The Age of Exploration E. Napp Objective: To identify and explain European reasons for overseas trade routes Do Now: Multiple-choice questions from previous lessons 1. Which revolution in Europe is most 4. Prices in Spain rose as colonies supplied closely associated with the rise of capitalism, large amounts of gold and silver. This the formation of guilds, and the growth of suggests that Spanish imports of gold banking systems? and silver led to (1) Commercial (1) food shortages (2) Scientific (2) unemployment (3) Agrarian (3) inflation (4) Glorious (4) self-sufficiency

2. In the 1500s, the Portuguese seized 5. • Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water trading ports in Southeast Asia in an route from Europe to India. attempt to gain total control of the spice • Ferdinand Magellan’s crew trade. circumnavigated the globe. Based on this statement, one goal of the • Issac Newton defined the forces of Portuguese was to establish gravity. (1) a monopoly These events relate most directly to (2) an embargo (1) revised understandings of natural (3) banking systems surroundings (4) agricultural cooperatives (2) questioning the benefits of the mercantile system 3. Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are best (3) increased suspicion between different known for religions (1) exploring the Western Hemisphere (4) development of new manufacturing (2) leading religious movements techniques (3) opening trade between Africa and Japan (4) providing extensive information about lands and people

Questions: “Spain and Portugal led the way in looking for an all-water route to East Asia. Both What countries led the way in looking countries were located on the Atlantic Ocean for an all-water route to Asia? and had the resources needed to finance ______costly overseas exploration. Spain’s rulers Where were these countries located? hoped to spread Catholicism and to glorify ______their country through overseas exploration. What did Spain’s rulers hope to Starting in the late 1400s, European spread? monarchs competed with one another in ______sending out explorers to find new trade What did Spain’s rulers hope to routes and seek new lands.” glorify? ______~World History What did European monarchs begin to do in the late 1400s? ______Cornell Notes Outline: The Age of Exploration (Add Key Words and Summaries)

The Key The Notes: Words: I. Reasons for The Age of Exploration A. The Renaissance encouraged a search for knowledge B. The Ottomans temporarily stopped trade C. European monarchs wanted an all-water route to Asia D. New Technological Advances 1- The compass and the moveable rudder allowed ships to travel farther E. To spread the Christian faith

II. Portugal and Spain led the way A. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal established a school to encourage exploration 1- Bartholomeu Dias circumnavigated Africa 2- Vasco da Gama found an all-water route to India 3- Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the world

B. Christopher Columbus convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his journey west to arrive east 1- accidentally landed in the Americas

III. The Treaty of Tordesillas A. As Spain and Portugal competed for colonies, the Pope intervened. B. In 1494, the Pope drew a line dividing the world 1- All land west of the line belonged to Spain 2- All land east of the line belonged to Portugal

IV. The Columbian Exchange A. With exploration and especially European contact with the Americas came a global exchange 1- Horses, smallpox, and wheat came from Europe to the Americas 2- Corn, potatoes, and tobacco came from the Americas to Europe The Summaries: Please read the passage below and answer the questions: There were many reasons for the European Age of Exploration. A spirit of inquiry encouraged by the Renaissance and the conquest of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 which temporarily cut Europe off from trade with East Asia encouraged Europeans to search for new trade routes to Asia. In addition, monarchs created incentives for explorers to find all-water passages to Asia. Believing that by controlling trade with Asia a nation became powerful, monarchs invested time and money in exploration. Ever since the Crusades and Marco Polo’s reports of Asian delicacies, European interest in Asian goods like spices, perfumes, and silks had greatly increased. Of course, better navigation skills and instruments, like the compass and the moveable rudder, allowed Europeans to sail farther than ever before. Finally, Christian rulers in Europe wanted to spread their religion through overseas exploration. All of these motives led to an explosion of exploration. Ultimately, the Age of Exploration led to increased global interactions as Europeans encountered the peoples of the world, particularly the Americas, and global cultural diffusion increased. 1- How did the Renaissance contribute to the European Age of Exploration? ______2- How did the Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine Empire encourage exploration? ______3- Why did monarchs encourage exploration? ______4- What historical events increased the European appetite for goods from Asia? Why? ______5- What technological advances encouraged exploration? Why? ______6- How did exploration affect the world’s cultures? ______Christopher Columbus convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage. On August 3, 1492, Columbus, his officers, and his crew sailed from Spain in three ships. After several months of travel, a crew member sighted land on October 12, 1492. Columbus thought that he had reached the islands of the East Indies, so he called the people he met “Indians”. While Columbus believed that by traveling west he would arrive in the east, he had miscalculated the size of the earth. Had he not accidentally landed in the Americas, his crew would have perished. After his initial voyage, Columbus made three additional voyages. In 1506 when he died, Columbus still believed that he had discovered a new route to Asia. After Columbus’ journey, Spain asked the pope what non-Christian areas it might claim. In 1493, the pope drew a line down a map and divided the world into two parts. Spain could control all new land discovered west of the line or the Americas. Portugal could control all new land east of the line or Africa and India. Portugal did not like this decision. So in 1494, officials from Spain and Portugal met to settle the problem. They agreed to move the line farther west. This let Portugal control Brazil in the Americas. 7: Why did Spanish monarchs encourage exploration? ______8: Why did Columbus travel west? ______Today’s world is a very small and interdependent place. However, this was not always the case. There was a time in history, when people only knew of their own lands and very little beyond that. This lack of knowledge was to change with the Age of Discovery or the Age of Exploration. This change began in 1400, and it was to take Europeans around the world, discovering new and exciting places.

Back in 1400, travel was very difficult and dangerous. Most people could not read or write. There were few maps available to travelers and technology was not very advanced. All these factors added to the difficulty of traveling, and as a result people really only had knowledge of their own immediate area.

So why did Europeans explore the world during the Age of Exploration? Many different European countries paid for explorations for many different reasons.

Some of the reasons that they explored were: To find a sea route to the spices of Asia To find gold, silver, and precious stones To expand their knowledge of the world To control a larger empire To expand Christianity To find animal furs

Questions: 1: How did the Age of Discovery or Exploration change Europeans? ______2: What difficulties did travelers face before 1400? ______3: What were some reasons Europeans began to explore? ______

Multiple-Choice Questions: 1- Which was an immediate result of the European Age of Exploration? 1. Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia 2. European influence spread to the Western hemisphere 3. independence movements developed in Asia and Africa 4. military dictatorships were established throughout Europe 2- A major result of the Age of Exploration was 1. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of Western Europe 2. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia 3. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church 4. the end of regional isolation and the beginning of a period of European global domination