“In the Image and Likeness of God: Always?” Disturbances of the Human Mind 7
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Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference DOLENTIUM HOMINUM organized by No. 34 (Year XII - No.1) 1997 JOURNAL OF THE the Pontifical Council PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR PASTORAL ASSISTANCE for Pastoral Assistance TO HEALTH CARE WORKERS to Health Care Workers Editorial Board: + JAVIER LOZANO BARRAGÁN, Editor Rev. JOSÉ L. REDRADO O.H., Managing Editor Rev. FELICE RUFFINI M.I., Associate Editor Rev. GIOVANNI D’ERCOLE F.D.P. “In the Image Sr. CATHERINE DWYER M.M.M. Dr. GIOVANNI FALLANI Msgr. JESUS IRIGOYEN and Likeness Rev. VITO MAGNO R.C.I. Ing. FRANCO PLACIDI Prof. GOTTFRIED ROTH of God: Always?” Msgr. ITALO TADDEI Editorial Staff: Disturbances Rev. DAVID MURRAY M.Id. Dr. MARÍA ÁNGELES CABANA M.Id. of the Human Mind Sr. M. GABRIEL MULTIER Rev. JEAN-MARIE M. MPENDAWATU Editorial and Business Offices: Vatican City Telephone: 6988-3138, November 28-29-30, 6988-4720, 6988-4799, Telefax: 6988-3139 1996 Telex: 2031 SANITPC VA In copertina: glass-window Rev. Costantino Ruggeri Published three times a year Subscription rate: one year Lire 60,000 (abroad or the corresponding amount in local currency, postage included). The price of this special issue is L. 80,000 ($80) Printed by Editrice VELAR S.p.A., Gorle (BG) Paul VI Hall Vatican City Spedizione in abbonamento postale 50% Roma Contents 6 Cardinal Angelini’s 40 Mental Disorders Words of Greeting Around the World: for the Holy Father An Epidemiological Overview Professor José Manuel Bertolote 7 The Mentally Ill Are Also Made 44 Genetics and Environment in God’s Image Professor Yves Pélicier The Holy Father’s Address 46 The Man of the New Creation: From the Image of God 10 Introductory Remarks: to the Likeness of Christ A New Attitude Rev. Bonifacio Honings, O.C.D. Towards the Mentally Ill Cardinal Fiorenzo Angelini 52 Neuroscience Research and Mental Illness 11 WHO’s Response Professor J.J. López-Ibor to Current Challenges 59 Family and Society: in Mental Health Places of Pain Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima Dr. Anna Rosa Andretta 13 The Experience of Music Therapy 61 Autism Professor Mary Coleman 64 The Unfinished Project: Ethical Problems and Strategies for Action on Mental Retardation Professor Gian Luigi Gigli thursday november 77 Aberration in the 28 Natural Orders of Things Professor Bruno Silvestrini 81 The Acceptance of Mental Illness 16 Opening Address: Professor Carlo Lorenzo Cazzullo The Likeness of God in the Human Being Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger ROUND TABLE: 20 Introduction to the First Session THE MENTALLY ILL AND Professor Corrado Manni DIFFERENT SOCIAL MODELS 21 Basic Mechanisms of Signalling and Information Processing 86 Health: in the Brain An Invaluable Asset Professor Erwin Neher for a Robust Economy and Democracy 25 Algos and Pathos: Basic Moments Professor Eliot Sorel in Man’s Spiritual Growth Professor Pierluigi Zucchi 88 The Depressive Society Rev. Bonifacio Honings, O.C.D. Rev. Tony Anatrella 33 From Diseases of the Soul 93 Ideology, Politics, to Psychoneuroses and Psychiatry Professor Giuseppe Roccatagliata Professor Modest Kabanov 98 Culture and the Web of Meanings: 140 Psychiatry and Criminality Creating Family Professor George B. Palermo and Social Contexts for Human Predicaments 145 The Sickness and Death of Listening: Professor Vincenzo Di Nicola The Drama of Loneliness Professor Adolfo Petiziol 101 Family Reality in Regard to Mental Patients 148 Suicide: in African Countries Determinism or Freedom? Sister Andrea Calvo Prieto Professor Diego De Leo Dr. Paola Marietta 104 Society, Family, and Mental Health 155 Psychic Incapacity and Professor Amelia Musacchio De Zan the Sacrament of Marriage Monsignor Mario Francesco Pompedda 159 Intelligence, Freedom, and Holiness Professor Francisco Alonso Fernandez 164 The Intelligence of the Universe friday Dr. Ermanno Pavesi november 29 168 Man in the Nakedness of His Madness and the Meaning of His Delirium Professor Paolo Pancheri 109 Anxiety: 173 Accursed Circles: The Illness of All The Dantean Vortex of Madness Professor Gisela Crespo Rev. Mariano Galve 113 When Disquiet Invades the Body Professor Ferruccio Antonelli ROUND TABLE: PREVENTION, TREATMENT, 116 The Biology and Psychology AND REHABILITATION of Depression Professor Julio Licinio 178 Prevention in the Field 121 Abnormalities of the Mind of Mental Health in Schizophrenia Professor Pierre F. Chanoît Professor Malcom Lader 183 Integrated Therapies 125 The Dignity of Madness for Schizophrenic Patients Monsignor Ignacio Carrasco de Paula and Their Families Professor Janos Füredi 129 Creativity and Mental Disturbance 186 Psychotherapy Professor Antonio Fernandes da Fonseca Rev. Franco Imoda, S.J. 132 A Measureless Mind: 193 Psychosocial Therapies Manic-Depressive Illness Professor Eugene Wolpert Professor Dina Nerozzi Frajese 196 Rehabilitative Therapies 137 Nonhuman Man in Psychiatry Professor Wanda Poltawska Professor Driss Moussaoui ROUND TABLE: LEGISLATION