Nutrition and Energy Flow How Organisms Obtain Energy (P. 46)
Nutrition and Energy Flow How organisms obtain energy (p. 46)
1. An important characteristic of a species’ niche is how it obtains e______.
2. Ecologists trace the flow of energy through c______.
3. Plants are called producers because they use the s______energy to manufacture f______in a process called p______.
4. An organism that uses l______energy or energy stored in c______compounds to make energy –rich compounds is a producer or a______. Although plants are the most familiar autotrophs, some unicellular organisms such as green a______also make their own nutrients.
5. Other organisms in the biosphere depend on autotrophs for n______and e______. These dependent organisms are called c______. Another word for consumers is h______. (p. 47)
6. Define each type of organism listed below; write the name example organisms shown in Fig. 2.12.
Type of Organism / Definition / Example Organisma. Autotroph (producer) / p. 46
b. heterotroph (consumer) / p. 47
c. herbivore / p. 47
d. carnivore / p. 47
e. omnivore / p. 47
f. decomposers / p. 47
Complete Biozone p. 141-143 and then read the Nutrition and Energy Flow booklet
p. 49-52: Food Chains, Food Webs, and Ecological Pyramids.
7. (p. 49) What is a food chain? ______
8. (p. 50) What is a food web? ______
Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level. Producers always make up the first trophic level. Various consumers occupy every other level. Color the “Trophic Levels” diagram on the next page of this booklet (p. 5 ) according to the instructions.
CW/HW: Complete the “Food Chains” and “Food Webs” questions on Biozone p. 144 and p. 145.
One way to show trophic levels in an ecosystem is with an Ecological Pyramid. (p. 52 Fig. 2.14 and 2.15)
9. (p.52) The Pyramid of Energy represents the energy that is available (as a percentage of the original energy obtained by producers) within that trophic level. The total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is only about t______percent because organisms fail to c______and eat all the food energy available at the trophic level below them. When an organism consumes food, it uses some of the energy in the food for its metabolism- some for building b______t______, and some is given off as h______energy.
10. In a Pyramid of Numbers, each level represents the number of organisms c______by the level above it. It shows that population sizes d______at each higher trophic level.
CW/HW: Complete the Ecological Pyramids questions on p. 6 of this booklet, and Biozone p. 148-9
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