The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014363182 Cornell University Library BF 91.B36 1906a Greek theories of elementary cognition f 3 1924 014 363 182 This "0-P Book" Is an Authorized Reprint of the Original Edition, Produced by Microfilm-Xerography by University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1965 GREEK THEORIES OF ELEMENTARY COGNITION FROM ALCMAEON TO ARISTOTLE BY #+ JOHN ^BEARE, M.A. FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN REGIUS PROFESSOR OF GREEK (SOMETIME PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY) IN THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1906 IIPK I IRRflPV «.#rr 354 ^b 21& I Eeare, John Isaac, d. 1918. Greek theories of elementary cognition from Alcmaeon to Aristotle, by John I. Beare ... Oxford, The Clarendon press, 1906. Til. 354 pl' 23-- "Commentaries, monographs, 4c. used" : p. i»i-vtl. 1. Psychology—Hist 2. Senses and sensation. S. Philosophy, An- cient l Title. 7—28078 Library of Congress BF91.B3 i«gl, HENRY FROWDE, MJL PUBLISHER TO THK UNIVERSITY OP OXFORD LONDON, EDINBURGH NEW YORK AND TORONTO PREFACE MOST readers know the difficulty as well as imp. rtance of the de Anima and Parva Naturalia of Aristotle; and any genuine assistance would be welcomed by students who desire to master them. A great deal has been done by editors and others for the elucidation of the former of these works and, indirectly, of the latter, so far as they involve meta- physics, or psychology in its higher reaches. No one.however, has been at the pains to glean and put together systema- tically, from Aristotle himself and his predecessors, whatever may explain or illustrate the parts of his writings essentially concerned with empirical psychology. The results of this, it should seem, would be useful not only to students of ancient Greek psychology, but also to readers who, perhaps knowing and caring little about Greek, might yet desire a clear and objective, even if brief, account of what was achieved for the psychology of the senses by the ancient Greek philoso- phers. The purpose of this book, within the limits defined by its title, is to present such an account; and it will rightly be judged according to the degree in which it fulfils its purpose. Among its most competent critics will be the student who may test its usefulness in connexion with the many passages on the interpretation of which it directly or indirectly bears. To such critics and others its author leaves it ; confiding less, however, in the merits of his work than in the fellow-feeling which all scholars, as well as students of philosophy, have for one who honestly grapples with their common foe, to acrcupts, in whatever form this may present itself. The books used or consulted are named in the list given 159967 ; iv PREFACE below ; but wherever even a hint has been borrowed, the writer to whom obligation has been thus incurred will always be found referred to in the notes. There are many such references, especially to the publications of H. Diels but the mainstay of the whole work has been the actual text of Plato, Aristotle, and Theophrastus. A list of the Greek passages explained or discussed has been added at the end. In some—perhaps most—of these the points raised are of no great interest to scholars, but there is at least one exception ; and it is hoped that what has been said on Arist. 45a 1" 17-24 may be of some value. The author wishes to thank the Delegates of the Claren- don Press for undertaking the publication of this work. His thanks are also due to the Press Reader and Staff for their great care and accuracy. It remains for him, in con- clusion, to express his deep gratitude to Mr. W. D. Ross, Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford, for kindly reading the proofs, and making acute suggestions from which much profit has been derived. He is indebted to Mr. Ross for having drawn his attention to Diels' b palaeographical correction of Arist. 985 17, mentioned on p. 37, n. a. 9 Trinity College, Dublin, January 10, 1 906. COMMENTARIES, MONOGRAPHS, &c. USED FOR THE FOLLOWING WORK Adam, J. Plato, Republic (Cambridge, 1903). Alexander of Aphrodisias in Arist. De Sensu, Thurot (.Paris, 1875). „ „ „ „ Wendland (Berolini, 1901). ,, „ „ Metaph. Hayduck ( „ 1891). 