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MANAWATŪ REGION DEFENCE SECTOR MARCH 2021 Produced by Palmerston North City Council Contents

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MANAWATŪ REGION DEFENCE SECTOR MARCH 2021 Produced by Palmerston North City Council Contents MANAWATŪ REGION DEFENCE SECTOR MARCH 2021 Produced by Palmerston North City Council Contents Executive summary 4 Introduction 6 Jobs, wages and spending 8 Broader economic effects of defence forces in the region 9 Planned capital expenditure (2020 – 2035) 10 Increasing population growth 11 Reserve Forces 12 Attracting visitors to the region 12 Manawatū Defence Hub 13 Contribution to New Zealand’s national resilience to unforeseen events and natural disasters 14 Recruitment and training 16 Estimating the economic impact of the Defence Force in the Manawatū region 18 MANAWATŪ REGION DEFENCE SECTOR } MARCH 2021 3 Executive Summary The defence industry plays a major role in the Manawatū region economy. There are a significant number of people employed at the three defence bases in the region (Linton Military Camp, Hokowhitu Campus and RNZAF Base Ohakea). In addition, major construction projects planned over the next 15 years will provide an additional boost to economic activity. Measuring economic benefits Manawatū region defence sector GDP was estimated to $368 million in the year ended March 2020, 5.6% of Statistics New Zealand annual employment estimates total GDP in the region. Defence sector GDP increased suggest there were 3,940 people employed in the by 45.6% between 2000 and 2020, which was slightly defence sector in the Manawatū region in February 2020, weaker than the 49.5% increase in total GDP in the region. accounting for 6.3% of the total workforce in the region. The sector’s share of GDP is smaller than its share of jobs The sector has been an important contributor to growth and total earnings. The low GDP share compared with in the region, with employee numbers increasing by 1,540 the contribution of the sector to jobs and earnings reflects (a 65% increase) from 2000, accounting for nearly 10% the challenges with measuring economic activity in some of jobs growth in the region over the last 20 years. Total sectors. jobs in the region increased by 35% over this period. Infometrics economic multipliers suggest the full The number of regular and civilian personnel employed economic impact of having the Defence Force based in directly by the Defence Force in the region was 3,246 the Manawatū region is $520 million. This estimate is people in 2020, with the remaining personnel employed based on the direct and indirect effects of the increase in by contractors working at the three bases in the region. economic activity created by the Defence Force. The combined NZDF total annual Manawatū region There are around 3,150 people employed at Linton and personnel (salary and wage costs) expenditure is the Hokowhitu Campus, with 2,322 people employed in approximately $235 million, accounting for over 7% of military and civilian roles, accounting for around 6% of the salaries and wages paid in the region. The Defence total work force in Palmerston North. This makes Linton Force share of salaries and wages is higher than its share the largest defence base in New Zealand, with more of the number of employees because it has a high share personnel than the Devonport Naval Base. of its workforce that is employed full-time compared with the overall workforce in the region. The Camp was significantly expanded in size in the early 1990s, providing a significant boost to economic and The economic benefits to the Manawatū region population growth in the city during that time. Further from having New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) growth has occurred in more recent years, with transfers establishments at Linton Army Camp, Hokowhitu Campus of personnel from Waiouru and Burnham. Linton is home and Ohakea Airbase are much broader than the salaries to half of the Defence Force’s Army personnel. and wages paid to employees. Economic activity created also comes from the payments to contractors at the three Personnel numbers at Ohakea are currently 950, bases, and the purchases of goods and services from accounting for 10% of the total workforce in Manawatū local businesses. District. Personnel numbers are expected to increase to 1,200 by 2023 to accommodate the transfer of No. 5 Squadron from Whenuapai from 2023. 