SW EDISH P HONOLOGY A UIS E LM U iS T . LO Q Nort/z wester u Umz' rcrsz l) CHICAGO T H E N B - G E G E R G H O L M BE R G P U BLISH I N CO . 1915 ‘ ' r o ri h t 1 1 py g , 9 5, by o uis m u A . L El q ist $4$ P RM E. I n this little volume I h a ve ma de n o attempt t o treat an y part of t he subj ect exhaustively , nor is the b o o k inte n ded primarily as a work of reference . My purpose h as been merely to give as much a s the studen t of Swed ish ough t to know abou t Swed n a —Am a ish pronu ciation . P rticularly Swedish eric ns , who have comparatively little diffi cul ty with the m c a n m ma sounds the selves , profit uch by a syste t ic d stu y of the subj ect . a s a x - The book , then , is intended te t book t o accomp a ny a n d t o su pplemen t the study of the gr a m ' ma r m Swed zs/z Gra mma r I . I n y have referred / As o f freely t o the P/zmw ogy . the pronunciat ion a modern langu a ge is cle a rly of basic i mpor tance a m for an y knowledge of the langu ge , i t is y hope P/zmz olo in a t hat the gy will be the h nds of every . ud w mma b e rc st en t of S edish gra r , and that i t will ferred to freely from the very be ginn ing . I h a ve everywhere avoided treatin g the subj ect a m ma n historic lly , y in obj ect bein g to give o ly What would be of practical v a lue to the student . I e n a a n d m a h av touched o ly r rely , in an ele en t ry ma u way , u pon tters phonetic . Except for an acco n t o f the leadi n g di fferences between th e presen t a n d a I a a older st ges of orthography , h ve tre ted ortho a m A a m o f gr phic atters very sparingly . full t re t en t ’ Swedish orthogr a phy is gi ven i n Jules Ma uritz so n s ” Rattsk riv n in slara R c n d Svensk g ( o k Isla , A . LOUIS ELMQUIST . a n n n o Ev sto , Illi is , Au u 1 r g st , 9 4 . CONT ENTS. THE ALPHABET STRESS ACCENT (a c ute a n d gra ve ) m d n a w . Co p re ith E glish , 3 n a m n a n o f n a n d e s Acce t , co bi tio to e str s a u o f th e a u a n N t re c te cce t , 5. a u f th e a a n 6 o . N t re gr ve cce t , umma S ry , 7 . m un d w d 8 Co po or s , . W d n o t d o n th e a or s stresse first syll ble , 9. Ho w to a n th e a a n 1 0 le r g r ve cce t , . R ules fo r d etermi n i n g which wo rd s o f mo re tha n o n e a a th e a u a n 1 1 syll ble h ve c te cce t , . n a n d n n - 1 2 Acce t se te ce stress , . n o m o f a n in w d n 1 U if r ity cce t S e e , u a n u 1 . Q tity r les , 4 - n n a n n 1 . Co so t le gth , 5 d e n n - 1 6 uan an . Q tity s te ce stress , f n f un d 1 a n d a n o o o . Orthogr phic i ic tio le gth s , 7 8 n n n a o f m a n d n 1 . Co cer i g orthogr phy , T h d d ua 1 - 2 e n w . i ivi l vo els , 9 7 a n a n o f th e u n d o f a a n d (3 Orthogr phic represe t tio so , 8 2 . a o n o f ua to ua n titv 2 . Rel ti q lity q , 9 - a n o f ua to e n e n ua n 0 . Rel tio q lity s t ce q tity , 3 d a n d o o e 1 a w . H r s ft v ls , 3 w -mo d ifi a tio n 2 c . Vo el , 3 is o f n un m d n th e o w in th e u a . L t o s o ifyi g v el pl r l , 3 3 DIPHTHONGS 6 CONSONANTS Swed ish c o n son a n ts d ifferin g in soun d from co r n d n n o n n a n 6 respo i g E glish c so ts , 3 . d a n d n n a n Voice voiceless co so ts , g 3 7 . m a n 8 Assi il tio , 3 . T h e n d d ua o n n n — 8 a . i ivi l c so ts , 39 5 umma n h n n a n a to t e . S ries rel ti g co so ts , 59 UNIFORMITY O F PRONUNCIATION No d n m o f n un a n 60 rigi or pro ci tio , . ’ a n d 6 1 A 0 before . E a n d (i 6 2 , . R 6 . , 3 TJ} s 64 65. L , 66 . NAMES O F THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET . ORTHOGRAPHY (prese n t form compa red with DI H PH N SW E S O OLOGY . T H A PHA E L BET . th e m 1 . The Swedish alphabet is sa e as the English alphabet , with the addition of the three c - d d 0 A fl 0 vowel characters , , and ( , , )at the end . In dict ionaries thW M W d 2 m after , in the order na ed . —4 1 u d n a s a n fo r a Note . The letter y is se o ly sig vowel ; se e 24 . 2 W a n d u n in n am 2 a n d c w . q occ r o ly proper es ; ( ith th e m o a n n n am d in 0 a n d n 1 u i p rt t exceptio e 4 , I , ote )occ r o n ly in word s o f foreign origi n a n d in proper n a mes . ’ ’ ’ ' ’ a m : Wa lli n Alm mst g i n/a z n Berz e lz us ocea n Ex ples , q , i c , , l i us a n Ce s . oce , f h a see 6 Fo r th e n am o f th e o t e a . 3 . es letters lph bet 7 R ST ESS . m 2. The fi rst syllable has the ain stress , bot h ’ fiwmz a n m . : i simple and i n co pou nd words Ex . m mm k ossa mer fro/z a re wo an , to spea , g the boys , g ’ m k a vstcin a ore l i ely , railway en omresa m a m accident , g to travel through , f to ex erien ce p . 8 STR ESS Exceptions to this rule are numerous (a ) I n the c a se of a rather large n umber of c o m pounds formed from two (or more)words that orig in a ll e y stood side by sid i n the sentence , the fi rst of t hese in many instan ces being unstressed owing to the fact th a t it did not have t he se n tence -stress 2 ma a (see note , below), the in stress f lls on th e stressed syllable of the posterior componen t that ‘ ’ se n ten ce stress : d en sa m ma originally had the . Ex . ’ ’ ’ m w mn a m a a ma l the sa e , e ch other , f farewell , ’ ' ’ ' ’ lea n /zéin d a z é la n d m m z rd n m perhaps , so et i es , f fro , ’ ’ ’ om/erin iii/ba lca fiv era l lf g around , back , e verywhere , ' ’ ’ ’ z/z éi l d tzn z n s/ozz e a t a emf / [a n n j t o death , le st , betwee , ' ’ ’ bred v i a 71 6227 1 7 min sa n n u n m beside , very well , po y ' ’ ' ’ ' ’ d sia a o ff o veren s d u o a 077 7 word , , agreed , y new , zz z ' ’ tef bm Aa rlskrofi g to frustrate , to repair , ' ’ 7l a Vcisferci s , , (b) Words of forei gn origin are a s a rule stressed on the same syll a ble as in the foreign lan gu age from which they have come ; in a very large n um a w ber of instances , p rticularly in words borro ed m C a La n a m fro French or the l ssical gu ges , this i s so e ’ oio m t .