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TMS: Research papers, historical and personal essays, transcriptions of documents

Unless noted, this material has not been published. Permission to publish must be obtained from the Norwalk History Room and/or the author/copyright holder. TMS file – File Cabinet 8

Title – File # Author A Boy grows in the Strolin Family, 31 p., and, 75-76 Strolin, Joseph C. Sr. , 1921- Not So Long Ago, by Joseph C. Strolin, 1921- [49] p. Donated by Joseph C. Strolin, Jr., 4/28/85 Act Consolidating the Town of Norwalk with the 6 Norwalk, Town of cities of Norwalk and South Norwalk and the Firs District, and incorporating the City of Norwalk. Draft to be voted on. Norwalk, 1913, 50 p., with added amendments. Donated 3/27/71 South Norwalk Public Library. Advertising, then and now, by Dorothy Volo 119 Volo, Dorothy An Era of Extravagance: The Lockwood Manor 155 King, Alan House, 1864-1868 – overview of projected book An Old Norwalk Cemetery [Brookside], by 16 Smith, Wilbur F. Wilbur F. Smith; Includes list of headstones compiled by Lester Card, 1936. Norwalk, 1952, 10 p. 2 copies, 1 including letter and sketch map. Donated 3/16/72 South Norwalk Public Library. Appraisal, buildings M.N. Mayehoff & Co., 19 Bliss & Cole, Appraisers Norwalk, Conn. June 1922. Bliss & Cole, Appraisers, Hartford. [photographs numbered & removed: filed with Merwin Street] Asa E. Smith pottery: From the Norwalk, Conn. 143 Barrett, Michael Ann Land records, by Michael Ann Barrett. [1772- 1887]. Autobiography of Nathaniel Bouton D.D., former 33 Bouton, Nathaniel D.D. pastor of the First Congregational Church of Concord N.H. and late historian of New Hampshire … ed. By John Bell Bouton. : Anson D.F. Randolph & Co., 1879, 87 p. Donated by John R. Cuneo. Photocopy. Photostats of original were loaned for copying by Lawrence D. Church, 5/83. Brien McMahon: Statesman & Senator 111 McMahon, Carol [MISSING] Broad River School District, by Joan G. 61 Robidoux, Joan G. Robidoux. [Original school building, use before conversion to Fairfield County Savings Bank. Research for “America’s Country Schools], May 14, 1984, 11 p. Building of the Historic Complex, Norwalk, 150 Fedor, Ferenz Conn., 1982 Central Catholic High School, Student research 106 papers, 1986: Chimon Island. Benjamin Isaacs. Island. Justin and John B. Gruelle. Washington Street Bridge. Palace Theater. Hoyt Theater. History of Catholicism in Norwalk from 1651-1900. Five Norwalkers of the 1800s: [Gustavus Franke. Peter Guigue. Burr Knapp. William R. Nash. William Evert Quintard]. Child’s Life in 17th-18th century, by Marcia K. 113 Moore, Marcia K. Moore, 31 p. (Kendall Elementary School) Chronology of the Town of Norwalk 1640-1940 1 Beard, Patten commemorative of Norwalk’s 300th anniversary of Indian purchased land, 1640. Unpublished first draft by Patten Beard. Norwalk, Federal Writers of America, 1940. 109 p. [in box located with uncataloged manuscripts. ST-1b, bay 4] Colonial games, by Elsa Heres, 27 p. (Silvermine 122 Heres, Elsa Elementary School) Commercial Building Block 43 South Main 20 Bergmann, Richard, Street. Historical Architectural Research, May 20, Architects 1977, by Richard Bergmann, Architects, with the assistance of Mary Louise King, Norwalk Redevelopment Agency. [MISSING] Commercial sailing vessels of the 19th century. 