El 098 Public Disclosure Authorized INDIA TAMIL NADU EMPOWERMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES Public Disclosure Authorized January 25, 2005 Government of Tamil Nadu Social Welfare Department Public Disclosure Authorized Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank) Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................ 6 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 20 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .20 1.2 RATIONALE FOR MAINSTREAMING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES .20 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PREPARING TEG'S AND EIMM .. 20 1.4 SCOPE OF WORK .. 21 1.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .. 21 1.5.1 Preparation Of TEGs ........................................................... 21 1.5.2 Preparation Of Environment Implementation & Monitoring Manual .................. 21 1.6 DELIVERABLES ........................................................... 22 2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ........................................................... 23 2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 23 2.2 REGULATORY FRAMEW ORK ........................................................... 23 2.2.1 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS ........................................................... 23 2.2.2 Article 48-A of the Constitution ........................................................... 23 2.2.3 Article 51-A of the Constitution ........................................................... 23 2.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - ENVIRONMENT . ..................................................23 2.4 MANDATORY ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS ............................................ 24 2.4.1 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 .24 2.4.2 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 .24 2.4.3 Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 .24 2.4.4 Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 1990 .24 2.4.5 Water (Prevention And Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Tamil Nadu Water (Prevention And Control of Pollution) Rules, 1974 .......................................................... 24 2.4.6 ... The Water (Prevention And Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977/Amended 2003: ......... ................................................................................................................................25 2.4.7 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 and Tamil Nadu Air (Prevention of Control of Pollution) Rules 1983 ............................................................... 25 2.4.8 Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989/ 2000/2003 ........ 25 2.4.9 Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989/ 2000 ........................... 25 2.4.10 Other Regulations .................................................................... 25 2.5 COMPETENT REGULATORY/MONITORING AGENCIES .......................................... 26 3. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE BASE .................................................................... 30 3.1. INTRODUCTION .. 30 3.2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS .. 30 3.3. CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS .. 30 3.4. LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS .. 31 3.5. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE .. 31 3.6. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE BASE .. 32 3.7 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES & ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES . .34 3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS .. 44 3.8.1 Soil Degradation .44 3.8.2 Water Resources - Overview .45 3.8.3 Ground Water Resource .45 3.8.4 Shallow Ground Water Quality .45 3.8.5 Critically Polluted Areas .46 4. CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING & CATEGORIZATION OF ACTIVITIES .50 4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................ 50 4.2 CRITERIA OF RANKING ........................ 50 2 Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducbon Project Technical Environmental Guidelines (Vvorld Bank) 4.3 CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RANKING .................................. 50 4.4 CONCLUSION .................................. 56 5 TECHNICAL EVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES (TEG) . .58 5.1. INTRODUCTION . 58 5.2. GENERIC GUIDELINES . .58 5.3. TEG FORMULATION . 60 5.4 SPECIFIC GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTICES . .60 Agro Based ... 60 5.4.1 Arca bark processing ............... 60 5.4.2 Spirulina Culture ............... 61 5.4.3 Mushroom Cultivation ............... 62 5.4.4 Agriculture Activities............... 63 5.4.5 Vermi-composting ............... 64 5.4.6 Sericulture ............... 65 Animal Related.66 5.4.7 Slaughtering/ Meat Processing .66 5.4.8 Poultry .68 5.4.9 Pig Rearing .69 5.4.10 Inland& Coastal Fishery Activities .70 Recycling . .71 5.4.11 Recycling Industry - Paper Recycling .71 5.4.12 Recycling Industry - Aluminum recycling .72 5.4.13. Recycling Industry - Plastic recycling .73 5.4.14 Tyre Retreading .74 Food Based ... 