fern assemblages, (6) Libertia chilensis assem blage, (7) Acaena argentea assemblage, (8) native grassland, (9) weed assemblages, (10) tall ruderals, and (11) cultivated Eucalyptus, Cupressus, and Pinus. Mosaic patterns consisting of several communities are recognized as mixed units: (12) combined upper and lower montane endemic forest with aliens, (13) scattered native vegetation among rocks at higher elevations, (14) scattered grassland and weeds among rocks at lower elevations, and (15) grassland with Acaena argentea. Two categories are included that are not vegetation units: (16) rocks and eroded areas, and (17) settlement and airfield. Endemic forests at lower elevations and in drier zones of the island are under strong pressure from three woody species, Aristotelia chilensis, Rubus ulmifolius, and Ugni molinae. The latter invades native forests by ascending dry slopes and ridges. -
Earthquake List
1. Valdivia, Chile, May 22, 1960: 9.5 Number killed: 1,655 Number displaced: 2 million Cost of damages: $550 million The world's largest earthquake produced landslides so massive that they changed the courses of rivers and lakes. It begot a tsunami that battered the northern coastline of California, some 9,000 miles away; waves also hit Hawaii, the Philippines, and Japan where hundreds died. 2. Prince William Sound, Alaska. March 28, 1964: 9.2 Number killed: 128 Number displaced: Unknown Cost of damages: $311 million Because it occurred on Good Friday, it earned the somewhat dubious (if logical) title of the "Good Friday Earthquake." 3. The west coast of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, December 26, 2004: 9.1 Number killed: 157,577 Number displaced: 1,075,350 Cost of damages: Unknown The tsunami that followed caused more casualties than any in recorded history. 4. Kamchatka, Russia, November 5, 1952: 9.0 Number killed: Unknown Number displaced: Unknown Cost of damages: $800,000 to $1 million This earthquake unleashed a tsunami that was "powerful enough to throw a cement barge in the Honolulu Harbor into a freighter," but it wasn't widely reported in the West because it happened during the Cold War. 5. Off the coast of Ecuador, January 31, 1906: 8.8 Number killed: 500 to 1,500 Number displaced: Unknown Cost of damages: Unknown An especially violent year for earthquakes, 1906 also saw massive tremors in San Francisco and in Valparaiso, Chile. 6. Rat Islands, Alaska, February 4, 1965: 8.7 Number killed: Unknown Number displaced: Unknown Cost of damages: $10,000 Positioned on the Aleutian arc on the boundary between the Pacific and North American crustal plates, the Rat Islands occupy one of the world's most active seismic zones; with more than 100 7.0 or larger magnitude earthquakes having occurred there in the past 100 years. -
The Mw 8.8 Chile Earthquake of February 27, 2010
EERI Special Earthquake Report — June 2010 Learning from Earthquakes The Mw 8.8 Chile Earthquake of February 27, 2010 From March 6th to April 13th, 2010, mated to have experienced intensity ies of the gap, overlapping extensive a team organized by EERI investi- VII or stronger shaking, about 72% zones already ruptured in 1985 and gated the effects of the Chile earth- of the total population of the country, 1960. In the first month following the quake. The team was assisted lo- including five of Chile’s ten largest main shock, there were 1300 after- cally by professors and students of cities (USGS PAGER). shocks of Mw 4 or greater, with 19 in the Pontificia Universidad Católi- the range Mw 6.0-6.9. As of May 2010, the number of con- ca de Chile, the Universidad de firmed deaths stood at 521, with 56 Chile, and the Universidad Técni- persons still missing (Ministry of In- Tectonic Setting and ca Federico Santa María. GEER terior, 2010). The earthquake and Geologic Aspects (Geo-engineering Extreme Events tsunami destroyed over 81,000 dwell- Reconnaissance) contributed geo- South-central Chile is a seismically ing units and caused major damage to sciences, geology, and geotechni- active area with a convergence of another 109,000 (Ministry of Housing cal engineering findings. The Tech- nearly 70 mm/yr, almost twice that and Urban Development, 2010). Ac- nical Council on Lifeline Earthquake of the Cascadia subduction zone. cording to unconfirmed estimates, 50 Engineering (TCLEE) contributed a Large-magnitude earthquakes multi-story reinforced concrete build- report based on its reconnaissance struck along the 1500 km-long ings were severely damaged, and of April 10-17. -
Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship
animals Article Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship Carmen Luz Barrios 1,2,*, Carlos Bustos-López 3, Carlos Pavletic 4,†, Alonso Parra 4,†, Macarena Vidal 2, Jonathan Bowen 5 and Jaume Fatjó 1 1 Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 2 Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Región Metropolitana 8580745, Chile; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320000, Chile; [email protected] 4 Departamento de Zoonosis y Vectores, Ministerio de Salud, Enrique Mac Iver 541, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320064, Chile; [email protected] (C.P.); [email protected] (A.P.) 5 Queen Mother Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-02-3281000 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Simple Summary: Dog bites are a major public health problem throughout the world. The main consequences for human health include physical and psychological injuries of varying proportions, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgery, among others, which entail costs for the health system and those affected. The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The results showed that the main victims were adults, men. -
Concepción Chile Temple Fact Sheet
CONCEPCIÓN CHILE TEMPLE FACT SHEET The Concepción Chile Temple will be the 160th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints worldwide and the second in Chile. (The Santiago Chile Temple was completed in 1983 and renovated and re-dedicated in 2006.) The Concepción Temple will serve some 122,000 Church members in southern Chile and some southwest reaches of Argentina. Location: Avenida Quinta Junge, Concepción, Chile Plans Announced: October 3, 2009 Groundbreaking: October 17, 2015 Public Open House: September 15 - October 13, 2018 Dedication: October 28, 2018 Property Size: 4.06 acres Building Size: 23,095 square feet Building Height: 124 feet, topped with the statue of the Book of Mormon prophet Moroni Architect: Naylor Wentworth Lund Architects (NWL) General Contractor: Cosapi Mas Errazuriz (CME) Exterior Features Building: As with many of the significant religious and secular 19 th century building of Chile, the design of the Concepción Chile Temple is neoclassical with subtle French detailing. The temple is capped with a dome, as are most Chilean religious buildings. Precast concrete has been used on the exterior walls, simulating the faux limestone stucco used in other historic architecture of the region. Seismic Considerations: The Biobio region of Chile experiences high seismic activity with massive earthquakes ranging from 7.8 to 8.8 every 20-30 years. This required significant attention during the design process. A state-of-the-art base isolation system was incorporated. There are 22 “pendulum” type base isolators supporting the temple, allowing it to move 30 inches (75 cm) in any direction, for a total displacement of 60 inches (150 cm). -
Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura Opens in Chile
Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura Opens in Chile 7/15/2014 The opening marks the first Hyatt Place hotel in Chile and on the South American continent CHICAGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jul. 15, 2014-- Hyatt Hotels Corporation (NYSE: H) and HPV S.A. today announced the opening of Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura in the city of Santiago, Chile. The opening marks the second Hyatt- branded hotel in Santiago and introduces the Hyatt Place brand to Chile and the South American continent. The first Hyatt Place hotel outside the United States debuted in Central America with the 2012 opening of Hyatt Place San Jose/Pinares in Costa Rica. The Hyatt Place brand has since grown its brand presence in Latin America and the Caribbean with locations in Puerto Rico, Mexico and now Chile. Expansion is set to continue in the region later this year with anticipated Hyatt Place hotel openings in Mexico and Panama. Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura. Guestroom with Andes Mountain View. (Photo: Business Wire) As Chile continues to cement its rank of being one of the best places to do business in Latin America, backed by its 2013 designation as such by The World Bank, the country is an important business and leisure market for Hyatt. The opening of Hyatt Place Santiago/Vitacura is an important step in Hyatt’s growth in strategic gateway and regional markets throughout Latin America. “Hyatt’s history in Chile spans more than 20 years, beginning when Grand Hyatt Santiago welcomed its first guests,” said Myles McGourty , senior vice president of operations, Latin America & Caribbean for Hyatt. -
Doubletree by Hilton Santiago-Vitacura, 18Th Floor Av
DoubleTree by Hilton Santiago-Vitacura, 18th Floor Av. Vitacura 2727, Las Condes, Santiago, CHILE Day 1 - Tuesday 19 March Time Topic Speaker 0800-0830 Registration 0830-0850 Welcome and Safety Briefing Montes, SOARD 0850-0920 AFOSR International and SOARD Andersen, SOARD 0920-0940 Interactions between Cold Rydberg Atoms Marcassa, U Sao Paulo, BRA Two-photon Spectroscopy in Organic 0940-1000 Mendonca, U Sao Paulo, BRA Materials and Polymers 1000-1030 BREAK Metrology and Orbital Angular Momentum 1030-1050 U'Ren, UNAM, MEX Correlations in Two-photon Sources Optical and Magnetic Properties of 1050-1110 Maze, PUC Santiago, CHL Quantum Emitters in Diamond Insulator-Metal Transition and 1110-1130 Kopelevich, UNICAMP, BRA Superconductivity in CuCi Neuromorphic Imaging with Event-based 1130-1210 Cohen, Western Sydney U, AUS Sensors Extreme Compressive All-sky Tracking 1210-1230 Vera, PUC Valporaiso, CHL Camera (XCATCAM 1230-1400 LUNCH 1400-1420 The Chilean Neuromorphic Initiative Hevia, PUC Santiago, CHL Spin-torque Nano-oscillators for Signal 1420-1440 Allende, U de Santiago de Chile Processing and Storing Fundamentals of Plasticity and Criticality in 1440-1500 Gonzalez, U Andres Bello, CHL Thermally Regulated Ion Channels Adaptive Neural Network Mimicking the 1500-1520 Perez-Acle, Fund. Ciencia y Vida, CHL Visual System of Mammal Page 1 of 4 Retina-based Visual Module for Navigation 1520-1540 Escobar, U Tech Fed Santa Maria, CHL in Complex Environments 1540-1600 A Novel Approach to Exchange Bias Kiwi, U de Chile, CHL 1600-1640 BREAK 1620-1640 Riboswitches and RNA Polymerase Blamey, Fundacion Biocencia, CHL RF Generation Using Nonlinear 1640-1700 Rossi, INPE, BRA Transmission Lines Multi-Scale Dynamic Failure Modeling of 1700-1720 Sollero, UNICAMP, BRA Heterogeneous Materials 1720-1740 Emotion and Trust Detection from Speech Ferrer, U Buenos Aires, ARG 1740-1800 Biocorrosion Vejar, FACh / CIDCA, CHL 1800 MEETING ADJOURN 1830 Drinks DoubleTree Bar Page 2 of 4 DoubleTree by Hilton Santiago-Vitacura Av. -
PPRC/5 — IP/02 Rev. 10/07/19 Fifth Meeting of the Programmes and Projects Review Committee (PPRC/5) Mexico City, Mexico, 16 to 18 July 2019
PPRC/5 — IP/02 Rev. 10/07/19 Fifth Meeting of the Programmes and Projects Review Committee (PPRC/5) Mexico City, Mexico, 16 to 18 July 2019 Agenda Item 3: Global, Intra- and Inter-Regional Air Navigation Activities 3.3 Follow-up to the implementation of inter- and intra-regional activities ROUTES OPTIMIZATION PLAN IN CHILE (Presented by Chile) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Note informs that Chile concludes the implementation of RNAV 5 in continental airspace and RNAV 10 (RNP 10) in oceanic airspace, within the plan for optimizing ATS routes in the SAM Region. Strategic • Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency Objectives: • Economic Development of Air Transport • Environmental Protection References: • Meeting reports ATS / RO 5, ATS / RO 6 • Meeting report SAM / IG 23 • GREPECAS/18 report 1. Introduction 1.1 In November 2011, Chile implemented the RNAV 5 navigation specification in the continental RNAV airways in the Flight Information Regions of Antofagasta, Santiago, Puerto Montt and Punta Arenas. 