4 MANAWATŪ REGION DEFENCE SECTOR } MARCH 2021 Increasing population growth and recognises the common interests that exist between the diversity three parties and records the intention to work together to create mutual benefits. The Statement of Intent provides A further positive economic impact from the presence a framework for the next 10 years, to ensure that the of the Defence Force in the region comes from the relationship is actively managed and that where possible, demographic change which is occurring in the region, collaborative outcomes are identified and implemented. especially in Palmerston North. The city has a young The Statement of Intent was the outcome of discussions population due to the age of the people who come into between the Mayors and Chief of Defence Force that the city as tertiary students and new enlistments to the sought to integrate the Defence Force into the long Defence Force, who are posted to Linton after their initial term planning and to align the focus of the three groups training. As a result the city is not experiencing the same beyond the military posting cycle and the effects of aging in its population compared with the overall trend. elections. Linton has the youngest workforce of the three bases in the region, with a median age of 27 years for the 2,005 Conclusions regular personnel based at Linton and a median age of 52 The establishment of three defence bases in the years for the 210 civilian personnel. The median age for Manawatū has been an important contributor to economic the city’s population in June 2020 was 34.2 years. The growth in the Manawatū region since the late 1930s. They workforce at Ohakea is a little older than for Linton, with bring significant economic benefits to the region through a median age of 31 years for the 776 regular personnel at the growth of the work force at the bases, the growth in Ohakea and 48 years for the 148 civilian personnel. The the region’s population through the families associated median age of Manawatū district’s population in June with the Defence Force personnel, and purchases from 2020 was 40.9 years. local suppliers. While most of the Defence Force’s major purchases come from overseas suppliers, there have Both Māori and Pacific ethnic groups are more prevalent been opportunities for local companies to develop new among personnel based at Linton, with 21.6% identifying business opportunities through the supply of products as Māori and 4.4% as Pacific. At Ohakea the Māori share and services to the local bases. is 6.1% of the workforce while Pacific ethnicities account for 1.5%. The $235 million Defence Force salary and wages contribution from Linton and Ohakea is only part of its Recognising the contribution of the economic contribution to the region. Both bases bring Defence Force young people into the region who would not have necessarily chosen to move to the region and many stay, Recognition of the special contribution made by the choosing to bring up their families here. The training and Defence Force to the region culminated in the updating skills development provided by the Defence Force is a and resigning of a Statement of Intent on 3 May 2019 by significant benefit. Many Defence Force personnel bring Palmerston North City Council Mayor Grant Smith, Chief partners with them with skills needed in the local work of Defence Force Lieutenant General Tim Keating, and force. This assists local employers who have experienced Manawatū District Mayor Helen Worboys. The document difficulty attracting staff to the region. WORKFORCE EARNINGS GDP 3,940 $235M $368M 6.1% of total employment 6.4% of total earnings 5.6% of total GDP MANAWATŪ REGION DEFENCE SECTOR } MARCH 2021 5 Introduction The Defence Force has played an increasingly important role in the Manawatū region since the establishment of the Ohakea Air Force base prior to the Second World War and the establishment of Linton Army Camp during the war. The importance of the defence industry to the Manawatū the largest defence base in New Zealand, with more can be easily overlooked. The three defence bases are personnel than the Devonport Naval Base. not generally open to the public and as a result it can be difficult to get a sense of the significant number of people Defence Force elements based at Linton: employed at each base. Linton Military Camp is now the 1st battalion Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment - largest Defence Force base in New Zealand, but the size provides a light infantry capability; of the base is not obvious when travelling along State Highway 57. Queen Alexandras Mounted Rifles - provides the Army’s light armoured capability; The site of the Linton Military Camp was bought by the New Zealand Government in October 1941. Tents for the 16th Field Regiment - provides an offensive support 2 Field Regiment formed the first accommodation on (artillery and mortar) capability; this site in February 1942, but within six months the first nd prefabricated huts were being built. The first housing 2 Combat Service Support Battalion located in rd blocks for officers were constructed in 1955. Linton, and 3 Combat Service Support Battalion located in Burnham - provides logistic support In 1989 Linton became New Zealand’s largest military for deployed personnel both nationally and camp, when the permanent force then stationed in internationally; Singapore was withdrawn and accommodated at Linton. nd It has grown even bigger since then with the transfer 2 engineer regiment – horizontal and vertical of frontline units from Auckland and Waiouru.
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