PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 67 (2013), No. 2 (683), pp. 124–129. DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2013-0019 SPECIES OF PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH STRAWBERRIES IN LATVIA Valentîna Petrova, Lîga Jankevica, and Ineta Samsone Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera ielâ 3, Salaspils, LV-2169, LATVIA [email protected] Communicated by Viesturs Melecis The aim of the present study was to describe the phytophagous insect fauna of strawberries in Latvia. This study was carried out in 2000–2004 on strawberry plantations in Tukums, Rîga, Do- bele, and Limbaþi districts. Insects were collected from strawberry fields by pitfall trapping, sweep netting and leaf sampling methods. A total of 137 insect species belonging to seven orders and 41 families were identified to species. Of the phytophagous insects, the order Orthoptera was represented by one species, other orders by a larger number of species: Hymenoptera (3), Dip- tera (16), Lepidoptera (20), Thysanoptera (21), Hemiptera (39), and Coleoptera (37). Of the re- corded insects, 48 species have a status of general strawberry pests. Key words: Fragaria × ananassa, strawberry pests, insect diversity. INTRODUCTION planted in rows with 30-cm distance between plants and 100-cm distance between rows. In the period from June 1 to Strawberries are one of the commercially important crop September 30 in 2000–2004, random sweep netting plants in Latvia. Harmful phytophagous insect species on (monthly) and leaf sampling (twice a month) were performed strawberry have been studied during the period between for general collection of homopterans, thysanopterans, 1928 and 1989. Thirty-four phytophagous insect species lepidopterans and hemipterans. A leaf sample consisted of were recorded on strawberry during previous studies in Lat- one mature, opened and one young, unopened leaf per plant via. Previous studies showed that the order Coleoptera was from 100 randomly selected strawberry plants. Insects (gen- represented by 15 species, other orders were represented by erally coleopterans and bugs) were collected from strawberry a smaller number of species Hemiptera (7), Hymenoptera plants by pitfall trapping (twice a month) from April 9 to No- (7), Lepidoptera (4) and Orthoptera (1) (Ozols, 1929; vember 8 in 2001–2002 and from May 25 to October 30 in Öèíîâñêèé, 1953; Øóëüö, 1958; Äàíêà, 1959; Èakstiòa, 2003–2004. Glass cups (500 cm3) with diameter of 70 mm 1962; Ozols, 1963; Âåëöå, 1968; Ïóòåëå, 1970; Pûtele, were used for this purpose. For preservation 6% acetic acid 1971; Dûks, 1976; Êèëåâèöà è äð., 1978; Ðóïàéñ, 1989). In with a detergent added was used. Small insects were fixed in 1999–2004, the insect fauna of strawberry agrocenoses in 75% ethanol and placed onto glass slides in Berlese medium Latvian commercial strawberry farms was surveyed by the (Dunger et al., 1997). authors, and this information is partially reported in previ- ous articles (Petrova et al., 2000, 2005, 2006, 2010; Karpa Thrips species were identified by Dr. V. Velikan, leafhop- et al., 2007). pers by Dr. A. Emelyanov, weevils by Dr. B. Korotyaev, bugs by Dr. I. Kegner, aphids by Dr. A. Stekolshchikov (In- The aim of our investigation was to obtain information on stitute of Zoology, St. Petersburg) and by Dr. R. Rakauskas the fauna of phytophagous insects, with an emphasis on (Vilnius University). Other beetles were identified by strawberry pest species. Dr. A. Barðevskis (University of Daugavpils, Institute of Systematic Biology) and by Dr. D. Teïnovs (Entomological Society of Latvia), lepidopterans by M. Sc. N. Savenkovs MATERIALS AND METHODS (Latvian Museum of Natural History), and dipterans by Dr. V. Spuòìis and Dr. A. Karpa (Institute of Biology, Uni- The study was generally conducted during the vegetation versity of Latvia). seasons 2000–2004, mainly in the Pûre Horticultural Re- search Centre. The area of strawberry plantings in Pûre, RESULTS Tukums District, was six hectares. Strawberry fields in other districts were also examined: Dobele (two hectares), Limbaþi Altogether 137 phytophagous insect species were found on (two hectares) and Rîga (one hectare). Approximately 30 dif- cultivated strawberry plants, belonging to seven orders and ferent strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivars were 41 families, including 37 beetles, 21 thrips, 20 butterflies, 124 Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., Section B, Vol. 67 (2013), No. 2. 