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B Cell Maturation Protein Is a Receptor for the Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Member TALL-1

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B Cell Maturation Protein Is a Receptor for the Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Member TALL-1 B cell maturation protein is a receptor for the tumor necrosis factor family member TALL-1 Hong-Bing Shu*†‡ and Holly Johnson* *Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, K516c, Denver, CO 80206; and †Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Edited by Philippa Marrack, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO, and approved June 1, 2000 (received for review May 11, 2000) TALL-1 is a recently identified member of the tumor necrosis factor amino acids 134–285 of human TALL-1 was amplified from a (TNF) family that costimulates B lymphocyte proliferation. Here we TALL-1 full-length cDNA clone (6) by PCR with the following show that B cell maturation protein (BCMA), a member of the TNF primers: 5Ј-GAAGCTTATGGACTACAAGGACGAC- receptor family that is expressed only by B lymphocytes, specifi- GATG-3Ј and 5Ј-AAAGGATCCTACAGACATGGTGTA- cally binds to TALL-1. A soluble receptor containing the extracel- AGTAG-3Ј. The PCR product was digested with HindIII and lular domain of BCMA blocks the binding of TALL-1 to its receptor BamHI and inserted into the HindIII and BamHI sites of the on the plasma membrane and inhibits TALL-1-triggered B lympho- pSec-Tag2B plasmid (Invitrogen) to make pSec-Flag-sTALL-1. ␬ cyte costimulation. Overexpression of BCMA activates NF- B, and To construct the mammalian expression plasmid for C-terminal this activation is potentiated by TALL-1. Moreover, BCMA-medi- hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged BCMA, a cDNA fragment encod- ated NF-␬B activation is inhibited by dominant negative mutants of ing BCMA and C-terminal HA epitope was amplified by PCR TNF receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5), TRAF6, NF-␬B-inducing ␬ from an expressed sequence tag clone (GenBank accession no. kinase (NIK), and I B kinase (IKK). These data indicate that BCMA Ј ␬ AA259026) with the following primers: 5 -ATAAGCTTTTT- is a receptor for TALL-1 and BCMA activates NF- B through a Ј Ј TRAF5-, TRAF6-, NIK-, and IKK-dependent pathway. The identifica- GTGATGATGTTG-3 and 5 -TTGGATCCTTAAGCGT- ␬ AATCTGGAACATCGTATGGGTACCTAGCAGAAAT- tion of BCMA as a NF- B-activating receptor for TALL-1 suggests Ј molecular targets for drug development against certain immuno- TGAT-3 . The amplified cDNA fragment was digested with deficient or autoimmune diseases. HindIII and BamHI and cloned into the HindIII and BamHI site of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-based plasmid to make pCMV-BCMA-HA. To construct mammalian secretion expres- embers of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family sion plasmid for soluble BCMA and Fc fusion protein, a cDNA Mplay important roles in various physiological and patho- logical processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, encoding amino acids 1–62 of human BCMA was amplified by apoptosis, modulation of immune response, and induction of PCR from the expressed sequence tag clone AA259026 with the following primers: 5Ј-GGGAATTCCATGTTGCAGATG- inflammation (1–6). At least 16 members of the TNF ligand Ј Ј Ј family have been identified. These include TNF, FasL, lympho- GCTG-3 and 5 -GGGGATCCAAACAGGTCCAGAG-3 . toxin-␣, lymphotoxin-␤, TRAIL͞APO-2L, CD27L, CD30L, The PCR product was digested with EcoRI and BamHI and CD40L, 4–1BBL, OX40L, TRANCE͞RANKL, LIGHT, inserted into the EcoRI and BglII sites of the pCMV1-Flag-Fc TWEAK, TL1, APRIL͞TALL-2, and TALL-1 (1–12). Most plasmid (18) to make pCMV1-Flag-sBCMA-Fc. TNF family members are synthesized as type II transmembrane The mammalian expression plasmid for TRAF5 dominant precursors. Their extracellular domains can be cleaved by me- negative mutant was constructed by insertion of a PCR product talloproteinases to form soluble cytokines. The soluble and encoding amino acids 69–557 of human TRAF5 into the pRK- membrane-bound TNF ligand family members bind to receptors Flag vector (19, 20). belonging to the TNF receptor family, which are type I trans- The expression plasmids for Flag-sTRAIL-R1-Fc and Flag- membrane proteins with characteristic cysteine-rich motifs (1–6). sTRAIL-R2-Fc (Claudio Vincenz, University of Michigan), TALL-1 is a novel TNF family member recently identified by CD40, TNF-R2, TRADD(296S), Flag-TRAF2(87–501), Myc- us (13) and subsequently by three other groups (14–16). Unlike RIP(559–671), Myc-NIK(KK͞AA), Flag-IKK␣(K44A), and most members of the TNF family that are expressed by activated Flag-IKK␤(K44A) (David Goeddel, Tularik, Inc., South San immune cells, TALL-1 is constitutively expressed by monocytes Francisco, CA), Flag-TRAF6(289–523) (Zhaodan Cao, Tularik, and macrophages (13, 14). Flow cytometry analysis indicates that Inc.), and the NF-␬B-luciferase (Gary Johnson, National Jewish the receptor for TALL-1 is expressed only