Index Please note: page numbers in italic refer to figures and those followed by ‘n’ denote notes. Abu, 388 Agade, 447, 462 Abu Simbel, 139 Ahhiyawa, 573, 576 Abusir, 536 Ahhotep, Queen Abydos, 534 axe and dagger, 541, 541–543 Acemhöyük jewels, 541, 543 ivories, 537, 539 Ahiqar, 298 palace, 474 Ahmose, axe and dagger of, 541, Achaemenid Empire, 6, 79, 84–94, 541–543 552–556 see also Darius I Aigina Treasure, 539–540 Achilles, 589 ‘Ain Ghazal, 169 Actor‐Network‐Theory, 350–351 Aker, 542 Adab, 361, 465, 629 Akhenaten, 546 Adad‐nadin‐ahhe, 368 akıtū ‐festival, 299, 300, 322 Adad‐narari II, 242 Akkadian court style, 86 Adapa, 298 Akrotiri (Thera), 570 Adorno, T. W., 313, 314 Alacahöyük, 476 aesthetic response, Mesopotamian Alalakh (Tell Atchana), 415 vocabulary of, 10–12, 37–38, level IV palace, 469 359–374 COPYRIGHTEDlevel MATERIAL VII palace, 468, 537, 542, Afghanistan, source of lapis lazuli, 537 570, 572 Afrati, Iron Age cemetery, 595 alan, 240, 385 A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Art, First Edition. Edited by Ann C. Gunter. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 0004152600.INDD 661 7/27/2018 12:37:14 PM 662 Index Alashiya(ns), 573, 574, 575 Jordan, 648, 651–652, 654 Alexandria, library, 641 Lebanon, 648–649, 653, 654 al fresco, 570, 571 national, 645–653 Alişar Höyük, 473, 477 Ottoman Empire, 642–643, 645 al secco, 570, 571 Palestine, 648, 652, 654 Altınova, 473 Syria, 648–649, 652–653, 654 Amarna correspondence, 544, 545, Turkey, 645–650, 654 572–573, 576 Anu, 425 amber, 164, 601 Anubanini, 493, 625 Amenemheb (TT 85), 546 Anzu, 290, 292, 521 Amenemhet II apkallu, 34, 59, 62, 515 Annals, 538, 539 figurines, 318, 319, 320, 321, 324 complex at Dahshur, 629–630 Aqar Quf, 468 Tod Treasure, 538, 539 Arabian Nights, 181 Amenemhet III, pectoral, 542 Aramaean, 412, 488 Amenhotep I, 543 Aramaean‐Luwian kingdoms, 248–253 Amenhotep III, 510, 547 Argolis, 551 Amenhotep Son of Hapu, 510 Aristotle, 344 Amiet, Pierre, 30, 61, 79, 185 Arkades, 593 Amorite, 447, 639 aromatics, 40, 42, 360–361, 630 Amun, 551 ars, 11, 399 Amun‐Re, 550, 551 Arslan Taş Amy, 545 carved ivories, 111, 549 anāku‐epigraphs, 60 palace, 470 ancient Near East stele with storm god, 248, 249 as geographical and cultural label, Arslantepe, 452n, 461, 516–517 2–5, 656n art, definitions of, 9–12, 41–42, aniconic representation, 65–67, 371, 49–50, 67, 103, 134–135, 398, 422, 425, 512–513 345–346, 399, 586 animals artisans/craftsmen, 10, 12–13, 67, as divine symbol, 64, 65, 179–180, 95n, 373, 399–400, 507–510 424–425, 512, 513, 519, 521–523 ARTstor, 9 and royal hunt, 80, 276, 289–291, Asherah, 195 290, 291, 517–518 Ashkelon, 538 in seal designs, 423, 424 āšipu, 318–320, 324 ankh signs, 535, 537 Assur (city), 4 Annales, school of historians, 51, 180 Assur Temple, 299, 448, 450, 508 antiquities laws Esharra Temple, 13 colonial and mandate, 643–645, “große Haus,” 470 647–648, 651–654 “Haus des Beschwörungspriesters,” Egypt, 644, 649, 653, 654 319–320, 320 Iran, 644, 647, 650, 654 Ishtar Temple, 193, 271, 640, 640 Iraq, 643, 647–648, 650–651, 654 Old Palace, 299, 465 Israel, 652, 654 Assur (deity), 291 0004152600.INDD 662 7/27/2018 12:37:14 PM Index 663 Assurbanipal, 