70 Platzer, Michael From talk given by Dr. Michael Platzer, 3 March 1985. Community Profile. Fairfield County. Norwalk, p. 30 24-29. Community Housing Investment Fund. [Includes Schools, Transportation, Day Care, Housing, Churches, etc.] Comparing the ways families dressed, from 1800- 114 Villegas, Jetty 1900, by Jetty Villegas, 32 p. (Silvermine Elementary School) Men in War of the Rebellion. 35 Corrected, amended or additional records. 41 p. [See R355.0092 REC] Constitution and By-laws of the German Singing 64 Norwalk Quartette Club Club “Frohsinn,” 1868 [later became “Arion,” then “Germania,” then “South Norwalk Quartette Club”], 1978. Copy of Diary kept while in the Army, p. 140 Ruscoe, Floyd T. (1843- [1-62], 1862. Letter to father [and diary?], St. 1914) Augustine, Fla., p. 1-44, 1865, by Floyd T. Ruscoe. [original mss., in faded ink] Cultural Resource Assessment of a Site for the 17 Raber, Michael S. Proposed Norwalk Community College. Prepared for the Dept. of Administrative Services-Bureau of Public Works. Hartford, by Michael S. Raber, Feb. 1980, 34 p. Donated 3/16/72 South Norwalk Public Library. Danbury & Norwalk Railroad, a Successful 107 Cornwall, L. Peter Enterprise, by L. Peter Cornwall, in, Shoreliner, [2 issues, pts. 3 & 5]. Danbury & Norwalk Railroad, Successful 94-95- Cornwall, L. Peter Enterprise, by L. Peter Cornwall, in, Shoreliner, [3 96 issues, pts. 1, 3, 4] (& duplicate, pt. 4) Danbury and Norwalk Railroad, a successful 34 Cornwall, L. Peter enterprise [partial typescript], by L. Peter Cornwall, May 15, 1983, 24 p. Gift of the author, 1053 Valley Rd., New Canaan CT 6/29/83. Detlef Lienau (1818-1887), and Elm Park (1862- 39 Gault, Robert Taylor 1867), by Robert Gault Taylor, 4, 7 p. Detlef Lienau, an Architect of the Brown 131 Kramer, Ellen W. Decades, by Ellen W. Kramer, in, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, XIV, 1, p. 18- 25. Photocopy. Fairfield County Children’s Home, by Barbara 108 Badger, Barbara Strolin Badger Strolin. Includes news clippings, photocopied. Donated by Joseph C. Strolin. Fairfield County Savings Bank: A Brief History, 134 by Katherine Midlock, Catherine Cody & Lois Nardi. Photocopy. Fitch House, built ca. 1850, Braeburne Drive, East 65 Norwalk, Conn. Compiled by Doorways (Jean Mulford and Virginia Woodward), 1983. Fitch’s Home for Soldiers and their Orphans, 52 Noroton Heights, Conn., founded by Benjamin Fitch, 1864. Memorial Dedication, May 27, 1984, [18] p. Donor, Atty. Edmund F. Schmidt, 10 Corbin Dr., Darien 06820, 6/13/84. Genealogical data from Manual of First 7 Card, Lester Congregational Church, Norwalk Conn. South Norwalk, by Lester Card, 1935, 40 p. Donated 3/16/72 South Norwalk Public Library. German-Americans in Norwalk, by Inge Steer, 62 Steer, Inge April 25, 1978. Getting Ahead: Aaron Homer Byington and 133 Hinkle, Lawrence E. Harriet Sophia Richmond at Norwalk, Washington and Naples (1826-1910, by Lawrence E. Hinkle, 2001. Gov. (1754-1766), law office at 53 Mill Hill. Notes for tour guides, 22 p. Grave lessons in Poetry, by Eleanor Vanderpool, 9 117 Vanderpool, Eleanor p. (Ponus Ridge Middle School) Hat Corporation of America, by Flip Weintz, 40 p. 92 Weintz, Flip Donated by Joyce Fischman, 3/86. Headlong into the River, New York & New 23 Griswold, Wesley S. Haven Railroad, South Norwalk, Conn, May 1853, by Wesley S. Griswold, p. 7-16, in Train Wreck!: The Story of 19 Historic Rail Disasters, 1833-1958. Photocopy. Donated 3/82 Mrs. Mildred Eisele, 15 Reynolds St., East Norwalk. Highlights of the Seymour Family Festival [held 38 Seymour, Malcolm at Penhow Castle, Ghent Wales], by Malcolm Seymour, 1979, 22 p., with photographs and cassette tape [tape in “vertical file box”]. Gift of author-compiler. Historic American Building Survey: Lockwood 27 Mathews Mansion, Elm Park, 16 p. HABS No. Conn. 265. 