Anatomy and Physiology Exam IV

Anatomy and Physiology I Exam IV

What are the two anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system? Which is referred to as the CNS? Which is referred to as the PNS?

What organs make up the anatomical parts of the central nervous system? Which is the superior part? Which is the inferior part?

What does the term afferent pathway mean? What does the term efferent pathway mean? Which carries information to the brain? Which carries information away from the brain?

What are motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons?

What do we call the functional subdivision of the nervous system we can control consciously?

What do we call the functional subdivision of the nervous system we cannot control consciously?

What do we call the main cells of the nervous system that generate and transmit the impulses?

What do we call the chemical substances that transmit a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to the next?

What do we call the first cell at a synapse, the one that brings a signal into the synapse? What do we call the second cell at a synapse, the one that takes and carries the signal out from a synapse?

The potentials of the nervous system are basically referred to as being this (a term describing the electrical and biological nature of the impulse)?

What do we call the layer of protective insulation that surrounds nerve cells of the PNS?

What is a disease we talked about that is the result of the nerve cells’ insulating material not functioning correctly.

The CNS is called a mirror image. This means the right side of the brain controls which side of the body? And the left side of the brain controls which side of the body?

What do we call a mass of neuron cell bodies usually found outside the central nervous system?

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced within hollow cavities inside the brain called?

The loss of the electrical charge on the surface of the nerve fiber membrane that results in a nerve impulse is called what?

What is the name for the neuronal process that receives nerve inputs for the cell?

What is the name for the main part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus?

What is the name for the specialized cellular organelle found only in nerve cells?

What is the name for the long, slender, central conducting part of the nerve cell?

What is the functional classification of a nerve cell that transmits impulses between nerve cells within the brain or spinal cord, or forms links between other nerve cells?

The general term for all other supporting (non-conducting) cells in the nervous system is what?

What is the name for the supportive cell that secretes the insulative layer around nerve fibers found in the PNS?

The cortex of the brain is composed of what material?

What do we call the part of the nerve cell, referred to as the trigger zone and is the first region of an axon that generates the nerve impulse?

Major developmental areas of the brain include the forebrain, midbrain and the?

What do we call the point where one nerve cell communicates with another? At this point, the empty space between the two nerve cells is called the?

The mass of nerve tissue fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain together is called the?

The furrows, or grooves, of the convolutions of the brain are called?

The thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, pineal gland and lateral ventricles are all found in what part of the brain?

Which cerebral fissure separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

The connective tissue membranes, which cover the brain and spinal cord, are referred to collectively as what? What are these membranes individually called?

What do we call the supportive fluid found in the CNS of the nervous system?

How are the lobes of the brain named?

What are the general functions of the nervous system?

If a neuron receives a series of stimuli from many neurons whose effect is excitatory, but subthreshold, then the neuron is more excitable to incoming stimulation than before and may be triggered by the next nerve stimulus; this neuron is said to be what?

What is the structural classification called where one nerve cell in the brain or spinal cord is said to communicate with hundreds of other nerve cells?

What do we call it when one nerve cell from the brain meets with several other nerve cells and triggers impulses in them simultaneously?

a. convergence b. divergence c. facilitation d. refractory

The medulla oblongata and the pons are both parts of what part of the brain?

What do we call the space found between the second and third membrane of the CNS?

What neurotransmitter is used to stimulate muscle contractions at the neuromuscular junction?

What is the resting period after a nerve has fired and before it is capable of firing again called?

Which part of the brain functions to integrate sensory information concerning the position of body parts and coordinates muscle activities, maintains posture and equilibrium?

Large masses of nerve cell bodies and dendrites found deep within the white matter of the brain are referred to as what?

Can brain cells ever be replaced once they are dead?

Can single nerve cells be long enough to run the entire length of your spinal cord?

If you hit the front of your skull, which part of the brain would you bruise?

Can nerves be stimulated from external, environmental sources as well as the nervous system?

Do neurons conduct nerves impulse one way along their length, or can they conduct both ways?

Which part of a neuron sends signals? Which part receives signals?

What is a reflex and reflex arc?

What are the neuroglia? What are the different types and what do they do?

What are the different ways a synapse can form between an axon and another neuron?

Describe the significance of having nerve cells insulated and compare the characteristics of myelinated versus non-myelinated nerve fibers?

List the twelve cranial nerves and what their principle function is.