16 flies, 15 bugs, 15 cicadas, six aphids, three hymenopter- in Table 1. Of all recorded insects, 44 species are known ans, two planthoppers, one whitefly and one grasshopper. strawberry pests and four have a status of potential straw- The list of species found on strawberry in this study is given berry pests (Alford, 2007). Table 1 Table 1 (continued) LIST OF PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS RECORDED ON STRAWBER- 12 RIES DURING THE STUDIES 2000–2004 Emelyanoviana mollicula (Boheman, 1845) Order/ Family/ Species Status Empoasca pteridis (Dahlbom, 1850) * 12Errastunus ocellaris (Fallen, 1806) Order Orthoptera Eupteryx ex gr. nigropunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) * Acrididae Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821) Eupteryx ex gr. vittata (Linnaeus, 1758) Order Thysanoptera Euscelis distinguendus (Kirschbaum, 1858) Phlaeothripidae Cephalothrips monilicornis (O. M. Reuter, 1880) Evacanthus interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758) Haplothrips aculeatus (Fabricius, 1803) * Macrosteles laevis (Ribaut, 1927) * Haplothrips leucanthemi (Schrank, 1781) * Megophthalmus scanicus (Fallen, 1806) Thripidae Anaphothrips obscurus (Muller, 1776) Psammotettix confinis (Dahlbom, 1850) * Aptinothrips rufus Haliday, 1836 suborder Fulgoromorpha Chirothrips manicatus Haliday, 1836 Delphacidae Dicranotropis hamata (Boheman, 1847) Dictyothrips betae Uzel, 1895 Javesella obscurella (Boheman, 1847) Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom, 1895) * suborder Sternorrhyncha Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) * Aleyrodidae Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker, 1852 Frankliniella tenuicornis (Uzel, 1895) Aphididae Acyrthosiphon malvae (Mosley, 1841) * Limothrips denticornis Haliday, 1836 Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776) Thrips atratus Haliday, 1836 * Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach, 1843) * Thrips fuscipennis Haliday, 1836 * Aphis forbesi Weed, 1889 Thrips major Uzel, 1895 * Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, 1843 * Thrips nigropilosus Uzel, 1895 Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) * Thrips physapus Linnaeus, 1758 Order Coleoptera Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889 * Anthicidae Notoxus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1760) Thrips validus Uzel, 1895 Apionidae Ischnopterapion virens (Herbst, 1797) Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday, 1836 Attelabidae Apoderus erythropterus (Gmelin, 1790) Oxythrips ajugae Uzel, 1895 Chrysomelidae Batophila rubi (Paykull, 1799) Oxythrips bicolor (O. M. Reuter, 1879) Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus, 1758 Order Hemiptera Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802) * Suborder Heteroptera Galeruca tanaceti (Linnaeus, 1758) * Berytidae Adelphocoris quadripunctatus (Fabricius, 1794) Galerucella pusilla (Duftschmid, 1825) Neides tipularius (Linnaeus, 1758) Galerucella tenella (Linnaeus, 1761) * Lygaeidae Nysius ericae (Schilling, 1829) Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus, 1758) Miridae Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur, 1843) Longitarsus parvulus (Paykull, 1799) Halticus apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) ** Longitarsus suturellus (Duftschmid, 1825) Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) ** Phyllotreta flexuosa (Illiger, 1794) Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, 1911 ** Curculionidae Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795) * Megaloceroea recticornis (Geoffroy, 1785) Ceutorhynchus typhae (Herbst, 1795) Notostira erratica (Linnaeus, 1758) Chlorophanus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) * Orthops kalmii (Linnaeus, 1758) Otiorhynchus ligustici (Linnaeus, 1758) * Orthotylus flavosparsus (C. R. Sahlberg, 1841) Otiorhynchus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) * Plagiognathus arbustorum (Fabricius, 1794) Philopedon plagiatum (Schaller, 1783) * Plagiognathus chrysanthemi (Wolff, 1804) Phyllobius argentatus (Linnaeus, 1758) * Pentatomidae Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) ** Phyllobius maculicornis Germar, 1824 * Rhopalidae Stictopleurus crassicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Phyllobius pomaceus Gyllenhal, 1834 * suborder Cicadomorpha Rhinoncus bruchoides (Herbst, 1784) Aphrophoridae Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) * Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cicadellidae Agallia brachyptera (Boheman, 1847) Tychius picirostris (Fabricius, 1787) Alebra albostriella (Fallen, 1826) Elateridae Adrastus pallens (Fabricius, 1792) Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank, 1776) * Hemicrepidius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) * Elymana sulphurella (Zetterstedt, 1828) Kateretidae Kateretes pedicularius (Linnaeus, 1758) * Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., Section B, Vol. 67 (2013), No. 2. 125 Table 1 (continued) DISCUSSION 12 The order Orthoptera was represented only by one spe- Mordellidae Mordellistena pseudonana Ermisch, 1956 cies — Omocestus rufipes (syn.: O. ventralis). The order Nitidulidae Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) * Thysanoptera was represented by 21 phytophagous thrips Phalacridae Olibrus aeneus (Fabricius, 1792) species from the Phlaeothripidae and Thripidae families, in- Olibrus pygmaeus (Sturm, 1807) cluding 12 polyphagous thrips. Of them eight species are Rhynchitidae Neocoenorrhinus germanicus (Herbst, 1797) * known as strawberry pests: Thrips fuscipennis, T. tabaci, T. Rutelidae Phyllopertha horticola (Linnaeus, 1758) * atratus, T. major, Frankliniella occidentalis, F. intonsa, Silphidae Silpha tristis Illiger, 1798 Haplothrips aculeatus and H. leucanthemi. T. fuscipennis Thanatophilus sinuatus (Fabricius, 1775) * and T. tabaci were the most widespread and