SCR 9008 Hindostaanse jongeren en Indiase films in Den Haag Sanderien Verstappen Universiteit von Amsterdom Jong in Dollywood Hindostaanse jongeren en Indiase films in Den Haag Sanderien Verstappen Begeleider: prof. dr. Mario Rutten Lezerscommissie: dr. Ellen Bal en dr. Birgit Meyer Doctoraalscriptie Culturele Antropologie en Sociologie der Niet-westerse samenlevingen Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen Universiteit van Amsterdam Mei2004 ... the communications revolution of our time has profoundly affected the subjective experience of migration. Benedict Anderson 1998: 68 2 Inhoudsopgave DANKWOORD .......... " ................. " .................. " ...... " .............................. " ....... " ......... "" .................. " ........ 5 INLEIDING ........................................... " ........................................ " ............................................................ 6 1. MEDIA EN MIGRATIE ... """.".".. """""".. """."".""""."."""".".".""".""."""."""."""."."".""""".7 MEDIA .........................................................................................................................................................7 Mediastudies over migratie"."." .. " ... """ .. ""."." .. " ........ " .......... " .... "" ...... " .. " ... " ... "." .. " ... " ... " ....... 10 MIGRATIE .. " ....... " ........... " ..... " .... " ............ " ............... " ................ " ....... " ................... " ......................... ".13 Diasporastudies over media .. " .... "" .. "" .... ""."."""" .. " ...... " ...... " .... "" ..... " ... " ... " .. " .. """ ... " ... " ....... 16 2. HINDOSTANEN EN HUN FILMS ."."""""""""."".""."" ... " .. ".".".""" .... """"""""."".""""."""."19 DE NOSTALGIE FABRIEK VAN BOMBAY """" ".""." "." """"""" """"". """."." "". """"""". """. "". """". 20 HINDOSTANEN UIT BRITS INDIA, VIA SURINAME NAAR NEDERLAND """"""""""""""""""""""""""""25 HINDOSTAAN SE JONGEREN EN BOLLYWOOD"""" ""." "". ". "". "". """ .. """ ..... "". """"""". """. "". """". 31 3. ETNOGRAFIE IN DOLLYWOOD ""."""""""".""".".""."."""".""" ...... " ... """"""".""""""."."".36 KENNISMAKING MET HAAGSE HINDOSTANEN ..... ". ". """. """" "". """"""""." ". "". "" .. """ "" """"". """ 3 6 DE ENQUÊTE ... " .. " ... " ...... "" .... " .. " ............. " ... "" .... " ........................................ "" ............ " ... "." ... " ......... 39 DIEPTE-INTERVIEWS" ...... "" ........ " ..... " ...... " ... " ...... " ............ " .......... " .............. " ....... " ..... " ..................... .40 PARTICIPERENDE OBSERVATIE .... " ...... " ..... " ... "" .... "" .......... " ................ "" ........... " .. " .... "" .. " .... " ...... " .. .42 ÎOTSLOT .. " ........ " .. " ...... " .......... " .... "" ..... " ... " ........ " ... " .......................................... " ... "." ........ " .......... .47 4. EEN TRENDYTRADITIE.""""."""."".""."".".""""."."."""".""".""""."."" .. "".".""".""."""."" .. 49 INTRODUCTIE VAN INDIASE FILMS IN SURINAME""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".50 ÜPBOUW VAN EEN BIOSCOOPCIRCUIT IN NEDERLAND"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""."""" 51 DE OPKOMST VAN VIDE0 ................ " ..... " ... "" ............. "." ....................... " .......... " .................. " ....... " .... ".52 NIEUWE BLOEIPERIODE VOOR DE INDIASE FILM """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""54 EEN HINDOSTAANSE TRADITIE VAN FILMKIJKEN" ""." "". "". """""" ". ""." .... """ """""""""""""""""" 62 CONCLUSIE ......... " .. " .................. "." .. " ...... "" ........ " ... " ...... " ... ""."" ..... " ..................... " ...... " ......... " ....... 65 5. DE BOLLYWOODSCENE."."."""""".""."""."""."".""""." .. """ .. "."" ... "".""."".".""".""." .... " ... 67 IN DE BIOSCOOP ....... " ...... " ..... " ... "." .. "." ... "" ........ " ........... " ... " .. "." ...... " .......... " ... "."" ..... " .......... ".".".68 IN DE VIDEOTHEEK .......................................................................•............................................................ 69 HINDOSTAAN SE DANSFEESTEN .... "."." .. ""." ... ""."" ........... " .. " ... " ........ " ........... " ........ " ..... " ............. " .... 71 LOKALE MUSICI ........ " ..... " ... "" ... "." .. "."".""." ... "" .... " ..... " ... """." ...... " ........... " .......................... "."" .. 74 DANSLES BIJ DANSSCHOOL GHOENGHROE KI PUKAR """""""""""""""""""".""""""""""""""""""". 75 'MEGA STARS BOLLYWOOD, LIVE FROM INDIA'"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""."""""" 78 CONCLUSIE ...... " ...... " .......... " ..... ". " .......... " ... " ... " " ........... " ....... " ......... " .......... " .............................. " .... 80 6. FILM EN WERKELIJKHEID """"".""""."."""."""."."""" .. """."