Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your own words. 1. In an oxidation reaction, hydrogen is transferred from ______to ______. 2. ______is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis is an ______process; no oxygen is required for this process to occur. 4. The electron transport chain occurs on the ______of the mitochondria. 5. ______is the mechanism of coupling electron transport and energy release to facilitate ATP synthesis.
Key Concepts & Making Connections 1. Describe the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. Note the products and reactants as well as the location of this reaction within the cell.
2. Describe the steps in the citric acid cycle pictorially. Only provide the names of important carbon compounds. List out the net products and wastes from this reaction.
3. How does the electron transport chain work? What drives the ETC? What types of proteins are generally found in the ETC? What exactly is chemiosmosis?
4. How does ATP Synthase work?
5. Differentiate between alcohol and lactic acid formation. Function of fermentation?
Multiple Choice 1. The first law of thermodynamics means ______; the second law of thermodynamic means ______. a. light energy can be harnessed to produce more energy by plants; as disorder increase within a system, more heat is released into the surroundings b. Catabolic and anabolic reactions increase the disorder of the universe; ;light energy can be transformed into chemical energy within large molecules c. Animals can convert potential energy within bonds to kinetic energy to run; forming complex sugars releases the most random form of energy d. As a surroundings disorder decreases, the system’s disorder increases; as someone holds a ball over a ledge, it drops. e. A, C, and D
2. Spontaneous reactions a. Have a negative ΔG b. Have less useable free energy at the end c. Have more structured substrates than products d. A and B e. All of the above
3. What is not a purpose of the investment phase of glycolysis? a. To create a high energy bond that enables ATP to be made. b. To phosphorylate the compounds in order to eventually make ATP from substrate level phosphorylation. c. To create compounds with less free energy. d. to phosphorylate the compound by dephosphorylating ATP e. None of the above
Fill out the table below.
Glycolysis Pyruvate Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport breakdown Chaint Takes place in: Start with: End with: Co2 produced: ATP produced: NADH produced: FADH2 produced:
How much ATP would be produced if: a. 4 glucose molecules underwent cellular respiration. b. 2 glucose molecules underwent fermentation. c. 4 acetyl CoA molecules were completely metabolized. d. 3 pyruvates were completely metabolized.
What is the difference between obligate and facultative anaerobes?
How does PFK help to regulate the process of cellular respiration?