Review for Test #4
Cell Test Review KEY
1. Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
Robert Hooke
2. Summarize the work of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
All plants and animals are made of cells
3. What scientist found living organisms in pond water?
Anton van Leewenhoek
4. What scientist found one part of the cell theory and what was the part of it that he
contributed?
Rudolf Virchow: All cells come from pre existing cells
5. What is the cell theory? To what kinds of organisms does the cell theory apply?
1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
The cell theory applies to all living organisms
6. List the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes are simple, no nucleus, unicellular and no organelles
Eukaryotes are complex, contain a nucleus and organelles, multicellular
7. Study your Cell Portfolio. Be able to identify the organelles and their definitions.
8. Complete the chart:
Organelle / Plant/Animal/Both / Main function(s)Cell membrane / BOTH / Regulates what enters and leaves a cell
Cell wall / ANIMAL / Supports & protects cell
Nucleus / BOTH / Stores DNA, controls most cell processes, contains information needed to make proteins
Ribosome / BOTH / Site of protein synthesis in cell
Rough E.R. / BOTH / Synthesizes proteins for export; surface covered with ribosomes
Smooth E.R. / BOTH / No ribosomes on surface; contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks
Golgi apparatus / BOTH / Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins for storage & transport outside the cell
Lysosome / ANIMAL / Filled with enzymes; break down food & worn out cell parts
Vacuole / BOTH / Storage; very large ones commonly found in plant cells
Mitochondria / BOTH / Convert stored chemical energy into more convenient form; double folded membrane
Chloroplast / PLANT / Capture energy from sunlight & convert to chemical energy through plant photosynthesis
9. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
Mitochondria and chloroplast
10. What are the functions of the cell membrane?
To regulate which materials enter and leave the cell
11. What are the channels and pumps in the cell membrane made of?
Proteins
12. Which kinds of organisms have cell walls?
Prokaryotes, fungi, plants, some protists; NEVER found in animal cells
13. List the levels of organization in multicellular organisms from simplest to most complex.
Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System- Organism
14. What causes an animal cell to swell?
Osmotic pressure makes water move into the cell
15. What causes an animal cell to shrink and shrivel?
When water moves out of the cell because the solution has too much salt
16. Why is diffusion an example of passive transport?
Because it does not require the cell to use any energy because it moves with the concentration gradient from high to low.
17. What are the definitions for the other examples of passive transport?
Osmosis: movement of water molecules from high to low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion: movement of large molecules through a protein channel/carrier protein through the cell membrane from high to low concentrations.
18. What is active transport?
Requires energy. Moves from low to high concentrations against the gradient.
19. What are the two types and examples of active transport?
Endocytosis: taking in material by folding the cell membrane. Examples: Phagocytosis (engulfing particles) and Pinocytosis (engulfing liquid particles)
Exocytosis: Cell releases large amounts of material
20. List the names of the Kingdoms we learned?
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
21. What are pseudopods?
Fake feet seen on protists
22. What are the cell walls of fungus made up of?
Chitin
23. What are the cell walls of plants made up of?
Cellulose
24. What are the cell walls of animals made up of?
Animal cells do not have cell walls
25. What kingdom does an amoeba belong to?
Protist
26. What is the difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria?
Archaebacteria: bacteria that live in harsh environments like hot springs
Eubacteria: your everyday bacteria
27. What is an organelle? What types of cells are they found in?
Specialized structures that perform important cellular functions; found within eukaryotic cells
28. What are the parts of the cell membrane?
Lipid Bilayer made up of phospholipids and proteins
29. What does facilitated diffusion use to get molecules to cross through a cell membrane?
Protein channels/carrier proteins
30. What is an isotonic solution?
Solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution. Water moves equally back and forth between the cell and solution.