2 copies. History and description of the [Lockwood 88 Mathews] mansion, room by room. History and Genealogy of the Allen, Craft, St. 31 Allen, Dewitt C. John, Betts Families, by Dewitt C. Allen, 76 p., indexed. [Duplicate of R929.2 ALLEN ALL] History of Corner Chair, NY, 1760-1780, by 21 Vail, Carolyn F. Carolyn F. Vail, Nov. 25, 1975. 2 p., chart. Provenance of chair belonging to Rev. Matthias Burnet. History of Elm Park, by Nancy Forrest. Cover 109 Forrest, Nancy title: Mathews Mansion. History of Sheffield Island, by Virginia A. 10 Marcus, Virginia A. Marcus, Stamford, c 1968, 23 p., 2 copies. Donated 8/28/75 Ralph C. Bloom. History of the , by Jeff Bolster, 26 Bolster, Jeff 1970, 41 p. Copy of map courtesy of Rowayton Historical Society. [Donated] 8/82. Hope: Norwalk’s Answer to Oystering, by 112 Shaer, Christine Christine Shaer, 37 p. (Jefferson Elementary School) House history: #68 Strawberry Hill Avenue, 1986, 86-87 Robidoux, Joan G. and, #189 Rd., and the West Norwalk Community, 1985, by Joan G. Robidoux. Hoyt and Betts genealogy, 1982, by W.B. Hoyt. 25 Hoyt, W.B. Includes copies of photographs and documents. Donated 7/82 Bradford Hoyt. In Celebration of the Life of 151 Schlumb, Joseph G. In Memoriam: Lean Peterson McMullen: (1854- 79 1919), married to John McMullen, with photographs. Donated by Mrs. Helen Berglund, 8/3/70. Index to the Norwalk Gazette, 1818-1848, 60 prepared by the New Canaan Historical Society. Photocopy. Index to the Norwalk Gazette, 1818-1867 [i.e., 72 Montgomery, Marshall 1818 -1858], by Marshall Montgomery for the New Canaan Historical Society. Inventory & distribution of real estate, [of] Elbirt 103 Woodward, Elbirt A. A. Woodward, 1906. Original and clipping from The Evening Sentinel, 20 Oct. 1906. Joseph Loth Company Building, Yankee Metal 42 National Register of Historic Building, 25 Grand St., Norwalk, 23 p., illus. with Places Inventory, photos. Photocopy. Donated 2/8/84.[Gilchrist, Nomination Alison], 55 Toilsome Rd. Stamford. Journal, Travels Out West, June 25-Oct. 20, 1917 147 Hoyt, Nettie Kendrick Light on Early Connecticut Jewry, by Jacob Rader 105 Marcus, Jacob Rader Marcus, in, American Jewish Archives, Jan. 1949, p. 3-52. Lockwood Genealogy, compiled by Thomas D. 36 Ayres, Thomas D. Ayres, 1979, unpaged, index. Gift of T.D. Ayres, 3 Windham Drive, Simsbury CT 06670, July 1983. Marvin-Taylor Farm, by Lisa West, [MISSING] 124 West, Lisa Materials toward a History of Rowayton and 67 Hunt, Malcolm P. vicinity, [part 1], by Malcolm P. Hunt. Donated by Malcolm P. Hunt. Materials toward a History of Rowayton and 68 Hunt, Malcolm P. vicinity, [part 2], by Malcolm P. Hunt. Donated by Malcolm P. Hunt. Memoirs: Personal Experiences and Other Events 84 Nash, Harold Related to My Life, by Harold Nash, [82] p. Donated by Mr. & Mrs. Walter Sametz, Oct. 1985. Memorandum to the City of Norwalk Planning & 58 Zoning Commission concerning the Yankee Metal Products Building Proposed Residential Conversion. March 15, 1984. Memorandum: Historic Preservation, Shoreline 24 Reed, Linda Appearance and Urban Design. [Linda Reed]. Planning & Zoning Commission, May 20, 1981, 16 p., illus., maps, charts, bibliography. Mill Hill or Town House Cemetery: inscriptions 15a. & index. Copied Aug. 1971 by members of the 15b. First Congregational Church. Norwalk, 61 p. [5 15c. copies in 3 envelopes]. Donated by Harold Martin. Miscellaneous Notes re Shipping and Ship- 139 Tolles, Bob Building in Norwalk CT, by Bob Tolles, 7 p., 2009 [NM 09.57.1] Mulligan Posterity: Genealogy of Patrick & 37 Robidoux, Joan Guiles Bridget Hand Mulligan, by Joan Guiles Robidoux, 1973, 13 p. Donor, J.G. Robidoux. Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Levi 130 Bushnell, Charles L. Hanford: a Soldier of the Revolution, by Charles L. Bushnell. New York: Privately printed, 1863 [negative photostat, mirror images. Original copy digitized - catalog record 011208835] Nash Genealogy, 1976, by Harold Nash, [34] p., 83 Nash, Benjamin genealogical chart. Donated by Mr. & Mrs. Walter Sametz, Oct. 1985. Norwalk and South Norwalk libraries, by Victor 55 Fallas, Victor Fallas. Written for class at Central Catholic High School, 1984, 6 p. Norwalk Born by the Sea, by Rita Papazian. 59 Papazian, Rita Published in Profiles, Nov. 1984, 3 p., illus. Norwalk census of 1800; includes New Canaan, 8 Card, Lester parts of Wilton and Westport. South Norwalk, transcribed by Lester Card, 1936, 33 p., indexed. Norwalk census, 1830-1880, [Norwalk potters 138 Street, Eleanor F. only], by Eleanor F. Street, unpaged. Norwalk Directories, 1882-84, 1889-90, 1891-92, 136 Rich, Kathy 1892-93, [extractions of Norwalk potters], by Kathy Rich, [5] p. Norwalk early school district records, 1800-1867, 9 Card, Lester transcribed by Lester Card, Norwalk, 1941, 19 p. Donated 3/16/72 South Norwalk Public Library. Norwalk Federalism and Republicanism, 1798- 4 Wilson, Betty 1803, 1971, 13 p. Norwalk Hearse Association Ledger, 1831-1848, 129 Norwalk Hearse Association [17] p. Transcribed by Joan G. Robidoux, Oct. 1991. [Original pages included in ledger book LE- 57, “John Marshall’s Freight Book.”] Norwalk Kiwanis Club, by Joseph A. Troy. 54 Troy, Joseph A. Written for class at Central Catholic High School, 1984, 8 p. Norwalk Maritime Records: Ships owned by 89 Norwalk people and built in Norwalk. [54] items, documents, photographs. Photocopies. Norwalk newspapers: Dates of 19 known 22 newspapers published in Norwalk, 1800 to date, and repositories. [See updated ed., Newspapers in Connecticut Institutions, 1997. R070.46 NEW] Norwalk potters. Photocopies of advertisements. 141 Norwalk Quiz, 1943 148 Beard, Patten Norwalk schools. Copied by M.R. Olmstead from 145 Olmstead, M.R. Town Recordings, vols. 1 & 2. Office of the Town Clerk. Aug. 1950. Norwalk, 1920: a Great Old Gal, 1986, by W. 97 W. Kendall, Brinckerhoff Kendall Brinckerhoff, 9 p. Donated by the author. Norwalk, Conn, by Angeline Scott, in, New 77 Scott, Angeline England Magazine, Vol. 26, March-April 1902. Original pages and photocopy. Norwalk’s Magyar colony, by Verna E. Pollak 121 Pollak, Verna E. Norwalk’s Volunteer fire departments, by Stephen 69 Jarboe, Stephen Jarboe. Written for class at Central Catholic High School, 31 May 1984. Notes on the 1885 editions of the South Norwalk 71 Mobilia, Dorothy Sentinel, 3 p. March 1985, by Dorothy Mobilia. [Additional article on microfilm status of Sentinel, [4] p.] Notes, Family of General Nelson Taylor (1821- 40 Hayes, Nelson Taylor 1894), by Nelson Taylor Hayes, 2 copies, documents and letters. [Biographical sketch by his great-grandson], with 5 slides in envelope on cover. Gift of the author. Obed Hale and other descendants of Thomas Hale 12 Leger, Persis Dewey of Norwalk …, by Persis Dewey Leger, Berea, OH, 1948, 29 p., with photographs. Donated 4/72 John R. Cuneo. Old Church house town [torn] down, photocopied 32 transcription of clipping from Norwalk Hour, 26 Jan. 1922. [House built by David Hendrick Joyner for Ebenezer Church]. Old Norwalk Lockup, by Nancy H. Broeder. 