nana sumbaZe, maia maisuraZe axalgazrdobis monawileoba demokratiul procesebSi: kvlevis Sedegebi da axalgazrdul organizaciaTa cnobari NANA SUMBADZE, MAIA MAISURADZE PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH IN DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES: Study Results and Directory of Youth Organizations sazogadoebrivi politikis instituti Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) Tbilisi 2010 Tbilisi gamoTqmuli mosazreba ar gamoxatavs fondis `Ria sa- zogadoeba _ saqarTvelos~ pozicias. Sesabamisad, fondi ar aris pasuxismgebeli masalis Sinaarsze. The views, opinions and statements expressed by the authors are WKHLUVRQO\DQGGRQRWQHFHVVDULO\UHÀHFWWKHSRVLWLRQRI2SHQ6RFLHW\ Georgia Foundation. 7KHUHIRUHWKH2SHQ6RFLHW\*HRUJLD)RXQGDWLRQLVQRWUHVSRQVLEOH for the content of the information material. proeqti ganxorcielda Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos mxardaWeriT 3URMHFWLVVXSSRUWHGE\2SHQ6RFLHW\*HRUJLD)RXQGDWLRQ ydis dizaini: m. sumbaZe Cover design: M. Sumbadze Targmani: eTeri sulaZe Translation: Eteri Suladze inglisuri teqstis redaqtori: sandip Cakraborti Text editing:Sandeep Chakraborty © sazogadoebrivi politikis instituti, 2010 © Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), 2010 ISBN 978-9941-416-79-8 CONTENTS 1. Introduction .................................................................................68 2. The objectives and methodology of the study ............................69 3. Role of youth civil activities and overview of existing problems...70 4. Major problems of the youth .......................................................72 5. Youth participation level and types of activities ..........................77 6. Conditions of participation ..........................................................79 6.1. Desire to participate and availability of time ........................79 6.2. Environment ........................................................................82 6.3. Invitation for participation ....................................................82 7. Ways of increasing participation .................................................83 2UJDQL]HGIRUPVRI\RXWKSDUWLFLSDWLRQ.......................................86 8.1. State structures ...................................................................89 8.2. Youth wings of political parties ............................................91 8.3. Trade Unions .......................................................................93 8.4. International organizations and foundations ........................93 8.5. Student self-government .....................................................96 8.6. Church .................................................................................97 8.7. Community based organizations .........................................97 8.8. Non-government organizations ...........................................98 9. Conclusions and recommendations .........................................102 References ................................................................................... 111 Annex 1. List of consulted individuals ...........................................112 Annex 2. List of focus groups and discussions .............................114 Directory of youth organizations ...................................................172 - 4 - axalgazrdobis monawileoba demokratiul procesebSi: kvlevis angariSi 1.Sesavali sazogadoebriv cxovrebisadmi interesi da masSi Car- Tuloba demokratiis safuZvels warmoadgens. samoqala- qo monawileoba gulisxmobs saerTo interesebis, mizne- bisa da Rirebulebebis garSemo moqalaqeTa monawileobas koleqtiur moqmedebebSi. jgufebs ganixilaven, rogorc arCevnebis miRma arsebul monawileobis ZiriTadi mamo- Zravebeli Zalad (Maloney, 2008). monawileoba socialu- ri kapitalis nawils warmoadgens. patnami (Putnam, 2000) socialur kapitals ganixilavs, rogorc erTdroulad kerZo da sajaro sikeTes. igi sakeTildReoa ara mxo- lod misi mflobeli individisaTvis, aramed aseve mcire socialuri kapitalis mflobeli individisaTvisac moa- qvs sargebeli Tu mocemul sazogadoebas zogadad didi socialuri kapitali gaaCnia. socialur kapitals gan- sazRvraven, rogorc `socialuri organizaciis iseT ma- xasiaTeblebs, rogoricaa ndoba, normebi da socialuri qselebi, romlebsac SeswevT Zala koordinirebuli moq- medebebis mxardaWeris meSveobiT gazardon sazogadoebis efeqtianoba~ (Putnam, 1993. gv.167). socialuri kapitalis didi odenoba demokratiis aucilebel pirobad aris miC- neuli. paqstoni (Paxton, 2002) ganixilavs or gzas, romlis meSveobiTac socialuri kapitali zegavlenas axdens de- mokratiaze: igi xels uwyobs arademokratiul qveynebSi demokratiis Camoyalibebas imiT, rom ar aZlevs saxel- mwifos saSualebas daCagros sakuTari moqalaqeebi da me- ore, qmnis sivrces organizebuli oponirebisaTvis. wevroba nebayoflobiT organizaciebSi zrdis indi- vidis socialur kapitals, mis resursebsa da unarebs, axdens politikuri monawileobis stimulirebas. organi- zaciebi iZlevian problemebis da moTxovnebis formuli- rebis