1
SL Chemistry Basic Entry Level Knowledge Bonding and Reactions
1) Describe the differences in bonding between ionic and covalent compounds.
2) Metals ______electrons and become ______. Nonmetals ______electrons and become.
3) What are the oxidation states of the following elements?
a) beryllium c) oxygen
b) xenon d) fluorine
4) Name 5 signs of a chemical change.
5) Name the following compounds:
a) Na2SO4 d) Fe2O3 b) P3N5 e) N2O4 c) Mg(OH)2
6) Write the formulas of the following compounds:
a) lithium sulfate d) calcium phosphate b) potassium oxide e) sulfur dioxide c) dinitrogen trioxide f) ammonium carbonate
7) Balance the following equations:
____ C8H18 + ____ O2 ____ CO2 + ____ H2O
____ CaSO4 + ____ LiF ____ CaF2 + ____ Li2SO4
____ AlF3 + ____ Na2CO3 ____ NaF + ____ Al2(CO3)3
____ S8 + ____O2 ____ SO3 2
8) Classify the following reactions as either exothermic or endothermic.
4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3 + Heat ______
+ NH4NO3 + Heat NH4 + NO3 ______
9) Types of Reactions – In the space provide, indicate the type of reaction taking place.
1 C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O ______
1 N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 ______
2 Ag2O 4 Ag + 1 O2 ______
2 NaCl + 1 F2 2 NaF + 1 Cl2 ______
HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl ______
Stoichiometry
10) How many grams of sodium sulfate will be formed if you start with 200 grams of sodium hydroxide and have an excess of sulfuric acid?
2 NaOH + H2SO4 2 H2O + Na2SO4
11) How many moles CO2 are produced when 30.0g of C2H6 are burned completely?
2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
12) What volume of O2 is required to produce 80.0 L of NO(g)?
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O 3
Scientific Investigation
13) Why can there be only one independent variable in any given experiment?
14) Suppose you want to use a flashlight, but when you turn it on, it doesn’t work. What would your observation be? What might your hypothesis be? How would you test that hypothesis?
15) In an experiment, the control is ______.
A a judgment based on the information obtained B the variable that the experimenter plans to change C the variable that changes due to changes in the independent variable D the standard that is used for comparison
16) A student determined that the density of a sample of tin is 8.00 g/mL, when the actual density of tin is 7.28 g/mL. What was the percent error in the student’s calculation?
Periodic Table Stuff
17) A row of elements on the periodic table is called a ______. A column of elements on the periodic table is called a ______.
18) Fill in the table for each element below.
Elements Atomic # Atomic mass # of Protons # of Neutrons # of Electrons Ca Fe Sn Br
19) Define the terms Electronegativity and Ionization Energy.
4
Questions 20 - 23 refer to the set of lettered choices below. Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(A) alkali metal (B) transition metal (C) alkaline earth metal (D) noble gas
20) This type of element is associated with the outer electron configuration p6.
21) This type of element is associated with the outer electron configuration s1.
22) This type of element is associated with the outer electron configuration d7.
23) This type of element is associated with the outer electron configuration s2.
Equilibrium
24) When a reaction is at equilibrium, the rate of the ______reaction is equal to the rate of the ______reaction.
25) Write the equilibrium expression for the following reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
Solutions
Calculate the Molarities of the following solutions: 26) 2.3 moles of sodium chloride in 0.45 liters of solution.
27) 98 grams of sodium hydroxide in 2.2 liters of solution.
Molar Dilutions
28) How many milliliters of 2.55 M NaOH is needed to make 125 mL of 0.75 M NaOH solution? 5
Gas Laws
29) What is temperature and pressure at STP?
30) If I have 5.6 L of gas in a piston at a pressure of 1.5 atm and compress the gas until its volume is 4.8 L, what will the new pressure inside the piston be?
31) Normal room temperature is 25C. What is this temperature expressed in Kelvin?
Significant Figures
How many significant figures are in each of the following numbers?
32) 210 ____ 33) 1011 _____ 34) 0.00120 ____
Solve the following mathematical problems such that the answers have the correct number of significant figures:
35) 334.540 grams + 198.9916 grams = ______
36) 34 grams / 10.1 mL = ______
Acids and Bases
37) List two characteristics of an Acid.
38) List two characteristics of a Base.
Find the pH of the following solutions:
39) A 0.001 M solution of HCl (hydrochloric acid).
40) A solution whose pOH is 12. 6
41) What phase is occurring at M in the above diagram? ______
42) What phase exists at N in the above diagram? ______
43) What is happening at the point indicated by the arrow in the above diagram and what is this point called?
44) Label a-e on the above Heating Curve.
45) Why is the temperature not increasing at b and d on the above Heating Curve?
Organic Chemistry 7
46) Would Margarine contain saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? Explain the difference in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
47) Name two synthetic polymers. What do we mean when we refer to a polymer as synthetic?
48) Name three common organic pharmaceuticals.
49) Draw the Lewis structures for C2H2, CH3CH2OH, and C6H6.
50) Why does ice float?