75 5.4.15. Oil & Vanaspati .75 5.4.16 Milk production & distribution (small dairy) .76 5.4.17 Jam, fruit juices and pickles .77 5.4.18 Small canteen, tea stall, tiffin, idli, dosa & snack making .78 5.4.19 Papad Making .79 5.4.20 Tamarind Processing .80 5.4.21 Masala Powder Making .81 Chemical Based . .82 5.4.22 Paints & Varnishes!Soaps & Detergents!Cleaningpowder!Dyes & Dye Intermediates . 82 5.4.23 Fabric Dyeing .83 5.4.24 Pesticides Storage & Formulations (Small Scale Units) .85 5.4.25 Plaster of Paris & Plaster of Paris Products .87 5.4.26 Matchsticks making .88 5.4.27 Cement Pipe Making .89 5.4.28 Ceramics / Poffery .90 5.4.29 Glass .91 5.4.30 Paper Mache Toys .92 5.4.31 Silver Anklet Making .93 5.4.32 Tissue Paper .94 Highly Air Polluting . .95 5.4.33 Stone Crushing .95 5.4.34 Charcoal Production .96 5.4.35 Briquette Industry .97 5.4.36 Brick Kiln .98 5.4.37 Lime Kiln .99 5.4.38 Grain and Rice Mill .100 Dry Activity [Minimal water use for washing purposes and mixing] ... 101 5.4.39 Sambirani (Dhoop Making) .101 Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducron Project Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank) 5.4.40 Candle Making .................... 102 5.4.41 Beedi Making .................... 103 5.4.42 Wood Carving .................... 104 5.4.43 Coir Rope making .................... 105 5.4.44 Leather Good Manufacturing .................... 106 5.4.45 Pottery and Terracotta Items .................... 107 5.4.46 Water harvesting structure .................. : 108 5.4. SITE SPECIFICATION, DESIGN AND ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH CONSIDERATION . 110 5.5. ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL ACTIVITIES . 110 5.6. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ACTIVITIES . 110 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK .128 6.1 INTRODUCTION .. 128 6.2 APPLICATION OF EMF .. 128 6.2.1 Application of EMF during Sub-project Planning . .130 6.2.2 Application of EMF during Sub-project Implementation . .132 6. 3 ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND AUDITING .. 132 6.3.1 Environmental Supervision .132 6.3.2 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing .132 6.4 CONCLUSION .. 133 7. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, CAPACITY-BUILDING AND BUDGET. 134 7.1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................134 7.2 PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ....................................................... 134 7.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMF .......................... 137 7.4 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ......................................................... 139 7.5 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ......................................................... 140 7.6 BUDGET ......................................................... 141 Annexure - 1 MINAS Standards Annexure - 2 Profile of resources in Tamil Nadu Annexure - 3 Likely Sources of Pollution for Existing Activities in Districts Annexure - 4 Evaluation Location - Site Specific Annexure - 5 Evaluation of Location II - Natural Resource Specific Annexure - 6 Groundwater Situation Annexure - 7 Maps Annexure - 8 Identified Hotspots Annexure - 9 Cumulative Ranking Annexure - 10 Environmentally Friendly activities Annexure - 11 Negative List Annexure - 12 WHO Classification of Pesticides Annexure - 13 Format of Questionnaire Annexure - 14 List of Stake Holders Annexure - 15 Form A-1, A-2 and A-3 Annexure - 16 Guidelines for EIA 4 Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducbon Project Technical Environmental Guidelines (Wodd Bank) Glossary of Terms Acronym Detail TNCDW Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of Women PLF Panchayat Level Federation LFT Livelihood Facilitation Team VPRC Village Poverty Reduction Committee PFT Project Facilitation Team SHG Self Help Group GS Gram Sabha DPIU District Project Implementation Unit DLBSG District Livelihood and Business Support Group SPMU State Project Management Unit CRP Community Resource Person DERP District Environmental Resource Person VLP Village Livelihood Plan CDD Community Demand Driver CIG Common Interest Group COM Community Operation Manual IPM Integrated Pest Management DTCs District Training Centers BIS Bureau of Indian Standards MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests EIA Environmental Impact Assessment BDM Business Development Manager TEG Technical Environmental Guidelines EIMM Environmental Implementation and Monitoring Manual SWD Social Welfare Department GoTN Government of Tamil Nadu PRI Panchayati Raj Institutions NGOs Non Governmental Organisation CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone TNPCB Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board EMP Environmental Management Plan IEE Initial Environmental Examination TNEB Tamil Nadu Electricity Board BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand ERM Environmental Resource Manual Tamil Nadu Poverty Reducton Project Technical Environmental Guidelines (World Bank) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Government of Tamil Nadu (GOTN) through the Social