by peripheral B Center) and IRF-luciferase (Uli Schindler, Tularik, Inc.) lymphocytes or B lymphocyte-derived cell lines, but not by reporter plasmids have been provided by the indicated peripheral T lymphocytes, monocytes, and non-B lymphocyte- investigators. derived cell lines (14, 15). Functional studies indicate that soluble TALL-1 (sTALL-1) costimulates B lymphocyte proliferation in Protein Purification. To purify Flag-sTALL-1, 500 ml of condi- vitro and administration or overexpression of sTALL-1 causes tioned medium from the 293 stable cell line expressing Flag- lymphocytic disorders and autoimmune manifestations in mice sTALL-1 was collected and supplemented with 10 mM Tris (pH (15, 17). These data suggest that TALL-1 plays an important role in monocyte͞macrophage-driven B lymphocyte activities. 7.5) and 100 mM NaCl. Two milliliters of anti-Flag antibody Here we report that B cell maturation protein (BCMA), a member of the TNF receptor family that is expressed specifically This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office. by B lymphocytes, is a receptor for TALL-1. Our findings also ␬ Abbreviations: TNF, tumor necrosis factor; BCMA, B cell maturation protein; sTALL-1, suggest that BCMA can activate the transcription factor NF- B soluble TALL-1; HA, hemagglutinin; CMV, cytomegalovirus; IKK, I␬B kinase; NIK, NF-␬B- through a TNF receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5)-, TRAF6-, inducing kinase; TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor. ␬ ␬ NF- B-inducing kinase (NIK)-, and I B kinase (IKK)- ‡To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. dependent pathway. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Materials and Methods §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Plasmids. To construct the mammalian secretion expression Article published online before print: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073͞pnas.160213497. plasmid for Flag-sTALL-1, a cDNA fragment encoding for Article and publication date are at www.pnas.org͞cgi͞doi͞10.1073͞pnas.160213497 9156–9161 ͉ PNAS ͉ August 1, 2000 ͉ vol. 97 ͉ no. 16 Downloaded by guest on September 23, 2021 Fig. 1. Expression and purification of Flag-sTALL-1. (a) Expression of Flag-sTALL-1. 293 cells were transfected with pSec-Flag-sTALL-1 or an empty control plasmid. Twenty-four hours after transfection, cell culture medium was collected and immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal anti-Flag antibody (lanes 2 and 4) or mouse IgG control (lanes 1 and 3). The immunoprecipitates were analyzed by Western blot with anti-Flag antibody. (b) Purification of Flag-sTALL-1. Conditioned medium from a 293 stable cell line expressing Flag-sTALL-1 was passed through an anti-Flag affinity column. Bound proteins were eluted with Flag peptide and analyzed by Coomassie blue staining (left lane) or Western blot with anti-Flag antibody (right lane). affinity chromatography column (Sigma) was prewashed with mixture was incubated with 25 ␮l of a 1:1 slurry of GammaBind three sequential 5-ml aliquots of 0.1 M glycine (pH 3.5) and G Plus Sepharose at 4°C for 3 h. The beads were washed with the followed by three sequential 5-ml aliquots of TBS buffer (50 mM lysis buffer three times. The precipitates were analyzed by Tris͞150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4). The medium was passed through Western blot with anti-Flag antibody. All conditioned medium the column, and the column was washed with 12-ml aliquots of was supplemented with 10 mM Tris, pH 7.5͞100 mM NaCl͞1 TBS three times. The proteins bound to the column were eluted mM EDTA͞10 ␮g/ml aprotinin͞10 ␮g/ml leupeptin͞1mM with 100 ␮g͞ml Flag peptide (Sigma). PMSF before immunoprecipitation experiments. Western blot analysis was performed as described (19, 20). Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Experiments. To detect Flag- ϫ 6͞ sTALL-1 expression, 293 cells (3 ϫ 106͞100-mm dish) were Preparation of Flag-sBCMA-Fc. 293 cells (3 10 100-mm dish) ␮ transfected with 10 ␮g of pSec-Flag-sTALL-1 or the empty were transfected with 10 g of pCMV1-Flag-sBCMA-Fc plas- control pSec-TaqB2 plasmid by Ca3(PO4)2 precipitation (19, mid. Twelve hours later, cells were washed with PBS and fresh 20). Twenty-four hours after transfection, cell culture medium medium was added. Thirty-six hours after that, cell culture was collected. A 1-ml aliquot of the medium was incubated with medium was collected and concentrated 50-fold by centrifuga- 0.5 ␮g of anti-Flag mAb (Sigma) or 0.5 ␮g of control mouse IgG, tion with Centricon-30 (Millipore). 25 ␮l of a 1:1 slurry of GammaBind G Plus Sepharose (Amer- Flow Cytometry Analysis. For most experiments, cells (1 ϫ 106) sham Pharmacia) at 4°C for 3 h. The Sepharose beads were ␮ washed three times with 1 ml of lysis buffer. The precipitates were incubated with 500 l of control medium (from the empty were fractionated on SDS͞PAGE, and Western blot analysis was control pSec-TagB2 plasmid-transfected 293 cells) or with Flag- performed with anti-Flag antibody.
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