Anthropogenic Causation and Prevention Relating to The

Anthropogenic Causation and Prevention Relating to The

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Browning XJMMJOUVSOIBWFBEFUSJNFOUBMJNQBDUPO)VNBOJUZ +FQTPO English 225 BOE$BOOFZ ɨJTFTUBCMJTIFTPOFSFBTPOXIZIVNBOT WBMVFDPOTFSWBUJPOPGOBUVSF Introduction 4FDPOE JUJTVOFUIJDBMGPSIVNBOCFJOHTUPESJWFPUIFS ɨFUVNVMUVPVTTUBUFPGUIFCJPTQIFSFJTMBSHFMZBUUSJCVUBCMF TQFDJFTUPFYUJODUJPOɨJTCFMJFGJNQMJFTUIBUUIFIVNBO UPBOUISPQPHFOJDJOQVUBOETFWFSBMBTQFDUTPGUIJTDPNQMFY DBQBDJUZGPSDPNQBTTJPO BOEUIFQSPQFOTJUZGPSQFPQMFUPCF TJUVBUJPOBSFXPSUIZPGDPOTJEFSBUJPOɨFBJNPGUIJTQBQFSJT DPNQBTTJPOBUFUPXBSETPUIFSPSHBOJTNT JTPOFPGUIFiUPPMTw UPGVSUIFSVOEFSTUBOEUIFMPTTPGCJPEJWFSTJUZUIBUJTDVSSFOUMZ UIBUDPOTFSWBUJPOJTUTPGUFOVTFJOUIFOBNFPGDPOTFSWBUJPO UBLJOHQMBDF0QJOJPOTUFOEUPEJêFSSFHBSEJOHUIFSFMBUJWF $POTFSWBUJPOJTUTGPDVTFêPSUTPOXIBUBSFDPOTJEFSFE JNQPSUBODFPGJTTVFTPGTVDINBHOJUVEFɨFDVSSFOUMPTT iDIBSJTNBUJDwDSFBUVSFT$IBSJTNBUJDDSFBUVSFTBSFUIPTFTQFDJFT PGCJPEJWFSTJUZJTFWPMVUJPOBSJMZJNQPSUBOUBTJUJTDVSSFOUMZ DPOTJEFSFECZNBOZUPCFDVUF DVEEMZ PSCFBVUJGVMBOJNBMT JNQBDUJOHUIFUSFOEPGMJGFPO&BSUI TVDIBT1BOEBT 5JHFST BOE1PMBS#FBST FUD *OPSEFSUPBDIJFWFBCFUUFSVOEFSTUBOEJOHPGTBJEJTTVFJU ɨJSE JTUIFJNQPSUBODFPGTPDJPFDPOPNJDNBUUFSTBT JTVTFGVMUPFYBNJOFUIFFTUJNBUFTSFHBSEJOHCPUIDVSSFOU BOE UIFZSFMBUFUPUIFOBUVSBMXPSMEɨFSFMBUJPOTIJQCFUXFFO CBDLHSPVOE SBUFTPGFYUJODUJPOBTXFMMBTIPXHomo sapiens the health and function of the natural world, ecosystems, GBDUPSJOUPUIFFRVBUJPO'JSTU XFNVTUBDDPVOUGPSUIFJEFB and the health and function of societies and their economies UIBUIVNBOWBMVFTTIBQFPVSHPBMTJOSFHBSETUPNBJOUBJOJOH JTJOFYUSJDBCMF BOEPGUFOPWFSMPPLFE*OPSEFSUPDPOUJOVF CJPEJWFSTJUZɨFO FYQMPSFIPXBOUISPQPHFOJDGBDUPSTNBZ UPFOKPZUIFCFOFëUTPGGVODUJPOBMTPDJFUJFTBOEFDPOPNJFT CFEJSFDUMZJOìVFODJOHUIJTQIFOPNFOPOCZTVSWFZJOHTPNF IVNBOTNVTUEFWPUFNPSFFOFSHZUPXBSETNBJOUBJOJOH IVNBODBVTFTPGCJPEJWFSTJUZMPTT4VCTFRVFOUMZ JUJTQPTTJCMF IFBMUIGVMFDPTZTUFNT#JPUJDBOEBCJPUJDOBUVSBMSFTPVSDFTBSF UPMPPLBUDPVSTFTPGBDUJPOUIBUXJMMVQIPMEIVNBOWBMVFT BOJOUFHSBMQBSUPGIVNBOBDUJWJUJFT BOEBTUIFTFSFTPVSDFT SFHBSEJOHPVSSFMBUJPOTIJQTXJUIPUIFSPSHBOJTNTBOEOBUVSBM EJNJOJTI TPXJMMUIFDPOEJUJPOPGTPDJFUZ4PNFNBJOUFOBODF QSPDFTTFT PGUIFOBUVSBMXPSMEUIBUTVTUBJOTIVNBOJUZJTVOBWPJEBCMF Importance of Biodiversity -BTUMZ BHSJDVMUVS FBOENFEJDJOFBSFCPUIIJHIMZEFSJWFE 1SFTFSWBUJPOPGCJPEJWFSTJUZJTFTTFOUJBMMZUIFQSFTFSWBUJPOPG GSPNPSHBOJTNT FTQFDJBMMZìPSB"TXFEFDSFBTFUIFOVNCFSTPG OBUVSFBOEJTDPOTJEFSFEJNQPSUBOUCBTFEQSJNBSJMZPOIVNBO QMBOUTBOEBOJNBMT XFBMTPEFDSFBTFUIFQPTTJCJMJUJFTPGëOEJOH WBMVFT+FQTPOBOE$BOOFZ QSFTFOUBXFMMDPNQJMFE OFXXBZTJOXIJDIUIFTFPSHBOJTNTDBOCFOFëUIVNBOJUZ MJTUPGUIFQSFFNJOFOUSFBTPOTGPSNBJOUBJOJOHCJPEJWFSTJUZ PS Extinction Rate Estimates iOBUVSF wUIFZTUBUF 1SFTFOUFEFYUJODUJPOSBUFTPGUFODPNQBSFDVSSFOUBOE BFTUIFUJDBOEJOUFMMFDUVBMDPOUFNQMBUJPOPGOBUVSFJT CBDLHSPVOEFTUJNBUFT&YUSBQPMBUJPOTGSPNBWBJMBCMFEBUB JOUFHSBMUPUIFCJPMPHJDBMBOEDVMUVSBMJOIFSJUBODFPGNBOZ UFOEUPZJFMEWBSJBCMFSFTVMUTEVFUPMJNJUBUJPOTJOIFSFOUUP QFPQMFT 8JMTPO FTUBCMJTIJOHCPUIDVSSFOUBOECBDLHSPVOESBUFTPGFYUJODUJPO IVNBOTMBDLUIFSJHIUUPDBVTFLOPXJOHMZUIFFYUJODUJPOT *UJTTVHHFTUFEUIBUXFNBZDVSSFOUMZCFFYQFSJFODJOHBNBTT PGBOPUIFSMJGFGPSN -FPQPME FYUJODUJPO XIJDIJTEFëOFEBTBMPTTJOHSFBUFSUIBOPG TQFDJFTBSFDSJUJDBMDPNQPOFOUTPGUIFIFBMUIZFDPTZTUFNT TQFDJFTXJUIJOPOFNJMMJPOZFBSTɨFEFëOJUJPOJUTFMGJTEJïDVMU OFDFTTBSZUPTVQQPSUFDPOPNJDBOETPDJBMEFWFMPQNFOU UPBQQMZEVFUPUIFMBSHFUFNQPSBMTDBMFBOESFMJBODFPOBO &ISMJDI&ISMJDI BOE FTUJNBUFEUPUBMOVNCFSPGTQFDJFT JUJTQSVEFOUUPNBJOUBJOUIF&BSUITHFOFUJDMJCSBSZGSPN HOHONU Volume 8 2010 - 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HOHONU Volume 8 2010 "VTUSBMJB UIF"NFSJDBT BOEPODPOUJOFOUBMJTMBOET*OUIJT BTXFMMBTBEBQUJWFWBSJBUJPOBSFJNQPSUBOUUPNBJOUFOBODFPG POHPJOHEFCBUF UIFSFBQQFBSTUPCFBDPSSFMBUJPOCFUXFFOUIF QPQVMBUJPOTUIFSFGPSFJUJTOFDFTTBSZUPVOEFSTUBOECPUI BSSJWBMPGIVNBOTBOEUIFEJTBQQFBSBODFPGMBSHFBOJNBMTBT /FVUSBMMPDJPSHFOFTBSFUIPTFUIBUEPOPUBêFDUBO IVNBOTEJTQFSTFEUISPVHIPVUUIF"NFSJDBTBQQSPYJNBUFMZ PSHBOJTNTMFWFMPGëUOFTT PSBCJMJUZUPBEBQUUPJUTDIBOHJOH ZFBSTBHP 7FSOPO FOWJSPONFOUɨFTFOFVUSBMHFOPUZQFTBSFOPUFYQSFTTFEBT ɨFTFMBSHFDBSOJWPSFTBOEIFSCJWPSFTQMBZFEJNQPSUBOU QIFOPUZQFTUIBUBSFTVCKFDUTFMFDUJWFQSFTTVSFT UIFSFGPSFUIFTF SPMFTJOUIFQSJTUJOFFDPTZTUFNTXFSFPODFQSFTFOUJO DIBSBDUFSTBSFDPOTJEFSFETFMFDUJWFMZOFVUSBM/FVUSBMHFOFUJD /PSUI"NFSJDBBOECFZPOE*OBEEJUJPOUPCFJOHSFBDUJWF NBSLFSTEPOPUPêFSJOTJHIUJOUPUIFiBEBQUJWFPSFWPMVUJPOBSZ DPOTFSWBUJPOFêPSUTBSFPGUFOMJNJUFECZBTNBMMUFNQPSBM QPUFOUJBMPGQPQVMBUJPOTPSTQFDJFTw )PMEFSFHHFS ,BNN

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