."".""."""."."."."."".".""".".".82 De joint family van Avinash."" ..... " ... ".""."" .. "" ... " ..... " ... " .. "." ... "."" ....... " .... ""." .. "."."" ..... "."" .. 83 De 'moderne' familie van Nancy .. " ... "" .... ""."" .... " ..... " ... """." .. "." ......... """." ...... " ....... "."." .. "" .. 86 De 'traditionele' familie van Sharita."."".""."" ... " ..... " .... " .. "." ... ... " ......... " .... ""." ... " ..... " ..... ".".". 88 De liefde van Rakesh en Widya"""""" """ ".".".". "". ". """"""""""."" .. " ""." ""."" ". """" """" """ 91 De hindoevriend van Farah.".""""." ... " ... ""."" ... " ...... " ... " ... """ .... " ........ "" ... " .. " ... " ........... "" .. " ... 94 De islamitische vriendin van Ritesh." .. ".". ""." " ... "" .... " ... ""."" ...... " ........ "" "." ... ".""" ............... " .. 96 ILLUSIE VAN REALITEIT""""""."""""""""""""."""""""."".""""""""" .. ""."""."".""."""".".""."" .. 9 8 SOORTEN REALISME ................................................................................................................................ 100 SOCIAAL REALISME ................................................................................................................................. 101 CONCLUSIE ............. " ...... " ............. " .......... " ...................................... " ............................ "" ..... " ... " ....... 103 3 7. HIER EN DAAR .".. """ .. """" ... """.""."""".".. """"."".".".""""""."."... "".".".. """."."".""."""".104 LA GAAN, EEN FILM OVER INDIA""".""" .. "."" .. "" ... "."""."."""""""".""" ... ""."""""".".""".""."""".105 ARMOEDE ....... " ..... " ........... " ....... " ............. " ....................... " ................... " ............................................. 106 DE POSITIE VAN VROUWEN"."""."."""".""""""."".""."".""".""""".""" .. "."."""."."""."""."""" ""109 KASTE .. "" ..... " .... " ..... "" ... " ............... " ...... " ..................... " ..... "." .... " ........... " ........ " ............... " ..... " ..... 110 WIJ EN ZIJ"""""""" .. "." .. ".""""."""".".""".""."""""".""."""".""."""" .. """.".""".""".".""."""". 115 CONCLUSIE """".".". "."." """""""." "." """""." ""."".".""."" ""." "." """ .. """.". ".""". ""." "". ".""" 118 8. DEN HAAG EN SOUTHALL"""."."""."""."."."""".. "".. """."".. """..• """.""".""""".".""."""."120 CONCLUSIE .. "" .................. " ............... " ..........•............................•.......... " ............................ " .... " ...... " .. 128 LOKALISERING VAN DIASPORA"""."""""."."."."""."."".""""".""""""".. """.""".".""".".""""""""128 BETEKENISSEN VAN BOLLYWOOD""".".""""." "". ". """. "." ""." """" """ .... ""." ""."."."" "."" ". "". ""129 VAN CULTURELR NABIJHEID NAAR SOCIAAL REALISME"""."""""."""".""""""""""."""""". """""""132 VOETNOTEN BIBLIOGRAFIE EN OVERIGE BRONNEN BIJLAGEN ENGLISH SUMMARY 4 DANKWOORD Deze scriptie kwam tot stand met dank aan meer dan tachtig Hindostaanse jongeren. Ik ben hen zeer dankbaar voor hun vriendschap en openhartigheid: Natasha, Asha, Viresh, Gautam, Neela, Nishi, Saskia, Roshni, Satyan, Vishal en Vinesh, Dewika en Monique, Radhika Arfa en Farahnaaz, Anand, Rewin en you-know-who, Shehzad, Gaby, Rishi, Widya, Sharita, Patrick, Rahana, Soesi en Saskia, Trisha, Radhika, Shanna, Perdiep, Aarti, Stefano, Sabria, Nancy, Rashad en Riaz, Farah en Rahul, Marousha, Michel, Shavany, Rina, Farisha, Cherryldine, Maniesha, Jyoti, Safira, Sangeeta, Marvin, Archana, Ritesh, Dhiredj, Varuna, Angenie, Janita, Wanisha, Anjhilie, Ramona, Maya, Kishan, Anwar, Angela, Jennifer, Priscilla, Shalini, Razia, Soeraya, Kawita, Feriez. Enkele ouders leverden een speciale bijdrage door mij gastvrij in hun huizen te ontvangen: Henry en Silaas, Usha, Oesha, Sandra, Mina en Ani!. In de rest van de scriptie zijn alle namen gewijzigd om hun privacy te waarborgen. De volgende mensen hebben me geholpen met hun kennis, contacten of wijze raad: Willemijn Lammers, Henry Takhoer, vele andere werknemers van het Veurs College, Ashok Jewlal en familie, Roshan Asgarali, Shifa Asgarali, John Dharampal, Dewan Jodha, Iqbal Moolkeea, Sammeer Soekhai, Amar Soekhlal, Ayyub Mohammedajoeb, Naeeda Aurangzareb, Mohammed en Jozima Mahawat Kahn, Jolanda Boejharat, Sandya Manniesingh, Cynthia Kishoendajal, mevrouw Tewari, de heer Rambali uit Suriname, Ellen Bal, Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff, Birgit Meyer, Theo Damsteegt, Rada Sesic, Catarien Klaverweiden, Sanne Sprank, Isabelle Mackay, Esther Heiman, Gezina Oorthuys, Jantine Messing, Bonno van Dalen, Eric Plugge, Iris van Hulzen, Etha Coster, Juri Verstappen, Wim Verstappen, en natuurlijk Koen Alefs. Een speciaal woord van dank aan Soedesh Kienno en zijn familie, en aan Rabin Baldewsingh, voor de grote hoeveelheid tijd die zij in mij geinvesteerd
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