Inst. Of Photo-electronics

The prospect and current status of CIGS thin-film solar cells in

Sun Yun

[email protected]

Institute of photo-electronics, Nankai university Jun.23, 2016 Inst. Of Photo-electronics

General introduction of CIGS thin film solar cells Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Institute of photo-electronics in Nankai Univesity ,China

(The earliest institute focus on CIGS solar cells)

* The efficiency of CIS/CdS solar cell with evaporation process has reached 4.7%(1cm2) and a-Si/CIS solar cells of 7.44％ in 1992; * The efficiency of CIS/CdS solar cell has reached 7.28％(1cm2) in 1995; * The efficiency of CIGS/CdS solar cell has reached 9.13%（1cm2）in 1999； * The efficiency of CIGS/CdS/ZnO/AZO solar cell has reached 12.1% (1cm2）in 2003;

The first selenization furnace in Sputtering and research group in 1999 1999 selenization system Inst. Of Photo-electronics

CIGS solar cells test platform in Nankai University

Prof. Sun’s group has developed several CIGS preparation methods including co-evaporation, sputtering-selenization, non-vacuum process and CIGS solar cells with different substrates such as glass, SS and PI. THE achievement of this group include more than 170 published papers,19 PH.D theses and more than 50 master’s thesis., contributing a lot to the growth of CIGS industry in China and the world. Inst. Of Photo-electronics Communication with world-famous scientist Inst. Of Photo-electronics

wxAMPS-newly developed simulation software

Cooperated with University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign，Liu Yiming newly developed wxAMPS based on AMPS. The wxAMPS is convenient as well as compatible for several kinds of solar cells, especially effective for CIGS solar cells with complicated multi-layer properties. wxAMPS is a stable and strong one- dimensional solar cell simulation software, and has received attention from top research group such as NREL and IBM.

discuss with Prof. Fonash Invited by NREL Invited by IBM Inst. Of Photo-electronics wxAMPS Wide application of wxAMPS simulation software

7 Inst. Of Photo-electronics CIGS solar cells and modules

10×10cm2 module (glass)

CIGS solar cells(SS and PI) CIGS module(30cm× 35cm) Inst. Of Photo-electronics

CIGS pilot line of national project 863 in Nankai University Inst. Of Photo-electronics

CIGS Solar Cells Efficiency achieved by Nankai University Buffer Transfer Solar cells types area（cm2） substrate methods layer efficiency（％） 0.35 SLG coevaporation CdS 18.3* (2016) Small-area solar cell Selenization after (diff. Tech.) 0.87 SLG CdS 12.1* (2007) sputtering

Solar cell without 0.87 SLG coevaporation ZnS 11.4 (2007) Cd Noevaporation 0.40 SLG electrodeposition CdS 11.7%** (2007) method Stainless 0.34 coevaporation CdS 12.1** (2012) Flexible solar cells Steel 0.35 PI coevaporation CdS 12.1** (2014) modules 83 SLG coevaporation CdS 8.9* (2007) modules 804 SLG coevaporation CdS 7* (2008)

1）* measured at 205 station in Electronic 18th Institute. Test conditions: temperature 25Ԩ，AM 1.5 ，intensity 1000W/m2； 2）**measured at Chinese PV Testing Center at IEE-CAS. Test conditions: temperature 25Ԩ，AM 1.5 ，intensity 1000W/m2 3) other samples were measured in our laboratory with self-built equipment. Test conditions: temperature 25Ԩ，AM 1.5 ，intensity 1000W/m2； ShenzhenCIGSInst.薄膜太阳能电池：中科院深圳先进院 OfInstitutes Photo-electronics of Advanced５个重大布局之一 Technology

20.18%

Efficiency increase

1. The efficiency of CIGS solar cell has reached 20.18% （without KF treament）in 2015； 2. The efficiency of CIGS module (10cm×10cm) has reached 15.6%； 3. The efficiency of CIGS solar cell with PI substrate has reached 15%； 2MWInst. production Of Photo-electronics line for CIGS solar cells

ZnO/AZO sputtering（self-designed) Mo sputtering（self-designed）

encapsulation

CBD（self- designed

CIGS evaporation（self-designed） scribing（self-designed） Inst.Large-area Of Photo-electronics CIGS modules

600 mm 600mm×400mmCIGS module

vertical linear Hanging panel evaporation source deposition

CIGS module BIPV National InstituteInst. Of Photo-electronics of Clean-and- Low-Carbon Energy

The efficiency of CIGS solar cells prepared by MBE has reached 17% Inst. Of Photo-electronics Cooperation between Tsinghua University and Sifang Automation company The efficiency of CIGS solar cells prepared with self-designed CIGS targets has reached 18.9%，and SS substrate with 13.2%

5MWpilot line Inst. Of Photo-electronics CIGS lab-research introduction in China subst area group Eff(%) process Time rate （cm)2 Shenzhen glass 0.5 20.18 2016 Institutes of glass 100.0 15.0Co-evaporation 2015 Advanced Technology PI 0.5 15.6 2015 Tsinghua glass 1.0 18.9% University and glass 900.0 12.3 Beijing Sifang Sputtering-selenization 2015 Automation SS 243 12.1 company glass 0.38 18.3 Co-evaporation 2016