18 Broeder, Nancy H. Report for archaeology class at SUNY, Purchase NY, June 1980, 78 p. Donated 5/27/80 Nancy H. Broeder. [MISSING] Oystering in Norwalk, by Patricia Morrison, 123 Morrison, Patricia [MISSING] Palco Hat Company building, 7 Monroe St. 146 Historical Technologies Norwalk CT (Report). Prepared by Historical Technologies, for Osprey Engineering, Clinton CT, 2001 Papers of Wilbur F. Smith, Norwalk, 1943-[1953], 5 Smith, Wilbur F. various pagings. Donated 3/27/71 South Norwalk Public Library. Papers relating to the Smith Family and the 44-50 Smith, Nancy Norwalk Islands, by Nancy Smith. [7 papers in one envelope] Past History of West Norwalk, and Autobiography 99 Johnson, Ernest W. of Ernest W. Johnson, 36 p. Cover title: The True Life Story of a Country Boy. Donated by the author. [also pamphlet Pl-241] Phineas Hill and the Stonecutting Business in 144 Bates, Jack Norwalk CT, 1818 to 1820, by Jack Bates, 5 p., illus. Donated by Jack Bates, 2003. [NM 03.210.1] Pilot Study Report: Service people in Fairfield 142 Zbory, Ronald J. County in the 18th and 19th centuries, by Ronald J. Zbory, 51 p., 1983. Potters and their families from the 1830, 1850 and 137 Laslo, Stephen 1870 census, by Stephen Laslo, [10] p. Private First Class John David Magrath, 1924- 154 MacDonald, Robert W. 1945 Racial [i.e., ethnic] groups of Norwalk, by WPA 74 Federal Writers Project. Ram weathervane [Norwalk Mill Co., ca. 1875], 85 Robidoux, Joan G. by Joan G. Robidoux, 1986. Recollections of growing up in Silvermine, by 57 McKay, David, 1912- David McKay, 1912-. Donated by Darien Historical Society 10/4/84. [FOUND 12/2015] Reed Family Story, by Vera Colton Halstead. 13 Halstead, Vera Colton Clermont FL, 1968, 41 p., genealogical charts. Donated 8/3/72 John R. Cuneo. References of Wilton history, 8 p., bibliography. 14 Donated 8/28/72 Ralph C. Bloom. Reminiscences [History of Washington Street 135 Bell, George S. Bridge], by George S. Bell, 9 original sheets, 1894, photocopied and transcribed, 2000. Reminiscences of Ely Neck Road, by Wilbur F. 3 Smith, Wilbur F. Smith. Norwalk, 1943, 7 p., [3 copies, 1 with sketch map]. Donated 3/16/72 South Norwalk Public Library. Report of the Board of the [South Norwalk] 80 Electric Light Commission Electric Light Commission, Nov. 19, 1894. Report to Merchants’ Bank & Trust Company, 59 128 Gilroy & Gaydosh, Wall St., 1956, by Gilroy & Gaydosh, Architects.. Architects Scribner Family study, pt. 1, Introductory notes. 125 Scribner, Albert W. Donated by the author, Albert W. Scribner, Darien CT Scribner Family study, pt. 2, Documents. Donated 126 Scribner, Albert W. by the author, Albert W. Scribner, Darien CT Scribner Family study, pt. 3, Genealogical charts. 127 Scribner, Albert W. Donated by the author, Albert W. Scribner, Darien CT Secluded Witch Lane Cemetery, Resting Place of 2 Hill, Carlton E. Eseas Bouton, Famous British Loyalist, by Carlton E. Hill. Typescript, transcribed from The Evening Sentinel, 5 July 1930. 