Table S5: Sources of H. pylori isolates used in this study. Source of strain Age Relationship Patient/Isolate identifyer

Houston (USA)

Family H1 H1 57 mother H1-1 33 daughter H1-2 30 son

Family H2 H2 73 mother H2-1 60 sister H2-2 70 brother H2-3 78 brother H2-4 52 son

Family H3 H3 70 mother H3-1 37 son

Seoul (Korea)

Family K1 K1 67 father K1-1 33 daughter K1-2 43 son K1-3 30 son K1-4 41 son

Family K3 K3 74 mother K3-1 32 son K3-2 36 daughter K3-3 38 daughter K3-4 46 daughter K3-5 48 son

Family K5 K5 56 mother K5-1 31 son K5-2 23 son K5-3 25 daughter

Bogota (Colombia)

Family C5 C5 64 mother C5-1 21 daughter C5-2 32 daughter C5-3 30 son C5-4 28 son Family C6 C6 77 father C6-1 45 daughter C6-2 48 son

Family C7 C7 74 mother C7-1 35 daughter C7-2 37 daughter C7-3 33 daughter

Belfast (Northern Ireland)

Family Belfast

H3022 10 son H3023 34 father

Coventry (England)

Family Coventry

H3018 18 grandson H3014 71 grandfather H3016 46 father H3017 50 uncle

Ogies, Mpumulanga (South Africa)

Family 12 (antrum and corpus isolates)

SA213A,C 21 daughter SA214A,C 14 son SA215C 7 daughter (twin)

SA216A,C 7 daughter (twin)

SA45A,C 51 husband of SA46

SA46A,C 49 mother SA47A,C 17 son SA194A,C 49 mother SA166A 63 daughter SA168A,C 39 granddaughter

SA169A,C 46 daughter SA170A,C 11 granddaughter

SA173A,C 21 grandson SA171A,C 6 great-granddaughter

SA172A1,A2,C 7 great-granddaughter SA303A,C Unknown great-granddaughter

SA160A,C 8 daughter SA161A,C 14 grandson SA162A,C 11 grandson SA29A,C 88 great-grandfather

SA30A,C 55 daughter SA158A,C 21 grandson SA253A,C 29 grandson SA300A,C Unknown grandson SA31C 18 grandson SA226A 27 granddaughter

SA227A,C 33 husband of SA226

SA251A,C 35 grandson SA252A,C 34 grandson SA163A,C 11 great-granddaughter

SA210A,C 5 great-grandson

SA301A,C Unknown granddaughter

SA302A,C Unknown husband of SA301

SA144A,C 51 mother SA222A,C 60 husband of SA144

SA146A,C 8 son SA155A,C 48 mother SA156A,C 9 daughter SA157A,C 17 daughter SA224A,C 43 daughter SA164A,C 4 grandson SA165A 5 grandson

Family 13 (antrum and corpus isolates)

SA35A,C 80 father SA36C 60 mother SA233A,C 42 husband of SA32

SA34A,C 30 son SA37A,C 19 daughter SA221A,C 40 daughter SA220A,C 46 husband of SA221

SA174A,C 12 granddaughter

SA175A,C 9 granddaughter

SA40A,C 3 grandson A, antrum isolate; C, corpus isolate