Define Ecology and Explain How It Relates to Evolution

Chapter 52 Describe the major features of the following biomes: (with examples) Define ecology and explain how it Tropical rainforest, tundra, relates to evolution. savanna, chaparral, desert, deciduous forest, taiga, Define types of ecology: temperate grassland organismal, population, community, ecosystem, landscape Define epiphyte and give an and biosphere. example

Define dispersal, actual range, Identify lake parts: potential range. Photic zone, aphotic zone, benthic zone, profundal List factors that determine zone, littoral zone, limnetic dispersal of a species. zone

State the tens rule. Explain importance of wetlands and estuaries Give an example of a transplanted species that became a pest and Compare oligotrophic, how it is a problem. mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes.

Define biotic dispersal factor and Explain how eutrophic lakes form give examples. Describe and locate ocean parts: Define abiotic dispersal factor and Intertidal zone, neretic zone, give examples. abyssal zone, benthic zone, photic zone, aphotic zone, Explain how global climate is oceanic zone, pelagic zone created and where major wet, dry and temperate areas are Define detrites, benthos

Explain the influence of mountains Explain importance of oceans in and lakes on climate. biosphere

Explain when and why lake turnover and stratification occur and how this helps organisms in the lake Chapter 53 Define and give examples of density-dependant limiting factors. Define population density and describe methods of determining Define and give examples of population density. density-independent limiting factors. Define: demography, dispersion, emigration, and cohort Name the type of human population growth pattern. Describe clumped, uniform and random dispersion Explain factors that cause population growth to go up and Define demography, cohort and down. life table. Give an example of two Interpret survivorship curves interrelated organisms whose (Explain what is happening in each populations have boom and bust type). cycles. Graph them. Explain the lag time in their population sizes. Define semelparity and iteroparity. Interpret age structure graphs. Draw exponential growth curves (ideal and actual) and describe Define ecological footprint and conditions that allow this type of explain the various views on the population growth . future of the human population size. Define ZPG, carrying capacity

Draw a logistic growth curve and Chapter 54 identify carrying capacity on it. Describe how this type of List and describe types of population growth occurs. interspecific competition

Describe and give examples of K Define ecological niche and and r-strategists. resource partitioning.

Graph the population growth of K Define competitive exclusion, and r strategists fundamental niche, realized niche and give an example that relates them. Chapter 54 continued Define dominant, keystone and foundation species and give Define and give an example of examples of each. character displacement. Explain the bottom up model for Define and give examples of community organization. Include cryptic coloration, aposematic how the size of each trophic level coloration, Batesian mimicry, changes when more nutrients are Mullerian mimicry. added to the soil.

Describe evolutionary adaptations Explain the top down model for of predators and prey. community organization. Include how the size of each trophic level Define herbivory and give changes when more predators are examples of the evolutionary added at the top level. adaptations of herbivores and plant defenses. Describe a real example of the top down model at work. List the 3 types of symbiosis and explain and give examples of each. Define disturbance and give examples of disturbances. Define ectoparasites and endoparasites. Describe the intermediate disturbance hypothesis and give an Define relative abundance in a example. community. Define 1º succession and 2º Give an example of a food web succession. and a food chain. Describe an example of the Diagram trophic levels. Identify primary succession process. producers and consumers of various types Define biodiversity, species richness and species abundance. Describe the two hypotheses of why food chains are so short. Where is species richness the greatest and why? Explain what happens to energy between trophic levels. Explain the island equilibrium model. Explain how pathogens alter a Explain the carbon cycle community and give an example. Explain the nitrogen cycle Chapter 55 Compare decomposition rates of Explain how the physical laws of different ecosystems and explain the conservation of energy and why they differ. mass and the 2nd law of thermodynamics relate to Name three things that limit 1º ecosystems. productivity in oceans

Define: detritivore, detritus and Name two things that limit 1º explain the importance of them in productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. ecosystems

Define gross primary (1º) Describe several ways humans productivity, net 1º productivity, have impacted the biosphere. biomass, standing crop. Explain the causes and effects of Define secondary (2º) productivity acid precipitation. and explain why it is less than 1º. Explain how biological Explain production efficiency and magnification of toxins occurs and give an example with reasons why give an example. 2º productivity is less than 1º productivity. Explain global warming/climate change and its causes and Explain trophic efficiency. importance.

Compare graphs of biomass, net Explain ozone layer depletion productivity, and members at causes and importance. different trophic levels and give reasons why they have the shape Chapter 56 they do. Describe the 3 levels of destruction Explain the green world of biodiversity. hypothesis. Define threatened and endangered Explain the water cycle species Explain why biodiversity matters.

Describe the four major threats to biodiversity.

Explain how an extinction vortex works.

Define minimum viable population, movement corridor and zoned reserve.

Define bioremediation, augmentation, introduced species

Describe examples of human impact on the earth.

Explain how acid rain forms and its importance.

Explain how global climate change may be occurring and its importance.

Explain how ozone depletion occurs and its importance.

Define sustainable development.