MIGRATION & REFUGEES THE AUSTRIAN PERSPECTIVE by Denis Strieder CONTENTS Chronology of the Occurences Political Situation Asylum - Facts & statistics New laws Labor market Integration Measures CHRONOLOGY Civil war in Syria, IS in Iraq, failed State Lybia, Situation in Turkey, full neighbour states, unterfinanzierte Hilfsprogramme, etc... No perspective, german pull effect (Merkel), open boarders Drastic reduction of the development aid in the past years Italy , Greece and Malta appeal to the member states of the EU for an equal allocation of the arriving refugees Austria & Germany refused Mikl-Leitner “Austria does not has the duty to receive more refugees“ Western Balkan route - refugee crisis in Austria TRAIN OF HOPE – Train Station Westbahnhof Vienna CHRONOLOGY Chancellor Werner Faymann (SPÖ) forced to resign due to European migrant crisis ÖBB (Austrian national railways) - Chief Christian Kern new chancellor Police chief Hans-Peter Doskozil (SPÖ)of the province Burgenland becomes new defence minister fClosure o the western balkan route because of the initiative of foreign minister Sebastian Kurz (ÖVP) From Sep-Dec 2016 about 98 % less newcomers than from Sep-Dec 2015 Large scale of the population agree to the restrictive policies of Sebastian Kurz (ÖVP) ACTUAL POLITICAL SITUATION Parlamental elections in autumn 2017 probable Right wing party (FPÖ) rising and has chances to win the upcoming elections Coalition of ÖVP (Conservatives) & FPÖ (Right wing) probable Polarisation of the population (left – right) Presidential elections in december 2016 – main topic refugees Green candidate Van der Bellen won the elections against Norbert Hofer (FPÖ) (53 % - 47 % after the third round) Governmental parties lost in the first round ÖVP-Plan for Europe Closure of the Mediterrenean route Less financial support No asylum for people who migrate illegal Island Solution –Australian model – protection zones in Northern Africa Archetype Canada Strengthen Frontex and the frontiers of the EU Tough sanctions for people who don´t get asylum and refuse to return to their home countries Financial sanctions for countries which don`t cooperate Combating human traffickers Adequate allacotion of refugees all over the EU NUMBER OF PERSONS - ASYLUM 2015: 88 300 persons 2016: 37 500 2017: 17 000 – 37 500 ? DEPORTATIONS 10 600 persons in 2016 Most deportations in the EU per capita Some countries refuse to take refugees back Need for repatrition agreements More effort of the EU-Commission is required Demand for the connection of th registration data and criminal records Upper limit POPULATION 2016: 8,77 Mio EW, Vienna 1,8 Mio 2015: + 115 545 persons 2016 : + 73 215 persons 38 % Vienna Share of foreigners: 1 342 758 persons (15,3 % ) (48,8 % of EU-member states) 2016: Afghanistan (+ 9 666 ), Romania ( + 9 146), Syria (+8 324), Hungary (+ 7 126), Germany (+ 5 197) Croatia , Slovakia, Bulgaria, Poland, Iran RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT Highest unemployment rate in history Jan 2017: 422 262 persons = 10,6 %, Youth (until age 25): 10,5 % Including training participants: 493 852 persons 3 543 000 employed persons (+ 55 000 in 2016) Vacancies: 45 165 Natives: 8,1 %, Foreigners: 13,5 % Highest rate: Vienna: 23,9 % Syria (74,7 %), Afghanistan (46,4 %), Russia (36,6 %), Turkey (19,8 %), Ex- Yugosslavia (14,3 %), Romania (13,6 %), Poland (13,5 %) RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT Pressure on the labour market Reasons: Economic crisis in Europe, Eastern European expansion of the EU, Migration, Refugees Every fourth unemployed is a foreigner The unemployment rate would decrease without refugees Failures regarding the integration in the past decades Huge challenges relating to the integration of the refugees New measures for 160 000 new jobs – co-finacing for companies of the government – only for Austrians FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR REFUGEES Basic servive Minimum colleteral Familienbeihilfe Mobil pass Cultural pass Fiinancial support for various other things Financial support for returnees REFUGEES - COSTS 420o Mi EUR budgetet, 2 Mrd EUR real money supply 2016 (ohne Mindestsicherung) In den ersten 4 Monaten Grundversorgung, danach Anspruch auf Mindestsicherung und Familienbeihilfe Familiennachzug (Eltern minderjähriger Kinder, Ehepartner, minderjährige Kinder) Enormous pressure on the social system because of the rising costs of the refugees INTEGRATION PROBLEMS IN THE PAST Especially regarding people from Bosnia, Russia and Turkey High unemployment rate, lack of german language skills, parallel societies Integration neclected for decades Secretary of state for integration Now department for foreign affairs, Europe and integration INTEGRATION PROBLEM – ATTITUDE 40 % think religious orders are more important than national laws 45 % think that religious groups are not equal 80 % want religious rules for clothing in public 37 % want seperate swimming lessons for boys & girls Survey of Autumn 2016 – Sample: 900 persons 43 % Syria, 37 % Afghanistan, 20 % Iraq 80 % men TERRORISM & CRIME RATE Rising crime rate, also xenophobic offences Organized crime (drug trafficking, human trafficking, etc.) Upcoming gang warfare in Vienna Dangerf o radicalization, especially among young people 114 terrorists camouflaged as refugees (44 % of the terrorists), they receive social benefits 287 persons monitored (BMI) IS is giving a special training for the procedure for grantog the right of asylum (BND – Okt 2017) Demand for the connection of th registration data and criminal records SECURITY MEASURES – FEB 2017 Prohibition of wearing a Burka in public Leg irons for monitored people Ban on headscarves for the executive authorities, judges and prosecutors Prohibition of salafistic Koran-distribution Monitoring of Djihad-returnees Telephon surveillance Severe personal controls – transport companies Registration of pre-paid mobile phones PREVEAILING VIEW OF THE AUSTRIAN POULATION Refugees – main topic in the media and within the population Opinions have changed, at the beginning of the crisis positive Prevailing negative opinions regarding refugees, migration and muslims „All further migration from mainly Muslim countries shoud be stopped“ 65f % o the popuation agree Fears because of the masculinization of public spaces INTEGRATION - MEASURES Integration law Integration year German courses Value courses Kompetenzchecks Eucation 1 Euro Jobs Financial sanctions if measures are refused MEASURES OF THE AUSTRIAN TRADE SOCIAL PARTNERS Cooperation of the trade union and the chambers of economy, labour and agriculture Bad Ischler Dialogue Common policy document regarding the integration & labour market Kompetenzchecks Alternance Education Reducing number of migrants, especially refugees Quick Integration – labour market AUSTRIA & THE WORLD OSZE -CHAIR NOW UNO – SECURITY COUNCIL FEB 2017 EU-CHAIR 2018 NEW CONCEPT FOR THE EU (CONTEXT – BREXIT) Summary Problems regarding the Integration New restrictive laws oEffort t stop illegal migration Changef o the political situation fChange o the attitude of the population regarding refugees & muslims fRise o the right wing party FPÖ Polarization of the population Renationalization & loss of trust regarding the EU Sollutions on the European level are required VIELEN DANK FÜR IHRE AUFMERKSAMKEIT!.
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