Nankai glass 0.38 16.8 Co-evaporation 2016 University SS 0.38 12.1 2012 Co-evaporation PI 0.38 12.1 2014 PI 2.64 11.0 CETC 18 Co-evaporation 2015 PI 100.0 8.0 National Instituteof Clean- glass 0.50 17.03 Co-evaporation 2015 and- Low- Carbon Energy SIMIT glass 0.45 15.41 Sputtering-selenization 2015 glass 15.2 Hebei university Co-evaporation 2016 SS 11.3% 2016 Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Other research groups for CIGS solar cell R&D

Status Company Focus

Shenzhen Electro-deposition, CIGS solar cells(SS),efficiency of 12% running Shouchuang

Shanghai Sputtering-selenization system(self designed); 25MW running Yinglai production line R&D

Xiamen Founded in 2011, CIGS module research, efficiency of 12%(3 stop shenke 0×30cm2)

Henan Supported by Peking University CIGS group, tubulous CIGS finish Yanhuan module Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Shandong Sunvim Solar Technology Co.,Ltd.

The company introduced the 30MW production line of Johanna in 2007. The module 6000cm2efficiency has reached 10%, while the company has huge energy consumption. Inst. Of Photo-electronics Sunshine PV cooperation in Taiwan, China 40MW CIGS production line (sputtering-selenization) Inst. Of Photo-electronics Sunshine PV cooperation in Taiwan, China 40MW CIGS production line

Mo sputtering Sputtering

Se-layer deposition RTA Inst. Of Photo-electronics Inst. Of Photo-electronics BIPV products of Sunshine PV cooperation Inst. Of Photo-electronics CIGS PV plant has larger electric capacity than Si solar cells in Shilin, China Beijing Sanglin company has purchased Manz CIGS modules and build a PV plant compared with Si solar cells. The results indicate that the electric capacity produced by CIGS solar cells is 10% higher than that of Si solar cells. Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Hanergy (Miasole 100MW production line with SS substrate)

Miasole roll to roll apparatus Hanergy R&D center

External connection Efficiency of CIGS solar cells of 15..5% Inst. Of Photo-electronics Shangyue photo-electric company in Hangzhou, China Flexible CIGS module products

Founded in Apr, 2010, the company adapted tech of Global Solar and now under construction of 50MW SS production line. Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Hanergy plan

First project location process substrate scale（MW) Zibo CIGS‐Miasole flexible 300

Caofeidian CIGS‐Miasole flexible 300 Gongqing CIGS‐Miasole flexible 300 cheng Changde CIGS‐GSE flexible 300

Nanjing CIGS‐Solibro glass 300 Inst. Of Photo-electronics

CNBM purchased CIGS central apparatus with Singulus

CNBM restarted the Avancis production line and build a 300MW line. The apparatus were supported by Singulus including selenisation CISARIS, VISTARIS sputtering system ,and selenium evaporation system.

selenization Sputtering system Selenium evaporation system Inst. Of Photo-electronics The problems for purchasing and introducing oversea production line

1）These CIGS production lines unprofitable(economic crisis or tech-mature)

2）Manz indicates that the cost may reduce to 0.3$/wp if the capacity reaches

200MW( the promise can be proved?)

3）Localization may reduce the cost(how to do?)

4）Investment risk(financial community and technology)

The success of localization on production line in advance is necessary, which will dispel doubts and gain recognition from financial community. Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Localization of CIGS production line

China has already become a PV Industrial country relying on importing Si production line and technology. It may also be effective to import CIGS production lines.

The localization of CIGS equipment, raw materials and staff on the line may be an effective measures to reduce the cost.

The research group and Manufacturer together developed the CIGS solar cell equipment is one of the most important part in localization. Inst. Of Photo-electronics Turn a-Si production line into CIGS one

CIGS fabrication equipment is the kernel of production line

If we changed the PECVD system to CIGS fabrication system，coupled with other equipment, The cost of CIGS module will be far less than that in Si production line. Inst. Of Photo-electronics Linear evaporation source for CIGS fabrication system

Problems of equipment R&D

“Large-area continuous deposition system for CIGS module” is the kernel of CIGS equipment.

1）high-temperature stable and long-time running;

2）the design and lifetime of linear evaporation ；

3）Dust suppression in evaporation chamber;

4）in-line monitor for element ratio. Inst. Of Photo-electronics

CIGS industrialization may have breakthrough in coming 10 years

• National strategy for PV core equipment

1）Ministry of Industry and Information Technology《中国制造2025》；

2）National development amd reform commission, National energy administration《能 源技术革命创新行动计划(2016-2030年)》及《能源技术革命重点创新行动路线图》; * Hanergy, CNBM and Electric has introduced oversea production lines; * Successfully remodel Si-based production line. Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Conclusion

The capacity of CIGS solar cells is similar with Crystalline silicon cell and once its technology becomes mature and GW scale, it will have lower plant cost compared with Crystalline silicon cell. The PV development contributes a lot to the world wide clear energy consumption. Although the China PV industry is weak in High-end equipment and innovation, we really eager to new products and technology. We hope that Hanergy, CNBM and Manz’s cooperators may be successful , and pave the way for the development of CIGS industry in China. Inst. Of Photo-electronics

Thank you！