64, 189, 296 Babylon, 4, 142–143, 272, 458, 615 library, 641 see also Hammurabi of Babylon; palace reliefs, 60, 80, 275–276 Marduk Assur‐bel‐kala, 193 Ishtar Gate, 472, 620 Assurnasirpal I, White Obelisk, Marduk Temple (Esagila), 296, 296, 272–273 472, 639 Assurnasirpal II see also Nimrud, in Neo‐Babylonian period, 472–473 Northwest Palace Bahrani, Zainab Banquet Stele, 297 Edith Porada Professor, 180 battle scenes, 273, 274, 291, 520 and glyptic art, 116 Great Monolith, 337 Slade Professor of Fine Art, 2 hunting scenes, 290, 291, 517–518 studies of gender, 180, 400 Standard Inscription, 58, 59, theories of representation, 133, 135, 139, 274 237, 239, 342 statue of, 240–242, 241, 245 Balawat, decorated gates, 274, throne room reliefs, 136–139, 137, 297, 472 138, 245, 273–274, 294–295, banquet scene, 188, 189, 251, 372, 625 265–266, 268, 271, 292, 295, “Assyrian sacred tree,” 16, 59, 62, 64, 396–397, 397, 423 294, 294–295, 372, 523–524 Barberini Tomb, 601 Assyriology, 14, 180, 283, 616 Barrakib, 251–252, 252, 284 Astarte, 194, 540, 596 Barth, Heinrich, 485 Aswan, 552 Barthes, Roland 215 Atef crown, 537, 622 Bastam, 477 Athena, sanctuaries of, 551 Bastet, temple at Tell Basta, 54 Athena Parthenos, 12 Bataille, Georges, 313–314 Atrahasis, 192, 298, 360 Baudrillard, Jean, 136, 138, 236, Attica, 587 242–243 attribution Bauforschung, 458 and connoisseurship, 83 Baxandall, Michael, 27, 32, 35 scientific methods of, 626 Beazley, J. D., 83, 108 Atu, 543 Behistun see Bisotun, Darius relief audience, for Neo‐Assyrian reliefs, Bel‐Harran‐beli‐usur, 243–244, 244 15, 402 Bell, Gertrude, 643, 647 Auserre, 543 Belzoni, Giovanni, 641 authenticity, 387, 395 Benjamin, Walter, 29, 313, 314, 360 methods of determining, 103–105, Bes, 535, 537 153–154, 156, 166, 172 Beycesultan, 474 Avaris (Tell el Dab’a), 570 Bible, 55, 62–63, 163, 199, 387, Ayanis, 477 457, 615 Ayia Irini (Kea), 570 bibru, 574 Bisotun, Darius relief, 79, 484, 625 babānu, 466, 468, 470, 472 bıtā ̄nu, 466, 468, 470, 472 Bab ed‐Dhra, 536 bıt‐h̄ ̮ilāni, 469, 471 0004152600.INDD 663 7/27/2018 12:37:14 PM 664 Index bitumen, 163, 336, 391, 436, 519 Çatalhöyük, 345 Blau Monuments, 56, 266, 267 figurines from, 9, 182–184, Boeotia, Mycenaean palace at 314–316, 316 Thebes, 574 “reflexive” approach to, 133, 226 Boğazköy (Hattusa), 474–477, 475, wall paintings, 9, 512, 515–516 485, 495–496, 573, 574 see also Catalogue of Texts and Authors, 298 Yazılıkaya Çavuştepe, 477 Book of Kings, 588, 589 Çayönü Tepesi, 460 Book of the Dead, 542 cedar Botta, Paul‐Émile, 616, 642 fragrance of, 360 Bourdieu, Pierre, 223, 344 imported to Egypt, 536–537 Boyer, Pascal, 351 Cedar Forest, 60, 426 Brancusi, Constantin, 51 ceramics Braudel, Fernand, 51 dating, 154, 168, 172 Breasted, James Henry, 2 technical examination, 157, 158, Bruin, Cornelis de, 616 159, 161, 172 Buisson, R. du Mesnil du, 571 technology, 162, 166–168, 169, 173 bull, 114, 179, 183, 249, 289, Cerveteri (Caere), 601, 602, 374, 422 604, 605 winged 87, 336, 388, 396, 424 Chagar Bazar, 181, 182 bull‐men, 34, 418 chaîne opératoire, 297, 348 Bull of Heaven, 60, 426 chalcedony, 93, 141, 165, 412 burgul, 412 Chanter’s Manual, 299 Butler, Judith, 223 Childe, V. Gordon, 