4 p., map, photos. Donated 8/28/75 Ralph C. Bloom. Silvermine School’s Neighborhood: Changes 115 Asher, Phyllis through the years 1945 and today, by Phyllis Asher, 9 p. (Silvermine Elementary School) Singewald Family Tree: First Search, United 28 Singewald, Frank States; Second Search, Germany, by Frank Singewald. Also paperback, To Succeed in Business, Get There Honestly if you Can, But Get there. The Singewalds – a Broken Branch. Exposition Press, 1982. Donated 8/82 South Norwalk Public Library. Slavery in Connecticut, 1790-1840, by James 118 Volo, James Volo Sons of Hermann, Humboldt Lodge #6 63 Steer, Inge (O.D.H.S.), 1886-1943, by Inge Steer. April, 1978. Spruce Swamp: a Partially Drowned Coastal 73 Powell, Bernard Midden in Connecticut, by Bernard Powell. Reprinted from American Antiquity, vol. 30, No. 4, April 1965. [Included with instructional pages for Spruce Swamp archeological dig, Norwalk Connecticut]. St. Ladislaus [Church], by Jacki Laszlo. Written 56 Laszlo, Jacki for class at Central Catholic High School, 1984, 7 p. St. Paul’s Cemetery headstones transcribed, 1907, 152 Van Hoosier, David H. by D.H. Van Hoosier, photocopied from The Hour Stephen Fitch House, Old Sturbridge Village, 89 81 p. [built in Willimantic, Conn., 1735-37, moved to Sturbridge Village, Mass., 1939]. Donated by Helen Halley, 1972. Stories of people and places in U.S. history, by 90 Strolin, Joseph C. Joseph C. Strolin, 1985, 75 p. Study of the Comstock-Newell House, Norwalk, 41 Cook, J.S. Conn., Jan. 3, 1961, by J.S. Cook, illus., bibliography, footnotes. [210 Ponus Ave., home of R.R. Newell, later owned by Richard Miles]. Tax Assessment List, Norwalk, 1829. Transcribed 51 by Janet Ackerman from original at the Connecticut State Library, 4/82. Taylor-Sherman House. Excerpts from books and 78 newspaper articles, [5] p. [Located at 87 Main Street, Norwalk]. The Campaign in Connecticut. Speech of the Hon. 43 Wood, Fernando Fernando Wood at the Great Democratic meeting held in Norwalk, 20th of March 1860. [Published by the Daily News]. Photocopy. The in the Last Forty Years, by 29 Swanberg, J.W. J.W. Swanberg, in New England States Limited. Winter 1977-78, p. 28-36, photographs. Photocopy. The Fairyland of Love and Laughter. “Radio 104 Norris, Margaret (Blanche E. stories,” 25 March 1925, by Margaret Norris Wade) (Blanche E. Wade). Donated by Mrs. Kerr, 10/29/84. The Hatters of Norwalk, by Joyce Fischman, 23 p. 98 Fischman, Joyce [Interviews]. The Last Slave in Connecticut, New Canaan 153 Hall, Isaac H. Messenger, 1885 Things to be Remembered, 10 p. [recollections of 132 Lyman, W.W. Georgianna Baird (Mrs. Gould J. Hoyt), written by her husband, W.W. Lyman, 1975]. Trade Cards, a glimpse into Norwalk’s business 116 Volo, Dorothy past, by Dorothy Volo, 16 p. (Briggs High School) Trip to Saratoga, Niagara Falls, Montreal and 82 Lockwood, Julia A. Quebec, 1 Aug. to 20 Sept. 1855, by Julia A. Lockwood,18 p. Unfinished Story [Edwards & Co.], 1937 149 Kershaw, R.B. W.P.A. murals, a Kindergarten perspective, by 120 Arndt, Ginny Ginny Arndt We Write with Ink, 1929, 4 p.; Sister Mathew, 110 Strolin, Joseph C. 1934, 4 p.; The Strolins Build Their Dream House, 16 p.; Not So Long Ago, 53 p.; A Walk in a Norwalk Wood, 5 p. by Joseph C. Strolin. We Write with Ink: St. Mary’s School, Norwalk, 100 Strolin, Joseph C. 1929, 3 p. Sister Mathew: St. Mary’s School, Norwalk, 1935, 2 p. Donated by the author, Joseph C. Strolin. Wild flowers of the Norwalk islands, by Virginia 11 Marcus, Virginia A. A. Marcus, Stamford, 1972, 28 p., 2 copies. Donated 8/28/75 Ralph C. Bloom. Will of William R. Lockwood, died 10 June 1896. 102 From H. Smith, Estate Book. Wills & inventory of estates of John & Lena 101 (Peterson) McMullen. Yankee Doodle (Song): its origin, photocopied 91 Robidoux, Joan G. articles from various magazines, by Joan G. Robidoux, 1986. Donated by Joan G. Robidoux, 1986.