1.2 Until then, Chile had a structure of routes based on ground radioaids and area navigation routes, both established in the same points and trajectories that commercial aviation used for flights planning and flight plans presentation. 1.3 At the ATS / RO 5 meeting held on July 2013, Chile informed about the plan for optimizing the ATS route structure being at that time developed and the implementation of the RNAV 5 navigation specification, in accordance with the trajectories and needs of the route network at the SAM Region. 1.4 The use of area navigation systems (RNAV), air traffic management (ATM) and the use of ATS surveillance systems as a whole, had allowed aircraft to fly more efficient and direct routes compared to that offered by ground radioaids airways network, resulting in a considerable increase in efficiency and PPRC/5 — IP/02 Rev. -
Chile & Argentina
Congregation Etz Chayim of Palo Alto CHILE & ARGENTINA Santiago - Valparaíso - Viña del Mar - Puerto Varas - Chiloé - Bariloche - Buenos Aires November 3-14, 2021 Buenos Aires Viña del Mar Iguazú Falls Post-extension November 14-17, 2021 Devil’s throat at Iguazu Falls Join Rabbi Chaim Koritzinsky for an unforgettable trip! 5/21/2020 Tuesday November 2 DEPARTURE Depart San Francisco on overnight flights to Santiago. Wednesday November 3 SANTIGO, CHILE (D) Arrive in Santiago in the morning. This afternoon visit the Plaza de Armas, Palacio de la Moneda, site of the presidential office. At the end of the day take the funicular to the top of Cerro San Cristobal for a panoramic view of the city followed by a visit to the Bomba Israel, a firefighter’s station operated by members of the Jewish Community. Enjoy a welcome dinner at Restaurant Giratorio. Overnight: Hotel Novotel Providencia View from Cerro San Cristóbal - Santiago Thursday November 4 VALPARAÍSO & VIÑA del MAR (B, L) Drive one hour to Valparaíso. Founded in 1536 and declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2003, Valparaíso is Chile’s most important port. Ride some of the city’s hundred-year-old funiculars that connect the port to the upper city and visit Pablo Neruda’s home, “La Sebastiana”. Enjoy lunch at Chez Gerald continue to the neighboring city of. The “Garden City” was founded in 1878 and is so called for its flower-lined avenues. Stroll along the city’s fashionable promenade and visit the Wulff Castle, an iconic building constructed in neo-Tudor style in 1906. -
The Evolution of the Location of Economic Activity in Chile in The
Estudios de Economía ISSN: 0304-2758 [email protected] Universidad de Chile Chile Badia-Miró, Marc The evolution of the location of economic activity in Chile in the long run: a paradox of extreme concentration in absence of agglomeration economies Estudios de Economía, vol. 42, núm. 2, diciembre, 2015, pp. 143-167 Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=22142863007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative TheEstudios evolution de Economía. of the location Vol. 42 of -economic Nº 2, Diciembre activity in2015. Chile… Págs. / Marc143-167 Badia-Miró 143 The evolution of the location of economic activity in Chile in the long run: a paradox of extreme concentration in absence of agglomeration economies*1 La evolución de la localización de la actividad económica en Chile en el largo plazo: la paradoja de un caso de extrema concentración en ausencia de fuerzas de aglomeración Marc Badia-Miró** Abstract Chile is characterized as being a country with an extreme concentration of the economic activity around Santiago. In spite of this, and in contrast to what is found in many industrialized countries, income levels per inhabitant in the capital are below the country average and far from the levels in the wealthiest regions. This was a result of the weakness of agglomeration economies. At the same time, the mining cycles have had an enormous impact in the evolution of the location of economic activity, driving a high dispersion at the end of the 19th century with the nitrates (very concentrated in the space) and the later convergence with the cooper cycle (highly dispersed). -