1S87). i, „ „ De Anima, Bruns ( „ „ „ „ Quaestiones etc. Bruns ( „ 1892). Archer-Hind, R. D. Plato, Phaedo, ed. 2 (London and New York, 1894). „ „ Timaeus (London and New York, 1888). Bacon, R. Opus Mains, Bridges (Oxford, 1899). Baumker, C. Des Aristoteles Lehre von den dussern und innern Sinnesvermogen (Leipzig, 1877). * b „ Zu Aristot. ' De Sensu 2, 438 16 ff. (Zeitsch.f. d. bst. Gymn., Sept. 1877, 603 ff.). Beck, H. Aristoteles de Sensuum Actione (Berlin, i860). Becker, Guil. Ad. Aristoteles de somno el vigilia etc. (Lipsiae, 1823). Biehl, Guil. Aristotelis Parva Naturalia (Teubner, 1898). Bitterauf, C. Quaestiunculae Criticae ad Par. Nat. (Monachii, 1900). Bocckb, A. Philolaos des Pythagoreers Lehren (Berlin, 1819). Bonitz, H. Aristotelis Metaphysica (Bonnae, 1848). „ Aristotelische Studien (Wien, 1862-7). Brentano, F. Die Psychologie des Arist. (Mainz, 1867). Burnet, J. Early Greek Philosophy (London and Edinburgh, 1892). Bury, R. G. Plato's Philebus (Cambridge, 1897). Bywater, I. Heracliti Epliesii Reliquiae (Oxford, 1877). Campbell, L. Plato, Sophistes (Oxford, 1867). „ „ Theaetetus ( „ 1883). Chappell, W. History of Music, vol. i (London, 1874). Dembowski ,J. Quaestiones Aristotelicae duae (Regimonti Pr. (sic), 1881). Diels, H. Doxographi Graeci (Berolini, 1879). „ Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (Berlin, 1903). Eberhard, E. Die aristotelische Definition der Seele etc. (Berlin, 1868). Freudenthal, J. Zur Kritik und Exegese von Aristot. irtpl tu» mmk»i> o&ijurrot Ktii V"'*'^ (Rhein. Mus. xxtv, pp. 81-93, 392-419)- ,, Ueber den Begriff des Wortes (pavrmrla bei Arist. (Gottingcn, 1863). „ Zu Aristot. ' De Mem.' 452* 17 ff. (Archiv /. Gesch. der Phil., II. Band, i. Heft, 1889). Freytag, W. Di« Entwickclung der griechischen Erktnntmstheorie bis Aristoteles (Halle, 1905). vi COMMENTARIES, MONOGRAPHS, &C Galenus, Claudius. De Placitis Hippocratis et Platonis, I. Mtiller (Lipsiae, 1874). Godenius, R. Libelli Aristotelis de Sensu et Sensilibus castigata versio et analysis logica (Francofurti, 1 596). Gomperz, T. Greek Thinkers (E. Tr.) (London, 1905). Gorland, A. Aristoteles und die Mathetnatrk (Marburg, 1899). Grote, G. Aristotle, 3rd ed. (London, 1883). „ Plato and the other Companions of Socrates (London, 1875). Hammond, W. A. Aristotle's Psychology: De Anima and Parva Naturalia, transl. with introduction and notes (London and New York, 1902). Hayduck, M. Emendationes Aristoteleae (Meldorf, 1877). „ Observations criticae in aliquot locos A rist. (Greifswald, 1873)- Hippocratis Opera. E. Littre* (Paris, 1839-61). Ideler, J. L. Aristot. Metcorologica (Lipsiae, 1834-6). von Jan, C. Musici Scriptores Graeci (Lipsiae, 1895). Jourdain, C. Recherches critiques sur tAge et forigine des traductions latines d'Aristote, Nouv. id. (Paris, 1 843). Kampe, F. F. Die Erkenntnisstheorie des Aristoteles (Leipzig, 1870). Karsten, S. Empedoclis Agrig. Cartn. reliquiae (Amstelodami, 1838). Marchl, P. Des Arist. Lehre von der Tierseele, i. Teil (Beilage zum Jahresberichte des Iiumanistischen Gymnasiums (Metten, 1896-7)). Michaelis Ephesius. In Arist. Parva Naturalia, Wendland (Berolini, 1903). Mullach, F. W. A. Democriti Abderitae Fragtnenta (Berolini, 1843). „ Fragtnenta Philosophorum Graecorum (Parisiis, 1857-79). Neuhauser, J. Aristoteles Lehre von dem sinnlichen Erkenntnissver- m'dgen und seinen Organen (Leipzig, 1878). Ogle, Dr. W. Aristotle on the Parts of Animals, trans, and annot. (London, 1882). „ Aristotle on Youth and Age etc., trans, and annot. (London, 1 897). Pacius, J. Aristotelis Parva (ut vocant) Naturalia (Francofurti, 1601). Panzerbieter, F. Diogenes Apollonialcs (Lipsiae, 1830). Philippson, L. uXij av8pam'ivi\ (Berlin, 1831). Poschenrieder, F. Die naturwissenschaftlichen Schriften des Arist. in ihrem Verhaltnis su den Biichern der hippokratischen Sammlung (Bamberg, 1887). Prantl, C. Aristoteles iiber die Farben (Munchen, 1849). Ritter and Preller. Pontes Philosophiae, Ed. 7 (Gothae, 1886). Rohde, E. Psyche, Ed. 3. (Tubingen u. Leipzig, 1903). Schaubach, E. Anaxagorae Clazomenii Fragtnenta (Lipsiae, 1 827). Schieboldt, F. O. De Imagination Disquisitio ex Arist. Libris repetita (Lipsiae, 1S82). COMMENTARIES, MONOGRAPHS, &c. vii Schmidt, J. Aristotelis et Herbarti Praecepta, quae ad Psychologiam spectant, inter se comparantur (Wien, 1887). Siebeck, H. Geschichte der Psychologie, 1. Teil, I. Abt. (Gotha, 1880). „ Aristotelis et Herbarti doctrinae psychological etc. (Halis Sax. 1872). Simonius, S. Arist. de Sensu et de Metnoria (Genevae, 1566). Sperling, K. Aristoteles' Ansicht von der psychologischen Bedeutung der Zeit als 'Zakl der Bewegung' (Marburg, 1888). Stein, H. Empedoclis Agrigentini Fragmenta (Bonnae, 1852). Stewart, J. A. Notes on Aristotle's ' Nicomachean Ethics' (Oxford, 1892). Sturz, F. G. Empedocles Agrigenfinus (Lipsiae, 1805). Susemihl, F. Various 'Scholae' on passages in Aristotle (Greifswald). Themistius (Sophonias). In Arist. Parva Naturalia, Wendland (Bcrolini, 1 903). Theophrastus Eresius. Op. Omn. Wimmer (Parisiis, 1866). Thurot, C. Etudes sur Artstote (Paris, i860). Torstrik, Ad. Arist. de Anima (Berolini, 1862). Trendelenburg-Belger. Arist. de Anima (Berolini, 1877). Usener, H. Efncurea (Lipsiae, 1887). Volprecht, A. Die physiologischen