Final Exam Study Guide - Env. Science *No Points Will Be Given for Copying!
Name ______
Final Exam Study Guide - Env. Science *No points will be given for copying!
Due Date ______
Chapter 2
1. List the 5 steps of the scientific method:
2. The group in the experiment that is NOT changed and is used to compare the results to is called the ______.
3. Define Environmental Science:
4. Explain Ecological Footprint:
Chapter 3 – The Dynamic Earth
5. The earth can be broken into 3 main parts:
1.
2.
3.
6. The living parts from the above main parts is called the ______sphere.
7. The 5 layers of the atmosphere are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8. Which layer of the atmosphere contains weather, clouds, and air pollution? ______
9. Which layer contains ozone? ______
10. List 2 side effects of the ozone layer depletion:
1.
2.
11. What is the building up of carbon dioxide gases in the atm. Called?
______
12. This buildup traps in ______.
Chapter 4 – Organization of life
13. Define Ecosystem:
14. Give an example of an abiotic factor: ______
Give an example of a biotic factor: ______
15. Give an example of natural selection: ______
Give and example of artificial selection: ______
16. Define the following terms and give an example of each:
Species –
Population –
Community-
Ecosystem –
17. Define an adaptation and give an example of one in the tundra:
Chapter 5 – How Ecosystems work
18. A ______level is a layer in the structure of feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
19. The largest layer of all the trophic levels is always the ( producers / consumers)
20. Makes its own food a. carnivore
21. Eats only plants b. Herbivore
22. Eats both plants and animals c. plants
23. Eats only animals d. decomposer
24. Eats the bodies of dead organisms e. omnivore
25. Recycles nutrients ab. scavenger
26. Explain Biological resistance: (include an example and how it happens)
27. The concentration of a pollutant (increases/ decreases) the higher up the food chain it goes.
28. Most energy is ( lost/ increases) before it is passed on to the next trophic level.
29. How much energy is passed up from each trophic level to the next?
30. In most ecosystems, there are (more/less) individuals in the trophic level above a given level.
31. The amount of trophic levels an ecosystem can support (does / does not) depend on the biomass and energy present.
32. Exposed rocks will be eroded away and turned into ______.
33. List an example of primary succession
34. List an example of secondary succession
35. Compare and contrast BIOLOGICAL ACCUMULATION VS MAGNIFICATION:
Chapter 6+7 – Biomes
36. Tundra a. large grassy areas, prairie dogs live here
37. Deciduous b. to lose leaves in the fall
38. Grassland c. hot, dry region, little rain, plants far apart
39. Savanna d. large canopies, wide variety of plants/animals
40. Desert e. cold, no trees, permafrost
41. Tropical Rain Forest ab. Wet and dry season, few clumps of trees
42. Taiga ac. Where fresh water meets salt water
43. estuary ad. Trees that produce cones and don’t lose
leaves in the fall
44. What are the two main types of biomes?
45. Which biome shows little tolerance to its very simple food chain?
Chapter 8/9- Populations
46. The place in which an organism lives. A. niche
47. The role of an organism has in its ecosystem. B. habitat
48. The carrying capacity is ______
49. The forces that slow the growth of a population are called ______factors.
- 2 examples of limiting factors:
50. Consumers that actively hunt other living things a. commensalism
51. Organisms being hunted b. parasitism
52. Relationship in which one organism feeds on another c. predator
53. Relationship in which one benefits and the other isn’t helped or hurt d. mutualism
54. Relationship in which both benefit e. prey
55. Exponential growth is represented with a ______curve when graphed.
56. A population’s growth rate is found using the equation: ______
57. List the two types of competition and give an example of each:
1. ______= ______
2. ______= ______
58. List 3 major concerns with a growing human population:
Chapter 11-13 Water and Air Pollution
59. What is the difference between primary and secondary pollutants?
Give an example of each
60. Most of the U.S.’s fresh water is used for ______?
61. What is a CFC and what environmental factor is it contributing to?
62. What are the 5 major green house gases? (pg 363)
63. What is one of the largest contributors of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere?
64. Explain Artificial Eutrophication:
What are two sources of it?
What are two elements that can cause it?
65. List 3 concerns from the loss of trees:
66. List where the ozone is thinning the most:
What season?
From what type of cloud?
What are some environmental effects?
67. What has happened to the noise pollution in the last 30 years?
68. Draw a pie chart that details the percentages and components of the air.
69. Draw a pie chart that details the amounts of fresh and salt water.
70. What is a watershed and where does it go to?
71. Explain desalination and why we don’t use it more:
Chapter 17-18 Energy
72. What is nonrenewable energy?
Give 2 examples
73. What is the difference between nuclear fusion and fission?
74. What element is mined for nuclear fission?
75. The U.S. uses what as their main fossil fuel?
76. Explain the purpose of exploring Yucca Mountain:
77. What is a pro for using nuclear power over traditional fossil fuels?
78. What is “alternative energy sources?”
Give an example
Ch 19 Waste
79. What is a leachate and
how is it contained?
80. What are 3 current ways to deal with trash?
1.
2.
3.
81. Explain methane gas and what precautions are used in landfills
82. What does “municipal” refer to?
83. Define “source reduction” in terms of solid waste.
84. Incinerators leave behind ______which is ______toxic than the original waste.
85. Plastics may last for ______years.
86. List 2 things that will increase the rate of decomposition:
1.
2.
87. List 4 things needed to safeguard a landfill:
88. What is the number one thing a landfill must do?