saturday ON MENTAL ILLNESS november 30 218 Legislation on the Mentally Handicapped in Germany Ambassador Philipp Jenninger 199 The Image of the Mentally Ill in the Mass Media 222 Mental Health Law Dr. Joaquín Navarro-Valls And Mental Health Services in the Republic of China 202 Ethics and Psychiatry Ambassador Raymond R. M. Tai Professor Michele Schiavone 226 Legislation and Mental Health 205 The Role of the Church in Argentina in the Treatment of the Mentally Ill Ambassador Francisco Eduardo Trusso Rev. Pierluigi Marchesi, O.H. 229 Mental Health Law 208 Pastoral Care and the in the Gabon Spirituality of the Mentally Ill Dr. Michel Mboussou Most Rev. Hervé Itoua The illustrations in this issue have been taken from Universitas Aromatariorum. Storia e documenti del Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico di Roma, published in a special edition by Merck Sharp & Dohme—Italy “I was sick and you visited me” (Mt. 25:36) 6 DOLENTIUM HOMINUM CARDINAL ANGELINI’S GREETING TO THE HOLY FATHER Holy Father: with that humanized and humanizing dimen- This Eleventh International Conference or- sion to which you, Holy Father, have so often ganized and promoted by the Pontifical Coun- called our attention so nobly. cil for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care The question which is contained in the title Workers marks a new milestone on the road of of our Eleventh International Conference does research, analysis, reflection, and practical not express a doubt. On the contrary, it seeks to conclusions traveled by this Council from its stimulate an ever deeper answer in the affirma- inception in connection with the fundamental tive—in the knowledge that every living hu- questions concerning the sanctity of life and man being is a celebration of the glory of God. the dignity of the human person. This compelling and Christian answer does Researchers, scientists, scholars in biomedi- not aspire to be merely scientific, nor can it be cine, theologians, psychiatrists, sociologists, a matter of a simple statement of principle. It and moral theorists have here addressed them- seeks, instead, to shake consciences—espe- selves to the various questions concerning the cially those of health care workers, but also of structure of the human mind, the dramatic facts all those who identify with the solicitude on the widespread presence of mental illness, which has always animated the Church’s ap- its direct and indirect causes, the places where proach to the mentally ill—so that these are disturbance occurs, the large number of social never forgotten and certainly not excluded, but reference models, the forms and the manifesta- come to be considered our very real brothers tions of its various kinds of pathology, and the and sisters. criteria and the means of prevention, treatment, The reception that this International Confer- and rehabilitation. ence has met with this year, too, is a source of With ethical and spiritual goals in mind, in- authentic hope that the ecclesial community in quiry has been carried out into the tasks and particular will become ever more sensitive to methods of helping and caring for the mentally the questions and problems of the mentally ill, ill—both from a strictly clinical point of view thereby giving rise in scientists, health profes- and in terms of pastoral assistance—in line sionals, and volunteers, to a growing spirit of service which is guided by the vocation and mission of the civilization of love. To sum up, this meeting with Your Holiness seeks to be an opportunity and a witness to faith in the guidelines laid down by the magis- terium of the Church, that demonstrates and confirms—above all, in her care and concern for the sick and the suffering—that she is a lov- ing and attentive mother. May your paternal and inspired words, which draw this international encounter for study and reflection to a close, accompany the hope that with enthusiasm and courage all of us here today will renew our commitment to serve those who suffer! FIORENZO Cardinal ANGELINI President of the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers “IN THE IMAGE AND LIKENESS OF GOD: ALWAYS?” DISTURBANCES OF THE HUMAN MIND 7 ADDRESS BY THE HOLY FATHER The Mentally Ill Are Also Made in God’s Image 1. I am pleased with this meeting, which al- ture—seem severely limited and even imped- lows me to offer you my greetings, distin- ed by a pathological process. She therefore re- guished participants in the international confer- minds the political community of its duty to ence sponsored by the Pontifical Council for recognize and celebrate the divine image in Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers on man with actions that support and serve all the problem of mental illness, with the signifi- those who find themselves in a condition of cant title: In the Image and Likeness of God: serious mental illness. This is a task which sci- Always? Disturbances of the Human Mind. ence and faith, medicine and pastoral care, I affectionately greet Cardinal Fiorenzo An- professional skill, and a sense of common gelini, whom I thank for his cordial address.