26 Büyükkale see Boğazköy (Hattusa) Chipiez, Charles, 8, 616 Byblos, 535, 536–537, 538, 569 chlorite/steatite, 165, 169, 519–520, 628, 628–629 Caere (Cerveteri), 601, 602 Chronicle of Osorkon, 551 Cambyses, 522 chronology Campbell, Joseph, 182 absolute, 6 Canaanite and stratigraphy, 617–621 ivories, 544 collecting in antiquity, 368, 620–621, metalwork, 144 639–641 Cape Gelidonya shipwreck, color see pigments; polychromy 576–577 composite beings, 33–37, 36, 320, 321 Carchemish, 111, 254n see also Mischwesen carnelian see also semiprecious stones composite objects, 390–391, etched beads, 568, 627 391, 519 in foundation rituals, 436 connoisseurship, 83, 104–113, as material for small objects, 119, 121 165, 412 Constance School, 220–221 properties of, 180, 367 contest scene, 117, 141, 423 trade in, 39, 627 continuous narrative, 271–272, Cassirer, Ernst, 215, 237 276, 370 0004152600.INDD 664 7/27/2018 12:37:14 PM Index 665 copper, 158 see also metalwork Darius I in foundation rituals, 43, 436 Bisotun relief of, 79, 484, 625 sources of, 170, 291, 390, 538, and Persepolis Fortification archive, 567–569, 575 85, 90 copper alloys, 335, 391, 539, 543, 629, statue from Susa, 552–556, 554, 621 640 see also metalwork tomb at Naqsh‐e Rustam, 498 as architectural decoration, 274, Daskyleion, 92 297, 471, 521 Değirmentepe, 452n technical study of, 156, 162 deification of ruler, 286, 390, 392, techniques of working, 170–172, 394, 445–447 566, 567, 568 Deleuze, Gilles, 223 Crete see also Fortetsa; Idaean Cave; Delos, 576 Kamares ware; Knossos; Minoan; Delphi, 597 Teke Derrida, Jacques, 130, 135, 223 Early Bronze contacts, 566–567 Descent of Inana/Ishtar, 37, 190 Iron Age, 113–115, 114, 593–595 différance, 130, 135, 146n Ctesias, 615 dingir, 64, 286, 433 Cultural Analytics, 134 diorite, 165, 367, 627 Cuthean Legend, 300 Dipylon cemetery, 596 Cyclades, 571, 576 Dipylon Master, 596 cylinder seals see also glyptic; stamp seals direct carving movement, 8 and attribution analysis, 83–84, 93–95 dogs, 321, 324, 540 chronology of styles, 81–82 Dor, 538 designs, 29, 150, 423–428 Drovetti, Bernardino, 641 function of, 29, 30–31, 35–36, 80, Dugurasu, 537 414–421 Dummuqu, seal of, 421 and gender, 187–188 Dumuzi(d), 191, 360 impressions on Persepolis Fortification Dumuzid’s Dream, 361 tablets, 85–93, 87, 88, 89, 91, 94 Dur‐Katlimmu, 470 invention of, 115, 371 Dur‐Kurigalzu (Aqar Quf), palace, 468 materials used for, 81, 140–141, Dur‐Sharrukin (Khorsabad), 246, 459, 412–414 469–470 Cypriot tripods, 587–590, 589, 599, 603, 605 Ea, 61, 297, 298 Cyprus Eannatum see Stele of the Vultures as copper source, 390, 538, Ebabbar, temple in Larsa, 448 568–569, 575 Ebla (Tell Mardikh) as “intermediary,” 573–575, 578 figurines, 194 Cyrus I of Anshan, 93 jars and social interactions, 352 Cyrus the Great, 6, 88, 93, 622–624 Palace G, 466 royal iconography, 537 Dadusha, stele of, 292 texts, 537, 639 Dahshur, 539, 629–630 trade with Egypt, 536–537 Darband‐i Gawr, 492 Western Palace (Q), 468 0004152600.INDD 665 7/27/2018 12:37:14 PM 666 Index Eco, Umberto, 215 Etruria, 587, 592, 600–602, 605 Eflatunpınar, 483, 499 Euboia, 587, 588, 600 Ehulhul, 293 eunuchs, 199–200 ekallu(m), 461, 463