SesaZleblobas. es Zalze mniSvnelovania, radgan problemis gadaWris aucilebeli pirobas warmoadgens is, rom igi iyos gagonili gadawyvetilebis mimRebebis mier, rac swored jgufur moqmedebas moiTxovs (Rosen- blum, 1998). - 6 - bolo wlebSi sazogadoebrivi politikis institu- tisa da sxva organizacebis mier Catarebul gamokvle- vebSi gamoikveTa axalgazrdebis samoqalaqo aqtiobis dabali done (sumbaZe, 2010; saqarTvelos axalgazrdobis erovnuli angariSi, 2009;). nihilisturi damokidebule- ba politikur liderTa mimarT, da aseve sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi sakuTari monawileobis mimarT gansakuTre- bulad didia axalgazrdebs Soris, rac safrTxes uqmnis demokratiuli procesebis ganviTarebas. samoqalaqo sa- zogadoebis mobilizacias xels uSlis informaciis nak- leboba saqarTveloSi arsebuli axalgazrda organiza- ciebis, maTi miznebis, aqtiobebisa da wevrebis Sesaxeb. amdenad axalgazrduli organizaciebis identifikacia da maT Sesaxeb informaciis organizacia, aseve im mizeze- bis dadgena, romlebic ganapirobeben axalgazrdebis pa- siurobas sazogadoebrivi movlenebis mimarT aucilebel wina pirobas warmoadgens iseTi politikis dagemvisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis, romelic ganapirobebs axalgazr- debis metad CarTvas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. monawileobis funqcias warmoadgens erTi mxriv ze- gavlenis moxdena gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze da meores mxriv socialuri kapitalis Seqmna damakvSirebeli ur- TierTobebis Seqmnis meSveobiT. iZleva ra saSualebas damyarebuli iqnes kavSirebi sxvadasxva ekonomikuri, socialuri, ganaTlebis da profesiuli, asakobrivi da genderuli jgufebis warmoadgenlebTan nebayoflobiT organizaciaSi gaerTianeba aseve warmoadgens toleran- tuli damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis sawindars. cnobilia, rom monawileobis xarisxi cvalebadobs Ta- obebis mixedviT. moqalaqis sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi CarTvis prognozirebis saukeTeso saSualebas warmoad- gens misi monawileoba nebayoflobiT organizaciebSi da moxaliseoba adreuli axalgazrdobis periodSi. amdenad demokratiuli praqtikisaTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvne- lobas iZens adamianebis SeZlebisamebr adreul periodSi CarTva sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. - 7 - 2kvlevis mizani da meTodologia kvlevis mizans warmoadgens saqarTveloSi arsebuli axalgazrduli da axalgazrdobasTan momuSave organiza- ciebis identifikacia, maTi miznebis, aqtiobebis da sami- zne jgufebis Sesaxeb informaciis cnobarSi warmodgena. aseve axalgazrdobisa da organizaciis warmomadgenlebis Sexedulebebisa dadgena im problemebis Taobaze, romle- bic xels uSlian axalgazrdebis samoqalaqo aqtiobas. gamokvleva moicavs samagido da empiriul xarisxo- briv kvlevas. moxda ZiriTad dainteresebul pirebsa da eqspertebis identifikacia da maTgan CaRrmavebuli in- terviuebis aReba. axalgazrdul organizaciaTa xelmZR- vanelebsa da wevrebTan Catarebuli iqna fokus jgufebi. diskusiebi Catardeba aseve im axalgazrdebTan, romle- bic ar arian CarTuli axlagazrduli organizaciebis muSaobaSi. savele samuSaoebi Catarda saqarTvelos im qalaqebSi, sadac funqcionireben universitetebi, aseTe- bia Tbilisi, quTaisi, baTumi, Telavi, gori, zugdidi da axalcixe. axalqalaqSi, marneulSi da karaleTSi disku- siebi Catarda samoqalaqo aqtiobis xelisSemSleli fa- qtorebis dasadgenad somxur, azerbaijanul da devnil axalgazrdebTan da aseve kaxeTisa da samegrelos sofle- bSi, soflis axalgazrdebis problemebis identifikacii- saTvis. sul Catarebul iqna 14 fokus jgufi, 4 diskusia da 21 CaRrmavebuli interviu. jgufur diskusiebSi mona- wileoba 211 pirovnebam miiRo (49.3 procenti qali, 50.7 procenti kaci). (ix. danarTi 1 da 2). fokus jgufebi, saubrebi da CaRrmavebuli inter- viuebi exeboda Semdeg sakiTxebs: x axalgazrdobis monawileobis donis Sefaseba; x axalgazrdobis aqtiobis sferoebi; x axalgazrduli organizaciebis ZiriTadi proble- mebi; - 8 - x axalgazrdobis mcire monawileobis mizezebi; x gzebi, romelTa meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli gaxdeba axalgazrdobis metad CarTva sazogadoebriv cxov- rebaSi. axalgazrduli organizaciebis identifikacia daiwyo veb-gverdebisa da cnobarebSi maTi Ziebis meSveobiT da gagrZelda `Tovlis gundas~ meTodis meSveobiT _ yovelma gamokiTxulma organizaciam mogvawoda misTvis cnobil organizaciaTa nusxa. TviToeulma organizaciam Seavso kiTxvari, romelic moicavda Semdeg ZiriTad sakiTxebs: x organizaciis dasaxeleba da misi samarTlebrivi statusi; x sakontaqto informacia; x daarsebis TariRi; x ZiriTad TanamSromelTa raodenoba; x xelmZRvaneli; x ZiriTadi miznebi da amocanebi; x samizne jgufebi; x aqtiobis sferoebi; x aqtiobis saxeebi; x dafinansebis wyaroebi x ganxorcielebuli da mimdinare proeqtebi. Cvens mier dagzavnili 110 anketidan mxolod 55 or- ganizaciisgan iqna droulad miRebuli pasuxebi. maTi saanketo monacemebi Seyvanil iqna SPSS programaSi da damuSavda statistikurad. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamoki- Txul organizaciaTa odenoba ar iZleva sando statis- tikuri