Urban Ethnicity in Santiago De Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space
Urban Ethnicity in Santiago de Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space vorgelegt von Walter Alejandro Imilan Ojeda Von der Fakultät VI - Planen Bauen Umwelt der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr.-Ing. genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Johannes Cramer Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Herrle Berichter: Prof. Dr. phil. Jürgen Golte Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 18.12.2008 Berlin 2009 D 83 Acknowledgements This work is the result of a long process that I could not have gone through without the support of many people and institutions. Friends and colleagues in Santiago, Europe and Berlin encouraged me in the beginning and throughout the entire process. A complete account would be endless, but I must specifically thank the Programme Alßan, which provided me with financial means through a scholarship (Alßan Scholarship Nº E04D045096CL). I owe special gratitude to Prof. Dr. Peter Herrle at the Habitat-Unit of Technische Universität Berlin, who believed in my research project and supported me in the last five years. I am really thankful also to my second adviser, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Golte at the Lateinamerika-Institut (LAI) of the Freie Universität Berlin, who enthusiastically accepted to support me and to evaluate my work. I also owe thanks to the protagonists of this work, the people who shared their stories with me. I want especially to thank to Ana Millaleo, Paul Paillafil, Manuel Lincovil, Jano Weichafe, Jeannette Cuiquiño, Angelina Huainopan, María Nahuelhuel, Omar Carrera, Marcela Lincovil, Andrés Millaleo, Soledad Tinao, Eugenio Paillalef, Eusebio Huechuñir, Julio Llancavil, Juan Huenuvil, Rosario Huenuvil, Ambrosio Ranimán, Mauricio Ñanco, the members of Wechekeche ñi Trawün, Lelfünche and CONAPAN. -
Report on Cartography in the Republic of Chile 2011 - 2015
REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN CHILE: 2011 - 2015 ARMY OF CHILE MILITARY GEOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE OF CHILE REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE 2011 - 2015 PRESENTED BY THE CHILEAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION AT THE SIXTEENTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION AUGUST 2015 1 REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN CHILE: 2011 - 2015 CONTENTS Page Contents 2 1: CHILEAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE ICA 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Chilean ICA National Committee during 2011 - 2015 5 1.3. Chile and the International Cartographic Conferences of the ICA 6 2: MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES 6 2.1 National Spatial Data Infrastructure of Chile 6 2.2. Pan-American Institute for Geography and History – PAIGH 8 2.3. SSOT: Chilean Satellite 9 3: STATE AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS 10 3.1. Military Geographic Institute - IGM 10 3.2. Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy – SHOA 12 3.3. Aero-Photogrammetric Service of the Air Force – SAF 14 3.4. Agriculture Ministry and Dependent Agencies 15 3.5. National Geological and Mining Service – SERNAGEOMIN 18 3.6. Other Government Ministries and Specialized Agencies 19 3.7. Regional and Local Government Bodies 21 4: ACADEMIC, EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING SECTOR 21 4.1 Metropolitan Technological University – UTEM 21 4.2 Universities with Geosciences Courses 23 4.3 Military Polytechnic Academy 25 5: THE PRIVATE SECTOR 26 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND ACRONYMS 28 ANNEX 1. List of SERNAGEOMIN Maps 29 ANNEX 2. Report from CENGEO (University of Talca) 37 2 REPORT ON CARTOGRAPHY IN CHILE: 2011 - 2015 PART ONE: CHILEAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE ICA 1.1: Introduction 1.1.1.