Final Topics 2014 Chemistry 300 Mr. Heberton
Final Topics 2014 Chemistry 300 Mr. Heberton
This is only a partial list! Please review your original materials and notes for details.
Unit 8. Stoichiometry Continued: Limiting Reactants
v Determine limiting and excess reactants
v Determine how much product can be yielded
v Percent yield (actual/theoretical)
Unit 9. Gas Laws
v Units for pressure and pressure conversions
v STP
v Kinetic Molecular Theory
v Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac and Combined Gas Laws
v Ideal Gas Law
v Dalton’s Law
v Avogadro’s hypothesis and molar volume of a gas
Unit 10: Nuclear Chemistry
v Types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma)
v Half life (and related calculations)
v Applications: nuclear power and safety (debate project)
v Fission vs. fusion (process, energy, uses)
v Balancing nuclear decay equations
Unit 11A: Covalent Bonding
v Bond forming and breaking in terms of energy
v Relationship of bonding to valence electrons and electron configuration
v Types of bonding and types of compounds (ionic vs. molecular)
v Characteristics of covalent bonds and molecular compounds
v Lewis dot structures for molecular compounds
v Nonpolar covalent vs. polar covalent vs. ionic bonds
v Molecular polarity
v VSEPR theory
o 3D molecular shapes (linear, bent, pyramidal, trigonal planar, tetrahedral)
v Intermolecular Forces (IMF)
o London dispersion forces
o Dipole-dipole forces
o Hydrogen bonding
o Identifying the IMFs most prevalent in a substance and comparing different substances’ IMFs
Unit 11B: States of Matter and Phase Changes
v Solids, Liquids and Gases.
o Characteristics (include relative shape, volume, compressibility, and motion of particles (i.e. which can flow and why)
o How temperature (kinetic energy) and IMF’s control state of matter for a substance
v Phase Changes – know all six!
o Endothermic vs. Exothermic changes
v Heating and cooling curves and concepts
v Vapor pressure
o Vapor pressure curves
Unit 12. Solutions
v Homogenous mixtures
v Concentrated vs. dilute solutions
v Types of solutions (unsaturated, saturated)
v Factors that affect degree and rate of solubility
v Solubility of different substances.
o Role of polarity and IMFs
v Solubility curves and trends with temperature
v Measuring concentration: molarity and molality
v Dilution
v Colligative properties
o BP Elevation and FP Depression calculations
Unit 13. Kinetics and Equilibrium
v Heat flows
o Exothermic (out) and endothermic (in)
v Potential energy diagrams
v Activation energy
v Heat of Reaction = ∆H (why there are endothermic and exothermic reactions)
v Collision theory
o Two requirements for effective collisions (sufficient energy and orientation)
o Factors that influence the rate of a reaction
v Concept of equilibrium in reversible reactions
v Writing equilibrium constant expressions
o Calculating Keq and concentrations at equilibrium
Unit 14. Acids and Bases
v Characteristics of acids and bases
v Arrhenius definitions of acids and bases
o Identifying acids and bases from formulas
v Identifying strong vs. weak acids and bases
o Ka (and how it reveals relative strength of acids)
o Relative strength as electrolytes
v Calculating pH for strong acids and bases
v pH “loop” problems
v Using indicators
v Hydrolysis and pH of salts
v Neutralization
v Titration